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61-551: Rachel Carson College was founded in 1972 as College Eight at the current location of the Kerr Hall lecture building. Before it moved to its present location in 1990, College Eight was the only UCSC college that did not have its own on-campus housing; residential students were then housed at the Porter College residence halls. At the time, its focus was on transfer students , who are usually less likely to live on campus than students on

122-503: A central role in the film. Various documentary films have been produced around the programme, notably the Italian documentary Erasmus 24 7 or Erasmus, notre plus belle année (2017). The self-finding experiences of “Erasmus” students in France form the basis for Davide Faraldi's first novel Generazione Erasmus (2008). In David Mitchell 's 1997 novel Slade House , an “Erasmus” party

183-574: A goal to increase the budget for EU exchange programmes like Erasmus or the European Voluntary Service starting in 2014. It ultimately collected only 71,057 signatures from citizens across the EU out of 1 million signatures needed by 1 November 2013. Erasmus+ also called Erasmus Plus, has been the new 14.7 billion euro catch-all framework programme for education, training, youth and sport from 2014 to 2020. The Erasmus+ programme combined all

244-713: A number of other independent programmes, was incorporated into the Socrates programme established by the European Commission in 1994. The Socrates programme ended on 31 December 1999 and was replaced with the Socrates II programme on 24 January 2000, which in turn was replaced by the Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 on 1 January 2007. Beside the more popular student mobility (SMS), the Erasmus+ programme promotes

305-468: A program of study, aspiring to complete a college level credential. The assessment of prior learning and the articulation of credit offered to a prospective student varies based upon institutional practices and the enforcement of government policies enacted through legislative or negotiated rules. College transfer also describes the general institutional support services including the academic, enrollment and advising required to help steer students through

366-424: A series of significant events documented on the official European Commission programme page: In 1969, the concept of promoting cultural, social, and academic exchanges among European students took root, thanks to the efforts of Italian educator and scientific consultant Sofia Corradi for the permanent conference of Italian university rectors. Her role allowed her to raise awareness about this idea and make it known in

427-531: A time for learning as well as a chance to socialize and experience a different culture, not to mention self-discovery. In this respect, and thanks to its popularity among students, it has emerged as a contemporary cultural phenomenon, inspiring books and films that explore the Erasmus experience. Most of the characters in the French-Spanish film L'Auberge espagnole (2002) are enrolled in the programme, which plays

488-649: A traditional four-year course. On September 15, 2016, it was announced that the former College Eight would be named Rachel Carson College, with the help of an endowment from the Helen and Will Webster Foundation. Rachel Carson College's freshman core class, Environment and Society , "examines education, identity, nature, community, livelihood, and livability at local and national levels as contemporary global transformations affect them." (All Rachel Carson College freshmen must take it, but transfer students are exempt if they have more than 45 credits.) The course has been expanded to

549-450: A valued source of 'soft power' and diplomatic value for participating countries. External evaluations and a multitude of personal stories abound from successive generations of participants to confirm the extent to which their “Erasmus experience” provided them not only with enhanced knowledge and competence in their respective fields, but also with a transformative, life-enhancing dimension both in personal terms and for their careers. This

610-406: A valued source of 'soft power' and diplomatic value for participating countries. There are currently more than 4,000 higher institutions participating in Erasmus across the 37 countries. In 2012–13, 270,000 took part, the most popular destinations being Spain, Germany, Italy and France. Erasmus students represented 5 percent of European graduates as of 2012. Studies have discussed issues related to

671-538: A wide range of actions including the opportunity for students to undertake work placements abroad and for teachers and education staff to attend training courses. Projects are divided into two parts – formal and non-formal education – each of them with three key actions. Erasmus+ key action one provides a unique opportunity for teachers, headmasters, trainers and other staff of education institutions to participate in international training courses in different European countries. The staff home institution must apply to receive

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732-651: A year compared with only 3,244 in 1987. Spain is the country that has allowed most people to participate in Erasmus with more than 40,000 per year, slightly ahead of France , Germany and Italy . The countries receiving the most Erasmus students are Spain with more than 47,000 students and then Germany with 32,800. Erasmus has positively impacted higher education, bringing educational, social, cultural, and economic benefits to institutions. It professionalizes international cooperation, strengthens academic ties, fosters research collaborations, and forms informal networks, creating friendships across borders. The programme has become

