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20-799: The 3rd Army Corps (Russian: 3-й армейский корпус) was one of the main formations of the Armed Forces of South Russia (Russian: Вооружённых Сил Юга России, ВСЮР; VSUR) during the Russian Civil War . This army unit was first known as the Crimean-Azov Army formed in VSYUR on January 10, 1919 on the basis of the Crimean-Azov Corps itself formed in December 1918. In May 1919 the Crimean-Azov Army

40-1323: A Government of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of South Russia (Правительством при Главнокомандующем ВСЮР; Pravitel'stvom pri Glavnokomanduyushchem VSYuR ) and, in March 1920, the South Russian Government . [REDACTED] Volunteer Army (known as Caucasian Volunteer Army from 23 January – 22 May 1919), commanded by Gen. Anton Denikin (April 1918 – April 1920) [REDACTED] Caucasus Army (split from Caucasian Volunteer Army on 22 May 1919), commanded by Lt. Gen. Pyotr Wrangel (21 May – 8 December 1919) and Lt. Gen. Viktor Pokrovsky (9 December 1919 – 8 February 1920) [REDACTED] Don Army (joined AFSR on 23 February 1919), commanded by Gen. Vladimir Sidorin (February 1919 and April 1920) Turkestan Army (formed on 22 January 1919), commanded by Ippolit Savitsky (April – July 1919), Aleksander Borovsky (July – October 1919) and Boris Kazanovich (October 1919 – February 1920). Volunteer Army The Volunteer Army began forming in November/December 1917 under

60-670: Is often used as a shorthand description for all the White Russian forces in the South Russia area, the actual names of the formation are: The army was unable to put forward a political idea that was understandable to the majority of the population. A struggle against the Bolsheviks was proclaimed, after which the Constituent Assembly would choose a form of government suitable for Russia. This turned out to be not enough. Officers before

80-710: The Caucasus Army and the Volunteer Army , which would later be joined by the Don Army , created from the remnants of Krasnov's Cossack Army. After capturing Donbas , Tsaritsyn , and Kharkov in June 1919, Denikin began advancing towards Moscow on June 20 (July 3). According to his plan, the main blow to Moscow was to be inflicted by the Volunteer Army (40,000 men) under the command of General Vladimir May-Mayevsky . Some of

100-685: The Kuban Offensive , with General Pyotr Krasnov 's support. By September 1918, the Volunteer Army was up to 30,000 to 35,000 men thanks to the mobilization of the Kuban Cossacks and what the Bolsheviks classified as "counterrevolutionary elements" gathered in the North Caucasus , taking the name of Caucasus Volunteer Army . In the autumn of 1918, Great Britain , France and the United States increased their material and technical assistance to

120-515: The Red Army . The Volunteer Army continued to exist from 22 May 1919 until 26/27 March 1920, when the remaining troops were evacuated from Novorossiysk to Crimea . Most then merged there with Wrangel's forces. In early April 1920, Anton Denikin , commander-in-chief of the AFSR, delegated all authority to Pyotr Wrangel , who took command of the so-called Russian Army , which included all remaining units of

140-606: The Volunteer Army and the Don Army . Subsequently, it included the Crimean-Azov Army , the Forces of Northern Caucasus and the Turkestan Army . By October 1919, the army had 150,000 soldiers, which included 48,000 horsemen. The British had supplied 280,000 rifles, 4,898 machine guns, 917 cannons, 102 tanks, 194 airplanes 1,335 automobiles, 112 tractors, and what became known as Wrangel's fleet . In May 1919, Denikin reorganized

160-563: The AFSR after its defeat in Northern Caucasus. The General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia ( Russian : Особое совещание при Главкоме ВСЮР Osoboye soveschaniye pri Glavkome VSYuR ) was an administrative body in southern Russia in 1919 and 1920 performing government functions in the territory controlled by the troops of the Russian White movement 's Volunteer Army and the Armed Forces of South Russia. The predecessor to

180-662: The Armed Forces of South Russia. Vladimir May-Mayevsky took command of the Volunteer Army, known formerly as the Caucasian Volunteer Army. Sidorin took command of the Don army, while Wrangel took command of the Caucasian Army, consisting mainly of the Kuban Cossacks. The Caucasus Army disbanded on 29 January 1920 and was replaced by the short-lived Kuban Army. Troops of the Kuban Army ended up surrendering by 18–20 April 1920 to

