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122-517: Since its release, the album has been sampled, interpolated and paraphrased. Its samples and direct influences were unusual at the time, ranging from liberal use of dancehall reggae (as well as the more commonly used James Brown ) to rock music artists such as AC/DC , the Beatles and Billy Joel . The album was eventually certified Gold by the RIAA. The songs " South Bronx " and " The Bridge Is Over " ignited

244-492: A blockchain startup that had been developing a decentralized database system for managing attribution, and other metadata for media. This was followed in May 2017 with the acquisition of artificial intelligence startup Niland, which uses technology to improve personalisation and recommendation features for users. In November 2017, Spotify acquired Soundtrap , an online music studio startup. On 12 April 2018, Spotify acquired

366-630: A works council was established in 2023. Swedish trade unions have unsuccessfully attempted to bargain collectively with Spotify since 2023. Spotify GmbH employees in Berlin established an electoral board in February 2023, which prepared the election for the works council in April. Spotify AB does not recognize any trade unions or have any collective agreements in Sweden. Spotify ended joint-negotiations with

488-441: A Ball)". "Criminal Minded" contains samples from Syl Johnson 's "Different Strokes" and Trouble Funk 's " Let's Get Small ", and begins with a melodic and lyrical interpolation of the Beatles ' " Hey Jude ". Dancehall reggae Dancehall is a genre of Jamaican popular music that originated in the late 1970s. Initially, dancehall was a more sparse version of reggae than the roots style, which had dominated much of

610-578: A DJ Saved My Life states that sound systems were a product of Jamaican social lifestyle. The success of music wasn't just in the hands of one person anymore, it was a factor of the DJ, speaking poetic words to the audience, the Selector, harmonizing beats in an aesthetically pleasing way, and the Sound Engineer, wiring the sound systems to handle deeper and louder bass tones. Music became a factor of many elements and

732-595: A Spotify engineer in Malmö , set up the channel #kollektivavtal in the internal company Slack , which means " collective agreement " in Swedish. The channel grew to 2,000 participants. 700 employees have since joined Unionen, with another 100 each joining Engineers of Sweden and Akavia. Catalini Smith no longer works at Spotify. Writers Guild of America, East represents two union affiliates at Spotify Studios and The Ringer . The United Musicians and Allied Workers campaigns for

854-549: A UK MOBO award for Best Reggae Album in 2015. The year of 2016 saw Popcaan's rival-artist Alkaline release his debut album 'New Level Unlocked' under DJ Frass Records, which topped the charts in Jamaica, as well as being well received in the US and UK. Popcaan and Alkaline have always been rival music artists in Jamaica and it is much debated who is the new Dancehall King, since Vybz Kartel

976-475: A change reflected by the 1981 Junjo Lawes-produced album A Whole New Generation of DJs , although many went back to U-Roy for inspiration. He utilized talking over or under a " riddim " which is now known as the deejay's seductive chant, part talking and part singing. Deejay records became, for the first time, more important than records featuring singers. Another trend was sound clash albums, featuring rival deejays /or sound systems competing head-to-head for

1098-500: A competitor". Furthermore, he stated that "There is nothing in Apple's conduct that 'amounts to a violation of applicable antitrust laws.' Far from it. ... I would be happy to facilitate an expeditious review and approval of your app as soon as you provide us with something that is compliant with the App Store's rules". In the following months, Spotify joined several other companies in filing

1220-457: A data science consulting firm and analytics company. In a comment to TechCrunch , Spotify said that Seed Scientific's team would lead an advanced analytics unit within the company, focused on developing data services. In January 2016, they acquired social and messaging startups Cord Project and Soundwave, followed in April 2016 by CrowdAlbum, a "startup that collects photos and videos of performances shared on social networks," and would "enhance

1342-540: A deal with Chernin Entertainment to produce movies and TV shows. In 2020 and 2021, Spotify and DC , a brand at the time under Warner Bros. Entertainment signed deals to create audio shows on the platform around characters such as Catwoman, Wonder Woman, the Riddler, Batgirl, Superman and Lois Lane, among others. In 2022, Spotify became the official streaming partner of FC Barcelona . In May 2022, Spotify announced

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1464-753: A fairer redistribution and compensation system for musicians. The United Musicians and Allied Workers (UMAW) was established in 2020 during the onset of the Corona pandemic . One year later in 31 cities worldwide, 27,500 musicians joined UMAW's campaign #JusticeAtSpotify to demand a compensation of one cent per audio stream . Moreover, they are asking for a fairer redistribution system, as smaller artists are disproportionately disadvantaged on Spotify. One month after Spotify acquired Gimlet Media in February 2019, 75% of staff at Gimlet Media went public, signing union cards and seeking voluntary recognition . In August, The Ringer ' s editorial staff voted to unionize with

1586-461: A focus on the track instrumentals (or " riddims "). Dancehall saw initial mainstream success in Jamaica in the 1980s, and by the 1990s, it became increasingly popular in Jamaican diaspora communities. In the 2000s, dancehall experienced worldwide mainstream success, and by the 2010s, it began to heavily influence the work of established Western artists and producers, which has helped to further bring

1708-438: A group of others came to the stoop where the offending parties lived. Sterling's intention was to try and mediate things, but one of the hoods pulled out a gun and began shooting at random. In the ensuing confusion, Sterling was hit in the neck. Critically wounded, he died an hour later in hospital, leaving behind an infant son. Warner Bros. reneged on the new deal in the aftermath of Sterling's death. Parker, however, decided that

1830-559: A letter with the European Union 's antitrust body indirectly accusing Apple and Google of "abusing their 'privileged position' at the top of the market", by referring to "some" companies as having "transformed into 'gatekeepers' rather than 'gateways'". The complaint led to the European Union announcing that it would prepare an initiative by the end of 2017 for a possible law addressing unfair competition practices. Spotify released

1952-487: A little help from deejay sound, "sweet sing" (falsetto voice) singers such as Pinchers , Cocoa Tea , Sanchez , Admiral Tibet , Frankie Paul, Half Pint, Courtney Melody, and Barrington Levy were popular in Jamaica. Nearing the end of the '80s Jamaican Dancehall artists gained a lot of appeal through their no-nonsense music. This expanded the genre's reach beyond the Land of Wood and Water 's borders. The main appeal of Dancehall

