52-545: Coxtie Green is a small settlement in the Borough of Brentwood in Essex , England. 51°38′28″N 0°15′22″E / 51.641°N 0.256°E / 51.641; 0.256 This Essex location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Borough of Brentwood Opposition (19) The Borough of Brentwood is a local government district with borough status in Essex , England. The borough
104-498: A combination of Smiths clamp-lock and GEC-Alsthom HW2000 point machines. The first signal box to be closed and transferred to Liverpool Street IECC was Shenfield in 1992, which had only opened 10 years earlier. The last boxes to be transferred were at Romford and Gidea Park in 1998; these were the oldest of those being transferred, having been opened under the GER/LNER 1924 resignalling scheme. A number of fatal accidents have occurred on
156-848: A direct rail link between the GEML and the Great Western Main Line . The first section of the line, built by the Eastern Counties Railway (ECR), opened in June 1839 between a short-lived temporary terminus at Devonshire Street in the East End of London and Romford , then in the Havering Liberty in Essex. The London terminus was moved in July 1840 to Shoreditch (later renamed Bishopsgate), after 1900 in
208-526: A flyover would be built at the country-end of the carriage sidings at Gidea Park to allow trains bound for the Southend line to change from the main line to the electric line, instead of at the London-end of Shenfield as they do now. Plans were drawn up in the 1930s to electrify the suburban lines from Liverpool Street to Shenfield at 1,500 V DC and work was started on implementing this. However,
260-559: A four-year term. In the fourth year of the cycle, when there are no elections for the borough council, elections for Essex County Council are held instead. There are still large areas of woodland including Shenfield Common, Hartswood (named after its last private owner, a Mr. Hart), Weald Country Park , and Thorndon Country Park. The main transport links run through the borough in a south-west to north-east direction, with other important links running west to east. Railway stations at Shenfield and Ingatestone facilitate services along
312-730: A limited number of c2c trains, were all operated by National Express East Anglia . Since 2012, the franchise has been operated by Abellio Greater Anglia ; in May 2015, the Shenfield "metro" stopping service transferred to TfL Rail , as a precursor to Elizabeth Line services. Liverpool Street IECC replaced signal boxes at Bethnal Green (closed 1997), Bow (closed 1996), Stratford (GE panel closed 1997), Ilford (closed 1996), Romford (closed 1998), Gidea Park (closed 1998), Shenfield (closed 1992) and Chelmsford (closed 1994). The system uses BR Mark 3 solid state interlockings, predominantly four-aspect signals and
364-507: A new junction at Haughley to Norwich Victoria opened in December 1849, although the position of the latter station was poor and a spur to allow some trains to operate into Norwich (Thorpe) station was opened to regular traffic in November 1851. In the late 19th century, the double-track main line was expanded with additional tracks being added to cope with more traffic. In 1854, a third track
416-569: A number of coastal towns including Southend-on-Sea , Clacton-on-Sea , Walton-on-the-Naze and Lowestoft . Its main users are commuters travelling to and from London, particularly the City of London , which is served by Liverpool Street, and areas in east London, including the Docklands financial district via the London Underground and Docklands Light Railway connections at Stratford . The line
468-533: A proposal, in 1980, to electrify the remainder of the Great Eastern Main Line. The early 1980s saw track rationalisation and signalling work carried out in the Ipswich area and, on 9 April 1985, the first electric train consisting of two Class 305 electric multiple units (EMUs) worked into Ipswich station. The previous year, another member of the class had been dragged to Ipswich by a diesel locomotive and
520-477: A tunnel through central London and link up with the Great Western Main Line to Reading and Heathrow Airport . The first new Class 345 rolling stock entered service on the service on 22 June 2017. The new trains, built at Bombardier's Derby factory, provide air conditioned walk-through carriages, intelligent lighting and temperature control, closed-circuit television and passenger information displays showing travel information, including about onward journeys. It
572-418: Is 100 mph (160 km/h). The main line is electrified at 25 kV AC using overhead wires and comes under the control of Romford Electrical Control Room. The branches to Upminster , Southend Victoria , Southminster , Braintree , Clacton-on-Sea , Walton-on-the-Naze and Harwich Town are also electrified. Between Romford and Chadwell Heath , there is a Network Rail maintenance depot adjacent to
