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35-513: Cocagne ( English: / k oʊ ˈ k æ n / ) is a Canadian community, formerly part of an eponymous local service district (LSD) and later incorporated rural community , in Kent County , New Brunswick . It is now part of the rural community of Beausoleil . It was named after Cockaigne , a mythical paradise in medieval French literature. It is located at the mouth of the Cocagne River on

70-670: A centralised website that lists them, often resulting in low voter turnout. LSDs may establish an advisory committee of three to five members if a public meeting with sufficient eligible voters is held. LSD advisory committees are disbanded if their membership falls below three. The Committees have no legislative or taxing authority, but work with the Local Service District Manager to administer services and set local budgets. Advisory committee presidents are asked to participate on regional service commission boards. A certain amount of consulting and service contracts are awarded as

105-500: A new entity was created. Originally most LSDs were defined by parish boundaries or grant lines; in the 1980s provincial property identity numbers began replacing grant lines; since the mid-2000s maps showing property lines have been the norm. All methods have led to problems: List of counties of New Brunswick With the reorganization of local government legislation contained in the Robichaud government's reforms, collectively called

140-452: A parish LSD for Grand Manan Shediac Bridge-Shediac River is listed with Westmorland County The number of LSDs is sometimes misstated, due to the existence of three units that can be confused with official LSDs: areas with increased or decreased services, Taxing Authorities, and Census Designated Places that are called Local Service Districts. A business-like approach guides property taxation and local service provision administration in

175-422: A result of LSD service activity, which provide economic activities. The provincial government has been encouraging local service districts to participate in reforming government administration in rural areas.<! citation will follow> The rural community , an incorporated but non-municipal body, has been the most common model, although incorporation into existing municipalities has also been pursued. Since 2006

210-506: A term of four years according to the government's cycle for general municipal elections. Elections may be held outside municipal election years if replacing a dissolved committee or establishing a committee in an LSD that previously lacked one. LSDAC elections are handled by the Department of Local Government, not Elections New Brunswick ; because of this, elections do not require normal polling hours, nor do they require widespread advertising or

245-519: A total of 24 LSDs have become incorporated into rural communities or municipalities: There have been dozens of other projects that are still in progress or have failed for various reasons, some reaching the plebiscite stage, many simply lacking local support to proceed to asking the government to conduct a feasibility study. There have been at least two attempts by municipalities in Millville and Norton to devolve to local service districts, both rejected by

280-522: Is $ 0.6315 per $ 100 of assessed value for owner-occupied residential properties. A provincial levy called the Provincial amount is applied to all properties at a fixed rate for general provincial revenues. Non owner-occupied residential properties pay "double" provincial tax, and a variety of schemes are in place for non-residential properties such as businesses, farm timberland, private timberland, not-for-profits, golf courses, etc. Businesses pay 50% more than

315-485: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Local service district (New Brunswick) A local service district (LSD) was a provincial administrative unit for the provision of local services in the Canadian province of New Brunswick . LSDs originally covered areas of the province that maintained some services but were not made municipalities when the province's former county municipalities were dissolved at

350-511: Is part of LSD the parish of Harcourt. The remaining 103 LSDs (plus 62 former) varied in nature – two were school districts dating from the original creation of LSDs in 1966, one an island, one a pair of islands, several centralised communities like Elgin, most decentralised communities or groups of communities (which could approach the size of parishes), and two resulted from mergers in 1996 (Chaleur) and 1999 (Allardville) that included three (two parish) and two (one parish) LSDs respectively. never

385-455: The 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Cocagne had a population of 2,757 living in 1,214 of its 1,430 total private dwellings, a change of 4.1% from its 2016 population of 2,649 . With a land area of 69.23 km (26.73 sq mi), it had a population density of 39.8/km (103.1/sq mi) in 2021. [REDACTED] Media related to Cocagne at Wikimedia Commons This New Brunswick location article

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420-506: The New Brunswick Equal Opportunity program , county municipalities ceased to function in 1966 and their councils were dissolved. Another form of regional local government did not replace the county. Instead, many small village municipalities were created, with the surrounding predominantly rural areas remaining unincorporated. They serve as the basis for federal census divisions and provide convenient map subdivisions of

