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39-564: Communist Refoundation may refer to: Communist Refoundation Party , a political party in Italy Sammarinese Communist Refoundation , a former political party in San Marino Communist Party of Puerto Rico , formerly named Communist Refoundation Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

78-562: A crisis which drove President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro to appoint a technocratic cabinet led by Lamberto Dini , which in turn lost its parliamentary support in 1995, forcing Scalfaro to dissolve the Italian Parliament . The Communist Refoundation Party , led by Fausto Bertinotti , made a pre- electoral alliance with The Olive Tree, presenting its own candidates, supported by Prodi's coalition, mainly in some safe leftist constituencies, in exchange for supporting Olive Tree candidates on

117-448: A government, supported by all the parties in the Italian Parliament to make constitutional reforms. In a TV debate on 19 January 1996, both Silvio Berlusconi and Democratic Party of the Left leader Massimo D'Alema supported constitutional reforms; however, there were many problems on this theme in both coalition, as Gianfranco Fini and Romano Prodi wanted a snap election, not sure that

156-546: A mere 3.1% (compared to 10.2% won by the constituent parties individually two years before) and no seats. Consequently, Bertinotti quit politics and Giordano resigned and after that some bertinottiani , led by Ferrero and Giovanni Russo Spena (both former Proletarian Democracy members), had forged an alliance with former cossuttiani . At the July 2008 congress, the PRC was highly divided around ideological and regional lines with Vendola,

195-563: A splinter from the Five Star Movement who later joined Italian Left (SI). In the 2019 European Parliament election the PRC was part of The Left electoral list, which obtained 1.8% and no seats. In February 2022 the party formed a joint sub-group with PaP in the Chamber of Deputies' Mixed Group. In June 2022 the same happened in the Senate, and senator Nugnes returned to the party. In

234-501: A technocratic government headed by Lamberto Dini . Dini had been a key minister in the Berlusconi cabinet, and Berlusconi said the only way he would support a technocratic government would be if Dini headed it. In the end, Dini was only supported by most opposition parties and not by Forza Italia and Northern League. In December 1995, Dini resigned as Prime Minister and President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro decided to begin consultations to form

273-711: Is a member of the Party of the European Left (PEL), of which Bertinotti was the inaugural president in 2004. The PRC has not been represented in the Italian Parliament since 2008, but had a member of the European Parliament , Eleonora Forenza , who sat with the European United Left–Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL) group in 2014–2019. In February 1991, when the Italian Communist Party (PCI)

312-626: The Communist Alternative Party , others, led by the Trotskyist Marco Ferrando , formed the Workers' Communist Party , while a tiny minority chose to stay in the party and launched Countercurrent . In February 2007, senator Franco Turigliatto of Critical Left, led by Salvatore Cannavò , voted twice against the government's foreign policy, leading Romano Prodi to temporarily resign from Prime Minister . In April, Turigliatto

351-617: The Federation of the Greens . After that, the party formed joint lists with the Party of Italian Communists. The 2014 result refers to that of The Other Europe , a joint list led by Left Ecology Freedom . The electoral results of the PRC in the ten most populated regions of Italy are shown in the table below. 1996 Italian general election Lamberto Dini Independent Romano Prodi The Olive Tree The 1996 Italian general election

390-556: The anti-globalization movement in Italy . The PRC also forged new alliances at the European level and was instrumental in the foundation of the Party of the European Left in May 2004. In October 2004, the PRC re-joined the centre-left coalition, once again led by Prodi. In April 2005, Nichi Vendola , an openly gay politician and one of the emerging leaders of the party, won a primary election and

429-444: The bertinottiani' s standard-bearer, accusing northern delegates of having absorbed leghismo and stating that it was the end of the party as he knew it. The internal left-wing (which wanted to return to PRC's original communist project) finally prevailed over the bulk of bertinottiani (who insisted on the creation of a broader left-wing party) and Ferrero was elected secretary by the central committee with 50.5%. In January 2009,

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468-400: The electoral pact had not been respected, forcing Berlusconi to resign from office and shifting the majority's weight to the centre-left side. The Northern League also resented the fact that many of its MPs had switched to Forza Italia, allegedly lured by promises of more prestigious portfolios. Berlusconi remained as caretaker prime minister for a little over a month until his replacement by

507-497: The 2008 split of Communist Left , which would splinter in 2011 into Communist Left and Communists Together/ The Future City . Following the severe defeat of the party in the 2008 general election , a group of bertinottiani composed mainly of former members of Proletarian Democracy and led by Paolo Ferrero and Giovanni Russo Spena allied with the other minority factions, notably including Being Communists, to force Franco Giordano 's resignation from secretary. Subsequently, in

