Misplaced Pages

#818181

80-506: The Corumbau Marine Extractive Reserve covers an area of 89,596.75 hectares (221,398.4 acres). It is an area of shoreline and sea off the coasts of the municipalities of Porto Seguro and Prado, Bahia . It consists of a belt of sea eight nautical miles wide along about 65 kilometres (40 mi) of coastline that extends from the Praia das Ostras in the south to the Praia do Espelho in the north. The reserve also includes mangroves in good condition at

160-544: A fragment of Atlantic Forest , and specifically to protect Brazil wood ( Pau Brasil , Caesalpinia echinata ). It contains the 894 hectares (2,210 acres) Rio dos Frades Wildlife Refuge , created in 2007 to protect the mouth of the Frades River . The municipality also contains part of the Corumbau Marine Extractive Reserve , a protected offshore fishing area of 89,597 hectares (221,400 acres). The city

240-602: A population density of 52.7 residents per square kilometer. The area that includes Porto Seguro and neighbouring Santa Cruz Cabrália and Eunápolis holds a distinctive place in Brazilian history: in 1500 it was the first landing point of Portuguese navigators, principally Pedro Álvares Cabral . The climate in Porto Seguro is warm, pleasant, and partly cloudy. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 19 °C lows (67 °F) to 29C highs (84 °F) and

320-500: A very diversified fauna . The name of the area refers to the cultivation of the palm oil , or Elaeis guineensis , likely imported from West Africa. It is connected to Salvador and the southern part of the state by ferryboats and the BA-001 highway, the second ecological highway along the Bahian coast, which connects the southern coastline and the extreme southern part of the state. It includes

400-411: A working-class neighborhood that was home to thousands of Afro-Brazilians. Since 1992, however, the overwhelming majority of these people have been forcibly removed and replaced by boutiques, NGO headquarters, government offices, folkloric representations, monuments, and amenities for tourists. In 2004, Bahia comprised 4.9% of the economic activity of Brazil and it has the biggest GDP of the states of

480-633: Is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation . It became part of the Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor , created in 2002. It is classed as IUCN protected area category VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources). An extractive reserve is an area used by traditional extractive populations whose livelihood is based on extraction, subsistence agriculture and small-scale animal raising. Its basic objectives are to protect

560-570: Is also home to groups known as "blocos-afros", including Olodum , Timbalada , and Ilê Aiyê . Additionally, groups such as Novos Baianos , Chiclete com Banana , Camisa de Vênus , Banda Eva , BaianaSystem are based in Bahia. The first well-known rock'n roll singer in Brazil was also from Bahia. Born Raul Seixas , he was known as "Maluco Beleza" or "Peaceful Lunatic" (being "beleza (beauty)" in this manner means to be either "in peace" or "tranquil"). During

640-478: Is an important element of the traditional population using the reserve. An ordinance of 9 December 2011 recognised the extractive reserve supported about 450 families of fishers. Their isolated villages, accessed via unpaved roads and precarious bridges, have no electricity supply. The villagers cannot store their fish, so are dependent on middlemen with greater economic power. They lack capital to buy larger vessels that would give them greater independence. The reserve

720-599: Is crossed from west to east by many rivers , but the most important is the São Francisco , which starts in Minas Gerais and runs through western Bahia before emptying into the Atlantic between Sergipe and Alagoas . Formerly plied by paddlewheel steamers , the river is only navigable to small modern craft but is still vital to the arid west since it continuously supplies water during seasons. The Sobradinho Dam created one of

800-565: Is located Deputado Luís Eduardo Magalhães International Airport . The largest bay on the Brazilian coast , the Bay of All Saints ( Bahia de Todos os Santos ) has a large number of islands with tropical beaches and vegetation. In its 1,052 square km, it contains 56 islands, receives fresh water from numerous rivers and creeks (especially the Paraguaçú and Subaé) and bathes the first capital of Brazil and

