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48-1881: Consort Yang may refer to: Yang Fei (楊妃) [ edit ] Consort Yang (楊妃), consort of King Zhou of Shang, a semi-fictional character from Investiture of the Gods . Consort Yang  [ zh ] (?–?) (楊妃), imperial consort of Emperor Taizong of Tang, daughter of Emperor Yang of Sui, mother of Li Ke and Li Yin (李愔). Consort Yang  [ zh ] (?–?) (楊妃), consort of prince Li Zhongjun (李重俊), son of Emperor Zhongzong of Tang. Consort Yang (died 840) (楊妃), imperial consort of Emperor Wenzong of Tang. Consort Yang ( c. 943) (楊妃), consort of Qian Hongzuo, King of Wuyue. Consort Yang  [ zh ] (?–?) (杨妃), imperial consort of Hongwu Emperor of Ming, mother of Zhu Quan. Yang Guifei (杨贵妃) [ edit ] Consort Yang  [ zh ] (?–?) (杨贵妃), imperial consort of Emperor Taizong of Tang, daughter of Yang Xuanjiang (杨玄奖) and granddaughter of Yang Su , mother of Li Fu (李福). Yang Yuhuan (719–756) (杨玉环), imperial consort of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. Consort Yang  [ zh ] (833–865) (杨贵妃), imperial consort of Emperor Yizong of Tang. Consort Yang  [ zh ] (?-?) (杨贵妃), imperial consort of Emperor Shenzong of Song. Empress Yang (1162–1232) (杨皇后), formerly known as Noble Consort Yang (杨贵妃), wife of Emperor Ningzong of Song. Yang Shufei (杨淑妃) [ edit ] Consort Yang (984–1036) (杨淑妃), imperial consort of Emperor Zhenzong of Song, posthumously proclaimed as Empress Dowager. Yang Defei (杨德妃) [ edit ] Consort Yang  [ zh ] (1019–1073) (杨德妃), imperial consort of Emperor Renzong of Song, posthumously renamed Yang Zongmiao (楊宗妙). Footnote [ edit ] ^ 贵 妃 guifei "noble consort"

96-533: A Sui dynasty imperial descendant through his mother. (Consort Yang would later give birth to a younger brother of Li Ke's, Li Yin (李愔).) In 620, Emperor Gaozu created Li Ke the Prince of Changsha, at the same time that his brothers Li Chengqian and Li Tai were also created imperial princes. In 626, Li Shimin, in an intense rivalry with his older brother Li Jiancheng the Crown Prince and fearing that Li Jiancheng

144-494: A census official at Shu Prefecture ( 蜀州 ; in modern Chengdu , Sichuan ), and his family went there with him. He appeared to have had no sons, but had four daughters who were known to history—Yang Yuhuan and three older sisters. Yang Xuanyan died when Yang Yuhuan was still young, so the latter was raised by her uncle Yang Xuanjiao ( 楊玄璬 ), who was a low-ranking official at Henan Municipality ( 河南府 ; modern Luoyang ). On 10 Feb 736, seventeen-year-old Yang Yuhuan married Li Mao ,

192-399: A coffin. When they found the body, it had decomposed, but the fragrance bag buried with her was still fresh. The eunuchs returned with the fragrance bag, and upon its presentation to Emperor Xuanzong, he wept bitterly. When he returned to Chang'an, he had a painter create a picture of Consort Yang in a secondary palace, and often went there to view the portrait. Yang was known for having

240-497: A large stone at the site of the Xi'an Palace . Yang was granted use of the Huaqing Pool which had been the exclusive private pool of previous Tang emperors. Yang is sometimes credited with the invention of the hezi , an ancient Chinese bodice. Yang's story has been often retold. While some literature describes her as the author of much misfortune, other writings sympathize with her as

288-464: A larger figure in an era of Chinese history where such body types were preferred. Because of that, Yang is often compared and contrasted with Empress Zhao Feiyan , who is known for being a slender person. This, in turn, led to the four-character idiom huanfei yanshou ( traditional Chinese : 環 肥 燕 瘦 ; simplified Chinese : 环 肥 燕 瘦 ; pinyin : huánféi yànshòu ; lit. 'plump Huan', 'slender Yan'), describing

336-441: A post outside the capital Chang'an , eventually he was made the commandant at Qi Prefecture (齊州, roughly modern Jinan , Shandong ). In 636, his title was changed to Prince of Wu, and he was made the commandant at An Prefecture (安州, roughly modern Xiaogan , Hubei ). While at An Prefecture, in 637 Li Ke often out on hunt, damaged people's houses and many farmland, the assistant imperial censor Liu Fan (柳范) submitted an accusation. As

