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87-543: Cologno may refer to 2 Italian municipalities in Lombardy: Cologno al Serio , in the Province of Bergamo Cologno Monzese , in the Province of Milan See also [ edit ] Cologna (disambiguation) Cologne (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with

174-504: A free commune around the early 12th century. Subsequently, it expanded into the nearby countryside, first at the expense of the local landholders, and later against the neighbouring communes, notably Bergamo and Cremona . Brescia defeated the latter twice at Pontoglio , then at the Grumore (mid-12th century) and in the battle of the Malamorte (Bad Death) (1192). In 1138, Brescia experienced

261-484: A communal revolt against the local Bishop Manfred led by radical reformer and Canons regular Arnold of Brescia . This revolt broke out due to the city's involvement in the ecclesiastical and political conflict that resulted from the 1130 papal election . This controversial election divided the College of Cardinals and caused a schism between Pope Innocent II (who had the minority vote) and Antipope Anacletus II (who had

348-531: A grain of truth, because recent archaeological excavations have unearthed remains of a settlement dating back to 1,200 BC that scholars presume to have been built and inhabited by Ligures peoples. Others scholars attribute the founding of Brescia to the Etruscans . The Gallic Cenomani , allies of the Insubres , invaded in the 7th century BC, and used the town as their capital. The city became Roman in 225 BC, when

435-444: A municipality of the thirteenth district (based on an organizational system that was based on the owners). Cologno, in this case, was declared a second-class municipality and was placed under the administration of a deputation chosen by the assembly of the owners themselves who, in turn, chose a referent who would become mayor of the place, thanks to ratification of imperial appointment. The last significant historical change related to

522-472: A partnership administration based on the alliance between the major left-wing, green and independents parties. Anyway, in the 2008 local elections the center-right coalition formed by Silvio Berlusconi's People of Freedom party and the regionalist Lega Nord won for the first time the majority in the City Council. These elections occurred the same day Berlusconi's coalition achieved an outright majority across

609-408: A period of deep political and social instability, caused by the bloody clashes between Guelphs and Ghibellines . It was during this period that the town began to acquire numerous fortifications , including a castle with a moat , designed to defend the territory that, at the centre of the aims of the contenders, was plundered at the end of the twelfth century by Frederick Barbarossa and twice by

696-561: A strategic defence against the invasions of enemy populations. The first trace of a primordial defence system of the town dates back to the year 1293. Following the conquest of the country by the Republic of Venice, the same imposed on the town the edification of the walls. Six towers were also built with bridges and secondary drawgates. Among these, the fortress located to the north was the most fortified, being originally equipped with thicker walls and two side towers to be used as base posts for

783-477: A very powerful fortification. Worthy of note is the church of Santa Maria Assunta. The church was built in 1745 and it has a Baroque facade and it has valuable works of art, including those of Gian Paolo Cavagna and Buratti. The epidemic of bubonic plague of 1630 affected several areas of the north, including the territory of the provinces of Bergamo and the territory of Cologno al Serio. The Venetian government intervened by implementing measures to contain

870-429: Is 149 metres (489 ft). The administrative comune covers a total area of 90.3 square kilometres (34.9 sq mi). Modern Brescia has a central area focused on residential and tertiary activities. Around the city proper, lies a vast urban agglomeration with over 600,000 inhabitants that expands mainly to the north, to the west and to the east, engulfing many communes in a continuous urban landscape. According to

957-629: Is a city and comune (municipality) in the region of Lombardy , in Italy . It is situated at the foot of the Alps , a few kilometers from the lakes Garda and Iseo . With a population of more than 200,000, it is the second largest city in Lombardy and the fourth largest in northwest Italy . The urban area of Brescia extends beyond the administrative city limits and has a population of 672,822, while over 1.5 million people live in its metropolitan area . The city

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1044-517: Is also the setting for most of the action in Alessandro Manzoni 's 1822 play Adelchi . The province is known for being the production area of the Franciacorta sparkling wine, as well as the main source of Italian-produced caviar . Brescia with her territory was the "European Region of Gastronomy" in 2017 and the "Italian Capital of Culture" with Bergamo in 2023. Various myths relate to