880-620: Is now a predominantly working-class industrial and agricultural state. The state is home to 7% of the Brazilian population and produces 4.2% of the country's GDP. Bahia is bordered on the east by the Atlantic Ocean . The Bay of All Saints is the largest bay on the Brazilian coast. Under the Brazilian Empire , it was bounded on the north by the Rio Real and by the Jequitinhonha on

SECTION 10

#1732869610819

960-476: Is now considered one of the most important destinations of Brazil, receiving tourists from Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile. The city and surrounding area have some luxury hotels and hundreds of smaller hotels, as well as an airport well connected with the major Brazilian cities. Apart from tourism, other important activities are agriculture (especially cashew and coconut), reforestation with eucalyptus trees, cattle, and trade and services. The city offers one of

1040-523: Is part of the Bahia "Discovery Coast" and "Whale Coast" tourist destinations. Tourists come for whale watching expeditions that start from the communities of the reserve, especially Cumuruxatiba. The growth of tourism has created new social problems. One of the effects has been a rise in the cost of real estate in the coastal areas for construction of villas and hotels. Another is disruption of the village life by agents involved in tourism. Residents sell their homes for low prices and move to locations further from

1120-513: Is practically three times greater. Some factors that explain this are: the crops in Bahia are more extractivist, and those in Pará have a more modern and commercial style, in addition to paraenses using more productive and resistant seeds, and their region providing resistance to Witch's broom . In 2018, the Northeast was in third place among the regions that most produce sugar cane in the country. Brazil

1200-413: Is rarely below 18 °C (65 °F) or above 31 °C (88 °F). The temperature in Porto Seguro varies so little throughout the year that it is not entirely meaningful to discuss hot and cold seasons. Porto Seguro is divided into five districts The municipality contains the 1,151 hectares (2,840 acres) Pau-Brasil Ecological Station , a fully protected conservation unit created in 1997 to protect

1280-419: Is the 2nd largest producer of cotton in Brazil, losing only to Mato Grosso. In 2019, it harvested 1.5 million tonnes of the product. In soy , Brazil produced close to 120 million tons in 2019, being the largest world producer. In 2019, the Northeast produced close to 10.7 million tons, or 9% of the Brazilian total. The largest producer in the Northeast was Bahia (5.3 million tons). In

1360-512: Is the world's largest producer, with 672.8 million tons harvested this year. The Northeast harvested 45.7 million tons, 6.8% of national production. Alagoas is the largest producer, with 33.3% of Northeastern production (15.2 million tons). Pernambuco is the 2nd largest producer in the Northeast, with 22.7% of the total in the region (10.3 million tons). Paraíba has 11.9% of northeastern production (5.5 million tons) and Bahia, 10.24% of production (4.7 million tons). Bahia

1440-500: The sertão region of Bahia's far interior. The state has the Diamantina Tableland ( Chapada Diamantina ), which divides it into two distinct geographical zones. The rain falls regularly in the eastern section. The western area is more arid and its predominate vegetation the cerrado . The natural aridity was greatly worsened over the 19th century by the cowboys' habit of starting wildfires each year to improve

1520-602: The Beagle . In 1835, Bahia was the site of an urban slave revolt , the Malê Revolt of 1835 by the predominantly Muslim West African slaves at the time. The term malê was commonly used to refer to Muslims at the time from the Yoruba word imale . The revolt is particularly notable as the greatest slave rebellion in the history of the Bahia. Under the Empire , Bahia returned 14 deputies to

1600-563: The Afro-Brazilian Museum in Salvador. In the interior of the state, there is the traditional culture of the vaqueiros among agricultural communities. From the 1550s onward, in Bahia, these farmers were integral to the process of expansion away from the coasts of Brazil. There is a World Heritage Site in Salvador . Pelourinho was once Salvador's principal red-light district as well as

1680-580: The Empire of Brazil , as members in the local elite remained loyal to the Portuguese crown after the rest of the country proclaimed independence under Pedro I on 7 September 1822. Control of the province was disputed in several battles, mostly in Pirajá, before the Portuguese were fully expelled on 2 July 1823. It became a Brazilian state in 1889. Charles Darwin visited Bahia in 1832 on his famous voyage on

