The Kamëntšá people are indigenous people of Colombia . They primarily live in the Sibundoy Valley of the Putumayo Department in the south of Colombia.
29-459: Coche , a Spanish word for automobile, can refer to: Coche people , an indigenous people of Colombia Camsá language , Coche language Coche Island , Venezuela Coche station , a rapid transit station in Caracas Coche d'eau, a horse-drawn water coach, also called Trekschuit Coche, Al-Mada'in , the name of an ancient urban complex along
58-437: A poultice , tincture , ointment , or where the leaves are directly applied transdermally to the skin. Traditional external uses have included the treating of aches and pains, dermatitis , orchitis , arthritis , rheumatism , headaches, infections, and as an anti-inflammatory . They have been used internally much more rarely due to the inherent dangers of ingestion. Internal uses, in highly diluted preparations, and often as
87-542: A portion of a larger mix, have included treatments for stomach and muscle ailments, as a decongestant , to induce vomiting, to expel worms and parasites, and as a sedative. Several South American cultures have used Brugmansia species as a treatment for unruly children, so that they might be admonished directly by their ancestors in the spirit world, and thereby become more compliant. Mixed with maize beer and tobacco leaves, it has been used to drug wives and slaves before they were buried alive with their dead lord. In
116-445: A single stalk, until it reaches its first main fork at 80–150 cm (2.6–4.9 ft) high. It will not flower until after it has reached this fork, and then only on new growth above the fork. Cuttings taken from the lower vegetative region must also grow to a similar height before flowering, but cuttings from the upper flowering region will often flower at a very low height. One interesting example of plant/animal interaction involves
145-436: A strong, pleasing fragrance that is most noticeable in the evening. Flowers may be single, double, or more. Linnaeus first classified these plants as part of Datura with his 1753 description of "Datura arborea" . Then in 1805, C. H. Persoon transferred them into a separate genus, Brugmansia , named for Dutch naturalist Sebald Justinus Brugmans . For another 168 years, various authors placed them back and forth between
174-519: A wide variety of curiously misshapen forms. One of these cultivars - 'Culebra' ('snake' in Spanish ) proved so aberrant that it was, for a time, actually removed from Brugmansia and accorded monotypic genus status as "Methysticodendron" (Greek : 'intoxicating tree'), the full Linnaean binomial of the plant becoming Methysticodendron amesianum before it was subsumed once more in Brugmansia . During
203-481: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Language and nationality disambiguation pages Coche people The name is rendered variously as Kamëntšá, Camsá, Camëntsëá, Coche, Kamemtxa, Kamsa, Kamse, Sibundoy, and Sibundoy-Gaché. The Kamëntšá language is a language isolate , although linguists have tried to connect it to the Chibchan language family in
232-1150: The Pleistocene . Brugmansia has long been extinct in the wild as their fruits now shrivel on the plants without progeny. They have been maintained in cultivation as a source of psychotropic drugs, following the loss of their evolutionary seed dispersal partner by humans. Brugmansia are most often grown today as flowering ornamental plants. Brugmansia contains deliriant hallucinogenic tropane alkaloids ( atropine , scopolamine , and hyoscyamine ) which cause delirium and hallucinations . In modern medicine , these tropane alkaloids found in Brugmansia and other related members of Solanaceae have proven medical value for their spasmolytic , anti-asthmatic , anticholinergic , narcotic , and anesthetic properties, although many of these alkaloids, or their equivalents, are now artificially synthesized. Brugmansia species have also traditionally been used in many South American indigenous cultures in medical preparations and as an entheogen in religious and spiritual ceremonies. Medicinally, they have mostly been used externally as part of
261-685: The Northern Peruvian Andes, shamans ( curanderos ) traditionally used Brugmansia species for initiation , divination , and black magic rituals. In some Latin American countries such as Colombia and Peru, members of the genus Brugmansia are reportedly used by malevolent sorcerers or "bad shamans" in some ayahuasca brews in attempt to take advantage of tourists. The species that are typically used for these purposes include Brugmansia suaveolens and Brugmansia arborea among others. All parts of Brugmansia are potentially poisonous, with
