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53-513: Creative Capital is a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization based in New York City that supports artists across the United States through funding, counsel, gatherings, and career development services. Since its founding in 1999, Creative Capital has committed over $ 50 million in project funding and advisory support to 631 projects representing 783 artists and has worked with thousands more artists across

106-505: A budget that retained NEA funding. The White House budget proposed for fiscal year 2018 again called for elimination of funding, but Congress retained the funding for another year. Nancy Hanks , the second chairman, was appointed by President Richard Nixon, continuing her service under Gerald Ford. During her eight-year tenure, the NEA's funding increased from $ 8 million to $ 114 million. According to Elaine A. King : Sheryl Oring Oring

159-459: A compromise bill to save the Endowment. The Williams-Coleman substitute increased funding to states arts councils for new programs to expand access to the arts in rural and inner city areas, leave the obscenity determination to the courts, and altered the composition of the review panels to increase diversity of representation and eradicate the possibility of conflicts of interest. After fierce debate,

212-733: A constantly expanding network of creative art folk." At the Artist Retreat, awardees were asked to present their Creative Capital Award project ideas as a work-in-progress to a live audience of curators and presenters. These presentations were then uploaded to YouTube and can be viewed by the public. Starting in 2021, awardees now create project videos that are screened at Carnival and uploaded on YouTube. In 2003 Creative Capital started producing workshops, offering all artists access to online and in-person workshops to help them with skills such as communication and marketing, strategic planning, self-management, fundraising, and community building. Many of

265-711: A core part of Creative Capital's model, allowing for an exchange of ideas and as well as a platform to spark new connections within the community. Creative Capital has supported many artists whose projects have become well recognized in their fields and beyond, including Paul Beatty ’s The Sellout , Yance Ford ’s Strong Island , Bill Morrison ’s Decasia , Bandaloop's Crossing , Sam Van Aken ’s Tree of 40 Fruits , Jae Rhim Lee ’s Infinity Burial Project , Maggie Nelson ’s The Argonauts , as well as early works by artists like Taylor Mac , Sanford Biggers , Laura Poitras , and Jeffrey Gibson . In 2019, Creative Capital celebrated their 20th anniversary. In partnership with

318-636: A member of Artist Relief , an emergency coalition of national arts grantmakers to support artists during the COVID-19 crisis. National Endowment for the Arts The National Endowment for the Arts ( NEA ) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that offers support and funding for projects exhibiting artistic excellence. It was created in 1965 as an independent agency of

371-406: A particular discipline they call “emerging fields,” which includes disciplines not typically classified as art. As of 2019, the category has been broken out into more specific categories, such as technology, social practice, software, architecture & design. Some notable artists funded in this category include: After each new round of awards was announced, Creative Capital would host a retreat for

424-591: A postcard using an old-fashioned typewriter. The postcards were addressed to the White House and Oring kept carbon copies. The very first "I Wish to Say" performance was done in February 2004 for the First Amendment Project . The performance was originally intended to demonstrate the range of opinions Americans have. Oring continued doing similar participatory artworks using a typewriter for decades. Within

477-584: A series of artist gatherings, like Creative Capital Carnival, designed to connect them with a community of artists and professionals who can help realize and present their work at venues and organizations all over the world. Creative Capital's approach centers on the idea that time and advisory services are as important to the creative process as money. As awardees' funded projects develop, Creative Capital staff meet with them to set goals and chart progress. Creative Capital provides funding at benchmark moments for each project, including initial funding, support to build

530-408: A successor takes office. Ten members of the council constitutes a quorum. The current council members as of September 28, 2024: President Biden has nominated the following to fill seats on the commission. They await Senate confirmation. Between 1965 and 2008, the agency has made in excess of 128,000 grants, totaling more than $ 5 billion. From the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, Congress granted

583-684: A total of 12 award cycles from 2000 to 2019, in 2019 for their 20th anniversary, Creative Capital announced a new annual award cycle. Creative Capital calls for artists to submit their project ideas through a free and open application for the Creative Capital Awards. After selecting artists for the awards, the organization applies a venture philanthropy model to help those artists develop their projects with funding, professional development, and advisory services, including artist coaching, communications and promotion, strategic planning, and legal and financial counsel. The award gives artists access to