2074-499: A mixture of both. These crews created their own dances which developed fame in the Dancehall scene. Some of the artists who popularised this new era of Dancehall were Bounty Killer , Beenie Man , Elephant Man , Shalkal Carty, Popcaan , Vybz Kartel , Konshens , Mr. Vegas , Mavado , Ward 21 , Lady Saw and Spice , some of whom saw international success. This success brought forward mainstream appeal toward Dancehall which lead into

2196-525: A music production marketplace for people in the music industry to collaborate on projects, and distribute music tracks for licensing. On 19 November 2019, Spotify announced the acquisition of the exclusive rights to The Last Podcast on the Left . On 5 February 2020, Spotify announced its intent to acquire Bill Simmons ' sports and pop culture blog and podcast network The Ringer for an undisclosed amount. On 19 May 2020, Spotify acquired exclusive rights to stream

2318-559: A new partnership. In December, Spotify and Tencent 's music arm, Tencent Music Entertainment (TME), agreed to swap stakes and make an investment in each other's music businesses. As a result of this transaction, Spotify gained a 9% stake in TME with TME gaining a 7.5% stake in Spotify. In February 2018, Spotify integrated with the gaming-oriented voice chat service Discord on desktop clients, allowing users to display their currently playing song as

2440-639: A partnership with the South by Southwest (SXSW) conference for 2017, presenting specific content in special playlists through an SXSW hub in Spotify's apps. The integration also enabled Spotify within the SXSW GO app to help users discover and explore artists performing at the conference. Two more partnerships were announced in March; one with WNYC Studios , and one with Waze . The WNYC Studios partnership brought various podcasts from WNYC to Spotify, including Note to Self , On

2562-695: A partnership with the online game platform and game creation system the Roblox Corporation , the partnership saw Spotify as the first streaming brand to have a presence within the game with the launch of "Spotify Island". In March 2023, Spotify announced a partnership with Patreon , which Spotify claimed would "enable creators to expand their creative business through direct payments from fans, and allow fans to listen to their Patreon content on Spotify". In July 2015, Spotify launched an email campaign to urge its App Store subscribers to cancel their subscriptions and start new ones through its website, bypassing

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2684-710: A place to use their voice and make a mark due to the opportunities afforded by InnerCity Promotions.[26] This is from the International Reggae Awards special awarded honors(irawma awards).[26] Sound systems such as Killimanjaro, Black Scorpio , Silver Hawk, Gemini Disco, Virgo Hi-Fi, Volcano Hi-Power and Aces International soon capitalized on the new sound and introduced a new wave of deejays . The older toasters were overtaken by new stars such as Captain Sinbad , Ranking Joe , Clint Eastwood , Lone Ranger , Josey Wales , Charlie Chaplin , General Echo and Yellowman —

2806-459: A platform for artists to be seen and heard. From 1982 The team started a series called "Saturday Nite Live" at Harbour View Drive-In. Promoting one of Jamaicas finest acts along side a US soul group. That year ‘83 it was Gladys Knight & the Pips that headlined the initial concert and the showcase also featured boxing presentations from Muhammad Ali. The tested events were so successful that the next step

2928-457: A rebranding move and to organize its tools for creating, managing, growing, and monetizing their content in one place. In January 2015, Sony announced PlayStation Music, a new music service with Spotify as its exclusive partner. PlayStation Music incorporates the Spotify service into Sony's PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4 gaming consoles, and Sony Xperia mobile devices. The service launched on 30 March 2015. In March 2017, Spotify announced

3050-500: A reduction in royalty fees to do so. Select albums would be available only on the Premium tier for a period of time, before general release. The deal "may be months away from being finalized, but Spotify is said to have cleared this particular clause with major record labels". New reports in April confirmed that Spotify and Universal Music Group had reached an agreement to allow artists part of Universal to limit their new album releases to

3172-492: A rich presence on their profile, and invite other users with Spotify Premium to group "listening parties". In April, Spotify announced a discounted entertainment bundle with video-on-demand provider Hulu , which included discounted rates for university students. In May 2020, Spotify teamed up with ESPN and Netflix to curate podcasts around their Michael Jordan documentary The Last Dance , and in September, Spotify signed

3294-769: A sample from AC/DC 's " Back in Black ". "Remix for P Is Free" contains a sample from Yellowman 's "Zungguzungguguzungguzeng". "The Bridge Is Over" contains the kick and snare drum of the Honey Drippers ' "Impeach the President", an interpolation of a bassline from Super Cat 's "Boops" (played on the studio piano by KRS-One ), and a short melodic and lyrical interpolation of Billy Joel 's " It's Still Rock and Roll to Me ". "Super Hoe" contains samples from Captain Sky 's "Super Sporm" and Esther Williams' "Last Night Changed It All (I Really Had

3416-634: A site of collective memory that functions as ritualized memorializing, a memory bank of the old, new, and dynamic bodily movements, spaces, performers, and performance aesthetics of the New World and Jamaica in particular. These same notions of dancehall as a cultural space are echoed in Norman Stolzoff's Wake the Town and Tell the People . He notes that dancehall is not merely a sphere of passive consumerism, but rather

3538-404: A song of the same name, being used in at least 269 songs by 2006 over the course of 39 years. Peter Manuel and Wayne Marshall noted in 2006 that most songs were set to one of about a dozen riddims that were in vogue, with the exceptions being the work of individual, often high-ranked, artists. Recording over riddims forms the basis of dancehall, with modern dancehall layering vocals over ostinatos;

3660-437: A troubling pattern of behavior by Apple to exclude and diminish the competitiveness of Spotify on iOS and as a rival to Apple Music , particularly when seen against the backdrop of Apple's previous anticompetitive conduct aimed at Spotify ... we cannot stand by as Apple uses the App Store approval process as a weapon to harm competitors." Sewell responded to the letter: "We find it troubling that you are asking for exemptions to

3782-468: Is a Swedish audio streaming and media service provider founded on 23 April 2006 by Daniel Ek and Martin Lorentzon . As of September 2024 , it is one of the largest providers of music streaming services , with over 640 million monthly active users comprising 252 million paying subscribers. Spotify is listed (through a Luxembourg City -domiciled holding company , Spotify Technology S.A. ) on