SECTION 20

#1732869610819

1760-518: The First Brazilian Republic ( República Velha ) the biggest name in the state's politics was José Joaquim Seabra, also known as J. J. Seabra; the Vargas era and the subsequent re-democratization period saw the rise of Juracy Magalhães and Otávio Mangabeira , respectively. During the military dictatorship , the governorship of Antônio Carlos Magalhães (also known by his initials, ACM) marked

1840-661: The Governor , the Legislative Assembly and the Court of Justice of the State of Bahia , respectively. Elected terms last four years, with state and federal elections being held simultaneously. The governor of the state is limited to two consecutive terms. The Legislative Assembly is composed of 63 state deputies. At the federal level, Bahia is represented by three senators and 39 federal deputies . Municipal elections are held two years after

1920-666: The Poço Encantado . Many of the sites are protected by the National Park of the Diamantina Tableland and the Environmental Preservation Area Serra do Barbado and Marimbus, Iraquara. Bahia's climate is tropical. It has the longest coastline of the country: 1,103 km long (685 miles; north coast: 143; Bay of All Saints: 124; and southern: 418). With 68% of its territory located in the semi-arid zone,

2000-530: The São Francisco Church  [ pt ] , where Ynaiá, an Indian woman who died for the love of a crewmember of Portuguese navigator Gonçalo Coelho's fleet, was buried. The São Francisco Church is said to be the first one built in Brazil in baroque style, probably in 1504, whose ruins date to 1730. The Nossa Senhora da Penha Matrix Church Located on Pero de Campos Tourinho Square, in Cidade Alta, it

2080-649: The capoeira (martial art emerged in Quilombo dos Palmares , located in the state of Alagoas ), African-derived music such as samba (especially Brazilian samba precursor, the samba-de-roda), afoxé , and axé , and a cuisine with strong links to western Africa. Bahia is the birthplace of many noted Brazilian artists, writers and musicians. Among the noted musical figures born in the state are Dorival Caymmi , Joao Gilberto , Gilberto Gil , Raul Seixas , Pepeu Gomes , Margareth Menezes , Daniela Mercury , Carlinhos Brown , Ivete Sangalo , and Pitty . The city of Salvador

2160-476: The 130 square kilometres (50 sq mi) length of Bahia’s historical southern coastline. Porto Seguro Airport was opened in 1982. Its passenger terminal was very simple and small; this building is now occupied by the Fire Department of the city. In 1997, the airport was reopened, having received a new passenger terminal, new aircraft parking lot, and extension of runway to operate large aircraft. In 2010

2240-517: The 17th century and was one of the first Brazilian writers, and Fr. António Vieira , who during the colonial period was one of many authors who contributed to the expansion of the Portuguese language throughout the Brazilian territory. One of Brazil's most prominent writers of the 20th century, Jorge Amado , was born in the southeastern Bahian city of Itabuna , and resided for many years in Salvador. His major novels include Gabriela, Clove and Cinnamon ; Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands ; and Tieta,

2320-416: The 18th centuries and contains a number of historic towns, such as Cachoeira , dating from this era. Integral to the sugar economy was the importation of a vast number of African slaves : more than a third of all slaves taken from Africa were sent to Brazil, mostly to be processed in Bahia before being sent to work in plantations elsewhere in the country. The state was the last area of the country to join

2400-429: The 19th century, one of Brazil's greatest poets, the Bahian abolitionist poet and playwright Castro Alves , a native of the recôncavo city of Cachoeira , penned his poem, Navio negreiro , about slavery; the poem is considered a masterpiece of Brazilian Romanticism and a central anti-slavery text. Other notable Bahian writers include playwright and screenwriter Dias Gomes , Gregório de Matos , who wrote during

2480-590: The 5th-largest by area. Bahia's capital is the city of Salvador (formerly known as "Cidade do São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos", literally "City of the Saint Savior of the Bay of All the Saints"), on a spit of land separating the Bay of All Saints from the Atlantic. Once a stronghold of supporters of direct rule of Brazil by the Portuguese monarchy, and dominated by agricultural , slaving , and ranching interests, Bahia

