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52-527: The Coupe Express was designed by Raymond Loewy and utilized the Dictator passenger car frame, running gear, and front sheet metal. A new body stamping was made to form the cab back. The model was sold both with a manufacturer supplied metal bed and as a cab and chassis, with the Dictator’s automobile-style sweepingly flared rear fenders attached. A service box, built to specification, would be fabricated by (or for)

104-437: A pickup truck is hard to define. It lacks the integrated bed of a car-based, car-chassied coupe utility – a fundamental characteristic of that automobile style. However, it also lacks the truck cab and truck chassis of a pickup truck, failing to meet that definition by either of those two crucial characteristics. The fact that Studebaker itself labeled it a “coupe” rather than a truck (a very different thing at that time; retained

156-474: A Habitability Consultant for design of the Skylab space station, launched in 1973. One of NASA's goals in hiring him was to improve the psychology, safety, and comfort of manned spacecraft. Due to long duration confinement in limited interior space in micro-g with almost non-existing variability in environment, the comfort and well-being of the crew through the use of aesthetics played high importance. Loewy suggested

208-560: A London office in the mid-1930s that continues to operate. in the early 1930s, Loewy did comprehensive design work for the Pennsylvania Railroad in providing a deeply modern Art Moderne design for the railroad's flagship electric locomotive, the GG1 . The engines would operate into the 1980s under a variety of paint schemes, some of them reflecting ownership changes, and one of them - 4935 - would be restored to its original appearance all

260-622: A fashion illustrator for Vogue and Harper's Bazaar . In 1929, he received his first industrial-design commission to contemporize the appearance of a duplicating machine by Gestetner . Further commissions followed, including work for Westinghouse , the Hupp Motor Company (the Hupmobile styling), and styling the Coldspot refrigerator for Sears -Roebuck. It was this product that established his reputation as an industrial designer. He opened

312-459: A new generation, through design exhibitions, publications, and documentaries. In October 2017, the documentary, "Raymond Loewy: designer of American dreams", originally conceived by Laurence Loewy, premiered to Paris audiences. The film has aired on the French Arte channel. On November 5, 2013, Loewy was honored with a Google Doodle depicting a streamlined locomotive bearing a resemblance to

364-401: A number of improvements to the layout, such as the implementation of a wardroom, where the crew could eat and work together, the wardroom window, the dining table and the color design, among others. A key feature of Raymond Loewy's design for the sleep compartments was that the floor plan for each of the three was different to create a sense of individual identity for each compartment. Elements of

416-512: A reputation for aggressively discontinuing passenger trains after the mid-1960s. When the National Railroad Passenger Corporation ( Amtrak ) assumed passenger train operations on May 1, 1971, the only Missouri Pacific route included as part of Amtrak's basic system was its main line from St. Louis to Kansas City. This route is now served by Amtrak's Missouri River Runner (named for the fact that it runs mostly parallel to

468-426: A stamped steel disc wheel and a stamped steel 'artillery' spoked wheel. Production for the 1937 model year was approximately 3,000 units. The truck's passenger cab was restyled in 1938 to reflect the modernized passenger car sheet metal resulted a slightly longer pickup bed. Production for 1938 was approximately 1,200 units. The 1939 model was again remodeled to reflect Studebaker's annual design updates. Production

520-548: A stylish, even luxurious, interior instead of replacing it with a more utilitarian one; and never named or officially referred to any of its actual pickup trucks with the terms “coupe“ or “express“, further distance it from being labeled as one. This article about a classic pre-war automobile produced between 1930 and 1945 is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Raymond Loewy Raymond Loewy ( / ˈ l oʊ i / LOH -ee , French: [ʁɛmɔ̃ levi] ; November 5, 1893 – July 14, 1986)

572-645: A young student from the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena. The team worked in a house leased for the purpose in Palm Springs, California . (Loewy also had a home in Palm Springs that he designed himself. ) Each team member had a role. Andrews and Kellogg handled sketching, Ebstein oversaw the project, and Loewy was the creative director and offered advice. Raymond Loewy worked for NASA from 1967 to 1973 as