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3904-486: Is an alternative sphere of active cultural production that acts as a means through which black lower-class youth articulate and project a distinct identity in local, national, and global contexts. Through dancehall, ghetto youths attempt to deal with the endemic problems of poverty, racism, and violence, and in this sense the dancehall acts as a communication center, a relay station, a site where black lower-class culture attains its deepest expression. Thus, dancehall in Jamaica

4026-560: Is available in most of Europe, as well as Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Oceania, with a total availability in 184 markets. Its users and subscribers are based largely in the US and Europe, jointly accounting for around 53% of users and 67% of revenue. It has no presence in mainland China where the market is dominated by QQ Music . The service is available on most devices, including Windows , macOS , and Linux computers, iOS and Android smartphones and tablets, smart home devices such as

4148-405: Is inseparable from sound system culture. The term 'Dancehall', while now typically used in reference to the specific and uniquely Jamaican genre of music, originally referred to a physical location. This location was always an open-air venue from which DJs and later "Toasters", a precursor to MCs, could perform their original mixes and songs for their audience via their sound systems. The openness of

4270-457: Is played. Spotify was founded in 2006 in Stockholm , Sweden, by Daniel Ek , former CTO of Stardoll , and Martin Lorentzon, co-founder of Tradedoubler . According to Ek, the company's title was initially misheard from a name shouted by Lorentzon. Later they conceived a portmanteau of "spot" and "identify". In February 2009, Spotify opened public registration for the free service tier in

4392-492: Is said to coincide with the influx of slack lyrics within dancehall, which objectified women as apparatuses of pleasure. These women would team up with others to form "modeling posses", or "dancehall model" groups, and informally compete with their rivals. This newfound materialism and conspicuity was not, however, exclusive to women or manner of dress. Appearance at dance halls was exceedingly important to acceptance by peers and encompassed everything from clothing and jewelry, to

4514-465: Is the company's slated advisor on the matter. After making its debut on the New York Stock Exchange on 3 April 2018, CNBC reported that Spotify opened at $ 165.90, more than 25% above its reference price of $ 132. On 3 July 2020, cybersecurity firm VPNMentor discovered a database containing 380 million individual records, including the logins and passwords of Spotify users. The database

4636-455: Is usefully maintained in the Jamaican popular cultural context." In discussion of the possibility of a self identifying homosexual dancer performing to homophobic music she writes, "In appropriating the culture and working from within its very center, he produces a bodily performance that gains him power. It is the power or mastery, of parody, and of getting away with it." Ellis not only examines

4758-463: Is well in-tune with the boost of urban acts in the UK rising up, and the rebirth of Grime in 2014. In the late 2010s, a new wave of artists rose to popularity in Jamaica. These artists come from rural parishes, especially Montego Bay , outside of the commercial center of the Jamaican music industry. They are influenced by American trap music , and sometimes refer to lottery scamming in their lyrics. Some of

4880-510: Is what creates a space for queer expression in Jamaica. She describes the phenomenon of all male dance groups that have sprung up within the dancehall scene. These crews dress in matching, tight clothing, often paired with makeup and dyed hair, traditional hallmarks of queerness within Jamaican culture. When they perform together, it is the bodily performance that give the homosexual dancers power. Spotify Spotify ( / ˈ s p ɒ t ɪ f aɪ / ; Swedish: [ˈspɔ̂tːɪfaj] )

5002-525: Is yet another example of the way that the music and dance cultures of the African diaspora have challenged the passive consumerism of mass cultural forms, such as recorded music, by creating a sphere of active cultural production that potentially may transform the prevailing hegemony of society. In Out and Bad: Toward a Queer Performance Hermeneutic in Jamaican Dancehall Nadia Ellis explicates

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5124-583: The Call Her Daddy podcast. In November 2021, Spotify acquired audiobook company Findaway, including its publishing imprint OrangeSky Audio. In December 2021, Spotify acquired Whooshkaa, a podcast tech company that develops specialized technology that allows radio broadcasters to easily turn their existing audio content into on-demand podcast programming. In February 2022, Spotify acquired Chartable and Podsights. Both are podcast advertising companies. In 2022, Spotify Greenroom rebranded as Spotify Live, which

5246-540: The Amazon Echo and Google Nest lines of products, and digital media players like Roku . As of December 2023, Spotify was the 47th most-visited website in the world with 24.78% of its traffic coming from the United States followed by Brazil with 6.51% according to data provided by Semrush . Unlike physical or download sales, which pay artists a fixed price per song or album sold, Spotify pays royalties based on

5368-700: The COVID-19 pandemic , Spotify registered a fall in users in late February, but it has seen a recovery. In March 2022, Spotify had 182 million premium subscribers. At the end of Q2 2022, Spotify reported 188 million paying subscribers and 433 million total users. At the end of Q3 2024, Spotify reported 252 million subscribers and 640 million monthly active users. The Financial Times reported in March 2017 that, as part of its efforts to renegotiate new licensing deals with music labels, Spotify and major record labels had agreed that Spotify would restrict some newly released albums to its Premium tier, with Spotify receiving

5490-793: The New York Stock Exchange in the form of American depositary receipts . Spotify offers digital copyright restricted recorded audio content, including more than 100 million songs and 6 million podcast titles, from record labels and media companies. Operating as a freemium service, the basic features are free with advertisements and limited control, while additional features, such as offline listening and commercial-free listening, are offered via paid subscriptions . Users can search for music based on artist, album, or genre , and can create, edit, and share playlists . It offers some social media features, following friends and creating listening parties called "Jams". As of December 2022, Spotify

5612-455: The Rastafari movement were overtaken by lyrics about dancing, violence and sexuality. Though the revolutionary spirit was present in Jamaica due to this social upheaval, the radio was very conservative and failed to play the people's music. It was this gap that the sound system was able to fill with music that the average Jamaican was more interested in. Alongside this music was the addition of