793-599: A year, the first quarter being an overview of environmental issues with an emphasis on social sciences and environmental justice , the second providing a strong grounding in biological and atmospheric issues (along with empirical and quantitative methods), and the final course emphasizes creative hands-on solutions, particularly in terms of energy issues. These provide the foundation for a new social entrepreneur initiative. 36°59′28″N 122°03′54″W  /  36.99117°N 122.06497°W  / 36.99117; -122.06497 Transfer student College transfer

854-422: Is called a Student Mobility for Studies or SMS , while the latter case is called a Student Mobility of Placement or SMP . The Erasmus Programme guarantees that the period spent abroad is recognised by their university when they come back, as long as they abide by terms previously agreed. Switzerland has been suspended as a participant in the Erasmus programme as of 2015, following the popular vote to limit

915-505: Is higher among university teachers, where Erasmus teacher mobility is 1.9% of the teacher population in Europe , or 20,877 people. From 1987 to 2006, over two million students benefited from Erasmus grants, and the European Commission aimed to reach a total of 3 million by 2012. In 2004 Erasmus Programme was awarded the Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation . After 2007,

976-525: Is no threat to the ERASMUS scheme." The UK deciding to utilise the funds it would have paid into Erasmus+ to create the Turing scheme , allowing 40,000 students p.a., from age 4 to University age, to gain experience overseas, without being limited to European destinations. On 30 May 2018, the European Commission adopted its proposal for the next Erasmus programme, with a doubling of the budget to 30 billion euros for

1037-487: Is now referred to as Erasmus+ , or Erasmus Plus, combining the EU's different schemes for transnational cooperation and mobility in education, training, youth and sport in Europe and beyond. The 'Erasmus+' programme concluded its first funding cycle from 2014 to 2020 and is now in its second cycle, spanning from 2021 to 2027. Noted for its participation among staff, students, young people, and learners across age groups, as of 2021,

1098-516: Is positive correlation between the programme and pro-European integration. According to the former European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Youth and Sport , Tibor Navracsics , Erasmus programme is a soft power tool and it reflects the political motivation behind its creation, including the task of legitimising the European institutions. This conception has already presented in the project of Sofia Corradi , an Italian educationalist creator of

1159-469: Is the anticipated movement students consider between education providers and the related institutional processes supporting those secondary and post-secondary learners who actually do move with completed coursework or training that may be applicable to a degree pathway and published requirements. Student movements between different education providers spanning secondary and post-secondary institutions of higher education are varied. College transfer covers

1220-497: Is the scene for an important experience for fresher student Sally Timms. Pakistani novelist Nimra Ahmed 's novel Jannat K Patte ( Leaves of Heaven ) is based on the Erasmus programme, where the protagonist Haya goes to Sabancı University Turkey through Erasmus Mundus , which marks a turning point in her life. In the novel Normal People (2020) and its subsequent adaptation by Irish author Sally Rooney and its subsequent adaptation for television, Marianne goes to Sweden via

1281-410: Is true of all parts of the programme forming the present “Erasmus+”, though most data is available for higher education. For many higher education students, the "Erasmus" Programme is their first time living and studying in another country. Alongside academic study or practical training, the programme fosters learning and understanding of the host country, and the “Erasmus” experience is considered both

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1342-484: The Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 replaced the Socrates programme as the overall umbrella under which the Erasmus (and other) programmes operated. The Erasmus Mundus programme is a parallel programme oriented towards globalising European education and is open to non-Europeans with Europeans being exceptional cases. In May 2012, Fraternité 2020 was registered as Europe's first European Citizens' Initiative and

1403-813: The Christian humanists". Erasmus, along with his good friend Thomas More , became one of the main figures of European intellectual life during the Renaissance. Known for his satire, Erasmus urged internal reform of the Catholic Church. He encouraged a recovery of the Catholic Patristic tradition against what he considered to be contemporary abuses of the Sacraments and certain excessive devotional practices. He famously clashed with Protestant revolutionary Martin Luther on

1464-530: The EU's schemes for education, training, youth and sport, including the Lifelong Learning Programme (Erasmus, Leonardo da Vinci , Comenius, Grundtvig), Youth in Action and five international co-operation programmes (Erasmus Mundus, Tempus, Alfa, Edulink and the programme for co-operation with industrialised countries). The Erasmus+ regulation was signed on 11 December 2013. Erasmus+ provided grants for