200-583: The General Command was the Political Council (Политический совет; Političeskij sovet ) established in December 1917. In 1918, due to an increasing amount of territory falling under control of the Volunteer Army, the issue of civilian administration became more consequential. On 31 August 1918, the General Command was established under General Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev . The functions of the General Command were clarified on 3 October 1918. The head of

220-535: The Volunteer Army suffered a decisive defeat and retreated south. In early 1920, it retreated to the areas beyond the Don region and was reduced to a corps of 5,000 men under the command of General Alexander Kutepov . On March 26 and March 27, 1920, the Volunteer Army's remnants were evacuated from Novorossiysk to the Crimea , where they merged with the Army of Wrangel under General Pyotr Wrangel . The term "Volunteer Army"

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240-550: The Volunteer Army to retreat from Rostov-on-Don to Kuban in order to unite with the Kuban Cossack formations, a retreat known as the Ice March . However, most Kuban Cossacks did not support the Volunteer Army, and only a small unit (3,000 men) led by General Viktor Pokrovsky joined the Volunteer Army on March 26, 1918, increasing its number to 6,000 troops. The Volunteer Army's attempt to capture Yekaterinodar between April 9–13

260-453: The Volunteer Army would be chairman of the General Command which would serve as an advisory body to the head. On 8 October 1918, following the death of General Alekseyev, the role of Supreme Leader was given to General Anton Denikin . Chairmen of the command were Abram Dragomirov (October 1918–September 1919) and Alexander Lukomsky (September–December 1919). The General Command was abolished on 30 December 1919 by Denikin and replaced with

280-530: The Volunteer Army's units and formations possessed good military skills and fighting strength due to large numbers of officers in its ranks, who hated and despised the Bolsheviks. However, the Volunteer Army's fighting efficiency decreased in the summer of 1919 in light of significant losses and conscription of mobilized peasants and even captured Red Army soldiers. During the Red Army's counteroffensive in October 1919,

300-641: The Volunteer Army. With the Entente's support, the forces of the South Russian Whites combined to form the so-called Armed Forces of South Russia ( Вооружённые силы Юга России , Vooruzhenniye sily Yuga Rossii ) led by Denikin. In late 1918 to early 1919, Denikin defeated the 11th Soviet Army and captured the North Caucasus region. In January 1919, the Caucasus Volunteer Army was divided into

320-545: The leadership of General Mikhail Alekseyev and General Lavr Kornilov in Novocherkassk , shortly after the Russian Civil War began following the October Revolution . It organized to fight against the Bolsheviks in South Russia. Alekseyev and Kornilov enlisted supporters, which initially included volunteering officers , cadets , students, and Cossacks . Of the first 3,000 recruits, only twelve were ordinary soldiers;

340-460: The rest were officers, some of whom resented having to serve as privates . On December 27, 1917 (January 9, 1918), the creation of the Volunteer Army was officially announced, with Alekseyev becoming its overall leader, Kornilov as its Commander-in-chief , General Alexander Lukomsky as its Chief of Staff , General Anton Denikin commander of the 1st Division , and General Sergey Markov as commander of 1st Officers regiment . They also created

360-417: The so-called "Special Council" at the headquarters, which included prominent civilian politicians such as Peter Struve , Pavel Milyukov , Mikhail Rodzianko , Sergey Sazonov and Boris Savinkov . In early February 1918, the Volunteer Army numbered more than 3,600 men. It fought against the Red Army together with units of General Alexey Kaledin 's forces. In late February, the Red Army's advance forced

380-460: Was a disaster, with Kornilov being killed in battle when he was hit by an artillery shell. Denikin took over command of the remnants of the Volunteer Army and left for the remote stanitsas beyond the Don River region. In June 1918, 3,000 men under Colonel Mikhail Drozdovsky 's command joined the Volunteer Army, strengthening it to between 8,000 to 9,000 men. On June 23, the Volunteer Army began

400-470: Was transformed into the 3rd Army Corps. Armed Forces of South Russia The Armed Forces of South Russia (AFSR or SRAF) ( Russian : Вооружённые силы Юга России , romanized :  Vooruzhyonniye sily Yuga Rossii, VSYuR ) were the unified military forces of the White movement in southern Russia between 1919 and 1920. On 8 January 1919, the Armed Forces of South Russia were formed, incorporating

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