1131-519: Is believed that at least three of these were made before the actual construction of the walls, nineteenth-century parchments (conserved in the Library of Angelo Mai in Bergamo ), in fact, mention the "porta de Casatico" (in 1239), the "Contrada de Merenghello" (in 1279) and the "Porta de Anteniano" (in 1288) The four are called: The fortress is a fundamental part of the defensive structures that characterize

1218-494: Is divided in 5 boroughs called zone . Each zona is subdivided into a different number of quartieri . Here is a list of Brescia's zone and quartieri : Historical Centre North West South East The old town of Brescia (characterized, in the northeast, by a rectangular plan, with the streets that intersect at right angles, a peculiarity handed down from Roman times) has a significant artistic and archaeological heritage, consisting of various monuments ranging from

1305-412: Is moderately cold, but not harsh, with some snow, mainly occurs from December through February, but snow cover does not usually remain for long. Summer can be sultry, when humidity levels are high and peak temperatures can reach 35 °C (95 °F). Spring and autumn are generally pleasant, with temperatures ranging between 10 and 20 °C (50 and 68 °F). The relative humidity is high throughout

1392-563: Is the administrative capital of the Province of Brescia , one of the largest in Italy, with over 1,200,000 inhabitants. Founded over 3,200 years ago, Brescia (in antiquity Brixia) has been an important regional centre since pre-Roman times. Its old town contains the best-preserved Roman public buildings in northern Italy and numerous monuments, among these the medieval castle, the Old and New cathedral ,

1479-632: The Brescia explosion , the city was devastated when the Bastion of San Nazaro was struck by lightning . The resulting fire ignited 90,000 kg (90 t; 200,000 lb; 99 short tons) of gunpowder stored there, causing a massive explosion which destroyed one-sixth of the Brescia and killed 3,000 people. In 1799, during the French Revolutionary Wars , the fortress, occupied by French troops, fell to

1566-532: The Köppen climate classification , Brescia has a mid-latitude humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ). Its average annual temperature is 13.7 °C (57 °F): 18.2 °C (65 °F) during the day and 9.1 °C (48 °F) at night. The warmest months are June, July, and August, with high temperatures from 27.8 to 30.3 °C (82 to 87 °F). The coldest are December, January, and February, with low temperatures from −1.5 to 0.6 °C (29 to 33 °F). Winter

1653-512: The Milanese . It was because in the country the Guelph side was becoming increasingly consistent, which began to provide hospitality to members of the same faction fleeing from other centres. The number grew to the point of allowing Cologno to be considered one of the largest centres of the Guelph faction. These, with the help of the comrades of other cities, including Brescia and Cremona, managed to get

1740-659: The Renaissance Piazza della Loggia and the rationalist Piazza della Vittoria . The monumental archaeological area of the Roman forum and the monastic complex of San Salvatore-Santa Giulia have become a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of a group of seven inscribed as Longobards in Italy, Places of Power . Brescia is considered to be an important industrial city. Metallurgy and production of metal parts, machine tools and firearms are of particular economic significance, along with mechanical and automotive engineering. Among

1827-574: The Second World War amounted to thirty-six. In particular, fifteen of these died directly at the front, in a concentration camp in Germany, two during the siege of German soldiers and seventeen dispersed at the sea or in Russia . The historic centre of Cologno al Serio has great importance, having maintained the original structure that the village-owned in medieval times. Still intact and visible are in fact

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1914-625: The Visconti of Milan , but not even their rule was undisputed, as Pandolfo III Malatesta took possession of the city in 1406. However, in 1416 he bartered it to Filippo Maria Visconti duke of Milan, who in 1426 sold it to the Venetians. The Milanese nobles forced Filippo to resume hostilities against the Venetians, and thus to attempt the recovery of Brescia, but he was defeated in the Battle of Maclodio (1427), near Brescia, by general Carmagnola , commander of