Corumbau Marine Extractive Reserve - Misplaced Pages Continue

2560-506: The Cacao Coast. Highway BA-001 links the municipalities, nearly always bordering the coastline. The most important locations at Cacao Coast are: Itacaré, Ilhéus, and Olivença. The Discovery Coast preserves, virtually intact, the landscape seen by the Portuguese fleet described in the first pages of the history of Brazil . There are approximately 150 km (93 mi) of beaches, inlets, bays, cliffs, numerous rivers and streams surrounded by

2640-525: The Expo 98 Round the World Rally, which consider the bay an important stop along the route. The islands of the bay are a separate attraction. Some are privately owned, others were declared a state heritage and transformed into Environmental Protection Areas or ecological stations. Other islands are the patrimony of 12 municipalities located around the bay. Only a few are uninhabited and many have small communities where

2720-495: The Goat Girl , all of which became internationally renowned films. Other notable authors from Bahia include the fiction writers João Ubaldo Ribeiro and historic writer Euclides da Cunha , who wrote " Os Sertões ". In the visual and plastic arts, one of the best known Bahian figures was the multigenre artist and Argentinian native Hector Julio Páride Bernabó, also known as Carybé (1911–1997). Fine examples of his work are visible in

2800-550: The North and Northeast. The industrial sector is the largest component of GDP at 48.5%, followed by the service sector at 40.8%. Agriculture represents 10.7% of GDP (2004). Bahia exports: chemicals 22.4%, fuel 17.5%, mineral metallics 13%, paper 9.4%, cacao 5.6%, vehicles 4.8%, soybean 4.5% (2002). In addition to important agricultural and industrial sectors, the state also has considerable mineral and petroleum deposits. In recent years, soy cultivation has increased substantially in

2880-411: The Northeast were Ceará and Bahia. In cassava production, Brazil produced a total of 17.6 million tons in 2018. Maranhão was the 7th largest producer in the country, with 681 thousand tons. Ceará was 9th, with 622 thousand tons. Bahia was 10th with 610 thousand tons. In total, the northeast produced 3,5 million tons. Bahia was the fourth largest producer of oranges in Brazil in 2018, with

2960-595: The Parque Nacional do Monte Pascoal, Caraíva, Trancoso, Arraial d'Ajuda, the environmental protection areas of Santo Antônio and Coroa Vermelha, to the mouth of the Rio João de Tiba as far as the Rio Jequitinhonha are among the various ecological trips available. The geographical center of Bahia is the Diamantina Tableland ( Chapada Diamantina ) region. It is a mountainous region with diversified topography. 90% of

3040-412: The State presents diversified climates and an average rainfall that varies from 363 to 2,000 mm (14.3 to 78.7 in) per year, depending on the region. The Portuguese Pedro Álvares Cabral sighted Monte Pascoal ("Easter Mountain") near Itamaraju and landed at what is now Porto Seguro on the southern coast of Bahia in 1500, claiming the territory for Portugal . In 1549, Portugal established

3120-619: The airport had some major renovations preparing the city to host several of the International football teams who had a training camp in Porto Seguro for the 2014 FIFA World Cup . Saiba Tudo Acesse : Porto Seguro - Bahia Bahia Bahia ( Portuguese: [baˈiɐ] ) is one of the 26 states of Brazil , located in the Northeast Region of the country. It is the fourth-largest Brazilian state by population (after São Paulo , Minas Gerais , and Rio de Janeiro ) and

3200-476: The beach, follow trails in the rainforest and bathe on completely deserted beaches such as Garapuá. Along the southern coast of Bahia, the Cacao Coast preserves ecological sanctuaries with dozens of kilometers of beaches shaded by dense coconut groves, the Atlantic Forest , large areas of wetland vegetation and cacao plantations . Walking along paths in the forest or along the beaches, horseback riding along