5734-586: The Weeknd 's 36.068 million. Later that same month, Drake's song " One Dance " became the first song to hit one billion streams on Spotify. Upon its release in August 2017, the single " Look What You Made Me Do " by Taylor Swift earned over eight million streams within 24 hours, breaking the record for the most single-day streams for a track. On 19 June 2018, XXXTentacion 's hit single " Sad! " broke Swift's single-day streaming record, amassing 10.4 million streams

5856-558: The Writers Guild of America, East (before it was owned by Spotify). The union was voluntarily recognized by Ringer management four days later. In February 2020, Spotify announced it was acquiring The Ringer, and inheriting the previously established union. A year later, in April 2021, writers and producers ratified their first collective agreement with Gimlet Media and Ringer. It would last 3 years, with minimum base salary of $ 57,000 for Ringer staff and $ 73,000 for Gimlet producers. There

5978-431: The 1970s. It wasn’t until the 1980s when the style was officially named, staged and promoted on an international scale. In this time digital instrumentation became more prevalent, changing the sound considerably, with digital dancehall (or " ragga ") becoming increasingly characterized by faster rhythms. Key elements of dancehall music include its extensive use of Jamaican Patois rather than Jamaican standard English and

6100-401: The 30% transaction fee for in-app purchases required for iOS applications by technology company Apple Inc. A later update to the Spotify app on iOS was rejected by Apple, prompting Spotify's general counsel Horacio Gutierrez to write a letter to Apple's then-general counsel Bruce Sewell, stating: "This latest episode raises serious concerns under both U.S. and EU competition law. It continues

6222-721: The Apple App Store platform. Additionally, Apple stated that they have attempted to work with Spotify to integrate the service better with Apple's products, such as Siri and Apple Watch. In 2019, under iOS 13 , it became possible to play Spotify music using Siri commands. Spotify was one of the first companies to support Epic Games in their lawsuit against Apple , which was filed after Epic also tried to bypass Apple's 30% fee for microtransactions in Fortnite . In September 2020, Spotify, Epic, and other companies founded The Coalition for App Fairness , which aims for better conditions for

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6344-629: The Boogie Down Productions moniker and billing himself as a solo performer. R.E.M. and others recruited him for collaborations, and he was among the few hip-hop acts at the Beastie Boys ' Tibetan Freedom Concerts . Meanwhile, Criminal Minded became notoriously hard to find, falling in and out of print every few years, surfacing with a different distributor every time. Eventually, the Boston-based independent label LandSpeed Records purchased

6466-447: The DJs providing the vocals thus, in the words of Manuel and Marshall, carry the song, unlike older dancehall where vocals were interwoven with full songs. These practices' roots can be described with the concept of families of resemblance as coined by George Lipsitz in 1986 – similarities between other groups' experiences and cultures (Lipsitz, p. 160).  Here, the term might describe

6588-617: The MT-40, a practice that first became popular in 1985 with the release of ' Under Mi Sleng Teng ,' whose success made the accessibility of digitally-composed riddims apparent (Manuel-Marshall, p. 453). A single riddim can be used in multiple songs, paired with different sets of lyrics, and the inverse is also possible with a single set of lyrics being attached to different riddims.  Riddims and lyric sets are not exclusive to any one artist, and these can be and are spread around with one particular riddim, ' Real Rock ,' first recorded in 1967 for

6710-685: The Media and Here's the Thing . Spotify also announced that the third season of WNYC Studios' 2 Dope Queens podcast would premiere with a two-week exclusivity period on the service on 21 March 2017. The Waze partnership allows Waze app users to view directions to destinations within the Spotify app and access their Spotify playlists through the Waze app. In October 2017, Microsoft announced that it would be ending its Groove Music streaming service by December, with all music from users transferring to Spotify as part of

6832-424: The Premium service tier for a maximum of two weeks. Spotify CEO Daniel Ek commented that "We know that not every album by every artist should be released the same way, and we've worked hard with UMG to develop a new, flexible release policy. Starting today, Universal artists can choose to release new albums on premium only for two weeks, offering subscribers an earlier chance to explore the complete creative work, while

6954-518: The Top 10 Rap Albums. In 2003, the album was ranked number 444 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time , and was later ranked 239 in the 2020 edition. Complex named the song "South Bronx" as the ninth-best hip hop dis song of all-time. In 2017, rapper MC Ren named Criminal Minded as his all-time favorite hip hop album. MC Ren also heavily sampled "The Bridge Is Over" on his 1992 single " Final Frontier ". "This album

7076-653: The US Billboard Hot 100 . Unlike earlier Dancehall, this new evolution was characterized by structures of music commonly heard in mainstream pop music , such as repeated choruses, melodic tunes, and hooks . Some lyrics were cleaner and featured less sexual content and profanity. At this point it was a part of the public consciousness. Cross-genre collaborations soon became normalized, with songs such as Beyonce & Sean Paul 's 2003 hit " Baby Boy " and Beenie Man & Mya 's 2000 single " Girls Dem Sugar ." Alongside this growth many crews were formed by men, women or

7198-511: The United Kingdom. Registrations surged following the release of the mobile service, leading Spotify to halt registration for the free service in September, returning the UK to an invitation-only policy. Spotify launched in the United States in July 2011, and offered a six-month, ad-supported trial period, during which new users could listen to an unlimited amount of music for free. In January 2012,

7320-665: The United States, in December 2012. By March 2013, the service had 24 million active users, six million being paying subscribers, which grew to 40 million users (including ten million paying) in May 2014, 60 million users (including 15 million paying) in December 2014, 75 million users (20 million paying) in June 2015, 30 million paying subscribers in March 2016, 40 million paying subscribers in September 2016, and 100 million total users in June 2016. In April 2020, Spotify reached 133 million premium users. In countries affected by

7442-651: The Wombats . The testing was very limited in nature and was only available on Spotify's Android app in the US. In May 2023, Spotify removed tens of thousands of songs, roughly 7% of the tracks uploaded by the Boomy, due to suspected "artificial streaming", the practice of using online bots to inflate the listening statistics. The key trends for Spotify Technology are (as of the financial year ending 31 December): Spotify recognizes trade unions at its US podcasting subsidiaries The Ringer and Spotify Studios since 2019. In Germany,

