Cooperative education (or co-operative education ) is a structured method of combining classroom-based education with practical work experience .
115-403: A cooperative education experience, commonly known as a " co-op " or work-study program, provides academic credit for structured work experiences, helping young people in school-to-work transition . It falls under the umbrella of work-integrated learning (alongside internships, service learning, and clinical placements) but is distinct, as it alternates a school term with a work term, reflecting
230-514: A CSL placement allows students to blend hands-on learning, community service and classroom learning in one experience. Many learning outcomes can be achieved through Community Service Learning. Examples of learning outcomes include: social responsibility, intellectual growth, leadership development, appreciating diversity, collaboration, career and educational goals, self-awareness and clarified values. CSL placements at Wilfrid Laurier University last approximately 10 weeks and typically involve attending
345-706: A broader range of materials. In 2010, UC recycled just over 4,600 tons of material, which was a 23 percent increase over the previous year. Admission to the University of Cincinnati is classified as "selective" in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . The Princeton Review gives Cincinnati an "Admissions Selectivity Rating" of 85 out of 99. The college extends offers of admission to 87.7% of all applicants after holistic review that includes examination of academic rigor, performance and admissions test scores. Of all matriculating students,
460-414: A clear or consistent definition of cooperative education, researchers cannot accurately identify variables and findings cannot be compared; theory is not well developed; theory, research, and practice are not integrated; and co-op research does not adhere to established standards. Another set of problems involves perceptions of the field and its marginalization. Because of its "vocational" association, co-op
575-406: A community organization for two hours/week. Although there are many benefits to the cooperative education programme, there are some downsides. The negative implications do not fully compromise the number of students undertaking the study, but rather how the programme will affect the government's future funding for education. A huge burden that cooperative education brings to the education institution
690-757: A degree, allows certain disabled adults to take classes, interact with other students, and intern at companies. After four years, participants receive a certificate of completion. The University of Cincinnati was one of the first universities in the country to be classified by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching as a Community Engagement focused university and was one of only 35 research universities on this list. Student Activities & Leadership Development (SALD) oversees over 550 registered student organizations ranging from student government to religious organizations to spirit groups. Housed in
805-508: A familiar refrain in the literature is the lack of well-done research that empirically demonstrates these benefits ( Barton 1996 ; Wilson, Stull & Vinsonhaler 1996 ). Barton (1996) identifies some of the research problems for secondary co-op as follows: federal data collection on high school co-op enrollments and completions ceased in the 1980s; some studies use data in which co-op was not isolated from other work experience programs. Ricks et al. (1993) describe other problems: due to lack of
920-466: A guaranteed employment after the program. Therefore, some contracts include terms where students commit to stay with the company for at least two years after the program. Even without guaranteed employment, chances of getting a job are high anyway. Around 72% of students stay with the sponsoring company after studies for at least two to five years. A common issue is that many students want to do their masters afterwards. Not all companies are willing to support
1035-519: A host firm, giving students over one year of relevant work experience by the time they graduate. All programs in the College of Engineering and Applied Science, Architecture programs, all design programs in the College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning, and Information Technology in the College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services, require co-operative education experience to graduate. Each year UC welcomes roughly 375 students, or usually
1150-509: A lack of skilled workers. On the other hand, there was a need for more experienced workers which were not provided by vocational training, while universities could not provide skilled worker qualifications. In 1995, the standing conference of education ministers of the 16 German states declared vocational universities as equivalent to universities of applied sciences. In 1996, the science council recommended an increased focus on cooperative education. There were 45 cooperative programs in 1995, and
1265-507: A leading urban research university. In addition, it includes putting liberal arts education at the center, increasing research funding, and expanding involvement in the city. In 2009, Gregory H. Williams was named the 27th president of the University of Cincinnati. His presidency expanded the accreditation and property of the institution to regions throughout Ohio to compete with private and specialized state institutions, such as Ohio State University . His administration focused on maintaining
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#17329175439091380-642: A live polio vaccine and diphenhydramine . UC was also the first university to implement a co-operative education (co-op) model. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and is classified as "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" . UC's athletic teams are called the Cincinnati Bearcats and compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I as
1495-740: A major software company if job training were allocated according to local human resource needs, as many programs are structured. Local businesses also need to structure their operations to accommodate student workers, and transportation since typically schools are situated close to homes, and not businesses which are typically a car or transit commute away from homes. The Michigan STW Initiative states "students work without pay for two to three hours each day" and "students are able to perform what might otherwise be hazardous order work." which would contradict child labor laws. Data would be shared with state STW partnership network and local labor market areas which might be an invasion of privacy. The state would utilize