546-549: The Ferrero-Grassi group. Vendola, defeated by Ferrero, announced the creation of a new minority faction, Refoundation for the Left (RpS). RpS finally left the party in 2009 to form the Movement for the Left (MpS), but some of its members, led by Augusto Rocchi , decided to stay in the PRC and launched To the Left with Refoundation . However, the alliance between Ferrero and the traditionalists did not last. The Ernesto joined

585-545: The July congress Ferrero's and Grassi's Refoundation in Movement motion (40.1%) faced the bulk of bertinottiani , who organized themselves around a motion named "Manifesto for the Refoundation" (47.6%) with Nichi Vendola as standard-bearer. Giannini's The Ernesto and Countercurrent (7.7%), Claudio Bellotti 's HammerSickle (3.2%) and a minor group of former bertinottiani called "Disarm, Renew, Refound" (1.5%) joined forces with

624-587: The PCI dissidents and form a united front composed of all Italian communists. In December, the PRC was officially founded and Sergio Garavini was elected secretary. In the 1992 general election , the party obtained 5.6% of the vote. Garavini resigned from his role as secretary in June 1993 and was replaced by Fausto Bertinotti , a trade unionist of the Italian General Confederation of Labour (CGIL) who had left

663-655: The PDS only a few months before. In the 1994 general election , the PRC was part of the PDS-led Alliance of Progressives and obtained 6.1% of the vote. In June 1995, a splinter group led by Lucio Magri and Famiano Crucianelli formed the Movement of Unitarian Communists (MCU), which would eventually merge with the PDS, being one of the founding members of the Democrats of the Left (DS) in February 1998. The leadership of Bertinotti

702-510: The PRC was divided between those who wanted to stop supporting Prodi's government, led by Bertinotti; and those who wanted to continue the alliance, led by Cossutta, the party's president. The central committee endorsed Bertinotti's line, but Cossutta and his followers decided to ignore this line and to support Prodi. The votes of the cossuttiani were not enough and the government lost a confidence vote in Parliament. The dissidents, who controlled

741-584: The PdCI in 2011 while Being Communists divided in two groups, both eventually quitting the party. One group joined SEL in 2014 and was later merged into the Democratic and Progressive Movement (MDP) in 2016; a second, larger group (including Grassi) participated in the foundation of SEL's successor, Italian Left (SI). In the 2017 congress, two motions were presented by Ferrero and Eleonora Forenza , respectively. The coalition of factions led by Ferrero prevailed with

780-411: The PdCI, both in the 1999 European Parliament election (4.3% to 2.0%) and the 2001 general election (5.0% to 1.7%). Despite competition from the PdCI, the PRC confirmed its status as Italy's largest communist party. Having been left by most traditional communists, it also started to enlarge its scope aiming at becoming a collector of radical social movements and, foremost, the main representative of

819-485: The faction around Vendola and Giordano, silently supported by Bertinotti, left the PRC and launched the Movement for the Left (MpS), aimed at forming a broader left-wing party, which would eventually be Left Ecology Freedom (SEL). In the 2009 European Parliament election the PRC ran with the PdCI and minor groups within the Anticapitalist and Communist List , obtaining 3.4% of the vote and no MEPs . In April 2009

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858-573: The first time it entered a government by joining the Prodi II Cabinet , with Paolo Ferrero Minister of Social Solidarity and seven undersecretaries. The decision to participate in the coalition government and vote to refinance the Italian military presence in Afghanistan and send troops to Lebanon attracted criticism from sectors of the European far-left and provoked the splits of several groups from

897-458: The hard-line traditionalist Being Communists (26.2%) which was composed of former followers of Armando Cossutta as well as the Trotskyists of Critical Left , Communist Project and HammerSickle (14.6% together). Communist Project, which opposed the party's participation in the Prodi II Cabinet , unfolded shortly after the 2006 general election . A group led by Francesco Ricci established

936-477: The list was transformed into the Federation of the Left , which would be disbanded by the end of 2012 and officially dissolved in 2015. In the 2013 general election the PRC ran within Civil Revolution along with the PdCI, the Greens, Italy of Values and minor groups, obtaining 2.2% and no seats. In the 2014 European Parliament election the PRC was part of The Other Europe , which obtained 4.0% of

975-483: The majority of deputies and senators, split and formed a rival communist party, the Party of Italian Communists (PdCI), which would soon join the first cabinet led by Massimo D'Alema , the leader of the DS, who replaced Prodi and became the first post-communist to hold the job of Prime Minister of Italy . Deprived of most of its parliamentary representation, the PRC fought for its existence and voters supported it rather than

