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26-489: This Nord geographical article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Nord (French department) Nord ( French pronunciation: [nɔʁ] ; officially French : département du Nord ; Picard : départémint dech Nord ; Dutch : Noorderdepartement , lit.   ' Northern Department ' ) is a département in Hauts-de-France region , France bordering Belgium . It

52-825: A free imperial city in the High Middle Ages. In the 15th century, the Duchy of Burgundy managed to acquire de facto control over Cambrésis. During the War of the Burgundian Succession (1477–1482) France conquered the city, but Emperor Charles V managed to retrieve Cambrésis for the Holy Roman Empire in 1529 ( War of the League of Cognac , ended by the Ladies' Peace of Cambrai), and again in 1543 ( Italian War of 1542–1546 ). Although

78-459: A Spanish garrison, and this diocese is located between the two Counties of Artois and Hainaut that are under Spanish protection. Moreover, Lodovico Guicciardini mentioned it with Artois, although others mentioned it with Hainaut. Therefore, we also want make a mention of it here. We will wait with the description of this little state until the entry on the city of Camerach , and now order this most distinguished place of these three lands according to

104-552: A cluster of industrial and former mining towns totalling slightly over a million inhabitants. As of 2019, there are 10 communes with more than 30,000 inhabitants: With a population of 2,608,346 in 2019, Nord is the department with the largest population. The President of the Departmental Council is the unaffiliated right-winger Christian Poiret. The first President of the Fifth Republic , General Charles de Gaulle ,

130-690: A dialect of Old Dutch . This has remained evident in the place names of the region. After the County of Flanders became part of France in the 9th century, the isogloss moved north and east. During the 14th century, much of the area came under the control of the Duchy of Burgundy and in subsequent centuries was therefore part of the Habsburg Netherlands (from 1482) and the Spanish Netherlands (1581). Areas that later constituted Nord were ceded to France by treaties in 1659, 1668, and 1678, becoming

156-562: Is the part of France where the French Flemish dialect of Dutch has historically been spoken as a native language. Similarly, the distinct French Picard dialect Ch'ti is spoken there. Until the 17th century, the history of the North (Nord, French department) was largely in common with the history of Belgium (the Celtics Belgians during Antiquity were a multitude of Celtic peoples from

182-504: The Holy Roman Empire ) in 925. Together with the surrounding area, Cambrai constituted a county, which would become known as Cambrésis , the genitive of Cambrai . The last dynastic count, Arnulf of Valenciennes , renounced his comital rights to Cambrésis to obtain the support of the bishop of Cambrai against his enemy Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders . The German king Henry II transferred

208-738: The Niderlendisch vnnd Westuelisch Krayß ('Netherlandish and Westphalian Circle') with the obligation of providing 44 cavalrymen and 164 infantrymen. The Imperial Register of 1663 mentions: 'Vor disem hat man zum Westphälischen Craisse auch gerechnet die Bischöffe von Vtrecht vnd Camerach' ("For this, one has also counted the Bishops of Utrecht and Camerach to the Westphalian Circle"). In their 1654 Topographia Circuli Burgundici , part of Topographia Germaniae series, Martin Zeiler and Matthäus Merian

234-950: The Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 , it had no representation at the States General of the Habsburg Netherlands , and thus was not one of the Seventeen Provinces . When the Imperial Circles were introduced in 1500, Cambrésis was included into the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle . In the Imperial Register of 1521, the bishop of Camerich is recorded as having the duty to provide a contingent of 22 men on horse and 82 men on foot, and 120 Rhenish guilders . The 1532 Imperial Register records Camerich in

260-521: The Roman Empire in the 3rd and 4th century due to its textile industry, taking over as administrative capital of the civitas Nerviorum from Bagacum Nerviorum (modern Bavay ) around 400. As a Roman cultural capital it maintained its importance as the seat of a bishop (which it became before 400 ), whose jurisdiction stretched to medieval Hainaut and Brabant in the north. Early medieval sources such as Volume II of Gregory of Tours ' History of

286-565: The "natural regions" of France, and roughly equivalent to the Arrondissement of Cambrai in department Nord . The capital of Cambrésis was Cambrai . Originally ruled by a dynasty of counts , Cambrésis became a prince-bishopric in 1007, comparable to the Prince-Bishopric of Liège and the Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht . It encompassed the territory in which the bishop of Cambrai had secular authority. Cameracum became important during

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312-619: The ABC.' Zieler and Merian thus pointed out that Cambrésis was de jure still an independent principality, whose bishop held both secular and religious authority, but it was surrounded by Spanish territories and occupied by Spanish troops, and like other writers before them, they decided to geographically describe Cambrésis in conjunction with the lands of the Burgundian Circle rather than the Westphalian Circle to which Cambrésis officially belonged. The further history of Cambrésis would be related under

338-642: The Counties of Flanders and Hainaut , and part of the Bishopric of Cambrai . On 4 March 1790, during the French Revolution , Nord became one of the original 83 departments created to replace the counties. Modern government policies making French the only official language have led to a decline in use of the Dutch West Flemish dialect. There are currently 20,000 speakers of a sub-dialect of West Flemish in