1610-540: A master program, since they argue that the result is sometimes not worth the additional investment. Since 1973, Canada has had a national body representing cooperative education and work integrated learning. This national body used to be called CAFCE (Canadian Association for Co-op Education) and was renamed CEWIL Canada (Cooperative Education and Work Integrated Learning Canada) in 2017. This organization has representatives from Canadian post-secondary institutions and employers who work together to develop resources to promote
1725-728: A member of the Big 12 Conference . In 1819, Cincinnati College and the Medical College of Ohio were founded in Cincinnati. Local benefactor Daniel Drake founded and funded the Medical College of Ohio. William Lytle of the Lytle family donated the land, funded the Cincinnati College and Law College, and served as its first president. The college survived only six years before financial difficulties forced it to close. In 1835, Daniel Drake reestablished
1840-465: A model for other co-op programs across Canada. These programs were based on both the sandwich education model popularized in Britain and the new American co-op programs. Canadian co-op programs generally follow a four-month school system interspersed with four-month work terms. This common system allows employers to hire students from multiple institutions with common timelines and training programs. In 1961,
1955-445: A new practical and research focus should be on the relationship between educational institutions and employers – institutions should take more initiative when it comes to training supervisors to be effective mentors. This would maximize the success of the work term and the amount the student learns, while also increasing the quality and quantity of the students' work. Drewery and Pretti (2015) echo this as they call for greater attention on
2070-540: A new vision involves conceiving, defining, and presenting co-op "as a curriculum model that links work and academics – a model that is based on sound learning theory" (p. 158). Ricks (1996) suggests affirming the work-based learning principles upon which co-op is based. These principles assert that cooperative education fosters self-directed learning, reflective practice, and transformative learning; and integrates school and work learning experiences that are grounded in adult learning theories. Fleming (2013) suggests that
2185-470: A number of initiatives designed to provide "learning opportunities beyond the classroom walls" ( Furco 1996 , p. 9). Because this has always been a principle of co-op, the field is in a position to capitalize on its strengths and the ways it complements other experiential methods in the effort to provide meaningful learning opportunities for students. To do this, however, cooperative education must be redesigned. For Wilson, Stull & Vinsonhaler (1996) ,
2300-641: A part of the university since 1840. There are over 2,500 students participating in fraternities and sororities, which represents approximately 11% of the undergraduate population (Uptown Campus). 52 chapters have called UC home over the years, and currently includes 39 social fraternities and sororities: 21 Interfraternity Council fraternities, nine Panhellenic Council sororities, seven National Pan-Hellenic Council (three fraternities and four sororities), and two non-affiliated (Delta Phi Lambda and Phi Sigma Rho ) organizations. The university competes in 19 Division I (NCAA) sports, and its athletics teams are known as
2415-462: A partnership between the academic institution and the employer, intended to advance the education of the student. The University of Waterloo operates the largest post-secondary co-op program in the world, with nearly 20,000 co-op students enrolled over three semesters in more than 120 programs. While at Lehigh University at the beginning of the 20th century, Herman Schneider (1872–1939), an engineer, architect, and educator, concluded that
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#17329175439092530-607: A placement at a community service site ( Derousi & Sherwood 1997 ). As in traditional co-op work placements, students get real-world training, opportunities to explore career options, and enhanced employability skills such as communication, problem solving, and leadership as well as awareness of community and social problems. Combining co-op and service learning thus prepares students for roles as workers and citizens. Research on highly successful co-op programs in Cincinnati ( Grubb & Villeneuve 1995 ) and at LaGuardia Community College ( Grubb & Badway 1998 ) shows that they share
2645-461: A public magnet high school in New Jersey , utilizes co-op education in a program called Senior Experience. This program allows all 12th grade students to participate in cooperative education or an internship opportunity for the full business day each Wednesday. Students explore a wide range of career possibilities. This new approach was recognized as an educational best practice and has been adopted as
2760-707: A residence hall in the summer of 2009. The Center for First-Year Experience provides leadership for each student's first-year experience and related academic program. The center serves as a resource for all the university's undergraduate colleges and programs. The program is a collaboration between UC colleges, academic programs, and student groups and is designed to help freshmen with the transition from high school to college. Learning communities are groups of about 20–25 students as well as faculty. Students take two classes together throughout their first year on campus, based on their major or area of study. There are nearly 120 learning communities to choose from. They are offered in
2875-550: A semester of academic coursework with an equal amount of time working, repeating this cycle several times until graduation. The parallel method splits the day between school and work, typically structured to accommodate the student's class schedule. Thus, like school-to-work (STW), the co-op model includes school-based and work-based learning and, in the best programs, "connecting activities" such as seminars and teacher-coordinator work site visits. These activities help students explicitly connect work and learning. Other models, such as
2990-549: A shorter period of time. Work Integrated Learning includes Cooperative Education which is typically a paid work experience of three, four, eight, twelve or sixteen months. When surveyed by Miriam Kramer in a study in 2011, 92% of students Agreed or Strongly Agreed that their co-op work term had a positive impact on critical & analytical thinking, problem solving and decision-making skills. In Canada, another grouping of industry and education professionals came together to create The Business Higher Education Roundtable (BHER). The BHER
3105-528: A state educational initiative for 12th grade students. Wilfrid Laurier University offers a wide variety of Community Service Learning (CSL) courses under the umbrella of Experiential Learning programs. Community Service Learning provides academic credit for participation in a placement within a community service organization. CSL course examples include psychology, human rights and human diversity, youth and children's studies, business, kinesiology, global studies, history, health studies, and geography. Completing