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624-671: The Greyhound Scenicruiser bus interior, Coca-Cola vending machines and bottle redesign, the Lucky Strike package, Coldspot refrigerators, the Studebaker Avanti and Champion , and the Air Force One livery . He was engaged by equipment manufacturer International Harvester to overhaul its entire product line, and his team also assisted competitor Allis-Chalmers . He undertook numerous railroad designs, including

676-652: The Missouri River ). On March 13, 1974, Amtrak restored passenger train service over segments of Missouri Pacific- Texas and Pacific 's original Texas Eagle route between St. Louis, Little Rock, Dallas, Austin, San Antonio, and Laredo with the Inter-American . This train was renamed the Texas Eagle in 1981, resurrecting the name of the famous MoPac train. The Amtrak version runs over former MoPac and T&P trackage for much of its route. On July 30, 2005, UP unveiled

728-556: The Pennsylvania Railroad GG1 , S-1 , and T1 locomotives, the color scheme and Eagle motif for the first streamliners of the Missouri Pacific Railroad , and a number of lesser known color scheme and car interior designs for other railroads. His career spanned seven decades. The press referred to Loewy as The Man Who Shaped America , The Father of Streamlining and The Father of Industrial Design . Loewy

780-757: The Scenic Limited operated through the Royal Gorge over the tracks of the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad . From Salt Lake City to San Francisco , the Scenic Limited operated over the Western Pacific Railroad. A second premier train, the Sunshine Special began operating on December 5, 1915, between St. Louis and San Antonio via Little Rock and Austin . Another named train, the Rainbow Special ,

832-498: The U.S.-Mexico border in Laredo, Texas , and southeast along the Gulf seaports of Louisiana and Texas . MoPac operated a fleet of more than 1,500 diesel locomotives , almost all purchased within the previous 10 years. Under the leadership of Downing B. Jenks, who became president and chief executive in 1961, the company became a pioneer in the early days of computer-guided rail technology. It

884-412: The shroud design of K4s Pacific #3768 , using the wheels of the train to form the word Google . Work in years or models unknown 1900s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s Notes Further reading Missouri Pacific Railroad The Missouri Pacific Railroad ( reporting mark MP ), commonly abbreviated as MoPac , was one of the first railroads in

936-555: The 1956 model year. In the spring of 1961, Studebaker's new president, Sherwood Egbert , recalled Loewy to design the Avanti . Egbert hired him to help energize Studebaker's soon-to-be-released line of 1963 passenger cars to attract younger buyers. Despite the short 40-day schedule allowed to produce a finished design and scale model, Loewy agreed to take the job. He recruited a team consisting of experienced designers, including former Loewy employees John Ebstein; Bob Andrews; and Tom Kellogg,

988-550: The Canadian Cockshutt Plow Company 's new line of agricultural tractors in the squared-off style that was becoming popular.The Cockshutt 540 , 550 , 560 and 570 models were all styled by Loewy. Raymond Loewy's designers influenced the design of Allis-Chalmers crawler tractors. The tractors were described as having stylish panelwork with curvaceous lines. Loewy's first marriage was to Jean Thomson, which ended in divorce. Jean Thomson remained employed by

1040-510: The L&;N portion. By that same definition, MP operated 10,431 route-miles at the end of 1929, after A&G, SAS and Sugar Land had come under NOT&M; NO&LC operated 60 and DK&S (not subsidiary until 1931) operated 6. At the end of 1960, MP operated 9,362 route-miles, NO&LC and DK&S were the same, and M-I operated 172 miles. "T&P" includes its subsidiary roads (A&S, D&PS, T-NM etc.); operated route-miles totaled 2,259 at

1092-622: The Loewy firm after the marriage ended. In 1980, Loewy retired at the age of 87 and returned to his native France. He died in his Monte Carlo residence on July 14, 1986. He was raised a Roman Catholic and was buried in the cemetery of a Catholic church in Rochefort-en-Yvelines , a village located 40 km south-west of Paris, where he owned a rural home named La Cense. He was survived by his wife Viola (née Erickson), and their daughter Laurence. In 1992, Viola and Laurence Loewy, with

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1144-741: The Missouri Pacific Railroad on January 8, 1980. Lawsuits filed by competing railroads delayed approval of the merger until September 13, 1982. After the Supreme Court denied a trial to the Southern Pacific , the merger took effect on December 22, 1982. However, due to outstanding bonds of the Missouri Pacific, its full merger into the Union Pacific Railroad did not become official until January 1, 1997. On July 4, 1851, ground