1525-534: The EU’s future challenges and opportunities. Full information on the current profile and the activities for which funding within the programme is available, can be found in the Erasmus+ Programme Guide . Launched in 1987, the "Erasmus" programme was originally established to promote closer cooperation between universities and higher education institutions across Europe. Over time, the programme has expanded and

1586-658: The Erasmus Bureau invited 32 former Erasmus students for an evaluation meeting in Ghent , Belgium . The lack of peer-to-peer support was singled out as a major issue, but it was also a driving force behind the creation of the Erasmus Student Network . The organization supports students from Erasmus programme and other bilateral agreement and cooperates with national agencies in order to help international students. As of 23 July 2020,

1647-501: The Erasmus Programme. She gives a particular attention to the need to activate an exchange between young people from all over Europe to contribute to the strengthening of its unity and integrity. One issue discussed is whether participation in the Erasmus programma helps generate more European solidarity . A study carried out by the European Commission in 2010, shows that participating to Erasmus strengthens tolerance. Another issue

1708-494: The Erasmus Student Network consists of 534 local associations ("sections") in 42 countries and has more than 15,000 volunteers across Europe. As of 2014, 27 years after its creation, the programme has promoted the mobility of more than 3.3 million students within the European community. More than 5,000 higher education institutions from 38 countries are participating in the project. The Erasmus Programme, together with

1769-805: The European Commission-supported accommodation network, CasaSwap, FlatClub, Erasmusinn, Eurasmus , Erasmate or Student Mundial, which are free websites where students and young people can rent, sublet, offer and swap accommodation – on a national and international basis. A derived benefit is that students can share knowledge and exchange tips and hints with each other before and after going abroad. Erasmus has positively impacted higher education, bringing educational, social, cultural, and economic benefits to institutions. It professionalises international cooperation, strengthens academic ties, fosters research collaborations, and forms informal networks, creating friendships across borders. The programme has become

1830-693: The GAO in a report to Congress in October 2005. Student mobility is not just in the United States. By mid-2010, 2.2 million students will have experienced what it means to do an ERASMUS term in one of more than 4,000 higher education institutions in 33 participating countries. These include all the EU Member States as well as Iceland , Liechtenstein , Norway , Turkey , Switzerland and North Macedonia . The Erasmus Programme (European Community Action Scheme for

1891-595: The Mobility of University Students), a.k.a. Erasmus Project is a European Union (EU) student exchange programme established in 1987. It forms a major part of the EU Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013, and is the operational framework for the European Commission 's initiatives in higher education. Typically, the application deadline is March 1, and undergraduate institutions will often respond to

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1952-460: The United States who completed undergraduate degrees had attended two or more institutions prior to graduation . In the United States, roughly 2.5 million students explore college transfer which may involve re-entry from the workforce as students stop and start along their degree pathway. Student mobility spans institutions and regions, differing policies and practices often extending college degree completion by an average of one semester according to

2013-535: The academic and institutional spheres. The project was born after an initiative of the EGEE student association (now AEGEE ) founded by Franck Biancheri (who later became president of the trans-European movement Newropeans) which in 1986–1987 convinced French president François Mitterrand to support the creation of the Erasmus programme. This active collaboration between AEGEE and the European Commission and especially Domenico Lenarduzzi, Ministry of Public Education, allowed

2074-409: The applicants within a few months at a time later than normal freshman college acceptances. The Common Application questions focus on the student's motivation to switch to a different university, in addition to college specific questions, rather than emphasizing high school senior's personal statements. Although this decision is incredibly important, the time between receiving acceptances and notifying

2135-515: The approval of the Erasmus programme in 1987. It became an integral part of the Socrates I (1994–1999) and Socrates II (2000–2006) programmes. From 2007 it became one of the elements of the Lifelong Learning Programme (2007–2013). In June 1984, the European Council decided in Fontainebleau to establish an ad-hoc European citizens' committee with the mission to make proposals in order to improve

2196-504: The complexity of changing institutions or programs of study and to help them understand the impact on requirements for degree completion. College transfer not only spans educational providers and their academic policies, it defines the new normal for the majority of students enrolled in higher education across many countries. According to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), in 2005 nearly 60% of college graduates in