2001-464: The contagion ; one of these was the construction of a lazaretto in the municipality territory. Initially, about one hundred people were hospitalized. A prior was also appointed to supervise the patients, supported by armed sentries, in order to prevent the sick from breaking the quarantine or the rules of visiting their loved ones. The dead were covered with clay and buried in the lazaretto itself, to avoid further spread of contagion. The lazaretto

2088-615: The 1110s) who was condemned of heresy at the Council of Sens 1141 and went on to join the Commune of Rome in 1148, which led to his execution by Frederick Barbarossa and Pope Adrian IV in 1155. During the struggles of the 12th and 13th centuries between the Lombard cities and the Holy Roman emperors, Brescia was implicated either in league with the emperors or against them. In the Battle of Legnano

2175-659: The Cenomani submitted to the Romans. During the Carthaginian Wars , 'Brixia' (as it was called then) was allied with the Romans. During a Celtic alliance against Rome the city remained faithful to the Romans. With their Roman allies the city attacked and destroyed the Insubres by surprise. Subsequently, the city and the tribe entered the Roman world peacefully as faithful allies, maintaining a certain administrative freedom. In 89 BC, Brixia

2262-556: The City Council of Brescia, which is based in Palazzo della Loggia . Voters elect directly 32 councilors and the mayor of Brescia every five years. Brescia was generally considered in the past one of the most important political bellwether in Italy. Historical stronghold of DC party, in 1994 it was the city in which was firstly experimented the newborn political center-left coalition formed by members of former PCI and DC parties against Silvio Berlusconi 's center-right coalition: that year

2349-498: The City Council. In the 2023 local elections the center-left coalition obtained again the 54% of the votes on the first round. The current mayor of Brescia is Laura Castelletti , a center-left independent , elected on 20 May 2023. She previously served as deputy mayor for 10 years between 2013 and 2023. Brescia is also the capital of its own province. The Provincial Council is seated in Palazzo Broletto . The city of Brescia

2436-498: The French armies in Italy, ordered the city to surrender; when it refused, he attacked it with around 12,000 men. The French attack took place in a pouring rain, through a field of mud; Foix ordered his men to remove their shoes for better traction. The defenders inflicted heavy casualties on the French, but were eventually overrun, suffering 8,000 – 15,000 casualties. The Gascon infantry and landsknechts then proceeded to thoroughly sack

2523-546: The Longobards occurred, of which has reached another important find, always found on the municipal territory of Cologno, consisting of a clay table (now kept in the Archeological Museum of Bergamo) engraved with the name of six inhabitants of the time. However, the first written document in which the name of the town is mentioned dates back to 843, when such Stephanus de Colonias is mentioned in an act. In these years

2610-554: The Naviglio, with the Lake Iseo to the west and the Lake Garda to the east (but it has also other important lakes like Idro and Moro ). The southern area of the city is flat, while towards the north the territory becomes hilly. The city's lowest point is 104 metres (341 ft) above sea level, the highest point is Monte Maddalena at 874 metres (2,867 ft), while the centre of the town

2697-575: The Piedmontese army invaded Austrian-controlled Lombardy, the people in Brescia overthrew the hated local Austrian administration, and the Austrian military contingent, led by General Julius Jacob von Haynau , retreated to the Castle ( Castello di Brescia  [ it ] ). When the larger military operations turned against the Piedmontese, forcing them to retreat, Brescia was left to its own resources. Still,

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2784-534: The Venetian Republic captain general. Following this appointment, which took place on 10 March 1455, he was assigned as a residence the castle of Malpaga; Colleoni was also recognized as a personal field of the territories of Romano , Martinengo , Urgnano and Cologno. With the Peace of Lodi of 9 April 1454 Cologno al Serio was recognized as an important Venetian outpost, given its strategic geographical position;