1196-849: The Pacific Railroad, Missouri Pacific at one time advertised itself as being "The First Railroad West of the Mississippi". Other predecessors included the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway (SLIMS), Texas and Pacific Railway (TP), Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad (C&EI), St. Louis, Brownsville and Mexico Railway (SLBM), Kansas, Oklahoma and Gulf Railway (KO&G), Midland Valley Railroad (MV), San Antonio, Uvalde and Gulf Railroad (SAU&G), Gulf Coast Lines (GC), International-Great Northern Railroad (IGN), Kansas, Nebraska & Dakota Railroad, New Orleans, Texas and Mexico Railway (NOTM), Missouri-Illinois Railroad (MI), as well as

1248-522: The Pennsylvania Railroad, including stations, passenger-car interiors, and advertising materials. By 1949, Loewy employed 143 designers, architects, and draftsmen. His business partners were A. Baker Barnhart, William Snaith, and John Breen. Loewy had a long and fruitful relationship with American car maker Studebaker . Studebaker first retained Loewy and Associates and Helen Dryden as design consultants in 1936 and in 1939 Loewy began work with

1300-592: The United States west of the Mississippi River . MoPac was a Class I railroad growing from dozens of predecessors and mergers. In 1967, the railroad operated 9,041 miles of road and 13,318 miles of track, not including DK&S , NO&LC , T&P , and its subsidiaries C&EI and Missouri-Illinois . Union Pacific Corporation , the parent company of the Union Pacific Railroad , agreed to buy

1352-672: The United States. In 2006, the Loewy Gallery opened in Roanoke, Virginia through the supportive efforts of the O. Winston Link Museum , the local business community, and art patrons Laurence Loewy, David Hagerman, and Ross Stansfield. Laurence died of natural causes October 15, 2008, and is survived by her husband David Hagerman. Hagerman is the representative for the Estate of Raymond Loewy, which remains dedicated to reintroducing Loewy's design philosophy of MAYA, or "most advanced, yet acceptable", to

1404-752: The company after it declared bankruptcy in 1915. The line was merged with the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway (SLIMS) and reorganized as the Missouri Pacific Railroad in 1917. Missouri Pacific later acquired or gained a controlling interest in other lines in Texas, including the Gulf Coast Lines , International-Great Northern Railroad , and the Texas and Pacific Railway . The railroad's first heavy repair shops were built in Sedalia, Missouri in 1872. In 1905 several smaller shop sites were consolidated at Sedalia when

1456-489: The crew quarters included sleep restraints, storage lockers, privacy partitions, lighting, a light baffle, privacy curtains, mirrors, towel holders and a communication box. The table was designed by Loewy in order to avoid creating hierarchical positions for crew members during long missions. Food was eaten using forks, knives and spoons, which were held in place on the table by magnets. Liquids were drunk from squeezable plastic containers. The International Harvester company

1508-573: The end of 1929 (after C≠, PVS and TSL had become subsidiaries) and 2,033 at the end of 1960. In the early years of the 20th century, most Missouri Pacific and St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern passenger trains were designated by number only, with little emphasis on premier name trains. This changed in May, 1915, with the inauguration of the Scenic Limited between St. Louis, Kansas City, and San Francisco . Between Pueblo, Colorado and Salt Lake City ,

1560-411: The end user (such as a plumber or electrician). The truck was powered by the larger of Studebaker's L-head six-cylinder flathead engines and mated to a 3-speed manual transmission. Studebaker offered a Borg-Warner 3-speed transmission with overdrive as an option. Other options included a radio, heater, wire reinforced sliding back window and turn indicators. Two optional wheels were available, including

1612-568: The experimental duplex engine Q1 which was his last work of streamlining PRR's steam engine. In 1946, at the Pennsylvania Railroad's request, he restyled Baldwin 's diesels with a distinctive " sharknose " reminiscent of the T1. While he did not design the famous GG1 electric locomotive , he improved its appearance with welded rather than riveted construction, and he added a pinstripe paint scheme to highlight its smooth contours. In addition to locomotive design, Loewy's studios provided many designs for