3220-423: A student misses a consecutive number of school days, they can start to fall behind in school work and will eventually be unable to cope with their workload. For students who attend school and also participate in the cooperative education programme, commonly called Work Placement or VET courses, they are no longer eligible to be granted direct entry into university. This then gives the student an option of TAFE entry,
3335-637: A summer break from school but instead are either working or in school for 12 months of the year. Before or during this work experience students may complete activities designed to maximize their learning on the job, such as online workplace conduct courses or reflective activities. Co-op's proponents identify benefits for students (including motivation, career clarity, enhanced employability, and vocational maturity) and employers (labor force flexibility, recruitment/retention of trained workers, and input into curricula) as well as educational institutions and society (ibid.). Beyond informal and anecdotal evidence, however,
3450-679: A university certified bridging course or go on to full-time work after completion of graduation. School-to-work and service learning have also been promoted as ways to link theory and practice through meaningful experiential learning experiences. Furco (1996) outlines the similarities between school-to-work and service learning. Although school-to-work, service learning, and co-op have different goals, each of his points also applies to cooperative education: The Community Service Scholarship Program at California State University -Fresno combines cooperative education with service learning. Students receive co-op/internship credit and scholarships for completing
3565-434: A variety of surveys and polls on public opinion throughout Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana, primarily through telephone surveys. The University of Cincinnati is the originator of the co-operative education (Co-Op) model. The concept was invented at UC in 1906 by Herman Schneider , Dean of the College of Engineering at the time. The program generally consists of alternating semesters of coursework on campus and outside work at
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3680-505: Is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation , UC spent $ 480 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 54th in the nation. The University of Cincinnati has 13 libraries, which are housed in 11 different facilities. The university library system has holdings of over 4 million volumes and 70,000 periodicals. The average circulation
3795-604: Is a public research university in Cincinnati , Ohio, United States. Founded in 1819 as Cincinnati College , it is the second oldest institution of higher education in the Cincinnati area (behind Miami University ) and has an annual enrollment of over 50,000 students, making it the second largest university in Ohio. It is part of the University System of Ohio . The university's primary uptown campus and medical campus are located in
3910-431: Is a combination of academic study at a university or vocational college and vocational education. The programs typically lead to a bachelor's degree . There are also a few Master's programs. Vocational training focuses on practical education. Trade schools focus on educating skilled workers . The first cooperative education programs, in terms of studies with integrated practical phases, started in 1970. The next step
4025-420: Is a shuttle that runs between this and main campus throughout the day. UC Online offers over 120 graduate, undergraduate and certificate programs through an online distance education platform. The university has had a strategic plan for the last decade for new architecture to be built by "signature architects." In recent years, the university has received attention from architects and campus planners as one of
4140-561: Is an apartment community owned and operated by the university. It is located close to the Academic Health Center (AHC) and medical campus. Two off-campus university-affiliated (but not university-managed) housing options were introduced in 2005: Stratford Heights and University Park Apartments. All leases in the Stratford Heights housing area have been terminated, and control of the housing complex reverted to University control as
4255-525: Is an independent, student-run newspaper and not attached to any academic program; therefore any student, regardless of program, is able to apply and work for the newspaper. A student-run radio station named Bearcast is housed in the College-Conservatory of Music on campus. The programming streams online as opposed to a traditional radio station and, like the News Record , is open to any student attending
4370-518: Is around 451,815 items and 116,532 reference transactions. The University of Cincinnati is a member of the Association of Research Libraries and the OhioLINK consortium of libraries. 6,500 students live on campus in ten residence halls that offer both traditional and suite style options. Students also have the option to live in themed housing, which include honors, business, and STEM -specific floors. In
4485-515: Is common in most Australian high schools and has been integrated into many university courses as a part of making up final grades. Australian institutions often refer to cooperative education as Work Placement, VET, or Prac. All of these involve students going into their chosen field and joining that field for a set number of weeks in unpaid work. This unpaid work goes towards credits for graduation in both schools and universities Australia-wide. The Australian government has been funding this program due to
4600-429: Is composed of more than fifty Cochise County public and private schools, kindergarten through four-year university level, local and community-based organizations, and more than one hundred supporting business partners. STW is part of a comprehensive education reform movement which includes formulating new standards which emphasize higher order thinking skills, new standards based assessments, and graduation exams, such as
4715-436: Is financial struggles. The financial struggles come from the schools and universities who put pressure on the departments of education for funding to keep the programme going. Implications directly to the students who participate in cooperative education is mainly based on direct learning at their institution, whether it is school or university. The cooperative education programme takes students away from school or university. As
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4830-415: Is not automatic. Therefore, Van Gyn (1996) recommends strengthening the reflective component that is already a part of some co-op models. "If co-op is only a vehicle for experience to gain information about the workplace and to link technical knowledge with workplace application, then its effectiveness is not fully developed" ( Van Gyn 1996 , p. 125). A Higher Education Council of Ontario paper reviewing