2871-479: The Venetian mercenary army. In 1439, Brescia was once more besieged by Francesco Sforza , captain of the Venetians, who defeated Niccolò Piccinino , Filippo's condottiero . Thenceforward Brescia and the province were a Venetian possession, only disrupted by the French conquest in 1512. Brescia has had a major role in the history of the violin . Many archive documents very clearly testify that from 1490 to 1640 Brescia

2958-769: The advancing allies of the Second Coalition (see Capture of Brescia ). In the Napoleonic era , Brescia was part of the various revolutionary republics and then of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy after Napoleon became Emperor of the French. After the end of the Napoleonic era in 1815, Brescia was annexed to the Austrian puppet state known as the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia . Brescia revolted in 1848 ; then again in March 1849, when

3045-437: The allocation of sentinels . Here there were also two drawbridges: one outside and one inside. The castle could hold about one hundred soldiers and was also equipped with a small prison. The moat was about ten metres wide and much deeper than it appears, having been filled as considered dangerous. In the past, moreover, there was also a second parallel outer belt, which was an additional defence element. This secondary enclosure

3132-622: The allocations of some Ligurian tribes first, and later of the Cenoman Gauls, to which the Romans took over. The new rulers gave a first urban organization to the village, which began to take on increasing importance: studies in this sense were greatly helped by findings concerning skeletons, funeral kits, vases and coins of the time of Vespasian . There was also a military road that, also used for commercial transport, passed from Cologno al Serio connecting Bergamo with Piacenza , thus increasing

3219-575: The better of their opponents and to appropriate the castle. The subsequent beginning of the lordship of the Visconti did not calm the clashes, which not only continued to disturb the life of the town but also grew due to the construction of another castle, in Liteggio, managed by the Lanzi family. The situation ended with the beginning of the Republic of Venice in 1428. Thanks to its social and cultural policy,

3306-465: The border between Venice and the Duchy of Milan , ran along the moat that divided the town from Brignano . Along this moat, then, were built the small barracks for the deployment of the soldiers on guard, being Cologno home to the Venetian corps of permanent guard consists of 16 soldiers. Some "boundary stones" were placed along this border: to the west to indicate the territories of the state of Milan, while to

3393-515: The capital of one of their semi-independent duchies. The first duke was Alachis, who died in 573. Later dukes included the future kings of the Lombards Rothari and Rodoald , and Alachis II, a fervent anti-Catholic, who was killed in battle at Cornate d'Adda in 688. The last king of the Lombards, Desiderius , also held the title Duke of Brescia. In 774, Charlemagne captured the city and ended

3480-501: The chapel into a small church dedicated to St. Gregory the Great . Outside the facade of the church was also built an atrium protected by columns . Two marble tombstones report engravings to witness the event. The Campino , as well as being a devotional place, is a municipal park also equipped with volleyball and football fields. In summer the place is animated by popular festivals . The coat of arms of Cologno al Serio, dating back to

3567-466: The citizens managed to resist recapture by the Austrian army for ten days of bloody and obstinate street fighting that are now celebrated as the Ten Days of Brescia . This prompted poet Giosuè Carducci to nickname Brescia "Leonessa d'Italia" ("Italian Lioness"), since it was the only Lombard town to rally to King Charles Albert of Piedmont (and to the cause of Italian unification ) in that year. In 1859,

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3654-424: The city walls with its moat that protected the entrance of the village. To reach the town centre of Cologno four well-preserved entrances have been built and in one of them is located the municipal seat. Even the houses and roads inside the fortification have maintained their peculiarities. During the rule of the Republic of Venice the walls , the moat and the four gates were consolidated and improving becoming

3741-671: The city was conquered by the Italian troops and Brescia was included in the newly founded Kingdom of Italy . The city was awarded a gold medal for its resistance against Fascism in World War II . On 28 May 1974, it was the seat of the bloody Piazza della Loggia bombing . Brescia is located in the northwestern section of the Po Valley , at the foot of the Brescian Prealps , between the Mella and