384-522: A result, Li Ke received excoriation from his father, and was removed from his post, and 300 households were removed from his fief. In 643, with Li Chengqian, then crown prince, and Li Tai, locked in an intense rivalry, Li Chengqian plotted to overthrow Emperor Taizong and was deposed. Emperor Taizong initially wanted to make Li Tai crown prince, but soon, believing that Li Tai's machinations were responsible for Li Chengqian's downfall, exiled Li Tai as well and created their younger brother, his ninth son Li Zhi

432-475: A scapegoat. In the following generation, a long poem, " Chang Hen Ge " (" Song of Everlasting Sorrow "), was written by the poet Bai Juyi describing Emperor Xuanzong's love for her and perpetual grief at her loss. It became an instant classic, known to and memorized by Chinese schoolchildren far into posterity. The story of Yang and the poem also became highly popular in Japan and served as sources of inspiration for

480-519: Is a rank of Chinese emperor's consorts. In early Tang dynasty, it is the highest rank of fei (higher than 淑 妃 shufei , 德 妃 defei and 贤 妃 xianfei , with shu , de and xian being words describing virtues), and standing just below empress ( 皇 后 huanghou ). This rank was once demolished, but re-established in Yang Yuhuan 's time. See also [ edit ] Empress Yang (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by

528-625: Is dedicated to her. The east gate Shunkō-mon (春敲門) of the shrine was also connected to her memory. The gate was a National Treasure and was lost in the Pacific War. In the novel Dream of the Red Chamber , the two ladies beside the main character Jia Baoyu , Lin Daiyu and Xue Baochai had the images of Xi Shi and Yang Guifei. Both Lin and Xi Shi are sick and weak, Xue and Yang are plump and healthy. In chapter 30, Xue got angry because Jia said she

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576-400: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Li Ke It is not known exactly when Li Ke was born, but he was likely born around 619, as he was the third son of Li Shimin the Prince of Qin, a son of Emperor Gaozu . His mother was Li Shimin's princess /Honorable noble Consort Yang, a daughter of Emperor Yang of Sui , making Li Ke

624-618: Is known as one of the Four Beauties of ancient China . During the An Lushan Rebellion , as Emperor Xuanzong and his cortege were fleeing from the capital Chang'an to Chengdu , the emperor's guards demanded that he put Yang to death because they blamed the rebellion on her cousin Yang Guozhong and the rest of her family. The emperor capitulated and reluctantly ordered his attendant Gao Lishi to supervise her forced suicide . Yang

672-514: The Emperor eventually agreed. He had Gao take Consort Yang to a Buddhist shrine and allow her a forced suicide , considered a more dignified death than execution. When Consort Yang's body was shown to Chen and the other imperial guard generals, the soldiers dispersed and prepared to continue the journey. Consort Yang was buried at Mawei, without a coffin, but with masses of fragrance wrapped in purple blankets. In 757, Prince Li Heng , who had taken

720-429: The Emperor. On 19 September 745, after Emperor Xuanzong gave the third daughter of the general Wei Zhaoxun ( 韋昭訓 ) to Li Mao as his new wife and princess on 28 August, he officially made Taizhen an imperial consort—with the newly restored rank of Guifei , which was greater than the previously highest rank of Huifei , carried by Consort Wu. He bestowed posthumous honors on her father Yang Xuanyan and granted her mother

768-504: The Ladies of Han, Guo, and Qin—were said to be exceedingly honored and rich, and all of the officials fought to flatter them. Around the same time, Consort Yang introduced her second cousin Yang Zhao (whose name was later changed to Yang Guozhong) to Emperor Xuanzong. Yang Zhao, who flattered the emperor, rose quickly in the ranks. Consort Yang became so favored that whenever she rode a horse,

816-549: The Lady of Guo, and her son Pei Hui ( 裴徽 ) tried to flee, but were killed. The soldiers then surrounded Emperor Xuanzong's pavilion and refused to leave, even after the Emperor came out to comfort them and ordered them to disperse. Emperor Xuanzong then sent Gao Lishi to ask General Chen Xuanli for his advice. Chen's reply was to urge the Emperor to put Consort Yang to death. Initially the Emperor refused, but after Wei E ( 韋諤 , Wei Jiansu's son) and Gao Lishi spoke in agreement with Chen,

864-525: The Nanzhao attacks. Consort Yang interceded on Yang Guozhong's behalf, and Yang Guozhong did not actually report to Jiannan. Li Linfu soon died, and Yang Guozhong became chancellor. Yang Guozhong and An Lushan soon were in conflict, and Yang Guozhong repeatedly acted provocatively, such as arresting and executing staff members from An's mansion in Chang'an. In 755, An finally rebelled and marched his troops toward