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#1733085891123624-585: Is also heavily used by leisure travellers, as it and its branches serve a number of seaside resorts, shopping areas and countryside destinations. The route also provides the main artery for substantial freight traffic to and from Felixstowe and Harwich , via their respective branch lines. Trains from Southend Airport also run into London via the GEML. The Elizabeth line, which fully opened in November 2022, operates services from Shenfield to London Paddington via Liverpool Street , connecting Essex with Central London and West London . Additionally, it provides
676-402: Is based at Brentwood Town Hall on Ingrave Road, which had been built in 1957 for the former Brentwood Urban District Council. Since the last boundary changes in 2002, the council has comprised 37 councillors representing 15 wards ; each ward elects one, two or three councillors. Elections are held three years out of every four, with roughly a third of the council being elected each time for
728-556: Is named after its main town of Brentwood , where the council is based; it includes several villages and the surrounding rural area. The neighbouring districts are Epping Forest , Chelmsford , Basildon , Thurrock and the London Borough of Havering . The former Brentwood Urban District had been created in 1899. Urban districts were abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 . A new non-metropolitan district
780-573: Is operated by MTR . Also within the borough is West Horndon station , on the London, Tilbury & Southend line ; c2c provides direct trains to London Fenchurch Street , Basildon , Southend Central and Shoeburyness . A major trunk road running through the borough is the A12 dual-carriageway, running from East London to Chelmsford , Colchester , the ports of Harwich and Felixstowe , Ipswich and Lowestoft . The old Roman road (A1023) passes through
832-686: Is served by a dedicated community radio stations, Phoenix FM . There are nine civil parishes in the borough. The former Brentwood Urban District is an unparished area , directly administered by Brentwood Borough Council. Brentwood is twinned with Roth bei Nürnberg in Germany and Montbazon in France . 51°36′N 0°18′E / 51.6°N 0.3°E / 51.6; 0.3 Great Eastern Main Line The Great Eastern Main Line ( GEML , sometimes referred to as
884-573: The East Anglia Main Line ) is a 114.5-mile (184.3 km) major railway line on the British railway system which connects Liverpool Street station in central London with destinations in east London and the East of England , including Shenfield , Chelmsford , Colchester , Ipswich and Norwich . Its numerous branches also connect the main line to Southminster , Braintree , Sudbury , Harwich and
936-511: The Great Eastern Main Line to Colchester , Clacton , Ipswich and London Liverpool Street ; these are operated by Greater Anglia . Brentwood and Shenfield stations are served by Greater Anglia trains between Liverpool Street, Billericay , Southend Airport and Southend Victoria ; some peak hour services run to Southminster . Elizabeth line stopping trains run between London Paddington , Brentwood and Shenfield; this route
988-533: The Metropolitan Borough of Bethnal Green , and at the eastern end the line was extended 6 miles (9.7 km) out to Brentwood in the same year. A further 34 miles (55 km) of track was added out to Colchester by 1843. The original gauge for the line was 5 ft ( 1,524 mm ), but this was converted to 1,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) standard gauge in 1844. The section of line between Colchester and Ipswich
1040-493: The North London Line and Temple Mills. The GEML has six tracks up to the London-end of Stratford and the junction to Temple Mills; there are five lines through the station, dropping to four at the country end. At Shenfield , the line to Southend Victoria diverges and the main line route drops from four tracks to two; this arrangement continues for the vast majority of the way to Norwich. There are several locations where
1092-554: The "Stoke Bone Beds". The finds are considered important in understanding climate change during the Ice Age . This tunnel had the trackbed lowered so the line could accommodate taller freight trains. Steam-hauled inter-city trains on the London-Norwich service were replaced by diesel power in the 1960s; locomotives from classes 40 , 37 and 47 hauled services until the mid-1980s. Electric locomotives replaced diesel haulage from