2257-455: The development of international partnerships following the priorities of the Programme, such as inclusion and diversity, digital transformation, environment and climate change or participation in democratic life. Students who join the Erasmus Programme study at least three months or do an internship for a period of at least 2 months to an academic year in another European country. The former case

2318-418: The exploratory effort, self-assessment and enrollment steps students take considering their prior learning credentials - which could include coursework grades, credit recommendations or exams reflecting their prior leaning investment and efforts. The application, applicability and articulation of prior course credits from one college or university to another culminates in a student's transfer and enrollment in

2379-455: The fields of education, professional education, youth and sport. In all these sectors, the aim is to provide support, through life-long learning, for the educational, professional and personal development of participants in Europe and beyond. The programme's objective is pursued through three key actions: Other activities include “Jean Monnet” actions, which support teaching, learning, research and debates on European integration matters, e.g. on

2440-450: The forum into six languages – French , English , German , Italian , Spanish and Polish . Some academics have speculated that former Erasmus students will prove to be a powerful force in creating a pan-European identity . In 2005, the political scientist Stefan Wolff , for example, has argued that "Give it 15, 20 or 25 years, and Europe will be run by leaders with a completely different socialisation from those of today", referring to

2501-667: The grant to send its staff members abroad for training. Erasmus+ conducted projects in Central Asia's Kazakhstan, funding 40 projects involving 47 Kazach universities with more than 35.5 million euros. With Brexit , the UK government decision not to participate in Erasmus+ meant UK students (9,993 in 2018) lost access to the Erasmus programme and EU students (29,797 in 2018) lost access to UK universities, despite some Conservatives such as Suella Braverman having benefitted from it and promises made by then-Prime Minister Boris Johnson that "There

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2562-558: The image of the European Union. Each council member would select a member and together they should present a set of proposals to be approved at a future European Council. Under the chairmanship of Pietro Adonnino, the committee presented two successive reports that were approved at the Council session in Milano on the 28–29 of June 1985. Under the proposals that were advanced in these reports was

2623-606: The immigration of EU citizens into Switzerland. As a consequence, Swiss students will not be able to apply for the programme and European students will not be able to spend time at a Swiss university under that programme. A main part of the programme is that students do not pay extra tuition fees to the university that they visit. Students can also apply for an Erasmus grant to help cover the additional expense of living abroad. Students with disabilities can apply for an additional grant to cover extraordinary expenses. In order to reduce expenses and increase mobility, many students also use

2684-467: The inadequacy of the triennial budget proposed by some member states. This method of voting, a simple majority, was not accepted by some of the opposing member states, who challenged the adoption of the decision before the European Court of Justice . Although the court held that the adoption was procedurally flawed, it maintained the substance of the decision; a further decision, adapted in the light of

2745-426: The institutions of one's plans is very slim. ERASMUS The Erasmus Programme (" E u R opean Community A ction S cheme for the M obility of U niversity S tudents") is a European Union (EU) student exchange programme established in 1987. Erasmus+ , or Erasmus Plus, is the new programme combining all the EU's current schemes for education, training, youth and sport, the most recent programme covering

2806-479: The jurisprudence, was rapidly adopted by the Council of Ministers . The programme built on the 1981–1986 pilot student exchanges, and although it was formally adopted only shortly before the beginning of the academic year 1987–1988, it was still possible for 3,244 students to participate in Erasmus in its first year. In 2006, over 150,000 students, or almost 1% of the European student population, took part. The proportion

2867-483: The original Erasmus Programme in early 1986, but reaction from the then member states varied: those with substantial exchange programmes of their own (essentially France, Germany and the United Kingdom) were broadly hostile ; the remaining countries were broadly in favour. Exchanges between the member states and the European Commission deteriorated, and the latter withdrew the proposal in early 1987 to protest against

2928-482: The period 2021–2027. Further negotiations were expected to take place during the 2019–2024 European parliamentary term with the European Parliament and the European Council before the final programme is adopted. The agreement between the European Parliament and the European Council was adopted and the publication of the new regulation 2021/817 establishing the new Erasmus+ programme was made on 28 May 2021. For