3828-400: The city, massacring thousands of civilians over the next five days. Following this, the city of Bergamo paid some 60,000 ducats to the French to avoid a similar fate. The French occupied Brescia until 1520, when Venetian rule resumed. Thereafter, Brescia shared the fortunes of the Venetian republic until the latter fell at the hands of French general Napoleon Bonaparte . In 1769, in

3915-405: The coat of arms of Cologno al Serio and that connects to the central tower. There are also two androns, one of which was used to trap enemies who wanted to enter the tower, while the other served as a stationary place for the guard corps. The Rocca is shaped like a semicircle that connects to the curtain places to the north at the corner towers, while the walls are made up of arches to support

4002-470: The contingent from Brescia was second in size to that of Milan . The Peace of Constance (1183) that ended the war with Frederick Barbarossa confirmed officially the free status of the comune . In 1201 the podestà Rambertino Buvalelli made peace and established a league with Cremona, Bergamo, and Mantua . Memorable also was the siege laid by the Emperor Frederick II in 1238 on account of

4089-459: The country. However, in the 2013 elections the Democratic Party achieved an outright majority across the city and the center-left coalition became again the major force in the City Council. In the 2018 local elections the center-left coalition obtained even the 54% of the votes on the first round and the Democratic Party , which obtained nearly the 35% of the votes, gained 15 seats out of 32 in

4176-471: The dominion of Milan , capital of the new Cisalpine Republic. In 1789 Bergamo and its provinces were named "Department of the Serio" which was divided into twenty-three districts, which were later reduced to seventeen. Cologno al Serio was contested by the neighbouring territories because of its geographical position: initially part of the fourteen district with Verdello, then passed to the fifteenth district, having

4263-431: The east to indicate those of the state of Veneto. On November 13, 1454, the representatives of Cologno were called to swear allegiance to the Venetian Republic. At the dead of Bartolomeo Colleoni, on 15 December 1475, the Republic of Venice established that the territories of its feud with fortifications, including Cologno, returned full dominion of Venice. Although the Venetian Republic had asked to become independent from

4350-668: The enemy was forced to retreat as far as Verona . In 402, the city was ravaged by the Visigoths of Alaric I . During the 452 invasion of the Huns under Attila , the city was besieged and sacked. Forty years later, it was one of the first conquests by the Gothic general Theoderic the Great in his war against Odoacer . In 568 (or 569), Brescia was taken from the Byzantines by the Lombards , who made it

4437-469: The following municipalities: Brignano Gera d'Adda , Ghisalba , Martinengo , Morengo , Romano di Lombardia , Spirano , Urgnano . The first human settlements in the area date back to about four thousand years ago, in the Bronze Age , as evidenced by the discovery of skeletons and tools: these make Cologno al Serio one of the oldest archaeological sites in the province of Bergamo . The later eras saw

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4524-603: The foreign-born residents represented 12% of the total population. The largest immigrant group comes from other European nations (mostly Romania , Ukraine , Moldova and Albania ), the others from South Asia (mostly India and Pakistan ) and North Africa. The city is predominantly Roman Catholic , but due to immigration now has some Orthodox Christian , Sikh and Muslim followers. In 2006 there were about 1,000 people of Pakistani origins living in Brescia. Foreign residents as of 2018 Since local government political reorganization in 1993, Brescia has been governed by

4611-443: The fortress of Cologno, began to wave the flag of San Marco The peace with Ferrara, however, did not last long; in the following years, in fact, Cologno was at the centre of infighting among numerous "condottieri di ventura". One of the most famous was Bartolomeo Colleoni from Bergamo, a native of Solza . Thanks to his military capabilities, he succeeded, during the years and through countless factional changes, to be appointed by

4698-537: The founding of Brescia: one assigns it to Hercules , while another attributes its foundation as Altilia ("the other Ilium") by a fugitive from the siege of Troy . According to another myth, the founder was the king of the Ligures , Cidnus , who had invaded the Padan Plain in the late Bronze Age . Colle Cidneo (Cidnus's Hill) was named after that version, and it is the site of the medieval castle. This myth seems to have