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#17330858911231144-569: The 1860s, the railways in East Anglia were in financial trouble and most were leased to the ECR; they wished to amalgamate formally, but could not obtain government agreement for this until 1862, when the Great Eastern Railway (GER) was formed out of the consolidation. From November 1872, Bishopsgate (Low Level) became a temporary terminus to relieve the main high level Bishopsgate station while
1196-597: The GEML at Stratford (on the Cambridge line platforms). The GER was grouped in 1923 into the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). In 1931–32, the LNER quadrupled the tracks to Shenfield which became the terminus for inner-suburban operation. In the 1930s, a flyover was constructed just west of Ilford to switch the main and electric lines over, to enable main line trains to utilise Liverpool Street's longer west side platforms without having to cross east side suburban traffic in
1248-717: The GEML. However, not everyone was a fan; British Railways' chairman Sir Michael Barrington Ward exclaimed "What? Send the first British Railways standard engines to that tramline? No!" Twenty-three Britannias were allocated to the GE section and, in summer 1951, the Liverpool Street–Norwich service went over to an hourly clockface interval service. The British Railways 1955 Modernisation Plan called for overhead line systems in Great Britain to be standardised at 25 kV AC. However, due to low clearances under bridges,
1300-518: The GER was building its new permanent terminus at Liverpool Street . The latter opened in stages from February 1874, beginning with the first four platforms, until it was fully open from November 1875. At that time the original 1840 Bishopsgate station closed to passengers and was converted into a goods yard. By the 1870s, suburbia in the Forest Gate area was developing quickly and in 1872 suburban trains (this
1352-477: The Great Eastern Main Line, with its easy access to the Port of Felixstowe . A pool of Class 90s, including most of the locomotives that operated inter-city services on the GEML, provide electric haulage with Class 66 and Class 70 providing diesel power. In 2015, TfL Rail , the precursor of Crossrail , took over operation of the Shenfield stopping "metro" service and, from 2022, the full Crossrail service will run via
1404-799: The Jutsums Lane overbridge. In addition, at the London-end of the depot, is Network Rail's Electrical Control Room that controls the supply and switching of the overhead line system for the whole of the former Anglia Region. Signalling is controlled by two main signalling centres: Liverpool Street IECC (opened in 1992) and Colchester PSB (opened in December 1983). Liverpool Street IECC controls signalling up to Marks Tey , where it fringes with Colchester PSB, which has control to Norwich . There are also several small signal boxes that control local infrastructure, such as Ingatestone box, which has jurisdiction over several local level crossings. Line-side train monitoring equipment includes hot axle box detectors (HABD) on
1456-865: The ageing Class 86s and rolling stock was updated with refurbished former West Coast Main Line Mark 3 coaches, following the introduction of the Class 390 Pendolino stock on that route. By March 2020, new Class 745 EMUs had fully replaced Class 90 and Mark 3 coaches; thereby ending locomotive operation on the inter-city services on the Great Eastern Main Line. Electric multiple units are used for inner and outer suburban passenger trains and diesel multiple units are used on non-electrified branch lines. The main passenger units utilised are: On weekends and when engineering work occurs, c2c run services into Liverpool Street via Stratford using Class 357 electric multiple units (EMU). Freight services also operate frequently on
1508-412: The borough are also covered by civil parishes , which form a third tier of local government. The council went under no overall control at the 2023 Brentwood Borough Council election . A Liberal Democrat and Labour coalition subsequently formed an administration. The first election to the council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities until
1560-570: The centre of Brentwood and joins the A12, which by-passes the town. Within different parts of Brentwood, the A1023 is called (from west to east) Brook Street, London Road, High Street, Shenfield Road, and Chelmsford Road. The other main road in the borough is the A127 Southend Arterial Road , which separates from the A12 near Romford and then proceeds easterly to Southend-on-Sea . The borough
1612-409: The down main and down electric lines near Brentwood (17 miles 35 chains from Liverpool Street) and on the up main near Margaretting (25 miles 78 chains). Other equipment includes wheel impact load detectors (WILD) ‘Wheelchex’ on the down main and up main west of Church Lane level crossing (24 miles 75 chains). On leaving Liverpool Street, the route comprises two pairs of tracks, known as the mains and