4945-558: Is not recognized as a vehicle for learning ( Ricks et al. 1993 ). Schaafsma (1996) and Van Gyn (1996) agree that the field places too much emphasis on placements rather than learning. Wilson, Stull & Vinsonhaler (1996) also decry the focus on administration, logistics, placements, and procedures. Some institutions are fully dedicated to the co-op ideal (such as Northeastern University , Drexel University , Georgia Institute of Technology , RIT , Kettering University , LaGuardia Community College , and Purdue University ). In others,
5060-402: Is not regarded as academically legitimate; rather, it is viewed as taking time away from the classroom ( Crow 1997 ). Experiential activities are necessarily rewarded in post-secondary promotion and tenure systems (except in certain extenuating situations), and co-op faculty may be isolated from other faculty ( Crow 1997 ; Schaafsma 1996 ). Despite the current emphasis on contextual learning, work
5175-479: The American College & University Presidents' Climate Commitment , which confirms the university's dedication to reducing its environmental impact and take the necessary steps to become climate neutral. In 2010, UC opened up a privately funded athletic practice facility and women's lacrosse stadium named Sheakley Athletic Complex. As a continued effort to go green, a chilled water thermal energy storage tank
5290-678: The Certificate of Initial Mastery which insure that students are ready for job training or college prep by age 16. Reformers believe that it is important and egalitarian that all students graduate ready for jobs and ready for college, rather than tracking students one way or the other. "Back to basics" traditionalists observe that in Europe, apprenticeships typically mean that the worker essentially ends their formal education after age 16, and works full-time at reduced pay in exchange for learning "job skills" such as assembling automobiles. Some believe that it
5405-578: The Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music was acquired by the university. The Ohio legislature in Columbus declared the university a "municipally-sponsored, state-affiliated" institution in 1968. During this time, the University of Cincinnati was the second oldest and second-largest municipal university in the United States. In 1971, the university became one of the first institutions in
5520-516: The Ford and Edison Foundations commissioned a study of cooperative education, published as Work-study college programs; appraisal and report of the study of cooperative education, (James Warner Wilson and Edward H Lyons, New York: Harper). This study led to the formation of the National Commission for Cooperative Education (NCCE). NCCE remains today to promote and lobby for cooperative education in
5635-524: The Heights and Corryville neighborhoods, with branch campuses located in Batavia and Blue Ash, Ohio . The university has 14 constituent colleges, with programs in architecture , business , education , engineering , humanities, the sciences , law , music , and medicine . The medical college includes a leading teaching hospital and several biomedical research laboratories, with developments made including
5750-557: The NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship in 1961 and 1962, both times against the Ohio State Buckeyes . Charles Keating won the 1946 200-meter butterfly national title for UC as a member of the men's swimming team, and, most recently, Josh Schneider did the same in the 50-yard (46 m) freestyle in 2010. In women's diving, Pat Evans (3 m dive – 1989) and Becky Ruehl (10 m dive – 1996) have brought home titles for
5865-800: The Northern Kentucky University (NKU) on July 1, 1993. This campus contains nineteen buildings on 57 acres (230,000 m ) in the Corryville neighborhood of Cincinnati. It is located diagonal to West campus on Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. The undergraduate colleges of Allied Health Sciences and Nursing, the graduate colleges of Medicine, and the James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy are located there. The hospitals located there include University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati VA Medical Center, and
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#17329175439095980-714: The "Bearcats". Since July 1, 2023, have been members of the Big 12 Conference . They were previously members of the American Athletic Conference (The American), Big East Conference , Conference USA (of which they were a founding member), the Great Midwest Conference , the Metro Conference, and the Mid-American Conference , among others. The university hosts various club sports, some of which are distinguished as Club Varsity. Some include
6095-568: The "on-campus" housing student population higher. UC's largest residence hall, Calhoun, was recently renovated, being finished in January 2023. Neighbors to Calhoun, Siddall Hall closed for renovation in December 2023 and is set to reopen in August 2024. UC Housing & Food Services manages ten undergraduate residence halls . The university also offers limited housing to graduate students. Bellevue Gardens
6210-451: The Bearcat hockey team and the club rowing team, which produced 2000 and 2004 Olympian Kelly Salchow. Notable Cincinnati Bearcats athletes include Sandy Koufax , Miller Huggins , Oscar Robertson , Jack Twyman , Omar Cummings , Kenyon Martin , Travis Kelce , Jason Kelce , Mary Wineberg and Tony Trabert . The university has four individual and six team championships. The Bearcats won
6325-537: The Bearcats. The UC dance team has won four National Championships from 2004 through 2006 and again in 2009. They are the first team in UC history to capture three consecutive national titles. They remain one of the top dance programs in the country and are the winningest team in University of Cincinnati history. In 2009 the dance team was also selected to represent the United States in the first world dance championships where they won
6440-538: The Canadian Post-Secondary Student, it is considered to be a benefit to add a co-operative work term to an undergraduate degree. Jeela Jones, representing the University of Ottawa , completed a qualitative study on students' co-operative work experience. She states that bringing theoretical concepts out of the classroom and into a related vocational workplace can produce educational benefits. She researched
6555-401: The College of Liberal Arts (1935) and the College of Education (1953), they became co-op schools as well. By the 1980s, Northeastern was the acknowledged leader in co-op education worldwide.( Smollins 1999 ) In 1926, Dean Schneider invited those interested in forming an Association of Co-operative Colleges (ACC) to the University of Cincinnati for the first convention. The idea took hold and
