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24-531: The town is named after the hundreds of coffee trees which grew from beans either scattered by a shipwreck or by plunderers. A holiday resort in Tembuland is located 80 km south-east of Viedgesville . It can be reached via a turn-off from the N2 highway. The Mthatha River 's mouth is near Coffee Bay. One of the arguments is that the town was named Coffee Bay in 1893 after a shipwreck lost its cargo of coffee beans near

48-542: A conflict with the British and their Gcaleka enemies. If these conditions were incorporated into law, together with respect for the traditional authority of the chiefs, then they would request incorporation. The Cape government agreed to these terms and signed them into law with the Tembuland Annexation Act (1876) , creating the magisterial districts of Xalanga, St. Marks, Elliot and Engcobo. Additional stipulations of

72-501: A related people who lived on the east bank of the Bashee River , in what was later the district of Elliotdale. In colonial times it was defined as consisting of the districts of Emjanyana , Engcobo , Mqanduli , Umtata , St Marks , Southeyville and Xalanga . The hunter-gatherer San and Khoikhoi people inhabited the region in scattered nomadic groups from c. 30,000 BCE. In the 16th century, iron-working Xhosa people entered

96-484: A relatively inclusive system of multi-racial franchise - whereby qualifications for suffrage applied equally to all male residents, regardless of race. Its laws also forbade any white settlement in traditional "Native territory". The Cape was therefore viewed by Ngangelizwe and his ministers as a satisfactory entity to merge with. Ngangelizwe however, was a highly controversial leader in the Xhosa-speaking community. He

120-481: Is one of the aspects that draw tourists to the area. At the same time, the Eastern Cape Department of Social Development identified challenges that include high unemployment rates, malnutrition , housing shortages, infrastructure backlogs, low levels of health facilities, low levels of education, HIV and environmental degradation . The communities’ lives are dominated by poverty and ill-health, and most of

144-559: The "homeland" of the Xhosa people. The current Thembu king is King Buyelekhaya Dalindyebo , son of Sabata Jonguhlanga Dalindyebo , and his praise name is Zwelibanzi . The King caused controversy in 2009, by calling for secession from South Africa, as a response to a criminal case against him. In December 2009 King Buyelekhaya was convicted of offences including culpable homicide , kidnapping , arson and assault . In response he proposed secession from South Africa and later demanded that

168-529: The 1876 act were that the Thembu traditional government system was to get full government recognition; Thembu King, Chiefs and Subchiefs were to earn government salaries; normal taxation would only begin in 1878; the boundaries of Thembuland were final and were not to be altered in any way; and that the sale of alcohol be prohibited to Thembu subjects. The resignation of the controversial Thembu King Ngangelizwe, in favour of his successor, had initially been demanded by

192-538: The Cape Colony, who, in this capacity, fought several victorious campaigns against their Gcaleka and Mpondo enemies. According to the original laws of the Cape Colony, as well as the terms of the Annexation Act, Europeans were prohibited from owning land in the Thembu territories. This was initially intended to prevent the dispossession of the Thembu by aggressive settlers, however in the ensuing political upheavals,

216-528: The Cape government as a precondition for annexation, but this condition was waived as being impractical. Otherwise, the terms of the incorporation were implemented as stated. Traditional land ownership was fully recognised and, with the exception of a few missionaries and white traders, Thembuland was preserved for Thembu occupation, as part of the "Transkeian territories". However, the Colonial Office 's overthrow of

240-653: The North and approximately 100 kilometres inland. The nearest large town, Mthatha, is approximately 80 kilometres away. Coffee Bay falls within the King Sabata Dalindyebo (KSD) district of the O.R Tambo District Municipality. The area is filled with diverse wild flora and fauna. The community is largely rural and Coffee Bay's infrastructure includes informal settlements, a trading store, a plain camping site and two resort hotels. The traditional Xhosa lifestyle in Coffee Bay

264-699: The South African government pay the king R900m and the tribe a further R80bn in compensation for the humiliation caused by the criminal trial. Dalindyebo was imprisoned in December 2015, released in 2019 and is back to rule his kingdom. Mqanduli Mqanduli is a town in OR Tambo District Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa . Village 30 km south of Mthatha and 22 km north-east of Elliotdale . Named after

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288-608: The Thembu chiefs as leaders of "District Councils", thereby establishing a system of proxy rulers. The Government of Cecil Rhodes passed legislation, such as the Parliamentary Registration Act , that severely curtailed the voting rights of the Thembu and all Black African citizens of the Cape. However it was the Union of South Africa, in the Twentieth Century, that was to oversee the greatest growth in oppression against