3280-499: The city of Salvador on a hill facing the Bay of All Saints . The city and surrounding captaincy served as an administrative capital of Portugal's colonies in the Americas until 1763. It remained the religious capital of Brazil's Roman Catholic hierarchy, with its archbishop serving as the national primate until 1907. Salvador holds the country's oldest cathedral and first medical college (1810), and an engineering school

Corumbau Marine Extractive Reserve - Misplaced Pages Continue

3360-766: The coast, boat trips up the vast number of rivers are some of the options that the region offers. Here one can find Environmental Protection Areas at Itacaré/Serra Grande and the Lagoa Encantada in Ilhéus , the Biological Reserve of Una and the Ecological Reserve of Prainha at Itacaré. From the Morro de Pernambuco to Canavieiras, there are 110 km (68 mi) of beaches, with reefs , inlets , coconut grove and an infinite number of estuaries of rivers which extend throughout

3440-494: The coast. The anticipated transformation of the whole area into a Pataxó Indian Reservation also influences the decision to sell their homes. Porto Seguro Porto Seguro ( Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpoʁtu siˈɡuɾu] , Safe Harbor in English), is a city located in the far south of Bahia , Brazil . The city has an estimated population of 150,658 (2020), covers 2,287 square kilometres (883 sq mi), and has

3520-476: The far north to Praia do Forte, crosses this region maintaining a critical distance from the areas of environmental preservation. For this reason, the route is sometimes more than 10 km (6.2 mi) from the beach. At Praia do Forte, the road meets the Coconut Road (Estrada do Côco) leading to Salvador, passing through spots, which are now integrated in the urban development of the state capital. In this region

3600-500: The general assembly and 7 senators; its own provincial assembly consisted of 36 members. In the 19th century, cotton , coffee , and tobacco plantations joined those for sugarcane and the discovery of diamonds in 1844 led to large influx of "washers" ( garimpeiros ) until the still-larger deposits in South Africa came to light. A smaller boom hit Caetité in 1872 upon the discovery of amethysts there. The cattle industry of

3680-653: The government of the state of Bahia oscillated between two parties, the Partido da Frente Liberal (PFL, now the Democrats ) and the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB). The Workers' Party (PT) was elected to the governorship in 2007 and has held it ever since, through five successive elections (2006, 2010, 2014, 2018, and 2022). As a federative unit of Brazil, Bahia has its own three branches of government (executive, legislative, judiciary), which are operated by

3760-556: The interior led to the development of Feira de Santana before collapsing in a series of droughts. Historically, Bahia's politics and that of the country have been closely intertwined, initially due to Salvador's status as the first capital of Brazil. During the imperial period , several prime ministers originated from Bahia; during the early years of the Republic, Bahia produced some noteworthy national figures, such as Ruy Barbosa , Cezar Zama, and Aristides Spínola, amongst others. During

3840-657: The islands, and boat races. Events and sport activities occur throughout the year, beginning on 1 January, with the Procession of Bom Jesus dos Navegantes greeting the New Year. All Saints' has also been traditionally the venue for rowing contests at the Enseada dos Tainheiros, in Salvador and now the bay is included in the routes of the great international regattas , such as the Ralley Les Iles du Soleil, regatta Hong Kong Challenge and

3920-535: The largest in the Northeast , Salvador, and more than ten municipalities. It is the largest navigable bay in Brazil and one of the most favorite spots for nautical sports, due to its regular breezes, medium annual temperature of 26 °C (79 °F) and sheltered waters. The bay offers various leisure options, with hundreds of vessels of all different types, especially saveiros, schooners, motor boats, jet ski that criss-cross its crystalline waters on maritime excursions to

4000-576: The largest reservoirs in the world; other major hydroelectric projects along its length include the Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Complex and the Itaparica or Luiz Gonzaga Dam . Bahia's geographical regions comprise the Atlantic Forest ; the maritime region ( Recôncavo ) radiating from the Bay of All Saints, the site of sugar and tobacco cultivation; and the Planalto , which includes

