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29-533: Cloverland Electric Cooperative is an electric cooperative in Michigan , United States. It serves five counties on the eastern end of Michigan's Upper Peninsula ( Chippewa , Mackinac , Schoolcraft , Delta and Luce ), as well as the cities of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan and St. Ignace . Cloverland Electric Cooperative is based in Dafter , just south of Sault Ste, Marie. Cloverland Electric's transmission line voltage

58-434: A bigger higher level cooperative, is called the secondary cooperative. Secondary cooperative is different from the association. Cooperative of secondary cooperative is called tertiary cooperatives. For example, each village may have a village level cooperative. Several village cooperatives may form a district level secondary cooperative in which village level cooperatives have a share. Several district level cooperatives may form

87-436: A household in the county was $ 26,694, and for a family was $ 33,146. Males had a median income of $ 27,972 versus $ 19,531 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 14,090. About 19.30% of families and 22.60% of the population were below the poverty line , including 28.00% of those under age 18 and 24.40% of those age 65 or over. The county is served by a weekly newspaper, nearby stations KBXJ (FM) and KPET (AM), and

116-427: A partial supplier of power to their distribution system. Utility cooperative Each customer is a member and owner of the business. This means that all members have equal individual authority, unlike investor-owned utilities where the extent of individual authority is governed by the number of shares held. Like cooperatives operating in other sectors, many utility cooperatives conduct their affairs according to

145-495: A set of ideals based on the Rochdale Principles . Some utility cooperatives respect the seventh principle, Concern for community , through Operation Roundup schemes, whereby members can voluntarily have their bill rounded to the next currency unit (e.g. $ 55.37 becomes $ 56), with the difference (e.g. 63¢) distributed to a fund for local charities. Many such cooperatives exist in the rural United States and were created by

174-424: A single telephone co-operative, The Phone Co-op , which provides fixed, mobile telephone and internet services, including web hosting and broadband. It is 100% owned by its customer-members who democratically control the business and who share in its profits. The co-op is a social enterprise and was awarded the title of UK customer-facing social enterprise of the year 2015.[1] The business is a living wage employer and

203-493: A speculative venture based on the opening up of new farmlands in southern Lynn and northern Dawson Counties. Wilson , 13 miles (21 km) northeast of Tahoka, was established in 1912 to attract farmers to the newly opened lands of the Dixie Ranch. A large number of Central Texas Germans purchased county lands, thus beginning a small-scale migration of Germans into the county that lasted into the 1950s. Cotton farming prospered in

232-536: A state level tertiary cooperative, and so on. In 2013, REScoop, a European federation of energy co-operatives, both producers' and consumers', was launched. It has 11 members in seven countries. In the UK, Co-operative Energy was established in 2010 by Midcounties Co-operative and supplies electricity and gas across the country. Electricity in most provinces of the Philippines are served by cooperatives, and all belong to

261-490: Is 138,000 volts. Their subtransmission voltage is 69,000 volts. Distribution voltages are 14,400 volts and 13,200/7,620 volts. The cooperative has interconnections with Consumers Energy via two 138 kV cables submerged under the Straits of Mackinac and with Upper Peninsula Power Company and We Energies via 69 kV and 138 kV lines. The cooperative operates the venerable Saint Marys Falls Hydropower Plant (1902) as

290-492: Is a county in the U.S. state of Texas . As of the 2020 census , its population was 5,596. Its county seat is Tahoka . The county was created in 1876 and organized in 1903. Lynn County, along with Crosby and Lubbock Counties, is part of the Lubbock Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The Lubbock MSA and Levelland Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA), encompassing only Hockley County , form

319-740: Is accredited to hold the Fair Tax Mark. It has over 30,000 customers. There are approximately 260 telephone cooperatives in the US, together employing approximately 23,000 and annual revenues of $ 3.9B. Many were formed during the New Deal in the 1930s, but some date to the turn of the 20th century. Most operate only one or a small number of exchanges , typically as an Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier (ILEC), but some have become regional players through merger and now operate as Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLEC). Lynn County, Texas Lynn County

