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122-654: The following is a list of the major roads in London , a major city in Southwestern Ontario . The city is organized in a grid pattern that dates back to the early 19th century, where it is based on the former Townships of London and Westminster. Many roads follow a typical grid pattern, while others follow an alignment along certain bodies of water such as the Westminster Ponds and Thames River. Each geographical township's layout of roads are different. This has led to jogs in

244-418: A CAA poll. Bradley Avenue is proposed to be extended from its current western terminus at White Oak Road to connect with Pack Road. Construction is tied to the completion of new housing development in the area. No definitive timeline is set for this construction. As of November 2024, Bradley Avenue will be extended from Wharncliffe Road to White Oaks Road with construction yet to start by 2025. Clarke Road

366-476: A controlled-access highway . It curves back northward parallel to and east of high-voltage transmission lines before encountering an interchange with Bradley Avenue . It continues, sandwiched between the established neighbourhood of Pond Mills and the developing neighbourhood of Summerside, to an interchange with Commissioner's Road . It then begins to descend into the Thames River valley as it travels west of

488-570: A 330 metres (1,080 ft) section between Power Street and Hamilton Road. The signs remained in place until at least 1981, when it was described by a city traffic official as a "20-second expressway". By the time construction had begun on the extension, proposals for a freeway to connect London with St. Thomas were also being considered. In October 1964, potential route locations for several controlled-access highways around London were revealed to Middlesex, Elgin and Oxford county officials. Among them were what would eventually become Highway 402 ,

610-413: A CNR track's right-of-way, or to meet with its southern continuation. These plans were abandoned after Westminster Ponds were declared an environmentally significant area. At the same time, transportation-oriented studies suggested that Adelaide Street South be connected with Exeter Road, the then- Highway 135 . These plans have since been abandoned as Exeter Road was eventually connected to Highway 401 via

732-485: A July average of 21.0 °C (69.8 °F), and temperatures above 30 °C (86 °F) occur on average 11 days per year. In 2016, however, temperatures rose above this temperature on more than 35 days, and in 2018, four heatwaves led to a peak humidex of 46 °C (115 °F). The city is affected by frequent thunderstorms due to hot, humid summer weather, as well as the convergence of breezes originating from Lake Huron and Lake Erie . The same convergence zone

854-524: A centre of strong Tory support during the Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837, notwithstanding a brief rebellion led by Charles Duncombe . Consequently, the British government located its Ontario peninsular garrison there in 1838, increasing its population with soldiers and their dependents, and the business support populations they required. London was incorporated as a town in 1840. On 13 April 1845,

976-685: A contentious issue for the City of London, which had adopted a resolution in August of that year to name the extension the Wenige Expressway, in honour of nine-term mayor of London, George Wenige . Despite objections from the DHO, which preferred the readability of a number on signage for safety reasons, London ordered signs erected with the name in May 1965. However, the DHO prevailed and these signs were only installed along

1098-431: A continuous roadway due to some obstructive terrain, particularly west of Westmount Drive. Commissioners Road is a continuous roadway close by. Boler Road is a 3.1 kilometres (1.9 mi) north–south arterial road, extending from the Thames River (where it connects to Sanatorium Road), southward through Byron to end at Southdale Road. Sanatorium Road continues north, joining Riverside Drive and ending at Oxford Street in

1220-456: A distinct sense of place . In 1897, London West was annexed to London. London's eastern suburb, London East, was (and remains) an industrial centre, which also incorporated in 1874. It was founded as Lilley's Corners by Charles Lilley in 1854. Oil was discovered in the Petrolia area and Lilley's Corners was chosen as the refining site because it was close to the railroad. The Ontario Car Works,

1342-421: A fire destroyed much of London, which was then largely constructed of wooden buildings. One of the first casualties was the town's only fire engine. The fire burned nearly 30 acres (12 ha) of land, destroying 150 buildings, before it burned itself out later that day. One fifth of London was destroyed in the province's first million-dollar fire. John Carling , Tory MP for London, gave three events to explain

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1464-519: A link between London and St. Thomas, as well as a route around the northern edge of London. Several months later, deputy minister of highways, A.T.C. McNab, announced on May   19 that planning was underway on the London–St. Thomas link. The DHO-commissioned London Area Highway Planning Study, published in July 1966, examined traffic patterns and determined ideal travel lines and redundant routes. It confirmed

1586-761: A mixed use complex that blends retail, office, businesses, and education providers. Alongside Citi Cards Canada's offices, in November 2016, CBC announced plans to move its expanded operations into the building. There are many large Real Estate Development firms based in London which are active across Southwestern Ontario . These include Sifton Properties, Drewlo Holdings, Old Oak Properties, Tricar Developments, York Developments, Farhi Holdings and Westdell Developments. Combined, they own or operate over 300 million square feet of commercial and residential real estate . On 11 December 2009, Minister of State Gary Goodyear announced

1708-585: A new $ 11-million cargo terminal at the London International Airport . Highbury Avenue North of the Thames River , the road was laid out as part of the survey of London Township. It came to be known as the Asylum Side Road until being renamed Highbury Avenue in 1928. It was extended south of the river to Highway   401 as a four-lane freeway in 1963, which the City of London named

1830-464: A new hotel (Delta London Armouries, 1996) in its place, preserving the shell of the historic building. In the 1950s, two reserve battalions amalgamated and became London and Oxford Rifles (3rd Battalion), The Royal Canadian Regiment . This unit continues to serve today as 4th Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment . The Regimental Headquarters of The Royal Canadian Regiment remains in London at Wolseley Barracks on Oxford Street. The barracks are home to

1952-406: A number of gardens and conservatories. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , London had a population of 422,324 living in 174,657 of its 186,409 total private dwellings, a change of 10% from its 2016 population of 383,822 . With a land area of 420.5 km (162.4 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,004.3/km (2,601.2/sq mi) in 2021. At