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1664-538: The electrics, with a further pair of tracks, the suburbans, which carry the West Anglia Main Line alongside the GEML to Bethnal Green . From Bethnal Green, the GEML has four lines to Bow junction, where there is a complex set of switches and crossings. A line from the LTS (Fenchurch Street) route joins the "up" (London-bound) electric and there are a further two lines, the "up" and "down" Temple Mills, giving access to
1716-580: The hour. Summer Saturdays in 1950 also saw the introduction of the Holiday Camps Express workings to Gorleston, near Lowestoft. The latter half of 1950 and early 1951 saw the testing of new EM1 electric locomotives for use over the Woodhead Line between Manchester and Sheffield . January 1951 saw the introduction of the Britannia class 4-6-2 express locomotives and a speeding up of services on
1768-568: The line as far as Manningtree became part of Network SouthEast , although some NSE services actually terminated at Ipswich, whilst longer-distance Norwich services were operated by InterCity. Local services operating from the Ipswich and Norwich areas were operated by Regional Railways . Between 1997 and 2004, services into Essex and some into Suffolk were operated by First Great Eastern , whilst services into Norfolk and other Suffolk services were operated by Anglia Railways . Between 2004 and 2012, services out of Liverpool Street, except for
1820-448: The line is immediately south of Ipswich station. The 361-yard (330 m) long tunnel was built by Peter Bruff as part of the Ipswich & Bury Railway . It was completed in 1846 and it is thought to be the earliest driven on a sharp continuous curve. During the excavation of the tunnel, many important fossils were discovered, including rhinoceros, lion and mammoth; the site was known as
1872-419: The line throughout its history: The line is owned and maintained by Network Rail . It is part of Network Rail Strategic Route 7 , which is composed of SRSs 07.01, 07.02 and 07.03, and is classified as a primary line. The GEML has a loading gauge of W10 between Liverpool Street and Haughley Junction (approximately 13 miles 63 chains north of Ipswich) and from there is W9 to Norwich . The maximum line speed
1924-578: The mid-1980s, when the remainder of the GEML was electrified north of Colchester; their utilisation continued until March 2020. Class 86 locomotives powered the service from 1985 until 2005, with rakes of Mark 2 coaches. Push-pull services were introduced during their tenure, initially using a DBSO coach at the Norwich end and latterly with Mark 3 Driving Van Trailers , cascaded from the West Coast Main Line . From 2004, Class 90 locomotives replaced
1976-461: The new arrangements came into effect on 1 April 1974. Political control of the council since 1974 has been as follows: The role of mayor is largely ceremonial in Brentwood. Political leadership is instead provided by the leader of the council . The leaders since 1991 have been: Following the 2024 election , the composition of the council is: The next election is due in May 2026. The council
2028-522: The outbreak of the Second World War brought the project to a temporary halt and it was not until 1949 that the scheme was completed with electrification being extended to Chelmsford in 1956. During World War II , the long-distance named trains were withdrawn, and these returned after the war with the reintroduction of the "Hook Continental" and "Scandinavian" boat trains to Harwich Parkeston Quay in 1945. The East Anglian (Liverpool Street – Norwich)
2080-573: The route has more than two tracks, predominantly through stations such as Colchester and Ipswich, along with goods loops, such as at the London end of Ingatestone . There is also a short stretch of single track on approach to Norwich, as the line passes over the River Wensum on the Trowse Bridge. Major civil engineering structures on the Great Eastern Main Line include the following: The only tunnel on
2132-461: The route to obtain larger clearances. The route between Liverpool Street and Southend Victoria was converted to 25 kV AC between 1976 and 1980. By the late 1970s, the costs of running the dated mechanical signalling systems north of Colchester was recognised and, in 1978, a scheme for track rationalisation and re-signalling was duly submitted to the Department of Transport. This was followed by
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2184-411: The route was electrified at 6.25 kV AC. The section between Liverpool Street and Southend Victoria was completed in November 1960. Extensive testing showed that smaller electrical clearances could be tolerated for the 25 kV system than originally thought necessary. As a result, it was now possible to increase the voltage without having to either raise bridges or lower the tracks along