455-532: The Northumberland Strait . William Francis Ganong identified the Mi'kmaq name as Wijulmacadie , referring to a plant found along the river. In 1866 Cocagne was a farming community with about 65 families: in 1871 the community and surrounding district had a population of 900: in 1898 Cocagne was a sub-port of entry with a population of 250. A post office branch has been located here since 1837. On 1 January 2023,

490-455: The L.S.D. rate, are determined by a provincial Local Services Manager in order to pay for local services and are levied on all properties. These assessments may be for facilities situated in the LSD, services provided locally, cost-sharing between LSDs or purchased from a neighbouring municipality, or shared costs of operation of facilities in a municipality. The base rate, which includes fire protection,

525-472: The LSD concept evolved to fit changes in communities over time, and they defined their communities to varying degrees. For example, sub-units of the LSD made it possible to have separate taxing authorities within an LSD where one area may have grown to have greater needs; a LSD covering a civil parish after the incorporation of a village or establishment of other LSDs may not have defined a community very well. Provincial government guidelines required capitalising

560-622: The ability to elect advisory committees; the requirements for establishing such committees have changed since 1966. Currently 25 or more residents who are qualified to vote under the Elections Act may petition the Minister of Local Government to call a meeting for the purpose of electing a committee; a simple majority vote at such a meeting is sufficient to establish a committee. There is no minimum number of voters required to elect or re-elect an advisory committee. LSD advisory committees are elected for

595-669: The administration of some services at the provincial level, with regional service commissions taking over many others. Regulation 84-168 has not kept up with these changes in administration, updating listed services only when boundary changes or addition of new services have taken place. Fire protection and recreational facilities are often paid for through cost-sharing with municipalities or other LSDs. Services within LSDs can be grouped into two categories - mandatory and voluntary services. Mandatory services are: Voluntary services include, but are not limited to: Local service districts have always had

630-422: The best candidates for a map of New Brunswick at the time. As the new boundaries were established, the former counties of Cumberland and Sunbury were disregarded, with the exception of the starting point of the boundary between Westmorland and Northumberland counties, which shared a resemblance to the old boundaries, though this might have been a coincidence. The county lines were strategically drawn to align with

665-456: The distance between the St. John river communities and the administrative centre at Halifax. The arrival of American Loyalist refugees saw the population in the colony grow abruptly, with many directed to Sunbury county's Wolastoq/Saint John river. Initially, when Nova Scotia's authorities established counties for the first time in 1759, the vast territory of former Acadia to the north of Kings County

700-461: The local service district, with a manager and staff looking after any number of LSD units, including the private ballot advisory committee elections. It is therefore limited in its democratic function. All properties are assessed for value by an arm of the provincial services corporation, Service New Brunswick, on behalf of the finance department, and taxed on the assessed value a local and provincial rate. Local rates in unincorporated areas, known as

735-518: The north line to the Saint John River and then to the southern Canadian border. This description actually overlapped a part of Maine ’s territory, as you would have needed to go far west, towards the area near the source of the Chaudière River . On the east the boundary with Cumberland ran north by the magnet from a point 20 miles up from Mispec. No further changes would be made until 1785, when

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770-787: The province and replacing the authority for assessments, and tax collection in Provincial hands. Valuation of property was at first undertaken by the department of municipal affairs, and billing and collection later became the responsibility of the Services Corporation. The Municipalities Act of 1966 enacted local government structural changes recommended by the Byrne report. Local service districts were established on November 23 by Order-in-Council. Those rural areas that provided one or two services normally provided by municipalities, primarily fire protection, would be served by local service districts. 92 local service districts were established in 11 of

805-572: The province for purposes other than local governance. They figure prominently in residents' sense of place and continue as significant threads in the Province's cultural fabric (i.e., most citizens always know which county they are in), and they still appear on some maps. The partitioning of Nova Scotia at the close of the American Revolutionary War was discreetly attributed by the British to

840-456: The province's 15 counties. Gloucester (which today has more local service districts than any two other counties combined), Charlotte, Kings, and Northumberland Counties did not have any local service districts. Of the 92 LSDs, 86 were civil parishes; 81 provided only fire protection, while six added street lighting in at least part of the LSD, four added community services and recreational facilities, and one added garbage collection. The LSD system