2074-443: A number of musical and artistic exhibits and festivals, which contribute to its tourism industry, but its economic activity is centered on education , medical research , manufacturing , financial services , and information technology . London's university and hospitals are among its top ten employers. London lies at the junction of Highways 401 and 402 , connecting it to Toronto , Windsor , and Sarnia . These highways also make

2196-492: A platform to advertise and sell their services to those looking for voiceover work. Other tech companies located in London include AutoData, Carfax Canada , HRDownloads, Mobials, Northern Commerce and Paystone which recently raised $ 100M. The London Life Insurance Company was founded there, as was Canada Trust (in 1864), Imperial Oil , GoodLife Fitness , and both the Labatt and Carling breweries. The Libro Financial Group

2318-501: A ravine between William and Maitland Streets. A 1971 official plan envisioned construction of the missing link, but is not now expected, the road to the west being of minor significance, and amid environmental considerations through the ravine. Most of the route is two-lane road. Historically, Huron Street extended east to Crumlin Sideroad at the east edge of London Township (closed to traffic upon development of military operational areas at

2440-473: A roundabout was constructed at Sunningdale Road. King Street is an east–west road along a 4.67-kilometre-long (2.90 mi) pair of rights-of-way between the Thames River and Highbury Avenue, broken into two segments by the closure of part of that right-of-way for Queens Park. Its western segment is a 2.96 kilometres (1.84 mi) eastbound one-way road that complements westbound Queens Avenue, and has many older business establishments as well as passing through

2562-588: A separate contract to grade and pave the extension in April 1962. Construction also began that year on an overpass of the CNR tracks north of Trafalgar Street. The CNR overpass and Highbury Avenue extension were opened together by a motorcade ceremony on December   9, 1963. The extension was built by the Department of Highways (DHO), and was signed as Highway   126 from Wilton Grove Road to Hamilton Road. This became

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2684-763: A subtribe of the Lenape or Delaware people), expelled from their homeland in Modern New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania after the creation of the United States . The Oneida Nation of the Thames , Chippewas of the Thames First Nation , and Munsee-Delaware Nation reserves are located south-west of the city. The current location of London was selected as the site of the future capital of Upper Canada in 1793 by Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe , who also named

2806-462: A two-lane road to St. Thomas . At varying times, the portion of Highbury between Hamilton and Fanshawe Park Roads was rebuilt from a 2-lane road to a 4-lane road. Horton Street is a 3.5-kilometre-long (2.2 mi) main thoroughfare in the core area of London, the most direct and widest artery south of the CNR railway tracks, between Hamilton Road and Springbank Drive. Horton Street was originally part of

2928-538: A westbound-only interchange. The city outlined in their 2005 edition of their official plan to extend Adelaide Street south of Highway 401 to meet Sise Road at Wilton Grove Road. There is yet to be a timeline to be announced for this roadwork. Byron Baseline Road is a 3.52-kilometre-long (2.19 mi) main thoroughfare in the Byron section of London, extending west from the intersection of Commissioners Road with Springbank Drive to Westdel Bourne. There are proposals to align

3050-522: Is politically separate from Middlesex County , though it remains the county seat. London and the Thames were named after the English city and river in 1793 by John Graves Simcoe , who proposed the site for the capital city of Upper Canada . The first European settlement was between 1801 and 1804 by Peter Hagerman. The village was founded in 1826 and incorporated in 1855. Since then, London has grown to be

3172-628: Is a rural arterial road in south-central London at the edge of the city's urban growth boundary , and was the Fourth Concession Road of Westminster Township. It overpasses Highway 401 just east of the Highway 402 interchange. The road starts in the west at Wonderland Road and ends in the east at Westchester Bourne in Thames Centre . Dundas Street is a very long (albeit broken) historic route running from London to Toronto , and represented

3294-630: Is also the site of the Flame of Hope, which is intended to burn until a cure for diabetes is discovered. London's role as a military centre continued into the 20th century during the two World Wars, serving as the administrative centre for the Western Ontario district. In 1905, the London Armoury was built and housed the First Hussars until 1975. A private investor purchased the historic site and built

3416-465: Is an 11.7 kilometres (7.3 mi) main route in the eastern part of London, starting at Hamilton Road and proceeding north past the city limits to Highway 7 . When the route easterly approaches the junction with Veterans Memorial Parkway and the Fanshawe conservation area entrance, it continues north as if a natural continuation of Veterans Memorial Parkway. Much of the route is two-lane road. A bridge over

3538-491: Is bisected into northern and southern segments by the south branch of the Thames River and ends at Commissioners Road East. It continues 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) to the south at Southdale Road East where it ends south of Newbold Street, just metres north of Highway 401 . An overpass of Canadian National Railway tracks south of York Street was opened circa 1962. In 2018 the city announced that Adelaide Street between Central and Pall Mall will be converted to an underpass under

3660-569: Is currently the eleventh-largest urban area in Canada , eleventh-largest census metropolitan area in Canada , and the sixth-largest city in Ontario. On Victoria Day , 24 May 1881, the stern-wheeler ferry SS Victoria capsized in the Thames River close to Cove Bridge in West London. Approximately 200 passengers drowned in the shallow river, making it one of the worst disasters in London's history, and

3782-620: Is dominated by medical research , financial services , manufacturing , and information technology . Much of the life sciences and biotechnology related research is conducted or supported by the University of Western Ontario (partly through the Robarts Research Institute ), which adds about C$ 1.5 billion to the London economy annually. Private companies in the industry like PolyAnalytik , Alimentiv , KGK Sciences and Sernova are also based in London. The largest employer in London

List of roads in London, Ontario - Misplaced Pages Continue

3904-623: Is in a hosiery factory, and Arcane Digital moved into a 1930s industrial building in 2015. The Historic London Roundhouse, a steam locomotive repair shop built in 1887, is now home to Royal LePage Triland Realty, rTraction and more. Its redesign, which opened in 2015, won the 2015 Paul Oberman Award for Adaptive Re-Use from the Architectural Conservancy of Ontario. London is also home to StarTech.com , Diply , video game companies like Digital Extremes , Big Blue Bubble and Big Viking Games, and Voices.com , which provides voiceover artists