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636-451: A variety of events for awardees to meet each other and others within the artistic community. Critic Paddy Johnson wrote, "These conferences offer grantees an amazing opportunity to connect with other artists and a wide range of curators, distributors, and artistic directors through mixers, meetings with consultants, and artist presentations. They also ask grantees to return to the conference every couple of years, which keeps them in touch with

689-563: Is "dedicated to supporting excellence in the arts, both new and established; bringing the arts to all Americans; and providing leadership in arts education". The NEA is governed by a chairman nominated by the president to a four-year term and subject to congressional confirmation. The NEA's advisory committee, the National Council on the Arts, advises the chairman on policies and programs, as well as reviewing grant applications, fundraising guidelines, and leadership initiative. The council

742-526: Is awarded by the President of the United States and NEA for outstanding contributions to the excellence, growth, support, and availability of the arts in the United States. Upon entering office in 1981, the incoming Ronald Reagan administration intended to push Congress to abolish the NEA completely over a three-year period. Reagan's first director of the Office of Management and Budget, David A. Stockman , thought

795-682: Is composed of 25 members, 18 appointed by the president of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate , six ex officio members, and the chairperson of the NEA, who also serves as chair of the council. The six ex officio members are members of Congress, where two are appointed by the Speaker of the House, one by the Minority Leader of the House, two by the Majority Leader of

848-651: Is facially valid, as it neither inherently interferes with First Amendment rights nor violates constitutional vagueness principles. The 1994 midterm elections cleared the way for House Speaker Newt Gingrich to lead a renewed attack on the NEA. Gingrich had called for the NEA to be eliminated along with the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting . While some in Congress attacked

901-434: Is the federal agency responsible for recognizing outstanding achievement in the arts. It does this by awarding three lifetime achievement awards. The NEA Jazz Masters Fellowships are awarded to individuals who have made significant contributions to the art of jazz. The NEA National Heritage Fellowships are awarded for artistic excellence and accomplishments for American's folk and traditional arts. The National Medal of Arts

954-636: The Los Angeles Review of Books , Creative Capital invited several writers to examine projects from each award cycle year in the organization's first two decades. Through an open application process, Creative Capital identifies and selects artists from all disciplines to receive the Creative Capital Award. The award gives each project access to up to $ 50,000 in direct funding allocated at key intervals in project development, combined with additional mentorship and advisory services. While there were

1007-524: The San Francisco Chronicle , and briefly at The New York Times . Oring became disenchanted with the media and moved to Germany to study art for six years. According to Oring, her work as an artist was influenced by the political clout artists have in Germany. In 1999, Oring created an exhibit called "Writer's Block," which featured 600 typewriters in 21 metal cages. The exhibit was regarding

1060-504: The " NEA Four ". Since 1996, the NEA has partially rebounded with a 2015 budget of $ 146.21 million. In FY 2010, the NEA's budget reached mid-1990s levels with a $ 167.5 million budget but fell again in FY 2011 with a budget of $ 154 million. On March 11, 2024, President Joe Biden released the President's Budget for FY 2025, with $ 210.1 million budgeted for the NEA. The NEA provides grants in

1113-523: The "culture wars" of the 1990s, the National Endowment for the Arts 's (NEA) cut funding for individual artists. In response, Arch Gillies of the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts spearheaded the creation of a new organization that would directly fund individual artists. Creative Capital began in 1999 with Ruby Lerner as Founding Director. The announcement of the organization appeared on

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1166-626: The Arts later hosted the Mapplethorpe show. The cancellation was highly criticized and in September 1989, the Director of the Corcoran gallery, Christina Orr-Cahill, issued a formal statement of apology saying, "The Corcoran Gallery of Art in attempting to defuse the NEA funding controversy by removing itself from the political spotlight, has instead found itself in the center of controversy. By withdrawing from