4785-433: The growth of the commune and the local nobility. The revolt began around 1135 and was manageable at first, but by 1138 Manfred was forced to seek papal support and left for Rome. Arnold is believed to have joined the revolt around this time, as contemporary historian John of Salisbury records that Arnold only 'so swayed the minds of the citizens that they would scarcely open their gates to the bishop on his return.' Manfred

4872-463: The hands of Ezzelino da Romano . In 1311 Emperor Henry VII laid siege to Brescia for six months, losing three-fourths of his army. Later the Scaliger of Verona, aided by the exiled Ghibellines, sought to place Brescia under subjugation. The citizens of Brescia then had recourse to John of Luxemburg , but Mastino II della Scala expelled the governor appointed by him. His mastery was soon contested by

4959-558: The history of the municipality occurred in 1859 when Cologno al Serio, together with the rest of the province of Bergamo, became part of the Kingdom of Italy. In the twentieth century, Cologno was involved in the historical events of this turbulent century, including the First and Second World Wars. Many youngs of Cologno took part in the conflict. The First World War losses of the inhabitants of Cologno amounted to seventy-two deaths, while those of

5046-476: The last secretary of DC and former minister, Mino Martinazzoli , run as mayor with the support of the leftist PDS and won the election defeating the Forza Italia - Lega Nord bloc candidate, endorsed by Berlusconi. This experience is considered even today one of the bases of Romano Prodi 's The Olive Tree political coalition. Since then to 2008 the center-left coalition held the largest number of seats with

5133-518: The lazaret followed precise health rules; for example, it was forbidden to expose the sick to the wind from the West because, at the time, it was believed that it was harmful and putrid. Before the spread of the disease and the opening of the lazaretto, the Campino was an uncultivated field in which there was a small chapel . At the end of the plague, the people from Cologno, as a sign of thanksgiving, converted

5220-402: The major companies based in the Brescia metro area there are utility company A2A , automotive manufacturer OMR, steel producers Lucchini and Alfa Acciai, machine tools producers Camozzi and Lonati, firearms manufacturers Fausti, Beretta and Perazzi , gas equipment manufacturers Sabaf and Cavagna, etc. Brescia is home to the prestigious Mille Miglia classic car race that starts and ends in

5307-449: The majority vote). During the early 1130s, when Anacletus had power over Brescia, he appointed Bishop Villanus to the diocese, but in 1132 Innocent regained control and installed Manfred. Despite Manfred supporting the reformed clergy, which Brescia had historical supported with its proximity to Milan and the Pataria reform movement in the 11th century, Manfred was cast out as he clashed with

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5394-428: The municipality of Cologno al Serio and representing 11.3% of the resident population. The most represented nationalities are: Source: Cologno al Serio is twinned with: Brescia Brescia ( Italian: [ˈbreʃʃa] , locally Italian: [ˈbreːʃa] ; Lombard : Brèsa , Lombard: [ˈbrɛsɑ, ˈbrɛhɑ, ˈbrɛsa, ˈbrɛha] ; Latin : Brixia ; Venetian : Bressa )

5481-529: The nearby town of Romano di Lombardia as capital. The Cisalpine Republic, as well as the Cispadane Republic, had a short life and fell apart in 1799. In 1815, the Austrians who established the Kingdom of Lombardy-Veneto and Milan, as well as its subordinate territories, passed into their hands. Bergamo was once again divided into eighteen districts and Cologno was made a subordinate to Verdello , becoming

5568-443: The new war needs of the time. For example, a north curtain and a hexagonal flanking tower were added, always to the north. The fortress was built with river pebbles and bricks, arranged in a fishbone form. The escarpment of the curtains, built using bricks, departs from the rest of the fortification, to suggest that it had been added later to further improve the defence. The fortress is accessed through an arched portal that presents

5655-455: The outpost of Bergamo and to be subjected directly to Venice, the Venetian Republic did not accept the request. Cologno was in fact the only fortified town able to protect Bergamo to the south. For this reason, on 7 August 1484, the Captain of Bergamo sent his representative to Cologno and take possession of it, leaving the lieutenant Bergando Viti In the following years, Cologno, as a border town,