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7564-410: The album sold at least several hundred thousand copies; however, the relationship between the group and B-Boy Records quickly deteriorated when the label, headed by Jack Allen and Bill Kamarra, was allegedly slow to pay royalties. A lawsuit was launched, which was eventually settled out-of-court. Having left B-Boy Records, new friend Ice-T introduced BDP to Warner Bros. Records ' Benny Medina , head of

7686-564: The appreciation of a live audience, with underground sound clash cassettes often documenting the violence that came with such rivalries. Yellowman, one of the most successful early dancehall artists, became the first Jamaican deejay to be signed to a major American record label, and for a time enjoyed a level of popularity in Jamaica to rival Bob Marley 's peak. Yellowman often incorporated sexually explicit lyrics into his songs, which became known as "slackness." He did this to address his radical opinions on society through sex and politics due to

7808-422: The beat with grunts and telephones and dim backtalk, he was spare and rich simultaneously. Music will miss him more than Jaco Pastorius and Will Shatter put together. In 1998, Criminal Minded was selected by The Source as one of the 100 Best Rap Albums. Vibe included it in its list of the 100 Essential Albums of the 20th Century in 1999, and in 2002, the magazine placed it at number three on its list of

7930-417: The change from the socialist government of Michael Manley ( People's National Party ) to Edward Seaga ( Jamaica Labour Party ), were reflected in the shift away from the more internationally oriented roots reggae towards a style geared more towards local consumption and in tune with the music that Jamaicans had experienced when sound systems performed live. Themes of social injustice, repatriation and

8052-414: The company's ability to recruit top talent as Spotify grew, including access to flexible housing, better education in the programming and development fields, and stock options. Ek and Lorentzon wrote that to continue competing in a global economy, politicians needed to respond with new policies, or thousands of Spotify jobs would be moved from Sweden to the United States. In February 2017, Spotify announced

8174-434: The company's personalized playlists, better match songs with compositions, and improve the company's publishing data system. Later that month, Spotify also acquired MightyTV, an app connected to television streaming services, including Netflix and HBO Go , that recommends content to users. Spotify intended to use MightyTV to improve its advertising efforts on the free tier of service. In April 2017, they acquired Mediachain,

8296-406: The concept of remixing. As a result, production level and sound system quality were critical to Jamaica's budding music industry. Since many locals couldn't afford sound systems in their home, listening to one at a dance party or at a festival was their entry into audible bliss. Stage shows were also an entry for exposing artists to bigger audiences. Writer Brougtton and Brewster's book Last Night

8418-432: The culture of combined homophobia and unabashed queerness within Jamaican dancehall culture. She details the particular importance of the phrase "out and bad" to Jamaica when she writes, "This phrase is of queer hermeneutical possibility in Jamaican dancehall because it registers a dialectic between queer and gay that is never resolved, that relays back and forth, producing an uncertainty about sexual identity and behavior that

8540-427: The dancehall reggae world by storm. Many credit this song as being the first digital rhythm in reggae, featuring a rhythm from a digital keyboard. However, The "Sleng Teng" rhythm was used in over 200 subsequent recordings. This deejay-led, largely synthesized chanting with musical accompaniment departed from traditional conceptions of Jamaican popular musical entertainment. Dub poet Mutabaruka said, "if 1970s reggae

8662-537: The day after he was fatally shot in Florida. In March 2011, Spotify announced a customer base of 1 million paying subscribers across Europe, and by September 2011, the number of paying subscribers had doubled to two million. In August 2012, Time reported 15 million active users, four million being paying Spotify subscribers. User growth continued, reaching 20 million total active users, including five million paying customers globally and one million paying customers in

8784-463: The deejay would rap or "toast" over came from earlier reggae songs from the 1960s and 1970s. Ragga, specifically, refers to modern dancehall, where a deejay particularly toasts over digital (electrical) rhythms. Sound systems and the development of other musical technology heavily influenced dancehall music. The music needed to "get where the radio didn't reach" because Jamaicans often were outside without radios. Yet they eventually found their way into

8906-432: The development of Reggae en Español . By the early 2000s, Dancehall had gained mainstream popularity in Jamaica, as well as in the United States, Canada, Australasia and Western parts of Europe. There was also a big evolution in sound allowing artists to refine and broaden the genre. This was first seen with artists such as Sean Paul , whose single " Get Busy " (2003) became the first dancehall single to reach number one on

9028-468: The development of products that help artists understand, activate, and monetize their audiences". In November 2016, Spotify acquired Preact, a "cloud-based platform and service developed for companies that operate on subscription models which helps reduce churn and build up their subscriber numbers". In March 2017, Spotify acquired Sonalytic, an audio detection startup, for an undisclosed amount of money. Spotify stated that Sonalytic would be used to improve

9150-420: The disenfranchised selves in postcolonial Jamaica that occupy and creatively sustain that space. Structured by the urban, a space that is limited, limiting, and marginal yet central to communal, even national, identity, dancehall's identity is as contradictory and competitive as it is sacred. Some of Jamaica's significant memories of itself are inscribed in the dancehall space, and therefore dancehall can be seen as

9272-631: The expansion of its United States operations in Lower Manhattan , New York City, at 4 World Trade Center , adding approximately 1,000 new jobs and retaining 832 existing positions. The company's US headquarters are in New York City's Flatiron District . On 14 November 2018, the company announced 13 new markets in the MENA region, including the creation of a new Arabic hub and several playlists. In October 2015, " Thinking Out Loud " by Ed Sheeran became

9394-487: The failed Jamaican experiment of socialism while under Prime Minister Michael Manley. The early 1980s also saw the emergence of female deejays in dancehall music, such as Lady G , Lady Saw , and Sister Nancy . Other female dancehall stars include artistes like Diana King and in the late 1990s to the 2000s Ce'cile , Spice , Macka Diamond and more. Beenie Man , Bounty Killer , Mad Cobra , Ninjaman , Buju Banton , and Super Cat becoming major DJs in Jamaica. With

9516-459: The fashion, art, and dance that came along with it. This made Dancehall both a genre, and a way of life. In contrast to roots reggae, which aimed for respectability and international recognition, dancehall did not hesitate in dealing with the day-by-day realities and basal interests of the average Jamaican—especially that of lower classes—and observing society in a provocative, gritty, and often vulgar manner. Since this put spreading via radio out of