1219-636: The Chair of the James Pearson Duffy Department of Art and Art History at Wayne State University . As of January 2023, she is the dean of University of the Arts ' School of Art. Oring grew frustrated that many Europeans stereotyped Americans as supporting war in general and the 2003 Iraq War specifically. She moved back to the United States, and created a performance art piece called "I Wish to Say." In this exhibit, people dictated letters to then-President George W. Bush that Oring typed-up on

1272-427: The Mapplethorpe exhibition, we, the board of trustees and the director, have inadvertently offended many members of the arts community which we deeply regret. Our course in the future will be to support art, artists and freedom of expression." Democratic representative Pat Williams , chairman of the House subcommittee with jurisdiction over the NEA reauthorization, partnered with Republican Tom Coleman to formulate

1325-484: The NEA an annual funding of between $ 160 and $ 180 million. In 1996, Congress cut the NEA funding to $ 99.5 million as a result of pressure from conservative groups, including the American Family Association , who criticized the agency for using tax dollars to fund highly controversial artists such as Barbara DeGenevieve , Andres Serrano , Robert Mapplethorpe , and the performance artists known as

1378-595: The NEA and the National Endowment for the Humanities were "good [departments] to simply bring to a halt because they went too far, and they would be easy to defeat." Another proposal would have halved the arts endowment budget. However, these plans were abandoned when the President's special task force on the arts and humanities, which included close Reagan allies such as conservatives Charlton Heston and Joseph Coors , discovered "the needs involved and benefits of past assistance," concluding that continued federal support

1431-524: The President. The themes of the performances have changed over time, with changes in popular political issues, policies, and presidents. In one performance, she asked people in the Tampa Bay area to tell her what they love about Tampa, Florida , as part of a public art project commissioned by the Tampa airport. By 2018, Oring had typed several thousand postcards and performed the work more than 71 times. Some of

1484-487: The Senate, and one by the Minority Leader of the Senate. These six serve two-year terms, and serve as nonvoting members of the council. The eighteen appointed by the President are selected from among private citizens of the United States who are widely recognized for their broad knowledge of, or expertise in, or for their profound interest in the arts; and have established records of distinguished service, or achieved eminence, in

1537-676: The Television Academy in the Outstanding Short Form Nonfiction or Reality Series category. The National Endowment for the Arts was created during the term of President Lyndon B. Johnson under the general auspices of the Great Society . According to historian Karen Patricia Heath, "Johnson personally was not much interested in the acquisition of knowledge, cultural or otherwise, for its own sake, nor did he have time for art appreciation or meeting with artists." The NEA

1590-530: The United States. The NEA also manages the National Medal of Arts , awarded annually by the President. Artist William Powhida has noted that "in one single auction, wealthy collectors bought almost a billion dollars in contemporary art at Christie's in New York." He further commented: "If you had a 2 percent tax just on the auctions in New York you could probably double the NEA budget in two nights." The NEA

1643-694: The areas of prose and poetry. The NEA offers partnerships for state, regional, federal, international activities, and design. The state arts agencies and regional arts organizations are the NEA's primary partners in serving the American people through the arts. Forty percent of all NEA funding goes to the state arts agencies and regional arts organizations. Additionally, the NEA awards three Lifetime Honors: NEA National Heritage Fellowships to master folk and traditional artists, NEA Jazz Masters Fellowships to jazz musicians and advocates, and NEA Opera Honors to individuals who have made extraordinary contributions to opera in

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1696-474: The artist's personal and professional capacity, follow-up support for project production, funding for the project's premiere, and support for the project's expansion after its premiere. Of this type of support, Sheryl Oring , a Creative Capital Awardee, has said, "For mid-career artists like me, Creative Capital can help make the difference between whether we keep making art or give up." Performing Arts Performing arts works funded by Creative Capital often blur

1749-474: The artists, as well as people connected to Creative Capital in various ways who act as consultants, workshop leaders or observers. In various workshops and meetings with consultants, artists were advised on how to plan the coming years of their artistic careers as well their personal goals. In 2021, the Artist Retreat was replaced by Creative Capital Carnival, a day-long event for Creative Capital artists to connect with each other and network. Creative Capital hosts