4080-534: The last stretches of Atlantic forest in the Northeastern area of Brazil. The area is aimed at preserving valuable woods such as Brazil wood, and still hosts many species of animals threatened by extinction, including the collared sloth and black bear. Recife de Fora Sea Park It was the first city-owned park in Brazil. During low tide, visitors can view a wide range of coral reefs, fish, and many sea species. Glória Hillock These are ruins of what many consider to be

SECTION 50

#1732869610819

4160-562: The leader in the country. However, the sector has been suffering strong competition and losing market to Indonesia, the Philippines and India, the world's largest producers, who even export coconut water to Brazil. In addition to climatic problems, the low productivity of coconut palms in the Northeast Region is the result of factors related to the variety of coconut harvested and the technological level used in coastal regions. In these areas,

4240-644: The livelihoods and culture of these people and to ensure sustainable use of natural resources. A deliberative council was established on 21 September 2002. The conservation unit is the Abrolhos region, which contains reefs that support the highest marine biodiversity in the South Atlantic. The reefs include endemic species such as Mussismilia braziliensis , Favia leptophylla , Olindagorgia gracilis , Plexaurella regia and Muricea flammea , and support marine organisms such as molluscs and crustaceans. Protected species in

4320-450: The most famous Carnival parties in Bahia. “Electric Trios” (trucks carrying sound systems and live bands), dancing “blocos” and “cordões” (street dancing groups) drag thousands of tourists along the "Passarela do Álcool" Passageway (the traditional local avenue) and to beach bars. Historical Downtown Area The historical site in the Cidade Alta area is a National Heritage Monument put under government trust by federal decree since 1973. It

4400-507: The mouths of the Caraíva , Corumbau and Cahy rivers. It is offshore from the Monte Pascoal and Descobrimento national parks. The Corumbau Marine Extractive Reserve was created through mobilisation of the traditional community of fishing people in response to declining stocks. They were suffering from predatory industrial fisheries. It was established by federal decree on 21 September 2000 and

4480-506: The municipalities of Valença, Cairu and the International attractions of Morro de São Paulo, Camamu , Taperoá, Igrapiúna, Ituberá and Maraú. The mouth of the Rio Una , in the form of a delta , contains 26 islands, the largest of which is Ilha de Tinharé , where the Morro de São Paulo is located. At Boipeba and Cairú, which are part of the archipelago of Tinharé, the diversity of the ecosystems enables visitors to practice water sports , walk along

4560-425: The natives live on fishing and tourism. All have common characteristics, such a calm sea, dense vegetation, especially coconuts and bananas , as well as vestiges of the Atlantic Forest . Of the 56 islands, the most important are Itaparica , Madre de Deus, Maré, Frades, Medo, Bom Jesus dos Passos. The Dendê Coast, south of Salvador , is surrounded by verdant vegetation, clear waters, islands, bays, coral reefs and

4640-420: The original formats, giving visitors the impression of being back 500 years in time to pre-Columbian Brazil. The Discovery Outdoors Museum An outdoors, natural museum, whose “art galleries” are its beaches, valleys and natural trails and whose “collection” is a set of geographical formations and traditional villages, disposed as art works in permanent exhibition, engraved in ancient media, which are spread along

4720-423: The politics of Bahia for three decades, with one brief defeat in 1980 by Waldir Pires . Despite this defeat ACM later occupied many other public offices; he died in 2007 while serving as senator. ACM's wide-reaching influence in the state's politics has been dubbed "Carlismo", and is considered an example of a larger phenomenon called coronelismo ("colonel-ism"). After the end of military rule in Brazil in 1985,

4800-422: The production of cocoa , for a long time, Bahia led the Brazilian production. Today, it is disputing the leadership of national production with the state of Pará. In 2017 Pará obtained the leadership for the first time. In 2019, people from Pará harvested 135 thousand tons of cocoa, and Bahians harvested 130 thousand tons. Bahia's cocoa area is practically three times larger than that of Pará, but Pará's productivity