4026-513: Is now dubbed " The Victoria Day Disaster ". At the time, London's population was relatively low; therefore it was hard to find a person in the city who did not have a family member affected by the tragedy. Two years later, on 12 July 1883, the first of the two most devastating floods in London's history killed 17 people. The second major flood, on 26 April 1937, destroyed more than a thousand houses across London, and caused over $ 50 million in damages, particularly in West London. On 3 January 1898,

4148-458: Is now part of Eaton Park Drive. A 4.4 kilometres (2.7 mi) segment known as Base Line Road East and Base Line Road West is extended off the base line north to join Southcrest Drive. The third segment runs between Emerson and Helena Avenues. A fourth segment is now Westmount Hills Drive. A possible additional segment is part of Chippendale Crescent. Base Line Road was never developed as

4270-401: Is planned to be reconstructed along with the widening of Highway 401 between Highway 4 and Highway 402 (including a new interchange with Wonderland Road ). Commissioners Road is an 18.1-kilometre-long (11.2 mi) east–west thoroughfare south of the Thames River. Although it roughly parallels Base Line Road (which was never completely built as Concession Road 1 of Westminster Township), it

4392-455: Is responsible for spawning funnel clouds and the occasional tornado. Spring and autumn in between are not long, and winters are cold but with frequent thaws. Annual precipitation averages 1,011.5 mm (39.82 in). Its winter snowfall totals are heavy, averaging about 194 cm (76 in) per year, although the localized nature of snow squalls means the total can vary widely from year to year as do accumulations over different areas of

4514-645: Is the London Health Sciences Centre , which employs 10,555 people. Since the economic crisis of 2009, the city has transitioned to become a technology hub with a focus on the Digital Creative sector. As of 2016, London is home to 300 technology companies that employ 3% of the city's labour force. Many of these companies have moved into former factories and industrial spaces in and around the downtown core, and have renovated them as modern offices. For example, Info-Tech Research Group 's London office

4636-546: Is the next main thoroughfare north of Southdale Road, extending in the east to join Hamilton Road, and in the west to join Oxford Street West. Commissioners has a steep-winding hill between Springbank Drive and Westmount Drive; there is a corridor outlined on the city official plan to circle around this hill, but although it has been identified for several decades, there is no time line for it to be built. Dingman Drive

4758-544: The Blackfriars Street Bridge , was constructed. It replaced a succession of flood-failed wooden structures that had provided the city's only northern road crossing of the river. A rare example of a wrought iron bowstring arch through truss bridge , the Blackfriars remains open to pedestrian and bicycle traffic, though it was temporarily closed indefinitely to vehicular traffic due to various structural problems and

4880-655: The Detroit-Windsor , Port Huron-Sarnia , and Niagara Falls border crossings with the United States easily accessible. The city also has railway stations and bus stations and is home to the London International Airport . A series of archaeological sites throughout southwestern Ontario , named for the Parkhill Complex excavated near Parkhill , indicate the presence of Paleo-Indians in the area dating back approximately 11,000 years. Just prior to European settlement,

5002-751: The Kettle Creek valley, Highbury Avenue passes the trailhead of the Dan Patterson Conservation Area at Mapleton Line. It crosses Salt Creek and Kettle Creek within the valley before returning to an agricultural setting at Elgin County Road   48 (Ferguson Line). Approaching the Elgin County boundary, the road swerves northwest as it transitions from the Lake Erie -oriented survey of Elgin County to

List of roads in London, Ontario - Misplaced Pages Continue

5124-608: The London Transit main office, it continues between residences and crosses the CN Guelph subdivision at grade . Between Dundas Street (former Highway 2 ) and Oxford Street , Highbury Avenue crosses over the Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) Galt subdivision and travels along the western side of the former London Psychiatric Hospital . After passing to the west of Fanshawe College , Highbury Avenue travels through

5246-490: The Sifton Bog , as well as some of the most agriculturally productive areas of farmland in Ontario. The Thames River dominates London's geography. The North and South branches of the Thames River meet at the centre of the city, a location known as "The Forks" or "The Fork of the Thames". The North Thames runs through the man-made Fanshawe Lake in northeast London. Fanshawe Lake was created by Fanshawe Dam, constructed to protect

5368-592: The Wenige Expressway in 1965. Between 1963 and 1991, the section from Wilton Grove Road to Hamilton Road was provincially maintained and designated as Highway 126 . In the 1990s, Highbury Avenue was continued south to St. Thomas along Hubrey Side Road and Radio Road. Highbury Avenue is a 45.6 kilometres (28.3 mi) road that travels north from St. Thomas, through London, to Highway   7, east of Elginfield. Located within Elgin County , Middlesex County and

5490-735: The census metropolitan area (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the London CMA had a population of 543,551 living in 222,239 of its 235,522 total private dwellings, a change of 10% from its 2016 population of 494,069 . With a land area of 2,661.48 km (1,027.60 sq mi), it had a population density of 204.2/km (529.0/sq mi) in 2021. As per the 2021 census, the most common ethnic or cultural origins in London are English (21.9%), Scottish (17.4%), Irish (16.8%), Canadian (12.1%), German (9.3%), French (6.6%), Dutch (5.0%), Italian (4.5%), British Isles (4.3%), Indian (3.7%), Polish (3.6%), and Chinese (3.0%). Indigenous people made up 2.6% of

5612-488: The 1900–1930 era. The London Technical and Commercial High School came under heavy attack from the city's social and business elite, which saw the school as a threat to the budget of the city's only academic high school, London Collegiate Institute. The Banting House , a National Historic Site of Canada, is where Frederick Banting developed the ideas that led to the discovery of insulin . Banting lived and practiced in London for ten months, from July 1920 to May 1921. London