1802-433: The arts and shall make such appointments so as to represent equitably all geographical areas in the United States. These are appointed to serve terms of six years. The terms are staggered so three terms end September 3 each year. These members are not eligible for reappointment during the two-year period following the expiration of their term. However, they may continue to serve on the council after their term's expiration until

1855-460: The arts; so as to include practicing artists, civic cultural leaders, members of the museum profession, and others who are professionally engaged in the arts; and so as collectively to provide an appropriate distribution of membership among major art fields and interested citizens groups. In making these appointments, the President shall give due regard to equitable representation of women, minorities, and individuals with disabilities who are involved in

1908-479: The attacks. Republican representative Dick Armey , an opponent of federal arts funding, began to attack a planned exhibition of photographs by Robert Mapplethorpe at the Corcoran Museum of Art that was to receive NEA support. On June 12, 1989, The Corcoran cancelled the Mapplethorpe exhibition, saying that it did not want to "adversely affect the NEA's congressional appropriations." The Washington Project for

1961-497: The categories of arts projects, national initiatives, and partnership agreements. Grants for arts projects support exemplary projects for artist communities, arts education, dance, design, folk and traditional arts, literature, local arts agencies, media arts, museums, music, musical theater, opera, presenting (including multidisciplinary art forms), theater, and visual arts. The NEA also grants individual fellowships in literature to creative writers and translators of exceptional talent in

2014-668: The censorship of Jewish citizens in Nazi Germany . It was first exhibited in 1999 at the site of a Nazi book burning . The exhibit was later shown at Bryant Park , the PEN American Center , in Budapest, and other locations. Oring was inspired to create the exhibit in part by a memorial by artist Micha Ullman on Bebelplatz in Berlin, Germany . Oring was an assistant professor at University of North Carolina at Greensboro and served as

2067-411: The center of the controversy was Piss Christ , a photo of a plastic crucifix submerged in a vial of an amber fluid described by the artist as his own urine. Republican Senators Jesse Helms and Al D'Amato began to rally against the NEA, and expanded the attack to include other artists. Prominent conservative Christian figures including Pat Robertson of the 700 Club and Pat Buchanan joined

2120-514: The country through workshops and other resources. One of the "most prestigious art grants in the country," their yearly Creative Capital Awards application is open to artists in over 40 different disciplines spanning the visual arts, performing arts, moving image, literature, technology, and socially-engaged art. Their stated mission is to “amplify the voices of artists working in all creative disciplines and catalyze connections to help them realize their visions and build sustainable practices.” During

2173-652: The federal government by an act of the U.S. Congress , signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on September 29, 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 951). It is a sub-agency of the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities , along with the National Endowment for the Humanities , the Federal Council on the Arts and the Humanities , and the Institute of Museum and Library Services . The NEA has its offices in Washington, D.C. It

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2226-505: The first year, she had typed 600 postcards and travelled 5,000 kilometers setting up the exhibit in different U.S. states. Then, she presented similar performances in Germany, prior to the election of a new Chancellor, and near where the Berlin Wall used to be, where she asked participants what thoughts the wall prompts for them. In 2006, Oring did a performance on the U.S. President's birthday, whereby participants wrote birthday messages to

2279-430: The front page of The New York Times , noting that Creative Capital would "actively advocate freedom of expression" and "support artists who challenge convention." In its first year, Creative Capital launched by selecting 75 artists to receive the Creative Capital Award. In 2002, the organization launched their first Artist Retreat at Skowhegan School of Painting. This in-person meeting of artists and professionals became

2332-410: The funding of controversial artists, others argued the endowment was wasteful and elitist. However, despite massive budget cutbacks and the end of grants to individual artists, Gingrich ultimately failed in his push to eliminate the endowment. The budget outline submitted by then-president Donald Trump on March 16, 2017, to Congress would have eliminated all funding for the program. Congress approved