290-665: The Tigris River in Iraq Chantal Coché (1826 – 1891), Belgian industrialist Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Coche . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coche&oldid=971354249 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
319-534: The Valley under the influences of cultivation. Such has come to pass with the Tree Datura [= Brugmansia ] drugs. Melvin L. Bristol 1969 Debasement of Sibundoy Indian culture is a sad and logical result of national development and is a model for the erosion of traditional life throughout South America. Not long ago, the Valley of Sibundoy had some of the most interesting uses of psychoactive and medicinal plants in
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#1732884020579348-642: The Wild by the IUCN Red List , although they are popular ornamental plants and still exist wild outside their native range as introduced species. It is suspected that their extinction in the wild is due to the extinction of some animal which previously dispersed the seeds, with human cultivation having ensured the genus's continued survival. Brugmansia are large shrubs or small trees, with semi-woody, often many-branched trunks. They can reach heights of 3–11 m (10–36 ft). The leaves are alternately arranged along
377-477: The blurred vision started. She did not complain of any other symptom. When all tests proved normal, she was finally asked to provide a photo of her garden. Brugmansia suaveolens (angel's trumpet) was identified in the picture. On asking specific history, she reported rubbing her right eye after touching the plant's leaves and flowers. It shows that Brugmansia is highly toxic. Even touching the leaves and flowers can transfer sufficient amounts of active principles to
406-465: The butterfly Placidula euryanassa , which uses Brugmansia suaveolens as one of its main larval foods. It has been shown that these can sequester the plant's tropane alkaloids and store them through the pupal stage on to the adult butterfly, where they are then used as a defense mechanism, making themselves less palatable to vertebrate predators. Brugmansia seed dispersal was probably formerly accomplished by mammalian megafauna , extinct since
435-568: The episode, such as one example reported in European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience of a young man who amputated his own penis and tongue after drinking only one cup of Brugmansia sanguinea tea. In 1994 in Florida, 112 people were admitted to hospitals after ingesting Brugmansia , leading one municipality to prohibit the purchase, sale, or cultivation of Brugmansia plants. The concentrations of alkaloids in all parts of
464-404: The genera of Brugmansia and Datura , until in 1973, with his detailed comparison of morphological differences, T.E. Lockwood settled them as separate genera, where they have stayed unchallenged since. Currently, there are seven recognized species: These species are then divided into two natural, genetically isolated groups. Brugmansia section Brugmansia (the warm-growing group) includes
493-460: The globe, including within North America, Africa, Australia, and Asia. Most Brugmansia are fragrant in the evenings to attract pollinating moths. One species lacking scent, the red-flowered Brugmansia sanguinea , is pollinated by long-billed hummingbirds. Brugmansia have two main stages to their life cycle. In the initial vegetative stage the young seedling grows straight up on usually
522-423: The hand. Brugmansia are easily grown in a moist, fertile, well-drained soil, in sun to part shade, in frost-free climates. They begin to flower in mid to late spring in warm climates and continue into the fall (autumn), often continuing as late as early winter in warm conditions. In cool winters, outdoor plants need protection from frost, but the roots are hardier, and may resprout in late spring. The species from
551-401: The higher elevations, in B . section Sphaerocarpium , prefer moderate temperatures and cool nights, and may not flower if temperatures are very hot. Most Brugmansia may be propagated easily by rooting 10–20 cm (4–8 in) cuttings taken from the end of a branch during the summer. Several hybrids and numerous cultivars have been developed for use as ornamental plants. B. × candida
580-493: The journal Pathology as "terrifying rather than pleasurable". The author Christina Pratt, in An Encyclopedia of Shamanism , says that " Brugmansia induces a powerful trance with violent and unpleasant effects, sickening after effects, and at times temporary insanity". These hallucinations are often characterized by complete loss of awareness that one is hallucinating, disconnection from reality ( psychosis ), and amnesia of