5734-446: The 1960s between the present-day Green Valley Road, south of Highway   401, and Power Street, on the north shore of the river. Plans to widen Highbury Avenue and extend it south to the new Highway   401 emerged in the late 1950s. In February 1958, a new four-lane overpass of the CPR north of Dundas Street was opened, replacing an old bridge that had existed since at least 1915. This

5856-426: The 1970s, there were conceptual plans for Hyde Park Road to bypass Hyde Park, to the east. This bypass was never constructed. In 1985, the CNR and CPR grade separations were replaced with new, wider structures. Hyde Park Road experienced a high degree of traffic congestion between Oxford Street and Fanshawe Park Road. Construction to widen this segment of the road from two lanes to four was completed in 2016. In 2021,

5978-464: The Asylum Side Road. However, this name was apparently never official. As development in London crept eastward along Hamilton Road in the early 20th   century, Highbury Avenue was adopted as the local name of the route near that crossroad as early as 1921. It became the official name of the entire route north of the Thames River in late 1928. South of the Thames River, no road existed before

6100-483: The Beaconsfield right-of-way from there to end at Springbank Drive. Huron Street is a 9.21-kilometre-long (5.72 mi) main thoroughfare in the eastern part of London formerly Third Concession Road of London Township, traversing the north edge of the city's older grid-network neighbourhoods, from the Thames River at Gibbons Park to the London International Airport . It is interrupted for 330 metres (1,080 ft) by

6222-537: The Byron Bog. North of Oxford Street, it crossed the Canadian National Railway via a narrow truss bridge, and then crossed the Canadian Pacific Railway south of Hyde Park via a one-lane subway. In the early 1980s, Hyde Park Road was largely bypassed to the east between Oxford Street and Riverside Drive, completely avoiding the environmentally sensitive area near the bog which also included very steep grades. In

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6344-516: The Canadian Pacific rail tracks. (In both cases, the tracks were carrying slow-moving trains that frequently obstructed traffic.) Construction began in 2021 and it is expected to be completed in 2023. The reason for the road interruption is because Westminster Ponds is situated between Commissioners and Southdale Roads. In the early 1970s, there had existed plans to extend Adelaide as a four-lane road to meet with Pond Mills Road at Southdale using

6466-404: The City of London, it is classified as an arterial road throughout its length, with the exception of a 5.0-kilometre (3.1 mi) section between Highway   401 and the Thames River, which is classified as a freeway by the City of London. Between St. Thomas and London, approximately 15,000   vehicles travel Highbury Avenue on an average day . This climbs to 48,000   vehicles at

6588-631: The Fanshawe Conservation Area east of Clarke Road westward to the city limits where it continues as Egremont Drive, Middlesex County Road 22. Fanshawe Park is bisected into eastern and western halves by Richmond Street. Although there is no exit east of Clarke Road, prior to the construction of the Clarke Road bridge over the Thames River, the Upper Thames River Conservation Authority permitted through traffic between

6710-513: The Fanshawe Dam construction, it continued east to Crumlin Sideroad and had several homes of the London area's well-to-do families. The name is a misspelling of a 19th century family, with H.H. Killaly serving for London in the Parliament of Canada in the 1840s. Hamilton Road is a 10.0-kilometre-long (6.2 mi) main east–west route, on a diagonal with the grid network, from the core area to

6832-621: The First Concession Road, or Base Line Road, of London Township. The portion within London runs for 11.3 kilometres (7.0 mi) as a main east–west road through central and eastern London. Much of it was designated as Highway 2 until the late 1990s. It begins where Riverside Drive eastbound crosses the Thames River, and ends at the eastern city limits, although travelers continuing east through Thamesford and Woodstock also will still be on Dundas Street until it changes its name to Governors Road and becomes discontinuous near Paris. Except in

6954-453: The First Hussars militia regiment as well. London annexed many of the surrounding communities in 1961, including Byron and Masonville, adding 60,000 people and more than doubling its area. After this amalgamation, suburban growth accelerated as London grew outward in all directions, creating expansive new subdivisions such as Westmount, Oakridge, Whitehills, Pond Mills, White Oaks and Stoneybrook. On 1 January 1993, London annexed nearly

7076-599: The Great Western Gasworks and the London Street Railroad all had their headquarters in Lilley's Corners. In 1872, Lilley's Corners became a village. It was annexed to London in 1885. Attaining the status of town in 1881, it continued as a separate municipality until concerns over expensive waterworks and other fiscal problems led to amalgamation in 1885. The southern suburb of London, including Wortley Village,

7198-509: The London area was the site of several Attawandaron , Odawa , and Ojibwe villages. The Lawson Site in northwest London is an archaeological excavation and partial reconstruction of an approximately 500-year-old Neutral Iroquoian village, estimated to have been home to 2,000 people. These groups were driven out by the Iroquois by c.  1654 in the Beaver Wars . The Iroquois abandoned

7320-717: The Meadowlily Nature Preserve. Crossing the Thames River and the Thames Valley Parkway recreational trail, the freeway portion of Highbury Avenue ends at Power Street, alongside the Highbury transformer station . It transitions back to an arterial road as it approaches Hamilton Road , with detached residences lining the route between Hamilton Road and Trafalgar Street. After crossing over the Canadian National Railway (CN) Dundas subdivision and passing

7442-503: The North Thames River between Kilally Road and Fanshawe Park Road was completed in the late 1960s, closing the one gap in the road (see Fanshawe Park Road, below). Colonel Talbot Road is a 14.5-kilometre-long (9.0 mi) roadway in the London area. Its northernmost point starts at Byron Baseline Road in the east area of Byron and runs south to Lambeth , where it intersects with Longwoods Road and becomes Highway 4 . From there,