6670-457: The Medical campus. In spring of 2010 the University of Cincinnati was honored by being one of only 13 colleges and universities named by Forbes as one of "The World's Most Beautiful College Campuses". The Japanese Language School of Greater Cincinnati , a supplementary school for Japanese citizens , moved to UC in 1984, and was held in fourteen rooms at Swift Hall. It was scheduled to move to
6785-477: The Ohio-Miami Medical Department of the University of Cincinnati in 1909. As political movements for temperance and suffrage grew, the university established Teacher's College in 1905 and a Graduate School in the College of Arts and Sciences in 1906. The Queen City College of Pharmacy, acquired from Wilmington College (Ohio) , became the present James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy. In 1962,
6900-658: The Shriners Hospital for Children. This campus was formerly home to the College of Applied Science . It is roughly 3 miles (4.8 km) from main campus in the Walnut Hills neighborhood of Cincinnati and overlooks the Ohio River . When it merged with the College of Engineering to become the College of Engineering and Applied Science many of the classes were moved to the main campus, but limited courses are still taught there. There
7015-879: The Steger Student Life Center, the divisions overseeing these groups include Club Sports Board, Diversity Education, Greek Life, Leadership Development, Programming, RAPP, Undergraduate Student Government and Graduate Student Government. Other Student Life offices on campus include the African American Cultural & Resource Center, Bearcat Bands (the largest and oldest student group at UC), Early Learning Center, Ethnic Programs & Services, University Judicial Affairs, Resident Education & Development, Wellness Center, and Women's Center. There are several media outlets for university students. The student newspaper, The News Record , has been in production for more than 130 years, taking its current name in 1936. It
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#17329175439097130-487: The United States to offer a women's studies course, which was taught by Monika Triest and Sylvia Tucker. By an act of the Ohio Legislature , the University of Cincinnati became a state institution in 1977. In 1989, President Joseph A. Steger released a Master Plan for a stronger academy. Over this time, the university invested nearly $ 2 billion in campus construction, renovation, and expansion ranging from
7245-917: The United States. Its membership comprises sponsoring corporations and organizations (not individuals) from academia and business. Within Canada, the need for connections between co-op programs became clear by 1973. The Canadian Association for Co-operative Education (CAFCE) began with 29 educators from 15 institutions. In its initial form, it did not include any employers or industry representatives. The institutions felt that they should decide on an integrative plan for co-op education prior to admitting employers as members. In 1977, employers, HR representatives, and recruiters began to join CAFCE. By 1962, about 150 academic institutions used co-op education, in one form or another. Many were outside of engineering. The need for professional support of non-engineering programs became obvious, and
7360-580: The University of Cincinnati, based largely upon the strength of the co-op program. Throughout his career, he was an advocate for the co-op framework. His thirty years of service to the University of Cincinnati are partly credited for that institution's worldwide fame. In 2006, the University of Cincinnati unveiled a statue of Dean Schneider outside the window of his former office in Baldwin Hall. In 1965, The Cooperative Education and Internship Association (CEIA) created "The Dean Herman Schneider Award" in honor of
7475-418: The University of Waterloo's PD programs states that the reflective element of the program is one of the main strengths, as it encourages students to review their own experiences and learn from their work terms. Maureen Drysdale suggests in a 2012 paper that the reflective elements of co-op allow students to increase their career and personal clarity relative to non-co-op students. The Bergen County Academies ,
7590-463: The average high school GPA is 3.7. The interquartile range for SAT scores in math and reading are 570–690 and 580–670 respectively, while the range for ACT scores is 24–29. In its 2025 rankings, U.S. News & World Report ranked the university's undergraduate program 152nd (tied) among 436 national universities, and 81st among public national universities. U.S. News also ranks UC fifth for co-ops/internships. Amongst global universities, UC
7705-501: The basic philosophy and fundamental characteristics of the educational strategy of school-to-work. The reconceptualization of co-op should recognize and build upon this connection. At the same time, lessons from successful co-op programs can benefit the broader STW movement. School-to-work transition School-to-work transition is a phrase referring to on-the-job training , apprenticeships , cooperative education agreements or other programs designed to prepare students to enter
7820-520: The benefit of students." In 1909, recognizing the potential of co-op education, Northeastern University began implementing co-op in their engineering program, becoming the second institution in America to do so. By 1921, Antioch College had adapted co-op practices to their liberal arts curricula, leading many to refer to co-op as the "Antioch Plan." In 1919, the General Motors Institute (GMI)
7935-604: The classroom through various learning goals designated in the students' program or curriculum. It is widely accepted that WIL opportunities have value and produce benefit for students and employers, including employment readiness (such as gaining job-related skills and knowing what kind of job opportunity a student would want to have after graduation). Students participating in WIL can experience new environments, tasks, colleagues for typically
8050-654: The co-op program may be viewed as an add-on and therefore is vulnerable to cost cutting ( Wilson, Stull & Vinsonhaler 1996 ). Even where co-op programs are strong they can be threatened, as at Cincinnati Technical College when it became a comprehensive community college ( Grubb & Villeneuve 1995 ) or LaGuardia during a budget crisis ( Grubb & Badway 1998 ). For students, costs and time to degree completion may be deterrents to co-op participation ( Grubb & Villeneuve 1995 ). Other deterrents may include financial barriers, aversion to moving frequently due to family obligations, or other pressures as well as difficulty managing
8165-426: The college's dean when it integrated with the University of Cincinnati in 1896. The College of Medicine is the university's medical school ; it includes a leading teaching hospital and several biomedical research laboratories. In the 1950s Albert Sabin developed the live polio vaccine at the College of Medicine. Diphenhydramine ( Benadryl ) was developed here by George Rieveschl in 1946. UC also established