609-498: The long period of relative isolation, a great variety of curious cultivated plants were brought into the [Sibundoy] Valley . Some are of scant importance today and may never have enjoyed a wide appreciation among the Valley’s inhabitants. Others, the predominant food, medicinal and narcotic plants, have come to assume very great importance in the economic and social life of the natives. Certain plants, known nowhere else, have evolved in
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#1732884020579638-475: The nickname devil's trumpets of the closely related genus Datura . Brugmansia species are among the most toxic of ornamental plants , containing tropane alkaloids of the type also responsible for the toxicity and deliriant effects of both jimsonweed and the infamous deadly nightshade . All seven species are known only in cultivation or as escapees from cultivation, and no wild plants have ever been confirmed. They are therefore listed as Extinct in
667-579: The past. The language is written in the Latin script . They are known for their carved wooden masks that are worn during ceremonies and festivals. They farm maize, beans, potatoes, and peas, and use a number of different entheogens , including ayahuasca (yagé), Brugmansia species, Iochroma fuchsioides and Desfontainia in their rituals. Kamëntšá shamans are noted for the number and variety of Brugmansia cultivars which they have propagated in their gardens of entheogenic plants, and which bear leaves in
696-460: The plant differ markedly. They even vary with the seasons and the level of hydration, so it is nearly impossible to determine a safe level of alkaloid exposure. In 2022 The BMJ reported the following case: A woman in her 50s presented to the emergency department with blurred vision and pupil asymmetry for 3 hours. The right pupil was dilated, while the left was normal. A detailed history revealed that she had been pruning plants in her garden, when
725-548: The seeds and leaves being especially dangerous. Brugmansia are rich in scopolamine (hyoscine), hyoscyamine , and several other tropane alkaloids which can lead to anticholinergic toxidrome and delirium . Effects of ingestion can include paralysis of smooth muscles , confusion, tachycardia , dry mouth, constipation, tremors, migraine headaches, poor coordination, delusions, visual and auditory hallucinations, mydriasis , rapid onset cycloplegia , and death. The hallucinogenic effects of Brugmansia were described in
754-587: The species B. insignis was instead a hybrid of the combination ( B. suaveolens × B. versicolor ) × B. suaveolens . This was later disproved by crossbreeding experiments done by the Preissels, published in 1997. Brugmansia are native to tropical regions of South America, along the Andes from Venezuela to northern Chile, and also in south-eastern Brazil. They are grown as ornamental container plants worldwide, and have become naturalized in isolated tropical areas around
783-452: The species aurea , insignis , sauveolens , and versicolor . Brugmansia section Sphaerocarpium (the cold group) includes the species arborea , sanguinea , and vulcanicola . Two of these species were challenged by Lockwood in his 1973 doctoral thesis. First, Brugmansia vulcanicola was said to be a subspecies of B. sanguinea , but this was refuted by Lockwood's former mentor, R. E. Schultes in 1977. Second, Lockwood proposed that
812-432: The stems, generally large, 10–30 cm (4–12 in) long and 4–18 cm (2–7 in) across, with an entire or coarsely toothed margin, and are often covered with fine hairs. The name "angel's trumpet" refers to the large, pendulous, trumpet-shaped flowers, 14–50 cm (6–20 in) long and 10–35 cm (4–14 in) across at the opening. They come in shades of white, yellow, pink, orange, green, or red. Most have
841-665: The world. Today, alcoholism is replacing the ceremonial use of safer drugs. Andrew Weil 1980 This article related to an ethnic group in South America is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Brugmansia See text Methysticodendron R.E.Schult. Pseudodatura Zijp Brugmansia is a genus of seven species of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae . They are woody trees or shrubs, with pendulous flowers, and have no spines on their fruit. Their large, fragrant flowers give them their common name of angel's trumpets , adjacent to
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