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7564-552: The Oakridge area. Boler Road originally ran southward from Old Bridge Road in Byron. In the mid-1960s, the one-lane truss bridge over the Thames River connecting Boler Road to Riverside Drive was replaced with a deck bridge, and Boler Road was diverted onto the new bridge. In the 1970s, there were conceptual plans to realign Boler Road south of Baseline Road to join Colonel Talbot Road north of Southdale Road. This bypass, which

7686-581: The School of Military Instruction in London. Established by Militia General Order in 1865, the school enabled Officers of Militia or Candidates for Commission or promotion in the Militia to learn Military duties, drill and discipline, to command a Company at Battalion Drill, to Drill a Company at Company Drill, the internal economy of a Company and the duties of a Company's Officer. The school was not retained at Confederation, in 1867. In 1875, London's first iron bridge,

7808-706: The Thames (then known as the Escunnisepe ) to Upper Canada. London was part of the Talbot Settlement , named for Colonel Thomas Talbot , the chief administrator of the area, who oversaw the land surveying and built the first government buildings for the administration of the western Ontario peninsular region. Together with the rest of southwestern Ontario, the village benefited from Talbot's provisions not only for building and maintaining roads but also for assignment of access priorities to main routes to productive land. Crown and clergy reserves then received preference in

7930-481: The Thames River crossing before gradually dropping to 30,000   vehicles at Fanshawe Park Road . North of there, traffic levels drop to 9,000–10,000 through Middlesex Centre. The southern terminus of Highbury Avenue is an intersection with South Edgeware Road, just north of Highway   3 and the eastern end of the St. Thomas Expressway. It travels in a straight line north as a two lane road through an industrial park on

8052-574: The Thames River, what would eventually become Highbury Avenue was first laid out as a concession road in the original survey of London Township . Mahlon Burwell began this survey in 1810, but its completion was delayed until after the end of the War of 1812 . Because it connected to the London Asylum (opened 1870, later the London Psychiatric Hospital), the concession road came to be known as

8174-425: The Thames River-oriented survey of former Westminster Township . Highbury Avenue crosses from Central Elgin into the city of London at the intersection of Webber Bourne and Thompson Line, although the surroundings remain agricultural. It travels between farm fields for the next 8 km (5 mi), with the LEED Certified London Southeast Pumping Station and Reservoir near the ghost village of Hubrey breaking

8296-399: The airport, but partly reopened in the 1990s), and there have been plans to extend it west across the Thames River to Western Road, connecting with an orphan segment between the river and Western Road which has now been renamed as part of the roadways at Western University. There is no current information on the routing of Huron in the vicinity of William and Maitland prior to the development of

8418-413: The area as part of London. Hyde Park Road is an 8.1-kilometre-long (5.0 mi) north–south arterial road in London, Ontario, Canada. It extends from the Thames River in the Oakridge area northward through the village and road namesake of Hyde Park and through Ilderton north of the city to Highway 7 . Hyde Park Sideroad originally ran northward on a fairly straight alignment through the lowlands east of

8540-431: The building's construction were fined $ 400,000, with The Ministry of Labour, Immigration, Training and Skills Development declaring the companies had failed to "provide proper information, instruction and supervision, specifically on the use of proper concrete measuring techniques on the project." The area was formed during the retreat of the glaciers during the last ice age , which produced areas of marshland , notably

8662-523: The casualties of the economic crisis in 2011, the site will soon be home to a major Amazon distribution center employing 2,000 workers by 2023. London's city centre mall was first opened in 1960 as Wellington Square with 400,000 sq ft (37,000 m ) of leasable area, with Eaton's and Woolworths as anchors. From 1986 to 1989, Campeau expanded Wellington Square into Galleria London with 1,000,000 sq ft (93,000 m ) of leasable area and 200 stores including The Bay and Eaton's. However,

8784-512: The city of Hamilton . Highbury Avenue is a main thoroughfare in the eastern part of London, in the form of a former sideroad in London Township, from Hamilton Road northward. South of Hamilton Road, Highbury Avenue is a municipal expressway in the southeast part of the city, built in 1966 as part of a larger expressway plan that was cancelled amid public opposition. The expressway connects to Highway 401 . Highbury Avenue continues south as

8906-411: The city of London since 1961, mainly as the only connection between Western Road and Adelaide Street north of Oxford and south of Fanshawe Park Road. Just east of Adelaide the road is a dead-end, with little prospect of being connected to Kilally Road although a watermain passes across the gap. West of Western Road, Windermere ends at Ryersie Drive which has no other outlet. Gainsborough Road , replacing

9028-605: The city. GDLS has a 14-year $ 15-billion deal to supply light armored vehicles and employs over 2,400 people. McCormick Canada , formerly Club House Foods, was founded in 1883 and currently employs more than 600 Londoners. A portion of the city's population work in factories outside of the city limits, including the General Motors automotive plant CAMI , and a Toyota plant in Woodstock . A Ford plant in Talbotville became one of

9150-439: The city. Some of the snow accumulation comes from lake effect snow and snow squalls originating from Lake Huron, some 60 km (37 mi) to the northwest, which occurs when strong, cold winds blow from that direction. From 5 December 2010, to 9 December 2010, London experienced record snowfall when up to 2 m (79 in) of snow fell in parts of the city. Schools and businesses were closed for three days and bus service

9272-533: The development of London in a 1901 speech: the location of the court and administration in London in 1826, the arrival of the military garrison in 1838, and the arrival of the railway in 1853. The population in 1846 was 3,500. Brick buildings included a jail and court house, and large barracks. London had a fire company, a theatre, a large Gothic church, nine other churches or chapels, and two market buildings. The buildings that were destroyed by fire in 1845 were mostly rebuilt by 1846. Connection with other communities

9394-526: The downriver areas from the catastrophic flooding which affected the city in 1883 and 1937. London has a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb ), with modestly warm summers, and cold and cloudy winters with frequent snow. Because of its location in the continent, London experiences large seasonal contrast, tempered to a point by the surrounding Great Lakes . The proximity of the lakes also ensure abundant cloud cover, particularly in late Fall and Winter. The summers are usually warm to hot and humid, with