312-525: The area during their expansion. Once immigrant clans arrived in this region, they were assimilated by Xhosa people, becoming part of the nation. They would later be given land and permission by the Xhosa Kingdom to rule themselves in the region now known as Thembuland. Thembuland became an independent kingdom , ruled by the Hala royal clan. Beginning in the 19th century, Thembuland became embroiled in conflict with

336-448: The cliff. Tembuland Thembuland , Afrikaans : Temboeland , is a natural region in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa . Its territory is the traditional region of the abaThembu . It was formerly also known as "Tamboekieland" or "Tambookieland". The area of Thembuland proper includes present-day Mthatha , Mqanduli , Ngcobo , Mjanyana , Dutywa and Willowvale as well as their surroundings. Thembuland

360-517: The coast of Coffee Bay, although there may no longer be any coffee trees or beans in the Coffee Bay area. The municipality is located in an area that was previously part of the Xhosa bantustan , Transkei , and the population is still predominantly Xhosa. Coffee Bay is a small village situated on the South African "Wild Coast" which stretches for 160 kilometres South from the Kei River mouth to Port Edward in

384-594: The elected Cape government in 1878 and assumption of direct rule over the Cape Colony caused the Confederation Wars, and the later disruption of the treaty's peaceful implementation. The annexation was only finally completed in 1885. Thembuland was defined at the time as being the territory between Umtata and the Tsomo River, and home to 60,000 people. Thembuland also submitted troops to the Frontier Armed forces of

408-571: The law was badly enforced. From the 1880s, the pro-imperialist governments of Prime Ministers John Gordon Sprigg and Cecil Rhodes turned a blind eye to white incursions. Already by 1882, white settlers had illegally moved north of the Great Kei River and, in the same year, Chief Ngangelizwe himself sold territory within Umtata district to white land owners. In 1894, the Glen Gray Act constituted

432-588: The neighboring British Empire . From 1871 the Thembu became engaged in a protracted war against an alliance of neighbouring Xhosa-speaking peoples, including the Pondo , the Bomvana and the Gcaleka . The Thembu Paramount-Chief, Ngangelizwe, had sought to unite the various Thembu clans but had come under increasing military pressure from Sarhili , King of the Xhosa. The conflict had a personal side, as Ngangelizwe's Chief Wife Novili

456-560: The people of Thembuland. Later, in the lead up to the Union of South Africa and the beginning of Apartheid , the franchise and property rights of the Thembu were gradually revoked, and what rights remained were applied only in their original homeland. Later still, under apartheid, the Transkei was turned into a bantustan . In the ethnic theory underpinning apartheid , the Transkei was declared as

480-455: The population do not comply with the environmental legislation regarding the use of natural resources. A study has suggested that the high illiteracy and unemployment compels people to use coastal natural resources to satisfy their basic needs. Hole in the Wall , in Coffee Bay, is a large hole which is scored neatly into a cliff that extends over the sea. The hole amplifies the sound of the waves onto

504-520: The rock, inspiring the local Xhosa people to name it esiKhaleni which means ‘place of sound’. There are many different folklore tales about the Hole in the Wall. Many believe that the hole is a gateway to ancestors. People also believe that the Mpako River once formed a landlocked lagoon blocked by the cliff. Most accept the scientific explanation that the hole is the result of many years of waves breaking against

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528-402: Was hated by many in the neighbouring Pondo and Gcaleka states, and accused of a range of crimes. The Cape Government demanded his resignation, as a precondition for any annexation. According to Cape Parliamentary records, the Thembu leaders demanded, among other things, four magistracies with equal access to the Cape's current system of multiracial franchise, and military support in the event of

552-423: Was historically defined as the area between Umtata and the upper Kei River . As such it formed an area of 50 by 120 miles, although its boundary was considered disputable with Pondoland on the coast, and with Fingoland just to the south. The definition of the area has also changed over time. Before colonial conquest, it was divided into Tembuland Proper, Emigrant Tembuland and Bomvanaland —the Bomvana were

576-451: Was the daughter of Sarhili, and rumours had been spread that Ngangelizwe had ill-treated her. Facing severe military pressure from the combined armies of his enemies, Chief Ngangelizwe and his Ministers approached the nominally-independent Cape Colony to negotiate alliance and possible incorporation. The Cape Colony, having recently achieved a degree of independence from Britain under the system of Responsible Government , operated under

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