912-584: The Prince of Jin, the new crown prince, believing Li Zhi to be kind. (Li Chengqian, Li Tai, and Li Zhi were all born of Emperor Taizong's wife Empress Zhangsun .) Later, however, he began to believe that Li Zhi's personality was too weak and worried that he would not be appropriate as an emperor, he showed this his worry once, said he may considered making Li Ke crown prince instead. Li Zhi's uncle Zhangsun Wuji opposed this immediately, and Emperor Taizong did not do so, but an enmity thereafter developed between Zhangsun Wuji and Li Ke. Emperor Taizong died in 649 and

960-460: The Prince of Shou and the son of Emperor Xuanzong and Consort Wu . She thus carried the title of Princess of Shou. After Consort Wu died in January 738, Emperor Xuanzong was greatly saddened by the death of his then-favorite concubine. Some time after that, however, Princess Yang somehow came into Xuanzong's favor and the Emperor decided to take her as his consort. However, since Princess Yang was already

1008-508: The capital Chang'an to meet Emperor Xuanzong, Emperor Xuanzong showed him much favor and allowed him into the palace. He had An honor Consort Yang as his mother and Consort Yang's cousins and sisters as his brothers and sisters. In 750, Consort Yang again offended Emperor Xuanzong with her words, and he sent her back to her clan. The official Ji Wen ( 吉溫 ) told Emperor Xuanzong that he had overreacted, and Emperor Xuanzong regretted his actions. He again sent imperial meals to her, and she wept to

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1056-423: The capital. In order to try to placate the populace, which believed that Yang Guozhong's conflict with An Lushan had provoked the rebellion, Emperor Xuanzong considered passing the throne to his crown prince, Li Heng . Yang Guozhong, who was not on good terms with the prince, feared this development, and persuaded Consort Yang and her sisters, the Ladies of Han, Guo, and Qin, to speak against it. Emperor Xuanzong, for

1104-501: The classical novel The Tale of Genji which begins with the doomed love between an emperor and a consort, Kiritsubo, who is likened to Yang. Noh plays have been staged based on her story. A Japanese rumour states that Yang had been rescued, escaped to Japan and lived her remaining life there. In Japanese, she is known as Yōkihi . Legend says that her final resting place was at Atsuta Shrine in Nagoya, where she found refuge. A water spring

1152-527: The eunuch Gao Lishi would attend her. Seven hundred laborers were conscripted to sew fabrics for her. Officials and generals flattered her by offering her exquisite tributes. In 746, she angered Emperor Xuanzong by being jealous and rude to him, and he had her sent to her cousin Yang Xian's mansion. Later that day, however, his mood was such that he could not eat, and he battered his servants for minor offenses. Gao knew that he missed Consort Yang, and requested that

1200-437: The eunuchs delivering the meal, stating: My offense deserves death, and it is fortunate that His Imperial Majesty did not kill me, but instead returned me to my household. I will forever leave the palace. My gold, jade, and treasures were all given to me by His Imperial Majesty, and it would be inappropriate for me to offer them back to him. Only what my parents gave me, I would dare to offer. She cut off some of her hair and had

1248-441: The general Xue Wanche (薛萬徹), Emperor Gaozong's uncle Li Yuanjing (李元景) the Prince of Jing, and another brother-in-law Chai Lingwu (柴令武), were accused of a treasonous plot to overthrow Emperor Gaozong and make Li Yuanjing emperor. Fang Yi'ai knew that Zhangsun feared and was jealous of Li Ke and had long wanted to find a way to kill Li Ke to remove any hopes from the people that Li Ke would become emperor. He therefore claimed that Li Ke

1296-466: The hair taken back to Emperor Xuanzong. Emperor Xuanzong had Gao escort her back to the palace, and thereafter had even greater love for her. In 751, An Lushan again visited Chang'an. On An's birthday on 20 February, 751, Emperor Xuanzong and Consort Yang rewarded him with clothing, treasures, and food. On 23 February, when An was summoned to the palace, Consort Yang, in order to please Emperor Xuanzong, had an extra-large infant wrapping made, and wrapped

1344-572: The honorific used for the empress. Her three older sisters were conferred the ranks of Ladies of Han, Guo, and Qin, and it was said that whenever the noble women were summoned to imperial gatherings, even Emperor Xuanzong's highly honored sister Li Chiying ( 李持盈 ), the Princess Yuzhen, did not dare to take a seat more honorable than theirs. Emperor Xuanzong also gave his favorite daughter, Princess Taihua (born of Consort Wu), to Yang Qi in marriage. The five Yang households—those of Yang Xian, Yang Qi, and