2385-1562: The genres, including musical performance, theater, comedy, puppetry, dance, jazz, and multimedia installation. Notable projects include James Scruggs's 3/Fifths , Robin Frohardt's The Plastic Bag Store , Kyle Abraham's Dearest Home , Nick Cave's Drop , Taylor Mac's The Lily’s Revenge , and Young Jean Lee's Lear . Visual Arts Visual arts projects that have received Creative Capital Awards include installation, painting, sculpture, photography, and public art. Notable funded projects include Abigail DeVille ’s The Bronx: History of Now , Richard Pell ’s Center for PostNatural History , Jennie C. Jones ’ Counterpoint , Critical Art Ensemble ’s GenTerra , and Lead Pencil Studios ’ Maryhill Double . Moving Image Creative Capital Projects in moving image include narrative and documentary film, short, episodic, and experimental film, animation, and video art. Notable projects include Penny Lane's documentary, NUTS !, Barbara Hammer's Resisting Paradise , Sam Green's The Weather Underground , as well as Yance Ford's Strong Island , and Daniel Sousa's Feral , both of which were nominated for Academy Awards. Literature Creative Capital began funding literature projects in 2005, including poetry, fiction, nonfiction, and hybrid literary works. Notable projects include Paul Beatty's The Sellout , Maggie Nelson's The Argonauts , and Bernadette Mayer's The Helens of Troy, New York . Emerging Fields Since 2000, Creative Capital has funded projects under

2438-639: The grant money in question, though the case would make its way to the United States Supreme Court in National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley . The case centered on subsection (d)(1) of 20 U.S.C.   § 954 which provides that the NEA Chairperson shall ensure that artistic excellence and artistic merit are the criteria by which applications are judged. The court ruled in 524 U.S. 569 (1998), that Section 954(d)(1)

2491-467: The language embodied in the Williams-Coleman substitute prevailed and subsequently became law. Though this controversy inspired congressional debate about appropriations to the NEA, including proposed restrictions on the content of NEA-supported work and their grantmaking guidelines, efforts to defund the NEA failed. Conservative media continued to attack individual artists whose NEA-supported work

2544-631: The postcards were used in an art exhibit at the Museum of the Kennedys in Berlin, Germany and she wrote a book based on the exhibit called "Activating Democracy: The 'I Wish to Say' Project." The book is focused on free speech and political participation. Oring won several awards and grants as a result of the exhibit series, such as a grant from Creative Capital and a fellowship from the New York Foundation for

2597-404: The programs are developed and led by Creative Capital Awardees, using the affordable workshop model to give them a platform to share their expertise. The workshops have been described as a "crash course in self-management, strategic planning, fundraising and promotion." During the pandemic in 2020, Creative Capital provided online resources including free artist workshops. The organization was also

2650-653: Was awarded Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre in 1995, as well as the Special Tony Award in 2016. In 1985, the NEA won an honorary Oscar from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for its work with the American Film Institute in the identification, acquisition, restoration and preservation of historic films. In 2016 and again in 2017, the National Endowment for the Arts received Emmy nominations from

2703-545: Was born c.  1966 . Her parents were both academics. As a child, she moved to New York, near Cornell University , where she was exposed to political advocacy at a young age. Oring earned a bachelor's degree in journalism at the University of Colorado in 1987. She then moved to California , where she worked as a journalist for about a decade. Oring held positions at the International Herald Tribune ,

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2756-531: Was deemed controversial. The "NEA Four", Karen Finley , Tim Miller , John Fleck , and Holly Hughes , were performance artists whose proposed grants from the United States government's National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) were vetoed by John Frohnmayer in June 1990. Grants were overtly vetoed on the basis of subject matter after the artists had successfully passed through a peer review process. The artists won their case in court in 1993 and were awarded amounts equal to

2809-426: Was important. Frank Hodsoll became the chairman of the NEA in 1981, and while the department's budget decreased from $ 158.8 million in 1981 to $ 143.5 million, by 1989 it was $ 169.1 million, the highest it had ever been. In 1989, Donald Wildmon of the American Family Association held a press conference attacking what he called "anti-Christian bigotry," in an exhibition by photographer Andres Serrano . The work at

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