364-718: The Elder described Cambrésis as the Stifft Camerich : 'Concerning the Prince-Bishopric of Camerich : formally, this [land] belongs to the [Holy] Roman Empire and to the Westphalian Circle, and in this book, it is also considered as such. The Bishop of this Bishopric, who is both the Spiritual and Temporal Lord there, has his own seat and vote in the Imperial Diet . Nevertheless, the capital city of Camerich , or Cameracum , currently has

390-454: The Franks (written late 6th century) and the anonymous Liber historiae Francorum (written early 8th century) mention a Salian Frankish warlord named Chlodio or Chlogio, who conquered Turnacum (modern Tournai ) and Cameracum in the 5th century. According to Lanting & van der Plicht (2010), this probably happened in the period 445–450. Around 509, the ruler of Cameracum , Ragnachar ,

416-598: The Prince-Bishopric of Cambrai was formally neutral, its war-time neutrality was frequently violated by both French and Habsburg troops, and ever since Charles V placed a garrison inside Cambrai in 1543, Cambrésis remained inside the Habsburg sphere of influence until 1679. It was never annexed by Habsburg, however: it was not added to the Burgundian Circle , it was mentioned in neither the Transaction of Augsburg of 1548, nor

442-561: The arrondissement of Dunkirk and it appears likely that this particular sub-dialect will be extinct within decades. Nord is part of the current Hauts-de-France region and is surrounded by the French departments of Pas-de-Calais , Somme , and Aisne , as well as by Belgium and the North Sea . Its area is 5,742.8 km (2,217.3 sq mi). It is the longest department in metropolitan France , measuring 184 km from Fort-Philippe in

468-523: The comital rights to the bishop of Cambrai in 1007, in line with the Ottonian policy of creating an Imperial Church System . As a worldly lord, the bishop thus became a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire. From the end of the 11th to the end of the 12th century, the emperors designated the counts of Flanders as guardians of the county, resulting in extensive Flemish influence. The city of Cambrai itself resisted episcopal rule ever since 1077, and eventually became

494-518: The decline of coal mining with its neighbours, following the earlier decline of the Lille-Roubaix textile industry. Cambr%C3%A9sis Cambrésis ( French: [kɑ̃bʁezi] , Dutch : Kamerijk , German : Kammerich ) is a former pagus , county and prince-bishopric of the medieval Holy Roman Empire that was annexed to the Kingdom of France in 1679. It is now regarded as one of

520-465: The entry of the city of Cambrai, which was to be found alphabetically rather than geographically. Cambrésis was not annexed by the French kings until the 1678 Peace of Nijmegen after a siege in 1677 , becoming part of the French province Flandre and Hainaut . The count-bishops continued to refer to themselves as princes of the Holy Roman Empire until the French Revolution . On 2 November 1789, during

546-557: The major port of Bononia (Boulogne) to Colonia (Cologne), by co-opting Germanic peoples north-east of this corridor, such as the Tungri . In effect, the area known later as Nord became an isogloss (linguistic border) between the Germanic and Romance languages. Saxon colonisation of the region from the 5th to the 8th centuries likely shifted the isogloss further south so that, by the 9th century, most people immediately north of Lille spoke

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572-549: The north of Gaul ). The historical French provinces that preceded Nord are French Flanders , French Hainaut (part of Hainaut and Flanders is in the Kingdom of Belgium ). Tribes of the Belgae , such as the Menapii and Nervii were the first peoples recorded in the area later known as Nord. During the 4th and 5th Centuries, Roman rulers of Gallia Belgica secured the route from

598-453: The north-west to Anor in the south-east. Situated in the north of the country along the western half of the Belgian frontier, the department is unusually long and narrow. The principal rivers are the following: Yser , Lys , Escaut , Scarpe , Sambre . The most populous commune is Lille , the prefecture. With nearby Roubaix , Tourcoing and Villeneuve-d'Ascq , it constitutes the center of

624-472: Was born in Lille in the department on 22 November 1890. Until recently, the department was dominated economically by coal mining, which extended through the heart of the department from neighbouring Artois into central Belgium . At the forefront of France's 19th century industrialisation, the area suffered severely during World War I and now faces the economic, social and environmental problems associated with

650-542: Was created from the western halves of the historical counties of Flanders and Hainaut , and the Bishopric of Cambrai . The modern coat of arms was inherited from the County of Flanders . Nord is the country's most populous département. It had a population of 2,608,346 in 2019. It also contains the metropolitan region of Lille (the main city and the prefecture of the département ), the fourth-largest urban area in France after Paris , Lyon and Marseille . The department

676-520: Was killed by his relative Clovis I , who then annexed the Frankish state around Cameracum . As an early Frankish territory, the Pagus Cambrecensis can be found in surviving records as early as 663. When the Frankish kingdom was divided in 843, Cambrai became part of Middle Francia and subsequently Lotharingia , with which it Cambrai came into the possession of East Francia (and subsequently

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