4880-559: The production of maize , in 2018 Brazil was the 3rd largest producer in the world, with 82 million tons. The Northeast produced about 8.4% of the country's total. Bahia was the largest producer in the Northeast, with 2.2 million tons. In 2018, the South Region was the main producer of beans with 26.4% of the total, followed by the Midwest (25.4%), Southeast Region (25.1%), Northeast (20.6%) and North (2.5%). The largest producers in

SECTION 60

#1732869610819

4960-466: The quality of the grass. The Chapada Diamantina National Park is home to picturesque chapadões . The Coconut Coast, in the north of Bahia, corresponds to a total of 193 km (120 mi) of coastline, where coconut groves, dunes, rivers, swamps and fresh water lagoons are abundant as well as the presence of the Atlantic Rain Forest . The Green Road, a road that connects Mangue Seco in

5040-416: The region as an area of Extreme Biological Importance for the conservation of coastal and marine biodiversity of Brazil. The reserve holds areas where fish and shrimp are caught, of vital economic importance to the local communities. It is used by the communities of Curuípe, Caraíva, Barra Velha Indigenous Village, Corumbau, Veleiro, Barra do Cahy, Imbassuaba, Cumuruxatiba and Japara. The Pataxó ethnic group

5120-583: The reserve include the Néon Elacatinus figaro , Coral-de-fogo Millepora alcicornis and Gorgônia Phyllogorgia dilatata . The region is the main breeding ground for humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) between July and October. Sea turtles feed in the area, and the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) lays its eggs on beaches in the region. In 2002 the Ministry of the Environment (MMA) classified

5200-481: The rivers of the Paraguaçu, Jacuípe, and Rio das Contas basins have their source here. There are thousands of kilometers of clear waters that spring from these mountains and descend in cascades and waterfalls to plateaus and plains, forming natural pools. The vegetation mixes cactus species of the caatinga dry lands with rare examples of the mountain flora , especially bromeliads , orchids and "sempre vivas" (member of

5280-462: The semi-extractive cultivation system still prevails, with low fertility and without the adoption of cultural management practices. The three states that have the largest production, Bahia, Sergipe and Ceará, present a yield three times lower than that of Pernambuco, which is in 5th place in the national production. This is because most of the coconut trees in these three states are located in coastal areas and cultivated in semi-extractivist systems. In

5360-419: The south, but Bahia now comprises an irregular shape bound by other states of Brazil , some of which were formed from it. In the north, it is now bordered (from east to west) by Sergipe , Alagoas , Pernambuco and Piauí . In the northwest, it is bordered by Tocantins . In the southwest, it borders Goiás , and in the south it is bordered (from east to west) by Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais . The state

5440-587: The state and federal elections. The state capital is the city of Salvador , but once a year the capital is moved to Cachoeira in recognition of the city's importance in the struggle for the independence of Brazil . There are 10,110,100 registered voters, according to data from 2012, making Bahia the state with the fourth highest number of voters in the country. Most voters reside in the capital (and most populous city), Salvador. All 29 parties registered in Brazil have chapters in Bahia. According to IBGE data of 2022, there were 14,141,626 people residing in

5520-449: The state more than doubled from 2004 to 2014, ranking first out of the 26 states of Brazil. In 2014, the state also had the highest number of murders in the country. Religion in Bahia (2010) As the chief locus of the early Brazilian slave trade, Bahia is considered to possess the greatest and most distinctive African imprint, in terms of culture and customs, in Brazil. These include the Yoruba -derived religious system of Candomblé ,

5600-508: The state. During the colonial and imperial periods , Bahia was a center of Brazilian sugarcane production and slave trading . In the 19th century, the Bay of All Saints was also a whaling spot, as some species of whales used the bay as a mating ground. By that time, the province was also growing cotton , coffee , and tobacco with great success. mandioc , rice , beans , and corn , saffron , oranges , mangoes , and other fruit were grown for local consumption. The arid interior