9638-491: The first hip-hop songs to be based around a first-person crime narrative, and "P Is Free", which details an encounter with a drug-abusing prostitute . The liner notes of Criminal Minded read, "Peace to Ron Nelson and the Toronto posse." This statement is evidence of BDP's involvement with Toronto's hip hop scene in the 1980s, which produced artists such as Michie Mee , Dream Warriors , and Maestro Fresh Wes . Initially,

9760-549: The first resort. I could do without the turf war, too—from the Lower East Side , not to mention Kingston or Kinshasa (or Podunk ), Queens and the South Bronx are both def enough. But his mind is complex and exemplary—he's sharp and articulate, his idealism more than a gang-code and his confusion profound. And Scott LaRock was a genius. Sampling blues metal as well as James Brown , spinning grooves to toast by, blind-siding

9882-586: The first song to pass 500 million streams. A month later, Spotify announced that " Lean On " by Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ was its most-streamed song of all time with over 525 million streams worldwide. In April 2016, Rihanna overtook Justin Bieber to become the biggest artist on Spotify, with 31.3 million monthly active listeners. In May 2016, Rihanna was overtaken by Drake with 31.85 million monthly listeners. In December 2016, Drake's just-under 36 million monthly listeners were overtaken by

10004-521: The first version of its Apple Watch app in November 2018, allowing playback control of the iPhone via the watch. Users can also choose which devices to play music on via Bluetooth. In a further escalation of the dispute with Apple, on 13 March 2019, Spotify filed an antitrust complaint with the European Commission over unfair app store practices. Two days later, Apple responded, stating that the claim

10126-547: The free trial periods began to expire, limiting users to ten hours of streaming each month and five plays per song. Using PC streaming, a similar structure to the one used today allowed the listener to play songs freely, but with ads every 4–7 songs depending on listening duration. Later that same year, in March, Spotify removed all limits on the free service tier indefinitely, including mobile devices. In April 2016, Ek and Lorentzon wrote an open letter to Swedish politicians, demanding action in three areas that they claimed hindered

10248-503: The genre into the Western music mainstream. Dancehall is named after Jamaican dance halls in which popular Jamaican recordings were played by local sound systems . It both refers to the music and dance style. It faced criticism for negatively influencing Jamaican culture and portraying gangster lifestyles in a praiseworthy way. Dancehall music, also called ragga or dub, is a style of Jamaican popular music that had its genesis in

10370-1023: The genre's modern era. Dancehall saw a new wave of popularity in Western markets in the mid-late 2010s, with immense commercial success being achieved by a number of dancehall-pop singles, including Rihanna's " Work " (2016) and Drake's " One Dance " and " Controlla " (2016). Dancehall also reached the attention of many R&B artists who continued to change and evolve the genre. A variety of western artists have spoken of being inspired by Dancehall music, including Major Lazer , whose commercially successful singles Lean On (2015), Light It Up (2015) and Run Up (2017) all heavily rely upon dancehall music. Several hip-hop and R&B artists have also released material inspired by dancehall music, including Drake , who has cited Vybz Kartel as one of his "biggest inspirations." In 2014, Drake took an interest into Popcaan and linked him up with MixPak producer Dre Skull to release his debut album 'Where We Come From'. This saw huge commercial success and went on to receive

10492-426: The globe. In November 2021, Spotify hid the "shuffle" button for albums following a request by singer Adele , arguing that tracks in albums are supposed to be played back in the order specified by the artist to "tell a story". In May 2022, Spotify began testing a feature that would allow select artists to promote their NFTs via their profiles. Some artists included in this initial test phase were Steve Aoki and

10614-414: The group should continue. A handful of friends were brought into the collective, including Parker's new wife Ms. Melodie and brother Kenny Parker, with whom he had just recently reunited. Original member and Criminal Minded co-producer Lee Smith was dropped by Parker in pursuit of a deal. Signing with Jive / RCA Records , Parker recorded eight albums for that label in a 10-year period, eventually dropping

10736-414: The inclusion of apps in app stores . On 1 March 2021, Spotify confirmed that its platform would no longer have access to music from artists represented by Kakao Entertainment . However, after talking it out and renewing the contracts between the two, Spotify later announced that they had reached an agreement with Kakao Entertainment, allowing their content to be available once again on the platform across

10858-420: The intersection of queerness and masculinity within the Jamaican dancehall scene, but suggests that the overt homophobia of certain dancehall music actually creates a space for queer expression. In general, homosexuality and queerness are still stigmatized in dancehalls. In fact, some of the songs used during dancehall sessions contain blatant homophobic lyrics. Ellis argues, however, this explicit, violent rhetoric

10980-525: The label's Black-music division, who promptly agreed to sign the duo in principle to a new record deal. However, the Warner Brothers deal was later rescinded after Scott La Rock's murder. By this time, Sterling had befriended a neighborhood teenager named Derrick "D-Nice" Jones , who did a human beatboxing routine for the group. One evening, Jones was assaulted by some local hoodlums and he later called Sterling to run interference. The next day, Sterling and

11102-705: The links between different artists via shared riddims and lyric sets and through common experiences incorporated into the music. Donna P. Hope defines dancehall culture as a "space for the cultural creation and dissemination of symbols and ideologies that reflect the lived realities of its adherents, particularly those from the inner cities of Jamaica." Dancehall culture actively creates a space for its "affectors" (creators of dancehall culture) and its "affectees" (consumers of dancehall culture) to take control of their own representation, contest conventional relationships of power, and exercise some level of cultural, social and even political autonomy. Kingsley Stewart outlines ten of

11224-442: The major cultural imperatives or principles that constitute the dancehall worldview. They are: Such a drastic change in the popular music of the region generated an equally radical transformation in fashion trends, specifically those of its female faction. In lieu of traditional, modest "rootsy" styles, as dictated by Rastafari-inspired gender roles; women began donning flashy, revealing – sometimes X-rated outfits. This transformation

11346-646: The most popular artists in this style are Chronic Law, Rygin King, and Squash. Three major elements of Jamaican dancehall music are the use of digital instruments, particularly the Casio Casiotone MT-40 electronic keyboard, the Oberheim DX drum machine, and the use of riddims , instrumentals to which lyrics are added, resulting in an unusual process of creating songs from separate components. More specifically, many riddims are created using digital instruments like