2236-503: The station throat. The new arrangement also facilitated cross-platform interchange with the Central line at Stratford , with services commencing in 1946. Either side of the Ilford flyover there are single-track connections between each pair of lines, with the westbound track extending to Manor Park and just beyond. The eastbound track extends as far as Ilford station. It was also envisaged that
2288-506: Was added between Bow Junction and Stratford to help accommodate London, Tilbury and Southend Railway services which at that time were operating via Stratford. Until 1860, trains serving the town of Ipswich used a station called Ipswich Stoke Hill which was located south of the Stoke tunnel. The town's current station is located to the north of the tunnel. The ECR had leased the EUR from 1854 but by
2340-467: Was built by the Eastern Union Railway (EUR) to standard gauge and opened to passenger traffic in June 1846. Its sister company, the Ipswich and Bury Railway, built a line to Bury St Edmunds and this was completed in November 1846. Both companies shared the same office, many directors and key staff, and started operating as a unified company with the EUR name from 1 January 1847. An extension from
2392-485: Was created on 1 April 1974 covering the whole of the former Brentwood Urban District plus parts of another two districts, which were all abolished at the same time: The new district was named Brentwood after its main town. The district was awarded borough status on 10 March 1993, allowing the chair of the council to take the title of mayor. Brentwood Borough Council provides district-level services. County-level services are provided by Essex County Council . Parts of
2444-492: Was extended back to James Street Junction (near Globe Road station which opened the same year) in 1884, but Bethnal Green to James Street did not follow until 1891. It was also in this year that two extra tracks were added between Bethnal Green and Liverpool Street which were for the use of West Anglia Main Line services. These tracks were built through the basement warehousing associated with Bishopsgate station located above. The line
2496-528: Was planned that by September 2017, half of the services between Shenfield and Liverpool Street will have switched to the new Class 345 trains. From May 2015, Crossrail services (re-branded as TfL Rail ) have an interchange with existing GEML services at Liverpool Street (via new underground platforms) as well as Stratford , Romford and Shenfield . In November 2022, Crossrail services began to operate between Shenfield and London Paddington via Farringdon . However no services operate further than Paddington onto
2548-556: Was quadrupled to Ilford in 1895, and in 1899 out to Seven Kings . In 1902, the quadruple track was extended from Seven Kings to Romford, but it wasn't until 1913 that four-tracking out to Shenfield was suggested and the First World War caused delay to this plan. In 1903, the Fairlop Loop opened and a number of services that had previously terminated at Ilford were extended onto it. These services generally looped round and back to
2600-527: Was restored in October 1946, and in 1947 the "Day Continental" which pre-war had operated as the "Flushing Continental", recommenced operation. After nationalisation in 1948, the GEML formed part of the Eastern Region of British Railways . The Summer 1950 timetable saw the introduction of a regular interval service between Liverpool Street and Clacton, which left Liverpool Street on the half-hour and Clacton on
2652-519: Was the first distinctive suburban service on the main line as previously main line trains had performed this duty) terminated at a bay platform at Forest Gate . These were followed by trains from Fenchurch Street in 1877. By 1882, these services had been extended and were terminating at Ilford, Romford or Brentwood. In 1877, a fourth track was added between Bow Junction and Stratford and two goods-only tracks were added between Stratford and Maryland Point . The four-track Bow Junction to Stratford section
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#17330858911232704-486: Was used for crew training. The first passenger carrying train was formed of Class 309 EMUs, which ran on 17 April 1985. InterCity electric-hauled trains commenced on the route on 1 May 1985. Class 86 locomotives initially only powered services between Liverpool Street and Ipswich; after a switchover, Class 47s would complete the journey between Ipswich and Norwich. This last section was finally energised in May 1987, when through electric services commenced. In 1986,
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