9516-536: The downstream rivers. Financing for this project came from the federal, provincial, and municipal governments. Other natural disasters include a 1984 tornado that led to damage on several streets in the White Oaks area of South London. On 11 December 2020, a partially-constructed apartment building just off of Wonderland Road in southwest London collapsed, killing two people and injuring at least four others. In January 2024, both Oxford County companies involved in

9638-443: The downtown core, west of Wellington Street, the road is a four-lane road, with no median strip. A former western section, Dundas Street West , was incorporated into Riverside Drive in the 1970s. For the entirety of the street between London and Toronto, see Dundas Street . Fanshawe Park Road is a 15.2-kilometre-long (9.4 mi) east–west arterial road formerly known as Fifth Concession Road of London Township. It extends from

9760-457: The early 1990s recession, following by the bankruptcy of Eaton's in 1999 and then the departure of The Bay in 2000 resulted in only 20 stores left by 2001. Galleria London then began seeking non-retail tenants, becoming the home for London's central library branch, and satellite campuses for both Fanshawe College and Western University . The complex was purchased and renamed to Citi Plaza by Citigroup in 2009. Citi Plaza has been redeveloped as

9882-440: The east end of Fanshawe Park Road and the current Fanshawe conservation park entrance on Clarke Road between Huron and Kilally, crossing the Thames on the flood-control dam structure. The old north entrance has been gated for many years since then, but recently reopened to provide access to other park attractions without a through connection. Prior to the completion of the Fanshawe Dam, Fifth Concession Road went downhill and crossed

10004-438: The entire township of Westminster , a large, primarily rural municipality directly south of the city, including the police village of Lambeth . With this massive annexation, which also included part of London township , London almost doubled in area again, adding several thousand more residents. In the present day, London stretches south to the boundary with Elgin County , north and east to Fanshawe Lake , north and west to

10126-407: The existing cloverleaf being converted to a parclo configuration with traffic lights . Highbury Avenue was extended south to St. Thomas circa 1999, along what was known as Hubrey Side Road within London, and Radio Road within Elgin County. Work is currently underway to replace the bridge over the Thames River, which as of 2021 is 57 years old. Following completion, a CA$ 20 million contract

10248-548: The floor of the assembly hall at London City Hall collapsed, killing 23 people and leaving more than 70 injured. Testimony at a coroner's inquest described the wooden beam under the floor as unsound, with knots and other defects reducing its strength by one fifth to one third. After repeated floods, the Upper Thames River Conservation Authority in 1953 built Fanshawe Dam on the North Thames to control

10370-463: The grid of streets south of the CNR tracks, with its west end at Thames Street and most traffic turning a block east at Ridout to enter or exit Horton. The east end was mainly residential, with traffic flowing onto and off of Hamilton just east of Maitland Street where Horton meets Hamilton. After years of controversy, in 1985, Horton was extended west across the Thames River, between the CNR tracks and Beaconsfield Avenue to Wharncliffe Road, then assumed

10492-410: The highway crosses over Highway 402 and Highway 401 and ends shortly thereafter at Southminster Bourne (County Road 18), continuing south as Sunset Drive. Highway 4 continues a short distance to the south, to Highway 3 at Talbotville Royal. The road also continues a short distance north of Byron Baseline Road to Commissioners Road, as North Street. The road is named after Colonel Thomas Talbot , who

10614-494: The largest southwestern Ontario municipality and Canada's 11th largest metropolitan area , having annexed many of the smaller communities that surround it. London is a regional centre of healthcare and education, being home to the University of Western Ontario (which brands itself "Western University"), Fanshawe College , and three major hospitals: Victoria Hospital , University Hospital and St. Joseph's Hospital. The city hosts

10736-638: The major banks. Industries included several tanneries, oil refineries and foundries, four flour mills, the Labatt Brewing Company and the Carling brewery in addition to other manufacturing companies such as EMCO Wheaton . Both the Great Western and Grand Trunk railways had stops here. Several insurance companies also had offices in the city. The Crystal Palace Barracks , an octagonal brick building with eight doors and forty-eight windows built in 1861,

10858-399: The midst of the large downtown mall. The eastern segment, separated from the other by Queens Park, is a 1.22-kilometre-long (0.76 mi) two-way road that formerly extended another 180 metres (590 ft) to Florence Street. Plans have existed since at least 1970 to construct a bridge at the west end to divert Riverside Drive traffic off of Dundas. Historically, King Street connected across

10980-492: The monotony. Leaving the farmland to cross two branches of Dingman Creek, Highbury Avenue widens to four lanes, and enters urban London at Wilton Grove Road, where it divides the Wilton Grove Industrial Park. Proceeding north, Highbury Avenue curves northwest as it crosses Highway   401 at Exit   189. North of that interchange , the opposing carriageways separate as Highbury Avenue transitions into

11102-442: The more inclusive "London West", it remained a separate municipality until ratepayers voted for amalgamation with London in 1897, largely due to repeated flooding. The most serious flood was in July 1883, which resulted in serious loss of life and property devaluation. This area retains much original and attractively maintained 19th-century tradespeople's and workers' housing, including Georgian cottages as well as larger houses, and

11224-528: The municipality of Middlesex Centre, where it is designated as Middlesex County Road   23. It bisects the communities of Ballymote at Middlesex County Road   28 (Medway Road), and Bryanston at Middlesex County Road   16 (Plover Mills Road). Otherwise, it is almost exclusively surrounded by farmland for the remainder of its length. It ends at Highway   7 (Elginfield Road), the boundary between Middlesex Centre and Lucan Biddulph , approximately 5.0 km (3.1 mi) east of Elginfield. North of