11468-486: The music licensing platform Loudr. In August 2018, Spotify bought the exclusive rights to The Joe Budden Podcast and expanded the show to a twice-weekly schedule. On 6 February 2019, Spotify acquired the podcast networks Gimlet Media and Anchor FM Inc., with the goal of establishing themselves as a leading figure in podcasting. On 26 March 2019, Spotify announced they would acquire another podcast network, Parcast . On 12 September 2019, Spotify acquired SoundBetter,

11590-403: The nature and type of events and venues, and their use and function. Most notable is the way in which dancehall occupies a liminal space between what is celebrated and at the same time denigrated in Jamaica and how it moves from private community to public and commercial enterprise. In Kingston's Dancehall: A Story of Space and Celebration , she writes: Dancehall is ultimately a celebration of

11712-449: The number of artist streams as a proportion of total songs streamed. It distributes approximately 70% of its total revenue to rights holders (often record labels), who then pay artists based on individual agreements. While certain musicians have voiced objections to Spotify's royalty structure and its effect on record sales, others laud the service for offering a lawful option to combat piracy and for remunerating artists each time their music

11834-417: The people came to see along with their own original sounds. With the extreme volume and low bass frequencies of the sound systems local people might very well feel the vibrations of the sounds before they could even hear them, though the sound itself did travel for miles. This visceral sensory pleasure acted as an auditory beacon, redefining musical experience. Jamaica was one of the first cultures to pioneer

11956-498: The physicality of that sound was a strategic puzzle left for musicians to solve. If you read the archives of the Jamaica Gleaner Newspaper you will begin to realize the context written; there was a venue like the lawns where music was played and a style on the rhythms but it was different from what was being “projected” as Reggae and had no name until Michael Tomlinson head of InnerCity Promotion and Lois Grant(Partners at

12078-403: The podcast would be available exclusively on Spotify beginning 1 July, saying they would continue to maintain the same creative control over the show after the move. Locker Room was rebranded in June 2021 as Spotify Greenroom , and turned into a Clubhouse competitor. The same month, Spotify acquired Podz, a podcast discovery startup. Also the same month, Spotify bought the exclusive rights to

12200-415: The political turbulence of the late 1970s and became Jamaica's dominant music in the 1980s and ’90s. It was also originally called Bashment music when Jamaican dancehalls began to gain popularity. They began in the late 1970s among lower and working-class people from the inner city of Kingston , who were not able to participate in dances uptown. Social and political changes in late-1970s Jamaica, including

12322-470: The popular podcast The Joe Rogan Experience beginning in September of that year, under an agreement valued at around US$ 100 million (equivalent to $ 116,000,000 in 2023). In November 2020, Spotify announced plans to acquire Megaphone from The Slate Group for US$ 235 million . In March 2021, Spotify acquired app developer Betty Labs and their live social audio app, Locker Room, On 12 May 2021. Armchair Expert announced on Instagram that

12444-407: The question, dancehall initially gained popularity only through live performances in sound systems and specialized record dealing. Dancehall's violent lyrics, which garnered the genre much criticism since its very inception, stem from the political turbulence and gang violence of late 1970s Jamaica. In the early days of dancehall, the prerecorded rhythm tracks (bass guitar and drums) or "dub" that

12566-904: The rights of the B-Boy Records catalogue, hence a re-release in 2002. An expanded re-release titled The Best of B-Boy Records: Boogie Down Productions includes longer versions of the album's tracks and several 12-inch singles that didn't make Criminal Minded' s original pressing. On Spotify this bumper pack is simply known as Criminal Minded (Deluxe). The album was re-released again in 2006—original art intact—when LandSpeed became Traffic Entertainment Group . Criminal Minded has been well received by critics. In 1988, for The Village Voice , Robert Christgau wrote in his "Consumer Guide" column: Though one's moralistic quibbles do recede as history demonstrates how much worse things can get and how little music has to do with it, KRS-One's talk of fucking virgins and blowing brains out will never make him my B-boy of

12688-523: The rivalry with the Brooklyn-bred but Queens resident emcee MC Shan and the Juice Crew . Throughout the album, KRS-One gives honor and praise to Scott La Rock for producing the album and he mostly goes on about the importance of originality and being "real" instead of a "Sucker MC". In 2003, the album was ranked number 444 on Rolling Stone ' s list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time", and

12810-463: The rules we apply to all developers and are publicly resorting to rumors and half-truths about our service." He also elaborated that "Our guidelines apply equally to all app developers, whether they are game developers, e-book sellers, video-streaming services or digital music distributors; and regardless of whether they compete against Apple. We did not alter our behavior or our rules when we introduced our own music streaming service or when Spotify became

12932-516: The singles are available across Spotify for all our listeners to enjoy". It was announced later in April that this type of agreement would be extended to indie artists signed to the Merlin Network agency. Spotify went public on the stock market in April 2018 using a direct public offering rather than an initial public offering . This approach is not intended to raise fresh capital, but to let investors get their returns. Morgan Stanley

13054-475: The space of entertainment to journalist, radio and TV managers, some who refused to run the commercials or play the music to promote the DanceHall series.The series continued into the early 1990s, the team Michael “Savage” Tomlinson and Lois Grant played an important role in nurturing and promoting the young talents of the inner city and sound system culture. Through their DanceHall live concerts, many performers found

13176-431: The streets. However, because the audience of dancehall sessions were lower-class people, it was extremely important that they be able to hear music. Sound systems allowed people to listen to music without having to buy a radio. Therefore, the dancehall culture grew as the use of technology and sound systems got better. The Jamaican dancehall scene was one created out of creativity and a desire for accessibility, and one that

13298-399: The three trade unions Unionen and Engineers of Sweden (affiliate of SACO ) in August 2023. The three unions petitioned Spotify to negotiate back in May. 90% of Swedish workers are covered by collective agreements . In tech companies bargaining coverage is less common. Swedish labor disputes are also happening at Tesla and Klarna as of 2024 . In November 2022, Henry Catalini Smith,