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1664-657: The first such train inaugurated in 1940. These routes included the Missouri River Eagle (St. Louis-Kansas City-Omaha), the Delta Eagle ( Memphis, Tennessee - Tallulah, Louisiana ), the Colorado Eagle (St. Louis-Pueblo- Denver ), the Texas Eagle (St. Louis to Texas ), and the Valley Eagle ( Houston - Corpus Christi - Brownsville, Texas ). Other notable MoPac trains operated included: Missouri Pacific gained

1716-499: The most beautiful cars ever made", was radical in appearance, as radical in its way as the 1934 Airflow . However, it was beset by production problems. To brand the new line, Loewy also contemporized Studebaker's logo again by applying the "Lazy S" element. His final commission of the 1950s for Studebaker was the transformation of the Starlight and Starliner coupes into the Hawk series for

1768-588: The old shops were closed and moved to a new site along Marshall Avenue. The MoPac began using the Baring Cross Shops of the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway in North Little Rock , Arkansas in 1882. A fire in 1900 caused them to be rebuilt on a larger scale that would ultimately become the primary MoPac shop site (now known as the Downing B. Jenks Shops). Minor locomotive repairs were carried out at

1820-477: The principal designer Virgil Exner . Their designs first began appearing with the late-1930s Studebakers. Loewy also designed a new logo to replace the "turning wheel" that had been the Studebaker trademark since 1912. During World War II, American government restrictions on in-house design departments at Ford , General Motors , and Chrysler prevented official work on civilian automobiles. Because Loewy's firm

1872-535: The rear seat. In addition to the iconic bullet-nosed Studebakers of 1950 and 1951, the team created the 1953 Studebaker line, highlighted by the Starliner and Starlight coupes. (Publicly credited to Loewy, they were actually the work of Robert Bourke. ) The Starlight has consistently ranked as one of the best-designed cars of the 1950s in lists compiled since by Collectible Automobile , Car and Driver , and Motor Trend . The '53 Starliner, recognized today as "one of

1924-565: The small Central Branch Railway (an early predecessor of MP in Kansas and south-central Nebraska), and joint ventures such as the Alton and Southern Railroad (AS). Missouri Pacific was under the control of New York financier Jay Gould from 1879 until his death in 1892. Gould developed a system extending through Colorado , Nebraska , Arkansas , Texas , and Louisiana . His son George Gould inherited control upon his father's death, but lost control of

1976-511: The southwest. When new streamlined trains were delivered, the Scenic Limited and Rainbow Special names faded, but the Sunshine Special had sufficient name recognition to co-exist along with the new streamliners into the late 1950s. In the streamliner era, the Missouri Pacific's premier passenger trains were collectively known as the Eagles . A variety of Eagle trains were operated, with

2028-715: The support of British American Tobacco , established the Raymond Loewy Foundation in Hamburg , Germany. The foundation was established to preserve the memory of Raymond Loewy and promote the discipline of industrial design. An annual award of €50,000 is granted to outstanding designers, in recognition of their lifetime achievements. Notable grantees include Karl Lagerfeld , Philippe Starck and Dieter Rams . In 1998, Loewy's daughter, Laurence, established Loewy Design in Atlanta , Georgia, to manage her father's continued interests in

2080-461: The terminals in St. Louis and Kansas City . MoPac declared bankruptcy again in 1933, during the Great Depression , and entered into trusteeship . The company was reorganized and the trusteeship ended in 1956. By the 1980s, the system owned 11,469 miles (18,458 km) of rail line over 11 states bounded by Chicago to the east, Pueblo, Colorado , in the west, north to Omaha , south to

2132-652: The war in 1918. Loewy served in the French army during World War I (1914–1918), attaining the rank of captain. He was wounded in combat and received the Croix de guerre . After the war he moved to New York, where he arrived in September 1919. In Loewy's early years in the United States, he lived in New York and found work as a window designer for department stores , including Macy's , Wanamaker's and Saks in addition to working as

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2184-462: The way down to paint colors. He designed other passenger locomotives for the firm, including a streamlined shroud for K4s Pacific #3768 to haul the newly redesigned 1938 Broadway Limited . He followed by styling the experimental S1 locomotive, as well as the T1 class. In 1940, he designed a simplified version of the streamlined shroud for another four K4s . In 1942, he designed the streamlined shroud for