11346-414: The name Sarnia Gravel Road in the mid-1960s, is continuous from Whiteacres Drive west across Wonderland Road and Hyde Park Road to the city limits, part of the city since 1961 and 1993. There are no plans to link it across Medway Creek with Windermere. Kilally Road west of Highbury Avenue became part of the city in 1961, and east of Highbury in 1993. It currently dead-ends east of Clarke Road, but prior to

11468-483: The need for and priority of the new link, as well as continuing Highway   126 north then west to Highway   402. Planning studies for the London–St. Thomas route were completed by 1968. The proposed route was presented to the public at the Western Fair on September   8, 1972, along with the St. Thomas Expressway. Ultimately, the St. Thomas Expressway would open alone on September   7, 1981. With

11590-434: The neighbourhood of Huron Heights. It crosses the North Thames River, and reaches the London rural–urban fringe just north of the historic crossroad hamlet of Fanshawe at Stoney Creek. It narrows to a two-lane rural road and becomes surrounded by farmland north of there. Approximately 0.7 km (0.43 mi) north of Sunningdale Road , it crosses from London into Middlesex Centre. Highbury Avenue travels north through

11712-561: The official languages, 98% of the population reported knowing English and 7.2% French. In 2021, 48.8% of the population identified as Christian , with Catholics (21.5%) making up the largest denomination, followed by United Church (4.7%), Anglican (4.4%), Orthodox (2.0%), Presbyterian (1.5%), Baptist (1.4%), and other denominations. 37.2% of the population reported no religious affiliation. Others identified as Muslim (8.4%), Hindu (2.1%), Sikh (1.0%), Buddhist (0.9%), Jewish (0.5%), and with other religions. London's economy

11834-536: The outskirts of St. Thomas and crosses the Ontario Southland Railway tracks. The northeastern corner of a subdivision and a high voltage transmission line meet Highbury Avenue at the intersection of Elgin County Road   52 (Ron McNeil Line), after which the road enters the rural township of Central Elgin. Through Central Elgin, the road is designated as Elgin County Road ;30 . Dipping into

11956-495: The outward growth of suburban London and the proposed annexation of Westminster Township in the early 1990s, responsibility for Highway   126 was transferred from the provincial government to the City of London effective June   12, 1991. That year also saw an interchange opened at Bradley Avenue. Later in 1994, the Highbury Avenue interchange and overpass at Highway   401 was reconstructed. The reconstruction led to

12078-650: The population, with most being First Nations (1.9%). Ethnocultural backgrounds in the city included European (68.7%), South Asian (6.5%), Arab (5.3%), Black (4.2%), Latin American (3.0%), Chinese (2.9%), Southeast Asian (1.4%), Filipino (1.4%), West Asian (1.3%), and Korean (1.0%). The 2021 census found English to be the mother tongue of 71.1% of the population. This was followed by Arabic (3.7%), Spanish (2.7%), Mandarin (1.6%), Portuguese (1.3%), French (1.1%), Polish (1.1%), Korean (0.8%), Punjabi (0.8%), Malayalam (0.8%), and Urdu (0.7%). Of

12200-633: The region some 50 years later, driven out by the Ojibwa. An Anishinaabeg community site was described as located near the forks of Thames River (Anishinaabe language: Eshkani-ziibi, "Antler River") in c.  1690 and was referred to as Pahkatequayang ("Baketigweyaang":"At the River Fork" (lit: at where the by-stream is)). Later, in the early 19th century, the Munsee-Delaware Nation (the Munsee are

12322-539: The rest of Ontario. In 1814, the Battle of Longwoods took place during the War of 1812 in what is now Southwest Middlesex , near London. The retreating British Army were staying at Hungerford Hill when they were attacked by the Kentucky Mounted Riflemen. In 1827, a settlement was started Bryon when Cyrenius Hall built a gristmill. In 1832, the new settlement suffered an outbreak of cholera . London proved

12444-481: The river on a bridge before climbing to connect with Crumlin Side Road, at what is now the intersection of Lakeside Drive and Wye Creek Drive in Thames Centre 's West Nissouri Township. Following the Fourth Concession Road of geographic London Township, these three roads are not connected due to the course of the Thames River, and the environmental sensitivity of that and Medway Creek. Windermere Road has been part of

12566-652: The river with Becher Street, a residential street; the bridge still exists, but has been closed since the 1960s and is limited to pedestrian traffic. London, Ontario London is a city in southwestern Ontario , Canada, along the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor . The city had a population of 422,324 according to the 2021 Canadian census . London is at the confluence of the Thames River and North Thames River, approximately 200 km (120 mi) from both Toronto and Detroit ; and about 230 km (140 mi) from Buffalo, New York . The city of London

12688-465: The road network, most of which have since been corrected. Adelaide Street is a north–south arterial road in London, as well as in Middlesex Centre . The total length from Commissioners Road to its northern terminus is 25.7 kilometres (16.0 mi), of which 11.2 kilometres (7.0 mi) is within the city limits of London. Its northern terminus is at Highway 7 . It runs through London where it

12810-403: The southeast city limits. Although it begins at Bathurst and Burwell Streets, it does not become a thoroughfare for two blocks, where it crosses Horton Street. When it reaches the junction with Commissioners Road and Old Victoria Road, it continues east as if a natural continuation of Commissioners Road. Its name apparently references its 19th-century history as a road used for travelers headed to

12932-639: The township of Middlesex Centre (the nearest developed areas of it being Arva to the north and Komoka to the west) and east to Nilestown and Dorchester. The 1993 annexation, made London one of the largest urban municipalities in Ontario. Intense commercial and residential development is presently occurring in the southwest and northwest areas of the city. Opponents of this development cite urban sprawl , destruction of rare Carolinian zone forest and farm lands, replacement of distinctive regions by generic malls, and standard transportation and pollution concerns as major issues facing London. The City of London