1392-475: The imperial guard declared that Yang Guozhong was planning treason in collaboration with the Tibetan emissaries. They killed Yang Guozhong, his son Yang Xuan ( 楊暄 ), Consort Yang's sisters, the ladies of Han and Qin, and Wei Fangjin. (Wei Jiansu was severely injured and nearly killed, but was spared at the last moment.) Yang Guozhong's wife Pei Rou ( 裴柔 ) and his son Yang Xi ( 楊晞 ), along with Consort Yang's sister,

1440-411: The modern Guangdong region. Li Ke's young fourth daughter was sent to Xianling (tomb of Emperor Gaozu of Tang ) to be kept under house arrest till 689, upon which time she was created Princess Xin'an. In 660, after Zhangsun's own downfall (at the hands of Emperor Gaozong's wife Empress Wu and her associates), Li Ke was posthumously created the Prince of Yulin, but was not given a posthumous name , nor

1488-418: The obese An in it, causing much laughter among the ladies in waiting and eunuchs. When Emperor Xuanzong asked what was going on, Consort Yang's attendants joked that Consort Yang gave birth three days before and was washing her baby Lushan. Emperor Xuanzong was amused by the comic situation and rewarded both Consort Yang and An greatly. Thereafter, whenever An visited the capital, he was allowed free admittance to

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1536-618: The official Wei Fangjin ( 魏方進 ), the general Chen Xuanli , and some eunuchs and ladies in waiting close to him. On 15 July, Emperor Xuanzong's cortege reached Mawei Courier Station ( 馬 嵬 驛 ; Mǎwéi Yì , in modern Xianyang , Shaanxi ). The imperial guards were hungry and angry at Yang Guozhong. Tibetan emissaries, who had followed the emperor, were also complaining to Yang Guozhong that they had not been fed. General Chen Xuanli believed that Yang Guozhong's actions had provoked this disaster and reported to Li Heng that he planned to accuse Yang Guozhong. In this tense situation, soldiers of

1584-440: The palace, and there were rumors that he and Consort Yang had an affair, but Emperor Xuanzong discounted the rumors. Consort Yang's cousin, Yang Guozhong, had been serving—remotely—as commander of Jiannan Circuit ( 劍南道 ; headquartered in modern Chengdu , Sichuan ). In 752, following Nanzhao incursions against Jiannan Circuit, chancellor Li Linfu wanted to send Yang Guozhong to Jiannan to personally supervise defenses against

1632-420: The physical range of the types of beauties between Zhao and Yang. Modern-day description of Yang's physical size differs. She has been variously described as "rotund", "well rounded", "full-bodied", "portly", and "obese". However, some consider the description of Yang as an obese woman to be either a misinterpretation of ancient Chinese texts, or a misapplication of modern standards on body size. Lychee

1680-406: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consort_Yang&oldid=1004758770 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1728-457: The throne as Emperor Suzong, recaptured Chang'an and welcomed ex-Emperor Xuanzong, then Taishang Huang (retired emperor) back to the capital. Emperor Xuanzong went through Mawei on his way back to Chang'an. He wanted to locate Consort Yang's body and rebury her with honor. The official Li Kui spoke against it, pointing out that the imperial guard might again mutiny if he did so. However, Emperor Xuanzong secretly sent eunuchs to rebury her with

1776-628: The time being, did not abdicate the throne. In 756, Yang Guozhong forced General Geshu Han to engage An Lushan, at least partly out of fear that the general himself might attempt to usurp the throne. Geshu Han was defeated and Tong Pass , the last major imperial defense, fell to An's forces. With the situation becoming desperate, Yang Guozhong suggested fleeing to Chengdu, the capital of Jiannan Circuit. On 14 July, Emperor Xuanzong, along with Consort Yang, her family, and his immediate clan members, secretly left Chang'an, heading toward Chengdu. With him were Yang Guozhong, his fellow chancellor Wei Jiansu ,

1824-401: The title of Lady of Liang. He also gave high offices to her uncle Yang Xuangui ( 楊玄珪 ) and cousins Yang Xian ( 楊銛 ) and Yang Qi ( 楊錡 ). Since 745, all within the imperial court and the palace had treated her like the new empress (像皇后, Xiàng huánghòu), and bowed to her as if she was the most powerful woman in the land (Tiānxià Mǔ, 天下母), and in the palace, they called her lady (娘子, Niángzǐ), like