8280-533: The concept of Connected Learning in co-operative work terms, which is a learning approach where learners gain knowledge through connecting with people and things, while feeling safe in their environments, they can develop themselves. Jeela Jones explained the results of her study emphasizing the importance of relationships with supervisors as mentors, who pushed learners beyond their comfort zones. Many students interviewed for this study commented that despite many challenges that were faced in their co-op experience, that it
8395-485: The contributions made by Dean Schneider to cooperative education. The award is given annually to an outstanding educator from the faculty or administration. In 2006, the University of Cincinnati established the Cooperative Education Hall of Honor "to give a permanent place of honor to individuals and organizations that have made a significant qualitative difference in the advancement of Cooperative Education for
8510-530: The country. Canadian students who work in cooperative education can earn close to $ 20 per hour and represent a wide range of disciplines and programs, ranging from science, engineering, business, arts and technology. Work Integrated Learning (WIL) is the commonly accepted term for a wide range of experiential learning opportunities in Canada. Work Integrated Learning (WIL) is considered to be inclusive of educational programs that incorporate a workplace-based component that has connections to
8625-699: The fall of 2012, Campus Recreation Center Housing (CRC) was named on The Fiscal Times ' list of "10 Public Colleges with Insanely Luxurious Dorms". Nearly 80% of Uptown Campus incoming freshman students live on campus their first year. In recent years, record freshman classes and increased interest by upperclass students has led to higher demand than supply for on-campus residence halls. To meet this demand, UC Housing and Food Services has added residence halls (Morgens Hall in 2013) and purchased block leases at University Park Apartments, Campus Park Apartments (formerly Sterling Manor), University Edge Apartments, and Stetson Square Apartments near campus. This has pushed
8740-448: The federal Higher Education Act provided support specifically for cooperative education. Funding continued from the federal government through 1992 when Congress ended its support of cooperative education. In total, over $ 220 million was appropriated by the federal government toward cooperative education.( Carlson 1999 ) In Canada, regulation of cooperative education programs is overseen by CAFCE. Programs can apply for accreditation after
8855-596: The federal level by the U.S. Department of Labor and U.S. Department of Education. At the state level in states like Arizona, the grant is administered by the Arizona Department of Commerce, School to Work Division. This grant was funded for a maximum of five years with decreasing funds years three through five. An example of county level involvement is the Cochise County School to Work Consortia in Arizona . It
8970-565: The first emergency medicine residency program. In 2008, it became the first medical college in the country to implement the multiple mini interview system for its admission process. The university has two regional campuses: Blue Ash College in Blue Ash, Ohio , and Clermont College in Batavia, Ohio . UC is also the home of the Institute for Policy Research , a multidisciplinary research organization which opened in 1971. The center performs
9085-600: The first class of co-op students has graduated. To be accredited, 30% of the time spent in the program must be devoted to work experience, and each experience must last at least 12 weeks. In 1979, educators from Australia, Britain, Canada, and the United States (Northeastern's President, Kenneth Ryder ), met to discuss work-related programs in their respective countries. In 1981 and 1982, this group, headed by President Ryder, convened an international conference on cooperative education. In 1983, several college and university presidents, educational specialists, and employers from around
9200-512: The five-year co-op program took hold in the chemical engineering department, forming the foundation of Drexel's cooperative education program. Today, the cooperative education program supports students in more than 75 different disciplines, making it one of the largest programs in the US. In 1922, Northeastern University emphasized its commitment to co-op by extending it to the College of Business Administration. As new colleges opened at Northeastern, such as
9315-657: The following areas of study: 38% Engineering, 34% economic sciences, 12% computer sciences, 10% social services, education, healthcare, nursing, 6% others. There is a contract between the three participating parties (employee, employer, and university of cooperative education) over the time of the study. Mostly, the employer provides payment which is slightly above the payment for a vocational training. Some companies also pay student fees. Since most universities are public in Germany, there are no student fees, just dues, which are around $ 400 per semester. There are usually agreements including
9430-454: The following colleges: College of Allied Health Sciences, College of Business, College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services, College of Engineering & Applied Sciences, College of Nursing, and the College of Arts & Sciences. A few majors require freshmen to be in these learning communities. Many of these groups have specialized courses taught by their academic advisor. The Transition and Access Program, which does not lead to
9545-486: The form of Honors Seminars, which are certain three credit-hour courses, Pre-Approved Experiences, which consist of programs the Honors Program has already deemed to meet the requirements of an experience, and Self-Designed Experiences, where students design their own experience plan to submit to the Honors Program for approval. Students are required to complete at least five experiences before graduation. The university
9660-446: The highest quality of post-secondary work-integrated learning programs. CEWIL Canada works to establish national standards for WIL programs. The organization also allows for delivery of training opportunities and best practice sharing. CEWIL maintains a national database on WIL with data from more than fifty post-secondary member institutions. CEWIL reports that over 75,000 students are participating in co-operative education programs across
9775-491: The institution's name to the University of Cincinnati. By 1893, the university expanded beyond its primary location on Clifton Avenue and relocated to its present location in the Heights neighborhood. As the university expanded, the rectors merged the institution with Cincinnati Law School, establishing the University of Cincinnati College of Law . In 1896, the Ohio Medical College joined Miami Medical College to form