5742-567: The part taken by Brescia in the Battle of Cortenova (1237). Brescia came through this assault victorious. After the fall of the Hohenstaufen , republican institutions declined in Brescia as in the other free cities and the leadership was contested between powerful families, chief among them the Maggi and the Brusati, the latter of the (pro-imperial, anti-papal) Ghibelline party. In 1258 the city fell into

5829-454: The population compared to pensioners who number 24.6%. This compares with the Italian average of 16.5% (minors) and 22% (pensioners). In the four years between 2011 and 2015, the population of Brescia grew by 3.9%, while Italy as a whole grew by 2.1%. The current birth rate of Brescia is 7.9 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 8 births. Brescia is one of the most cosmopolitan and multicultural cities in Italy. In 2018,

5916-409: The population was able to live a more peaceful life. Through the Peace of Ferrara of 1428, in fact, Cologno al Serio was assigned to the Republic of Venice. The government of the Serenissima certified this annexation with a document written in Latin dated 11 July, known as the "acceptance of dedication". On July 13, Venice confirmed the statutes and regulations of the municipality: from that moment on, on

6003-399: The possibilities of exchange of the inhabitants. Also, the toponym originates in this historical period and would find an explanation in Colonius , owner and inhabitant of these lands. Other hypotheses, however, would like to derive the name of the village from the term Colonus , given the agricultural vocation of the village already in the past. During the sixth century the arrival of

6090-414: The presence of the Lombard kingdom in northern Italy. Notingus was the first (prince-)bishop (in 844) who bore the title of count (see Bishopric of Brescia ). From 855 to 875, under Louis II the Younger , Brescia became de facto capital of the Holy Roman Empire . Later the power of the bishop as imperial representative was gradually opposed by the local citizens and nobles, resulting in Brescia becoming

6177-402: The previous centuries were characterized by a succession of conflicts, from the beginnings of the seventeenth century there was a period of relative serenity for the citizens of Cologno, which will last until the end of the seventeenth century. However, this peace was disturbed in 1630 by the pandemic of the bubonic plague , which, brought by the Milanese Lanzichenecchi soldiers, also spread in

6264-478: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cologno&oldid=637182604 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Cologno al Serio Cologno al Serio borders

6351-592: The territory of Bergamo. In May 30 deaths in Cologno were recorded. The spread of the disease led to the opening of a Lazaretto in the locality known as Campino . The end of the Venetian occupation occurred in 1797 with the advent of the Cispadana Republic and, subsequently, from the constitution of the Cisalpine Republic. In March 1797, in fact, Bergamo and its provinces met under the Cispadane Republic for

6438-586: The town grew in importance thanks to the presence of an ancient Roman road, renamed "Francesca road", restores by the Franks , from which it took the name. This was also used to transport the body of Louis II of Italy , son of Lothair I , from Brescia to Milan . The subsequent development of feudalism , favoured by the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire , marked a new era for the village of Cologno al Serio. Initially assigned to Otto III to Ulrich , he later saw

6525-426: The town of Cologno al Serio; only a part of the fortress, dating back to the sixteenth century, can be observed. Will the technological development in the field of war (such for example, gunpowder ), in fact, the already precarious walls were not sufficient to contain any warfare enemy. It was therefore decided to modify the defensive structure of the fortress and, in general, of the entire fortification, adapting it to

6612-406: The town. In the arts, it was nicknamed Leonessa d'Italia ("The Lioness of Italy") by Gabriele d'Annunzio , who selected Gardone Riviera (nearby on the shores of Garda Lake ) as his final residence. The estate he built (largely thanks to state-sponsored funding), il Vittoriale , is now a public institution devoted to the arts; a museum dedicated to him is hosted in his former residence. Brescia