1872-473: The treasures in Consort Yang's palace be sent to her. Emperor Xuanzong agreed, and sent imperial meals to her as well. That night, Gao requested that Emperor Xuanzong welcome Consort Yang back to the palace, a request that Emperor Xuanzong easily agreed to. Thereafter, she was even more favored, and no other imperial consort drew his favor. In 747, when the military governor ( jiedushi ) An Lushan arrived at

1920-414: The wife of his son, Emperor Xuanzong stealthily arranged her to become a Taoist nun, with the tonsured name Taizhen, in order to prevent criticism that would affect his plan of making her his concubine. Yang then stayed, for a brief moment, as a Taoist nun in the palace itself, before Emperor Xuanzong made her an imperial consort after bestowing a new wife on his son Li Mao. Yang became the favorite consort of

1968-449: Was a favorite fruit for Yang, and the emperor had the fruit, which was only grown in southern China , delivered by the imperial courier's fast horses, whose riders would take shifts day and night in a Pony Express -like manner, to the capital. Most historians believe the fruits were delivered from modern Guangdong , but some believe they came from modern Sichuan . A copy of the outline of her right hand still exists, having been carved on

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2016-442: Was about to do so, he cursed Zhangsun, stating: Zhangsun Wuji has stolen imperial power and falsely accused the faithful. The imperial ancestral spirits are watching. Soon your own clan will be slaughtered. Zhangsun also had Consort Yang and Li Yin reduced to commoner rank and exiled to Ba Prefecture (巴州, roughly modern Bazhong , Sichuan ), and Li Ke's four sons, Li Ren (李仁), Li Wei (李瑋), Li Kun (李琨), and Li Jing (李璄) were exiled to

2064-422: Was about to kill him, ambushed Li Jiancheng and another brother, Li Yuanji the Prince of Qi, who supported Li Jiancheng, at Xuanwu Gate and killed them. He then effectively forced Emperor Gaozu to first create him crown prince and then yield the throne to him (as Emperor Taizong). He created Li Ke the Prince of Han, and in 627 changed Li Ke's title to Prince of Shu, and while initially he was not commissioned with

2112-670: Was born in 719 during the Tang dynasty , early in the reign of Emperor Xuanzong . Her great-great-grandfather Yang Wang ( 楊汪 ) was a key official during the reign of Emperor Yang of Sui , and, after the fall of the Sui dynasty , served one of the contenders to succeed Sui, Wang Shichong ; Yang Wang was then killed when Wang Shichong was defeated by Tang forces in 621. Yang Wang was from Huayin ( 華陰 ; in modern Weinan , Shaanxi ), but his clan subsequently relocated to Yongle ( 永樂 ; in modern Yuncheng , Shanxi ). Yang's father Yang Xuanyan ( 楊玄琰 ) served as

2160-421: Was his son permitted to inherit the title; rather, Li Rong (李榮), the grandson of Li Xiaogong the Prince of Hejian, was adopted into Li Ke's line and took the title of Marquess of Yulin. Eventually, however, after Li Rong was deposed for an unrelated reason, Li Ren (later known as Li Qianli (李千里)) was permitted to inherit the title, and around 705, during the reign of Emperor Gaozong's son Emperor Zhongzong , Li Ke

2208-447: Was part of the plot as well, hoping to ingratiate Zhangsun sufficiently to be spared. In spring 653, Emperor Gaozong, at Zhangsun's urging, issued an edict to execute Fang Yi'ai, Xue, and Chai, while ordering Li Yuanjing, Li Ke, and Princesses Gaoyang and Baling (Chai's wife) to commit suicide. (Emperor Gaozong initially wanted to spare Li Yuanjing and Li Ke, but did not do so when Cui Dunli the minister of defense opposed it.) When Li Ke

2256-473: Was posthumously honored again with the title of Sikong and reburied with honor. Yang Guifei Yang Yuhuan ( Chinese : 楊玉環 ; 719 – 15 July 756 ), often known as Yang Guifei ( 楊貴妃 , with Guifei being the highest rank for imperial consorts during her time), and known briefly by the Taoist nun name Taizhen ( 太真 ), was the beloved consort of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang during his later years. She

2304-402: Was succeeded by Li Zhi (as Emperor Gaozong). As the emperor's older brother, Li Ke was given the highly honored, although without actual power, position of Sikong (司空), and made the commandant at Liang Prefecture (梁州, roughly modern Hanzhong , Shaanxi ). In 652, Emperor Gaozong's sister Princess Gaoyang, Princess Gaoyang's husband Fang Yi'ai (son of the deceased chancellor Fang Xuanling ),

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