9890-604: The institution, which eventually joined with the Cincinnati Law School . In 1858, Charles McMicken died of pneumonia and in his will he allocated most of his estate to the City of Cincinnati to found a university. The University of Cincinnati was chartered by the Ohio legislature in 1870 after delays by livestock and veal lobbyists angered by the liberal arts -centered curriculum and lack of agricultural and manufacturing emphasis . The university's board of rectors changed
10005-407: The integrity and holdings of the university. He focused on the academic master plan for the university, placing the academic programs of UC at the core of the strategic plan. The university invested in scholarships, funding for study abroad experiences, the university's advising program as it worked to reaffirm its history and academy for the future. Neville Pinto is the current and 30th president of
10120-468: The job market. This education system is primarily employed in the United States, partially as a response to work training as it is done in Asia. School to Work is a system to introduce the philosophy of school-based, work-based, and connecting activities as early as kindergarten to expose students to potential future careers. School to Work emphasizes lifelong learning . School to Work is funded and sponsored at
10235-584: The job search during a school semester. Despite these problems, there is optimism about the future of co-op education; "Social, economic, and historic forces are making cooperative education more relevant than ever" ( Grubb & Villeneuve 1995 , p. 17), including emphasis on university-industry-government cooperation, a fluid and demanding workplace, new technology, the need for continuous on-the-job learning, globalization, and demands for accountability ( John, Doherty & Nichols 1998 ). Federal investments in school-to-work and community service have resulted in
10350-553: The last few years. Cooperative education programs now have an important profile in the education system. In 2013, the importance was underlined in a paper by the Economic Council of the CDU , including a definition of the dual study program. The council defined two main characteristics: The goal is to enable dual qualification of academic and skilled worker knowledge with a focus on high academic standards. A cooperative study program
10465-577: The membership of ASEE , in 1963, began the Cooperative Education Association. To reflect its membership more accurately, it was eventually (sometime in the 1990s or early 2000s) renamed the Cooperative Education and Internship Association. It remains today as the professional association for cooperative education outside of ASEE. Much of those early efforts of NCCE focused on lobbying and promoting cooperative education. In 1965,
10580-471: The most beautiful in the world. In the autumn of 2010, the University of Cincinnati maintained its position in green and sustainability initiatives by being named one of only 286 "Green Colleges" by The Princeton Review . The university has received this distinction each year since. UC was the only public university in Ohio and the only university in the Southern Ohio region included on this list. Some of
10695-434: The national industry-recognized skill certificates when developed, which would be the Certificate of Initial Mastery . Critics call this a government-controlled passport to work. Michigan Rep. Harold J. Voorhees expressed concern that, with full implementation, a child would not be employed without this Certificate. University of Cincinnati The University of Cincinnati ( UC or Cincinnati , informally Cincy )
10810-480: The need for Schneider's co-op plan in the region around Lehigh University. However, in 1903 the University of Cincinnati appointed Schneider to their faculty. In 1905 the UC Board of Trustees allowed Schneider to "try this cooperative idea of education for one year only, for the failure of which they would not be held responsible". The cooperative education program was launched in 1906, and became an immediate success, and
10925-420: The number increased to 100 by the year 2000. In 2004, the conference of education ministers declared vocational universities' degrees as equivalent to a bachelor's degree from a traditional university. Baden-Württemberg's vocational universities were merged as DHBW, cooperative state university Baden-Württemberg in 2009. Other vocational universities were also approved as state universities. From 2004 to 2014,
11040-585: The number of students has increased from 40,982 to 100,739. There were 47,458 companies providing cooperative study programs in 2016, compared to 18,168 in 2004. Small, medium, and large companies have established programs in different departments. Large companies who annually employ many students include Aldi , Bayer , Daimler , Deutsche Bank , Henkel , Hochtief , Lufthansa , Peek & Cloppenburg , SAP , Siemens , and Volkswagen . There are different dual curriculum programs. The number of courses grew from 512 in 2014 to 1,592 in 2016. They can be summarized in
11155-524: The program was kept beyond the one-year allotted. The University of Cincinnati returned to the matter in its September 2005 board meeting, declaring the 100-year trial period of one hundred years of Cooperative Education officially ended, for the success of which the Board resumed full responsibility. Schneider, beginning from the rank of assistant professor , would rise through the rank of Dean of Engineering (1906–1928) to become interim president (1929–32) of
11270-569: The programs that helped achieve this distinction include: a bike share program where UC students can rent bikes from the university, an expanded recycling program, improved and expanded campus transportation options, the addition of vehicle charging stations, fuel pellet use in place of coal, greatly decreased energy and water use throughout campus, and the addition of 6 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified buildings since 2005. In 2007, former university president Nancy Zimpher signed
11385-450: The relationship between the student and the supervisor, explaining that this relationship can greatly impact the students' satisfaction with the co-op term and the benefits they gain from it. Schaafsma (1996) also focuses on learning, seeing a need for a paradigm shift from content learning to greater understanding of learning processes, including reflection and critical thinking. Co-op is an experiential method, but learning from experience
11500-499: The sandwich model and the American-style semester model, instead have students work a 40-hour work week for a set amount of time, typically between 12 weeks and six months. After this period is over, students return to the classroom for an academic semester after which they may have another work term. This cycle often repeats multiple times, adding a year or more to the students' university career. In this model, students' do not receive