5680-488: The state. The population density was 24.93 inhabitants per square kilometre (64.6/sq mi). Urban population: 67.4% (2006); Population growth: 1.1% (1991–2000); Houses: 3,826,000 (2006). The last National Census in 2022 showed the following numbers: 8,103,964 Brown ( Multiracial ) people (57.3%), 2,772,837 White people (19.60%), 3,164,691 Black people (22.4%), 83,658 Amerindian people (0.6%). According to Instituto Socioambiental , there are 14 Indigenous groups in

5760-437: The state: Atikum, Kaimbé, Kantaruré, Kiriri, Pankaru, Pankararé, Pataxó , Pataxó Hã-ha- hãe, Payayá, Truká, Tumbalalá, Tupinambá , Tuxá and Xukuru-Kariri. Historically, the population was estimated at 1.45 million in the 1870s and was 1.92 million at the time of the 1890 Brazilian census. Bahia has one of the highest crime rates in the country, having four of the ten most violent cities in Brazil. Gun violence in

5840-513: The strawflower family). On the area one, can find the three highest mountains in the state: Pico do Barbado, 2,080 m (6,820 ft) high, Pico Itobira, 1,970 m (6,460 ft), and Pico das Almas, 1,958 m (6,424 ft). Another scenic attraction is the Cachoeira da Fumaça ("Waterfall"), which falls 420 m (1,380 ft); the Gruta dos Brejões, the largest cavern opening of Bahia; and

5920-427: The verdant coconut groves, wetlands and the Atlantic Forest . There are various types of water sports, walks, trips on horseback, surfing and deep sea diving trips available. Recife de Fora, Coroa Alta and Trancoso can be reached in one day schooner excursions. BA-001 and two ferryboat systems over the Rio João de Tiba and Rio Buranhém connect the municipalities with the coast. Trips from Barra do Cai, passing through

6000-528: Was built at the end of the 18th century. It comprises a nave, a main chapel, a sacristy, and a bell tower. Jaqueira Indigenous Protection Reservation A huge jackfruit tree trunk, tumbled down by nature itself, represents the return to one’s origins and acts as a historical and cultural reference to honor the ancestral fathers and mothers of Pataxó families who recently moved into this 8.27 square kilometres (3.19 sq mi) Indian protection area. Their huts, spread around original Atlantic Forest woods, retain

6080-497: Was discovered by Portuguese warriors. It includes swamp areas, salt marshes, river marshes, and a coastline around the rocky, high, round hill, considered the first point of land to be seen by the Portuguese traveler Pedro Álvares Cabral’s crew. It extends over an area of 144.8 square kilometres (55.9 sq mi), including the Pataxó tribe’s indigenous protection land. Besides its historical importance, it also offers protection to one of

6160-464: Was established in 1899. Bahia's captaincy was the first to fail, with its lands reverting to the Portuguese crown in 1549. While Portugal was united with Spain , the Dutch West India companies tried to conquer Bahia but was unsuccessful in the area, with Dutch Brazil restricted to the area from Pernambuco Northward. Bahia was a center of sugarcane cultivation from the 16th to

6240-461: Was mostly used for cattle-farming , but this was ruined by a series of droughts caused in part by the custom of starting annual wildfires to improve the grass. Diamonds , gold , and amethysts were panned for in the rivers, while coal was mined on Itaparica . cacao was being farmed by the time of the First World War . It grew more than the national average, due to the fact that the state

6320-406: Was one of the first towns in Brazil and played an important role during the first years of European colonization. It includes three churches and around 40 buildings (among private residential houses and public institutions), restored by the state government for the 500th anniversary celebration of Brazilian discovery. Monte Pascoal National Park Created in 1961 to preserve the place where Brazil

6400-470: Was previously below the average level. In agriculture , the state stands out in the production of cotton , cocoa , soy and tropical fruits such as coconut , papaya , mango , banana and guarana , in addition to also producing sugar cane , orange , beans and cassava , among others. In 2017, the Northeast Region was the largest producer of coconut in the country, with 74.0% of national production. Bahia produced 351 million fruits, being

#818181