2989-426: The primary predictor of participation to Erasmus was students' prior academic records, not the occupation of their parents. The Erasmus Programme had previously been restricted to applicants who had completed at least one year of tertiary-level study, but it is now also available to secondary school students. Indeed, non-formal education programmes for adults, can expand opportunities for its students and staff through

3050-440: The programme has engaged over 13 million participants. The origins of its name refers to Erasmus of Rotterdam a leading scholar and inspiring lecturer during the Renaissance period who travelled extensively in Europe to teach and study at a number of universities. But at the same time, the word “Erasmus” also served as the acronym for " E u R opean Community A ction S cheme for the M obility of U niversity S tudents". In 1989,

3111-412: The programme. Another study uncovered what seems to be an adverse self-selection of Erasmus students based on their prior academic performance, with higher-performing students less likely to participate than lower-performing ones. However, this case was based on a number of four hundred graduates in a Spanish university only. Inversely, one study looking in details at French and Italian students found that

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3172-485: The programme’s management, direction and evaluation lies with the European Commission (Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture), assisted by its Education, Audio-visual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA). The objective of “ Erasmus+ ” is to promote transnational learning mobility and cooperation between organisations and policy-makers, as a means of improving quality and excellence, supporting inclusion and equity, and boosting creativity and innovation in

3233-538: The quality of online education in Europe which has grown considerably in the aftermath of the Covid 19 pandemic. Further transversal priorities for the programme are the commitment to social inclusion and diversity, and to promoting stronger participation in democratic life, common values and civic engagement. Nearly 14 million people have participated in the Erasmus programme since its creation. The number of young participants has increased significantly since 1987. Nearly 300,000

3294-410: The second phase of the programme, the EU has made the commitment to expand “Erasmus+” further and to enrich it by introducing a new ´greening´ dimension as well as a strong new digital education component. The new greening dimension is designed to contribute to combating climate change and addressing other global challenges including health, while the digital education strand seeks in particular to improve

3355-472: The selection into the programme and the representativeness of the participants. Some studies have raised doubts about the inclusiveness of the programme, by socio-economic background, level of study, or academic performance. Thus, one study analyses the financial issues and family background of Erasmus students, showing that despite the fact that access to the programme has been moderately widened, there are still important socio-economic barriers to participation in

3416-475: The so-called 'Erasmus generation'. This term describes young Europeans who participate in Erasmus programme and are assumed to support European integration more actively when compared with their elder generations. The assumption is that young Europeans, who enjoyed the benefits of European integration, think of themselves as European citizens, and therefore create a base of support for further European integration. However, questions are raised about whether there

3477-536: The subject of free will. ERASMUS is a backronym meaning European Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students . Erasmus travelled widely across Europe and he was a pioneer of the European Republic of Letters . He was one of the first intellectuals to use as a vehicle of diffusion of his ideas a path-breaking technology, namely the movable type and spent a lot of his time inside printing workshops. The programme's origins can be traced through

3538-557: The suggestion (to be found in the second report from number 5.6: University Cooperation) that the ministers for education and universities and higher-education establishments These suggestions were advanced by the Belgian member Prosper Thuysbaert and were discussed and approved by the committee. By the time the Erasmus Programme was adopted in June 1987, the European Commission had been supporting pilot student exchanges for six years. It proposed

3599-496: The teacher mobility (STA), by which university teachers can spend a short period, for a minimum of 2 teaching days and a maximum of 2 months, teaching at least 8 hours in a foreign partner university. The average and suggested stay is of 5 teaching days. The programme is named after the Dutch philosopher, theologian, Renaissance Humanist , monk , and devout Roman Catholic , Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam , called "the crowning glory of

3660-464: The years 2021-27. Erasmus+ is the EU 's programme to support education, training, youth and sport in Europe. The programme involves the 27 EU Member States and 6 non-EU associated countries with 55 National Agencies responsible for the decentralized management of most of the programme's actions. Other countries across the world may also participate in certain parts of the programme. The overall responsibility for

3721-515: The “Erasmus” programme. The online public forum Cafébabel was founded in 2001 by Erasmus exchange programme students, and is headquartered in Paris . The forum is based on the principle of participatory journalism. As of June 2020 it had over 15,000 contributors as well as a team of professional editors and journalists in Paris, Brussels, Rome, Madrid and Berlin. Volunteer contributors simultaneously translate

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