11615-528: The student union to a new recreation center to the medical school. It included renovation and construction of multiple buildings, a campus forest, and a university promenade. The plan also includes the Sigma Sigma Commons, which was completed in 1998 as a part of the organization's centennial. Upon her inauguration in 2005, President Nancy L. Zimpher developed the UC21 plan, designed to redefine Cincinnati as
11730-486: The success of highly regarded applicants who have come from doing work placements. Many companies in Australia are more inclined to hire an individual who has had proper training within their specific field than those who have not, creating many more successful applicants and jobs within Australia. Cooperative education has helped to address social issues. In Germany , the significance of cooperative education has increased in
11845-703: The top 5–8% of students, to the University Honors Program. Students admitted into the Honors program typically meet the following qualifications: an ACT composite score of 32 or higher, an SAT score of 1400 or higher (critical reading and math combined), and either an unweighted high school GPA of 3.6 or a weighted high school GPA of 3.8. The program is centered around students taking part in "experiences." Experiences are defined as "fall[ing] within one of five competencies: community engagement, creativity, global studies, leadership, and research." Experiences could take
11960-444: The traditional learning space or classroom was insufficient for technical students ( Smollins 1999 ). Schneider observed that several more successful Lehigh graduates had worked to earn money before graduation. Gathering data through interviews with employers and graduates, he devised the framework for cooperative education (1901). About that time, Carnegie Technical Schools, now Carnegie Mellon University , opened and thereby minimized
12075-527: The university. The Uptown campus includes the West, Medical, and Victory Parkway campuses. This is the main campus and includes 62 buildings on 137 acres (0.55 km ) in the Heights neighborhood of Cincinnati. The university moved to this location in 1893. Most of the undergraduate colleges at the university are located on main campus. The exceptions are part of the University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center on
12190-567: The university. There is also a television station called UCast. The 48-hour film festival is held each year for the general public. The festival has featured guest speakers and filmmakers including Fraser Kershaw , as well as speakers and artists from Kenyatta University in Nairobi , Kenya . Actors, directors, editors, and composers are showcased at the MainStreet Cinema for students and professionals. Fraternities and sororities have been
12305-780: The world (including Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, the Netherlands , the Philippines , the United States , and the United Kingdom ) formed the World Council and Assembly on Cooperative Education to foster cooperative education worldwide. In 1991, it renamed itself the World Association for Cooperative Education (WACE). By 2005, that Association had a membership of over 1,000 individuals from 43 different countries. Cooperative education
12420-404: Was a worthwhile experience that allowed them to build new skills, meet new industry connections and become increasingly motivated, self-confident and career-oriented. From its beginnings in Cincinnati in 1906, cooperative education has evolved into a program offered at the secondary and post-secondary levels in two predominant models ( Grubb & Villeneuve 1995 ). In one model, students alternate
12535-520: Was better to have students who were not bound for college concentrate on career schools, while academic students should spend class time learning core academic subjects such as history or science rather than job-shadowing at a hospital or auto dealer. A student in North Dakota would have little opportunity to learn to be an auto designer, while one in Alabama would have little opportunity to do job shadowing at
12650-569: Was established by the Business Council of Canada in 2015 and works on two goals: 1. Helping young Canadians transition from higher education to workplaces through collaborative partnerships and post-secondary institutions and 2. Strengthen research and innovation partnerships between Canadian companies and post-secondary institutions. The BHER reports that about half of all Canadian university students take part in some form of WIL and 65-70% of Canadian college students takes part in WIL programs. For
12765-738: Was followed by three more annual conventions. In 1929, the Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education , now called the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE), formed the Division of Cooperative Engineering Education , incorporating the membership of the ACC ( Auld 1972 ). In 1957, the first Canadian cooperative education program began at the University of Waterloo with an inaugural class of 75. Initially viewed skeptically, this program quickly became
12880-526: Was opened, following this model to train new General Motors hires. This school was later renamed Kettering University . The Drexel University four-year co-op program launched in the College of Engineering in 1919, with the participation of just three academic majors. This initiative stemmed from the belief of the university founder, Anthony J. Drexel , that Drexel University should prepare its students for successful careers through an education that balanced classroom theory with real-world practice. In 1925,
12995-443: Was placed under the fields and at night water is chilled and then used to air-condition buildings on campus. The storage tank helps the university reach annual energy savings of about $ 1 million. In the fall of 2010, the university began placing "All Recycling" containers throughout campus. This expansion of recycling efforts and receptacles provides a greater opportunity for students, staff, and visitors to participate in recycling
13110-475: Was ranked 210th (tie) of 2,249. The university is divided into 14 colleges and schools: The College of Arts and Sciences is the university's largest college, with 21 departments, eight co-op programs, and several interdisciplinary programs. Winston Koch invented the first electronic organ at the College of Engineering and Applied Science. The College of Law is the alma mater of 27th U.S. president and 10th chief justice William Howard Taft , who also served as
13225-554: Was the foundation of a new tertiary education institution, a vocational university . That enabled the establishment of a cooperative study program, originally founded in Baden-Württemberg . More people had been graduating from high school with the highest school certificate: " Abitur ". This had led to an increase in the number of students attending university and a decrease in the number of trainees and apprentices in vocational training. On one hand, companies were apprehensive about
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