13054-536: The university, and was not annexed until 1961. Broughdale was named after Reverend Charles C. Brough, the Anglican Archdeacon of London who settled there in 1854. Broughdale started to grow when it was connected to the London Street Railroad in 1901, leading to a real estate bubble. A post office was opened in Broughdale on 1 July 1904 with Charles Watlers as postmaster. Broughdale was initially named Brough, but

13176-429: The vicinity of Pack Road, north of Lambeth. A timeline for this extension has yet to be determined. Bradley Avenue is an 11.4-kilometre-long (7.1 mi) east–west arterial road in the southern portion of the city. Compared to other major streets in London, Bradley Avenue has a relatively modern existence. Originally a two-block long connecting road between Wellington Road and Dearness Drive, its subsequent extension

13298-464: The village which was founded in 1826. Originally, Simcoe had proposed to call it Georgiana , in honour of George III , the reigning monarch at that time. It did not become the capital Simcoe envisioned. Rather, it was an administrative seat for the area west of the actual capital, York (now Toronto). The London Township Treaty of 1796 with the Chippewa ceded the original town site on the north bank of

13420-458: The west end with Elviage Drive. The road was originally known as Base Line Road, which was also the name of five other segments of road not connected to it, but altogether forming the base line of Westminster geographic township. The name was changed in the 1980s to distinguish it from the two remaining disconnected segments. One segment extended 210 metres (690 ft) from what is now Old Wonderland Road to half-a-block east of Melcrest Road; it

13542-429: Was by road, using mainly stagecoaches that ran daily. A weekly newspaper was published and mail was received daily by the post office. Two villages named Petersville and Kensington once stood where downtown London now is. Petersville was founded by Samuel Peters in 1853. Kensington was founded around about 1878. Petersville and Kensigton were amalgamated on 4 March 1881 to form London West. On 1 January 1855, London

13664-586: Was cancelled after the second day of snow. The highest temperature ever recorded in London was 41.1 °C (106 °F) on 6 August 1918. The lowest temperature ever recorded was −32.8 °C (−27 °F) on 9 February 1934. London has a number of parks. Victoria Park in downtown London is a major centre of community events, attracting an estimated 1 million visitors per year. Other major parks include Harris Park, Gibbons Park, Fanshawe Conservation Area ( Fanshawe Pioneer Village ), Springbank Park , White Oaks Park and Westminster Ponds. The city also maintains

13786-458: Was collectively known as "London South". Never incorporated, the South was annexed to the city in 1890, although Wortley Village still retains a distinct sense of place . The area started to be settled in the 1860s. In 1880, Polk's Directory called London South "a charming suburb of the City of London.". By contrast, the settlement at Broughdale on the city's north end had a clear identity, adjoined

13908-588: Was founded in London 1951 and is the second largest credit union in Ontario and employs over 600 people. Downtown London is also home to major satellite offices for each of the Big Five banks of Canada , particularly TD Bank which employees 2,000 people, and the digital challenger bank VersaBank is also headquartered in the city. The headquarters of the Canadian division of 3M are in London. General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS) builds armoured personnel carriers in

14030-419: Was in charge of settling the area in the 19th century. For many years, the road was known as North Talbot Road, and assumed its current name in the late 1980s. Prior to the City of London annexation of Westminster Township in 1993, the road was also known as Middlesex County Road 40 north of Lambeth. Colonel Talbot Road interchanges with Highway 401 using an outdated cloverleaf interchange design. This junction

14152-490: Was incorporated as a city (10,000 or more residents). In the 1860s, a sulphur spring was discovered at the forks of the Thames River while industrialists were drilling for oil . The springs became a popular destination for wealthy Ontarians, until the turn of the 20th century when a textile factory was built at the site, replacing the spa. Records from 1869 indicate a population of about 18,000 served by three newspapers, churches of all major denominations and offices of all

14274-539: Was never constructed, would have departed present-day Boler Road at Wayne Road. This area has since been developed. Prior to London's annexation of Westminster in 1993, the Westminster-section of Boler Road formed part of Middlesex County Road 26. There have been conceptual plans for a number of years to join Boler and Colonel Talbot Roads via an extension south of Southdale Road, which would join Colonel Talbot Road in

14396-522: Was once again reopened to vehicular traffic 1 December 2018. The Blackfriars, amidst the river-distance between the Carling Brewery and the historic Tecumseh Park (including a major mill), linked London with its western suburb of Petersville, named for Squire Peters of Grosvenor Lodge. That community joined with the southern subdivision of Kensington in 1874, formally incorporating as the municipality of Petersville. Although it changed its name in 1880 to

14518-449: Was renamed Broughdale in 1906 because it sounded better. In 1924, the University of Western Ontario was founded in the former Broughdale. After the founding of the university, Broughdale became more like a city and less like a village. Broughdale was incorporated as a village in 1930. In 1961, Broughdale was annexed to London. Ivor F. Goodson and Ian R. Dowbiggin have explored the battle over vocational education in London, Ontario, in

14640-410: Was the first obstacle to widening the entire road as an eastern bypass of London. Later in the year, on September   9, Minister of Highways Fred Cass announced that pre-engineering work would begin on the Highbury Avenue extension to Highway   401 the following year. A contract to build a bridge over the Thames River was awarded in November 1960. Dinsmore Construction of Windsor was awarded

14762-432: Was the result of the massive suburban growth in the south end of the city during the 1970s and 1980s. The road was built in stages to correlate with this growth. Bradley Avenue is built on its own alignment between White Oak Road and Highbury Avenue , with the remainder of the road located on former Pond View Road, which was severed by Highbury Avenue in the 1960s. In 2007, it was voted as the second worst road in Ontario in

14884-631: Was used for events such the Provincial Agricultural Fair of Canada West held in London that year. It was visited by Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn , Governor-General John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar and Prime Minister John A. Macdonald . Long before the Royal Military College of Canada was established in 1876, there were proposals for military colleges in Canada. Staffed by British Regulars, adult male students underwent three-month-long military courses from 1865 at

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