1014-465: The method associate on the Senate was even more complicated: 75% of seats by uninominal method, and 25% by a special proportional method that actually assigned the remaining seats to minority parties. In December 1994, following the communication of a new investigation from Milan magistrates that was leaked to the press, Umberto Bossi , leader of the Northern League , left the coalition claiming that

1053-433: The other ones, and ensuring external support for a Prodi government. The intricate electoral system of Italy, nicknamed as Mattarellum after Sergio Mattarella , who was the official proponent, provided a 75% of the seats on the Chamber of Deputies (the lower house) as elected by a plurality voting system , whereas the remaining 25% was assigned by proportional representation with a minimum threshold of 4%. If possible,

1092-516: The ranks of his own party, notably including the Workers' Communist Party , the Communist Alternative Party and Critical Left . Prodi, whose majority was weak and fragmented, resigned in January 2008. For the 2008 general election , the PRC formed a joint list named Rainbow Left (SA) with the PdCI, the Federation of the Greens and the Democratic Left under Bertinotti's leadership. SA obtained

1131-407: The reforms would be helpful for the country. On 16 February 1996, a snap election was called. On 19 February 1996, the outgoing Prime Minister Lamberto Dini announced that he would run in the election with a new party allied with The Olive Tree rather than Berlusconi's Pole of Freedoms . Shortly after, Berlusconi claimed that Dini "copied our electoral programme". Another important declaration

1170-567: The run-up of the 2022 general election the PRC was a founding member of the People's Union (UP), a left-wing electoral list led by Luigi de Magistris . The majority of the party following the October 2004 congress was led by Fausto Bertinotti (59.2%) and viewed the PRC as the representative of the anti-globalization movement in Italy. Other factions strongly opposed Bertinotti's innovations. These included

1209-543: The title Communist Refoundation . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communist_Refoundation&oldid=1189038540 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Political party disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Communist Refoundation Party The PRC

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1248-556: The vote and three MEPs, including PRC's Eleonora Forenza . In April 2017 Ferrero was replaced as secretary by Maurizio Acerbo , a former member of the Chamber of Deputies . In the 2018 general election the PRC was part of the Power to the People (PaP) electoral list, which obtained 1.1% of the vote and no seats. In 2020–2021 the party was briefly represented in the Senate by Paola Nugnes ,

1287-435: The vote of 71.5% of party members. Consequently, Maurizio Acerbo , supported by Ferrero, was elected secretary by the central committee. The electoral results of the PRC in general (Chamber of Deputies) elections and European Parliament elections since 1994 are shown in the chart below. The 2008 result refers to that of The Left – The Rainbow , a joint list comprising the Party of Italian Communists , Democratic Left and

1326-403: Was a turning point for the party, which jumped to 8.6% of vote in the 1996 general election , fought by the party in a loose alliance with The Olive Tree , the major centre-left coalition whose dominant partner was the PDS. After the election, the PRC decided to externally support the first cabinet led by Romano Prodi . Tensions soon arose within the coalition and the party. In October 1998

1365-463: Was elected president of traditionally conservative southern region of Apulia , becoming the only regional president ever belonging to the PRC. In the 2006 general election , the PRC was part of The Union , which won narrowly over the centre-right House of Freedoms coalition and the party obtained 5.8%. After the election, Bertinotti was elected President of the Chamber of Deputies and replaced by Franco Giordano as secretary. Additionally, for

1404-470: Was expelled from the party and Critical Left was suspended from it, leading to its final split and establishment as a party in December. Turigliatto's ejection was supported also by Claudio Grassi (leader of Being Communists) and this caused a break-up of the faction. A group led by Fosco Giannini launched an alternative faction named The Ernesto (from the eponymous communist publication), but it would suffer

1443-553: Was held on 21 April 1996 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic . Romano Prodi , leader of the centre-left The Olive Tree , won the election, narrowly defeating Silvio Berlusconi , who led the centre-right Pole for Freedoms . For the election, the Northern League of Umberto Bossi ran alone after having left the Berlusconi I Cabinet in 1994, causing

1482-431: Was that of Umberto Bossi , the leader of the regionalist Northern League , which was very important in 1994 to help Berlusconi winning the election. Bossi said that his party would not support Berlusconi anymore and run alone in the election. At the same time, Prodi's coalition made a pre-electoral agreement with Communist Refoundation Party in which Fausto Bertinotti 's party undertook to support Prodi's government after

1521-538: Was transformed into the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) under the leadership of Achille Occhetto , left-wing dissidents led by Armando Cossutta launched the Movement for Communist Refoundation. Hardliners in PCI were not happy about the changes made inside the party after the fall of the Iron Curtain. Later that year, Proletarian Democracy (DP), a far-left outfit, dissolved itself so that its members could join

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