2236-466: Was a French-born American industrial designer who achieved fame for the magnitude of his design efforts across a variety of industries. He was recognized for this by Time magazine and featured on its cover on October 31, 1949. He spent most of his professional career in the United States, becoming a naturalized citizen in 1938. Among his designs were the Shell , Exxon , TWA and the former BP logos,

2288-630: Was a major hauler of coal, grain, ore, autos, dry goods and shipping containers . At the time of its mega-merger in 1982, the MoPac owned more and newer locomotives and operated more track than partner Union Pacific Railroad . On December 22, 1982, the Missouri Pacific was purchased by the Union Pacific Corporation and combined with the Western Pacific Railroad and Union Pacific Railroad to form one large railroad system. The new entity

2340-467: Was a manufacturer of agricultural machinery, light and heavy duty trucks, construction equipment and appliances. In 1935 it engaged Loewy to overhaul the product line, from the company's logo to operator ergonomics. The first new machine to reflect Loewy's design aesthetic, a crawler tractor known as the International TD-18, was launched in 1938. For the 1958 model year, Loewy was engaged to style

2392-519: Was approximately 1,000 units. The Coupe Express model was discontinued after the 1939 model year, and Studebaker did not offer a successor model for 1940. Studebaker introduced the M-Series pickup truck 1941, while the company used the Coupe Express name in advertising for a time, but no M-Series trucks were ever officially designated as the Coupe Express. Whether the Coupe Express is a coupe utility or

2444-842: Was born in Paris in 1893, the son of Maximilian Loewy, a Jewish journalist from Austria, and a French mother, Marie Labalme. Loewy distinguished himself early with the design of a successful model aircraft , which won the Gordon Bennett Cup for model airplanes in 1908. By the following year, he had commercial sales of the plane, named the Ayrel . He graduated in 1910 from the University of Paris . He continued his studies in advanced engineering at Ecole Duvignau de Lanneau in Paris, but stopped his studies early to serve in World War I, eventually graduating after

2496-675: Was broken at St. Louis on the Pacific Railroad , the predecessor of the Missouri Pacific Railroad. The first section of track was completed in 1852; in 1865, it was the first railroad in Kansas City , after construction was interrupted by the American Civil War . In 1872, the Pacific Railroad was reorganized as the Missouri Pacific Railway by new investors after a railroad debt crisis. Because of corporate ties extending back to

2548-589: Was called Pacific Rail Systems; though part of the Union Pacific Corporation, all three railroads maintained their own corporate and commercial identity. On December 1, 1989, the Missouri Kansas Texas and the Galveston, Houston & Henderson were merged into the Missouri Pacific after having been acquired by the Union Pacific Corporation in 1988. By 1994, all motive power of the Missouri Pacific

2600-441: Was independent of the fourth-largest automobile producer in America, no such restrictions applied. This permitted Studebaker to launch the first all-new postwar automobile in 1947, two years ahead of the "Big Three." His team developed an advanced design featuring flush-front fenders and clean rearward lines. The Loewy staff, headed by Exner, also created the Starlight body, which featured a rear-window system that wrapped 180° around

2652-421: Was placed in service in July 1921 between Kansas City and Little Rock. The Sunshine Special soon eclipsed the other trains in travel volume, becoming the signature train of the Missouri Pacific Railroad. An advertising slogan in 1933 proclaimed: " It's 70-degrees in the Sunshine when it's 100-degrees in the shade ," referring to the fact that the Sunshine Special was one of the first air-conditioned trains in

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2704-640: Was repainted and on January 1, 1997, the Missouri Pacific was officially merged into the Union Pacific Railroad by the Union Pacific Corporation. UP continued to use the MoPac headquarters building at 210 N. 13th St. in downtown St. Louis for its customer service center until February 15, 2005. The former MoPac building has undergone rehab as apartments and is now known as Park Pacific. In this table, "MP" includes New Orleans Texas & Mexico and all its subsidiary railroads (Beaumont Sour Lake & Western, I-GN, StLB&M, etc.) that officially merged into MP in 1956. Ton-miles for C&EI in 1970 presumably don't include

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