13420-404: The time) staged an event that changed the culture titled "DanceHall" one word… Before this event Dance And Hall (two words) were used in Jamaican lingo; but it did not represent the music of the culture but rather the venue where music was played. Their promotion company through a series of concerts led to the then emerging music which they labelled, "DanceHall" with the year of its staging, creating

13542-433: The types of vehicles driven, to the sizes of each respective gang or "crew", and was equally important to both sexes. One major theme behind dancehall is that of space. Sonjah Stanley Niaah , in her article "Mapping Black Atlantic Performance Geographies", says Dancehall occupies multiple spatial dimensions (urban, street, police, marginal, gendered, performance, liminal, memorializing, communal), which are revealed through

13664-465: The venue paired with the innately mobile nature of the sound system, allowed performers to come to the people. Inner city communities were able to gather for fun and celebration. It was all about experiencing a vibrant and trendsetting movement. Krista Thompson 's book Shine further expresses the experience of this trendsetting movement and how particularly women were able to confront gender ideologies to enact change. The use of video light specifically

13786-418: Was a way to express oneself and seek visibility in the social sphere in order to be recognized as citizens in a postcolonial Jamaican society. At the onset of the dancehall scene, sound systems were the only way that some Jamaican audiences might hear the latest songs from a popular artist. Through time, it transformed to where the purveyors of the sound systems were the artists themselves and they became whom

13908-727: Was incarcerated in 2011. It has been said that Popcaan's success is largely due to early support from Vybz Kartel (KOTD) and more recent support from Drake . By 2016, Dancehall had re-emerged into global popularity, artists such as Alkaline , Popcaan , Spice , Aidonia and Rygin King are known as some of the most profound and active artists of this period to date. There have also been prominent global collaborations with dancehall artist such as Beyonce & Shatta Wale's 'Already', Davido & Popcaan on 'Story', and Stefflon Don & French Montana on 'Hurtin' me'. Since 2017, Dancehall artists from Jamaica have been frequently collaborating with UK acts such as Chip , Stefflon Don and J Hus . This

14030-569: Was later ranked number 239 in the 2020 edition. Production on the LP is credited to Blastmaster' KRS-One (Lawrence Krisna Parker) and DJ Scott La Rock (Scott Sterling), with a special thanks to Ced-Gee (Cedric Miller) of The Ultramagnetic MCs on the back cover. The cover, which showcases Parker and Sterling surrounded by an arsenal of weapons, was hip-hop's first major release to feature members brandishing firearms . The album also contained several seminal hardcore songs such as "9mm Goes Bang", one of

14152-532: Was misleading rhetoric and that Spotify wanted benefits of a free app without being a free app. Spotify responded with a statement calling Apple a monopolist and stated that they had only filed the complaint as Apple's actions hurt competition and consumers and clearly violated the law. It also said that Apple believed Spotify users on the app store were Apple's customers and not Spotify's. Apple responded to Spotify's claims by counter-claiming that Spotify's market reach and user base would not have been possible without

14274-851: Was red, green and gold, then in the next decade it was gold chains". It was far removed from reggae's gentle roots and culture, and there was much debate among purists as to whether it should be considered an extension of reggae. This shift in style again saw the emergence of a new generation of artists, such as Sean Paul , Capleton , Beenie Man and Shabba Ranks , who became famous ragga stars. A new set of producers also came to prominence: Philip "Fatis" Burrell , Dave "Rude Boy" Kelly , George Phang , Hugh "Redman" James, Donovan Germain , Bobby Digital , Wycliffe "Steely" Johnson and Cleveland "Clevie" Brown (aka Steely & Clevie ) rose to challenge Sly & Robbie 's position as Jamaica's leading rhythm section. The faster tempo and simpler electronic beat of late-1980s and early-1990s dancehall greatly influenced

14396-825: Was so important to me. I'd never seen so many weapons on a cover before. It didn't look like a photoshoot: it looked like they really were in the street, doing shit they shouldn't have been. It was the first record where blatant disrespect to an area was thoroughly embraced – even by the guys in Queensbridge , the neighbourhood that KRS-One was attacking!" – Busta Rhymes [*] Bonus track found on later pressings. "Poetry" contains samples from James Brown 's " Soul Power Pt. 1", "The Boss", and "Don't Tell It" (scratches by TR Love). "South Bronx" contains samples from James Brown's " Get Up Offa That Thing " and " Get Up, Get Into It, Get Involved ". "Word from Our Sponsor" contains samples from First Choice 's "Love Thang". "Dope Beat" contains

14518-492: Was subsequently planned to be shut down in April 2023. In June 2022, Spotify acquired Sonantic, a synthetic voice and video developer. In July 2022, Spotify acquired Heardle , a Wordle -inspired music trivia game, for an undisclosed amount; Heardle was shut down in May 2023. In October 2022, Spotify acquired the Dublin -based content moderation startup, Kinzen. In 2023, Spotify merged Anchor into their Spotify for Podcasters tool,

14640-478: Was the music, and so it gained a lot of popularity overtime. Back in Jamaica hand-made posters were used not just to pull in would-be attendees to parties and dances. This process of making vibrant and colorful posters soon became an icon of the genre. It had helped in providing visual aesthetic of how Dancehalls had taken up the space and grown in the country. King Jammy 's 1985 hit, " (Under Me) Sleng Teng " by Wayne Smith , with an entirely-digital rhythm hook took

14762-492: Was thought to be evidence of an impending credential stuffing cyberattack targeting Spotify as it contained the credentials of up to 350,000 compromised user accounts. In response to the attack, Spotify issued a rolling reset of passwords for affected accounts in November 2020. In May 2013, Spotify acquired music discovery app Tunigo. In March 2014, they acquired The Echo Nest , a music intelligence company. In June 2015, Spotify announced they had acquired Seed Scientific,

14884-466: Was to officially launch the name of the series “DanceHall.”InnerCity Promotions was responsible for establishing and promoting numerous events which was significant because it marked the beginnings of the music's recognition as the "DanceHall" genre. Mr. Tomlinson triumph is one to share for generations as he opened the door for a new art in a sense to emerge from it beginnings. The journey began with massive opposition received from those who wanted to control

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