875-510: The provincial government. Planned reforms to New Brunswick's local governance system would abolish local service districts on 1 January 2023. The reforms include annexation to existing municipalities or incorporation in new local government entities for most populated areas in LSDs. The remaining area, including 9% of the 2016 population, will be organised into 12 rural districts, sometimes noncontiguous entities based on regional service commission boundaries. These The term 'Democratic deficit'

910-482: The recently partitioned New Brunswick province's government established new county administrations. New Brunswick was created on June 18, 1784. The province was divided into eight counties by decree of Governor Carleton : Charlotte , Kings , Northumberland , Queens , Saint John , Sunbury , Westmorland and York . In January 1786, the first session of the New Brunswick Legislative Assembly

945-489: The rural community of Cocagne amalgamated with all or part of six LSDs to form the new rural community of Beausoleil. The community's name remains in official use, as do those of other communities within the former rural community. The community is located around the mouth of the Cocagne River in Cocagne Bay at the crossroads of Route 535 and Route 134 . Cocagne is also located on the northern terminus of Route 530 In

980-754: The start of 1967; eventually all of rural New Brunswick was covered by the LSD system. They were defined in law by the Local Service Districts Regulation of the Municipalities Act . In 2017, the Municipalities Act was replaced by the Local Governance Act , which continued the Local Service Districts Regulation . LSDs were operated by provincial staff. Residents had the opportunity to form committees to serve in an advisory capacity to provincial staff. As management units collectively referred to as unincorporated areas, application of

1015-521: The total rate for non owner-occupied residential properties. Advisory committees may function to assist with the LSD Manager and staff and also elected local government officials. Committees do not have decision-making powers and are not required to take procedural accountability measures. Originally all services within LSDs were voluntary, administered by area citizens and paid for by local property taxes. The provincial government has gradually taken over

1050-483: The words local service district only if they follow the specific part of the name: e.g. Flatlands Local Service District but the local service district of Flatlands . A 2021 white paper recommended major reforms to New Brunswick's local governance system, including abolition of LSDs on 1 January 2023. Areas serviced by LSDs became parts of municipalities or, especially in sparsely populated areas, rural districts. The Royal Commission on Finance and Municipal Taxation

1085-512: Was erected as Cumberland , until in April 30, 1765, when the county was sectioned for the residents of the townships along the coastline and in the lower Saint John River valley. The new county was called Sunbury . It would not be until 24 May 1770 that a boundary would be established between the two counties. Sunbury’s western boundary was described as starting at the head of the St. Croix River , following

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1120-466: Was established in 1962 by Order-in-Council 62-185, tasked with performing a comprehensive review of the province's municipal structures and taxation. The Commission's report, often called the Byrne report for the Commission chair, Edward Byrne, released in 1964, recommended sweeping changes in the province's structure, including abolishing the incorporated county municipalities that governed rural areas of

1155-866: Was extended to other unincorporated areas as needed, with the parish of Musquash in 1985 completing the process. Many LSDs were formed from parts of existing LSDs, a process that continued until 1994; three more have been formed since by combining existing LSDs. As of 1 June 2019 there were 236 LSDs. An additional eighty LSDs had been dissolved, most of incorporated as, or absorbed by, municipalities. The number of concurrent LSDs peaked at 291 in 1991 and declined since 1995. There were 133 Parish LSDs (plus fifteen former parish LSDs), which range from entire parishes, such as Cardwell, to areas left over after large numbers of LSDs have been separated, such as Shippegan. The parishes of Gagetown, Grand Manan, Hampstead have never had parish LSDs; Huskisson, while unstated in Regulation 84-168,

1190-601: Was held in Saint John, at which the MLA’s passed An Act for the better ascertaining and confirming the Boundaries of Several Counties within this Province, and for subdividing them into Towns or Parishes . As the council worked on developing the original county lines, they desperately needed maps of the province, which, at the time, they seemingly lacked. As a result, they relied on two maps by Joseph Frederick Wallet DesBarres from 1780,

1225-467: Was used by Jean-Guy Finn (Local Governance Task Force, 2010) to describe an "unbalanced local government", as in: many residents without representation at a local level (35% of population and 90% of the provincial territory) and limited competition for elected offices (1/3 of municipal councils with less than 2000 pop acclaimed) The boundary descriptions of LSDs have sometimes suffered from ambiguous language or lack of update of existing LSD boundaries when

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