6699-534: The twelfth-thirteenth century, represents a column surmounted by a crown . The column of the coat of arms recalls the name of the village and was, therefore, taken to the symbol of the same. Also the current banner of Cologno al Serio, white and yellow, has medieval origins. Both the ancient coat of arms and the modern banner have been approved with a Decree of the President of the Republic on 16 April 1976. As of December 31, 2019, there are 1260 foreigners residing in

6786-426: The vertical wall and the battlements. In the middle of the fortress, moreover, there was an additional tower with a drawbridge that opened on an independent moat. The castle of Liteggio, of medieval origins, is located in the homonymous locality on the edge of the town and it was built in the fifteenth century by the Visconti . There are still visible parts of the embattled masonry and the moat, details that made it

6873-552: The will of the French domination, which had managed to penetrate the Italian territory even if this created numerous discontent and failed attempts of the rebellion. The monuments that recalled the Venetian domination were demolished throughout the territory of Bergamo, the same happened in Cologno. After few months, however, Napoleon Bonaparte on 30 June 1797 declared the end of the Cispadane republic and its territories of Bergamo came under

6960-669: The word violin appeared in Brescian documents and spread in later decades throughout north of Italy, reaching Venezia and Cremona. Early in the 16th century, Brescia was one of the wealthiest cities of Lombardy, but it never recovered from its sack by the French in 1512. The "Sack of Brescia" took place on 18 February 1512, during the War of the League of Cambrai . The city of Brescia had revolted against French control, garrisoning itself with Venetian troops. Gaston de Foix , recently arrived to command

7047-525: The year, especially in winter when it causes fog, mainly from dusk until late morning, although the phenomenon has become increasingly less frequent in recent years. Precipitation is spread evenly throughout the year. The driest month is December, with precipitation of 54.6 mm (2.15 in), while the wettest month is May, with 104.9 mm (4.13 in) of rain. In 2015, there were 196,480 people residing in Brescia, of whom 47.1% were male and 52.9% were female. Minors (children aged 0–17) totalled 16% of

7134-409: Was built in a rural area near the river Serio , commonly known as "Campino". The choice of this place was dictated by epidemiological reasons: this location, in fact, is about 3.5 kilometres from the town, a distance such as to avoid contact between infected and healthy people but, at the same time, sufficiently small to allow smooth and rapid transport of patients. The accommodation of the sick within

7221-534: Was recognized as civitas ("city"), and in 41 BC, 58 years later, its inhabitants finally received Roman citizenship. Augustus founded a civil (not military) colony there in 27 BC, and he and Tiberius constructed an aqueduct to supply it. Roman Brixia had at least three temples, an aqueduct, a theatre, a forum with another temple built under Vespasianus , and some baths. When Constantine advanced against Maxentius in AD 312, an engagement took place at Brixia in which

7308-408: Was the centre of clashes disputes inherent in the Lombard territory; suffered sieges, experienced countless political changes as well as the invasions of French, Spanish, German and Milanese troops. This situation of political, military and social chaos will last for centuries, until the seventeenth century. From the seventeenth century a new phase began for the municipality of Cologno al Serio. While

7395-476: Was the cradle of a magnificent school of string players and makers, all styled "maestro", of all the different kinds of stringed instruments of the Renaissance: viola da gamba (viols); violone ; lyra ; lyrone ; violetta ; and viola da brazzo . So you can find from 1495 "maestro delle viole" or "maestro delle lire" and later, at least from 1558, "maestro di far violini" that is master of violin making. From 1530

7482-405: Was then demolished at the beginning of the nineteenth century to make space for small vegetable gardens and the construction of additional buildings Although the walls, the moat and the gates have been modified several times over the centuries, the traces of the original medieval buildings are still visible. Along the walls, there are also four gates positioned at the cardinal points. However, it

7569-594: Was therefore forced to return to Rome and was likely witness to the Second Council of the Lateran in 1139, after which he obtained Pope Innocent's support and had Arnold exiled from Italy. Arnold's home was Brescia, but he would never return to the city; instead he developed his reform ideology while in exile and continued to dissent against the Church. He worked with intellectual Peter Abelard (who he potentially studied under in

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