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348-515: Is land and 1.6 square miles (4.1 km ) (0.2%) is covered by water. As of the census of 2000, 6,550 people, 2,354 households, and 1,777 families resided in the county. The population density was 7 people per square mile (2.7 people/km ). The 2,671 housing units averaged 3 units per square mile (1.2/km ). The county's racial makeup was 75.53% White, 2.84% Black or African American, 1.02% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 18.24% from other races, and 2.21% from two or more races. About 44% of

377-497: The New Deal to bring electric power and telephone service to rural areas, when the nearest investor-owned utility would not provide service since it believes that there would be insufficient revenue to justify the capital expenditures required. Many electric cooperatives have banded together to form their own wholesale power cooperatives, often called G&Ts for "generation and transmission", to supply their member-owners with electricity. Many utility cooperatives strive to bring

406-602: The PUDs in the Pacific Northwest starting about the same time and continuing with varying degrees of success over the following two decades. The key difference between a PPD/PUD and a cooperative is that PPDs/PUDs are publicly controlled by residents of a state or local area and run more like a municipal power system than a cooperative system. A cooperative is owned and operated by the customers they serve within their designated service area. Cooperative owners have voting rights to elect

435-753: The United Kingdom and Enercoop in France are examples of consumer cooperatives . Other co-ops have formed to concentrate on the generation of renewable energy, especially wind energy co-operatives . There are two types of electric cooperatives: distribution cooperatives and generation and transmission (G&T) cooperatives. Distribution electric cooperatives serve end-users, such as residences and businesses, who make up their membership. Generation and transmission cooperatives typically sell wholesale power to distribution cooperatives and are cooperative federations owned by their member co-ops. Most electric cooperatives in

464-563: The United States include the phrase "electric cooperative" in their name, which makes it easy to identify their organization. Most cooperatives have a name that identifies or explains some aspect of their service area. For example, Bluebonnet Electric Cooperative in Texas is named after the Bluebonnet which grows naturally in its service area. Lyntegar Electric Cooperative, also in Texas, is named for

493-514: The best service at the lowest possible cost, but the high cost of maintaining the infrastructure that is needed to cover large rural areas without the support of large cities as a rich customer base often causes high prices. However, a few such co-ops have managed to tap into urban markets because of growth into previously rural territory served by the co-ops, and they have proven to be very cost-effective. More recently, established energy co-ops have offered with national coverage. Co-operative Energy in

522-501: The cooperative name if asked who their electric provider was. Today, some cooperatives, either by choice or by the guidance of state charter laws, carry a variation of the cooperative name. These include: Several states have another variation of the utility cooperative, known as Public Power Districts (PPDs) in Nebraska and Public Utility Districts (PUDs) in Oregon and Washington. In both cases,

551-520: The cooperative's board members each year and generally have more say in the operations than other utility forms. Small cooperatives often band together to achieve economies of scale , share expertise and stand together on regulatory issues. There are several statewide (and in Canada, province-wide) associations of cooperatives, including Kentucky and Nova Scotia. A cooperative of cooperatives, in which several smaller level cooperatives come together to form

580-485: The county and surrounding area. Apache and Comanche peoples roamed the high plains until various military expeditions of the 19th century pushed them away. The Red River War of 1874 was a military campaign to drive out the Apaches, Comanches, and Kiowas in Texas. In 1877, the ill-fated Nolan Expedition crossed the county in search of livestock stolen by Comanche renegades. The various Indian tribes had moved on by

609-849: The distribution sector, which serve the end customers, who own the cooperative themselves. Electric cooperatives in the Philippines are overseen by the government through the National Electrification Administration (NEA), and rates set by the cooperatives are regulated by the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC), an agency belonging to the Department of Energy (DOE). Telephone cooperatives have today expanded beyond their historical role of providing fixed line telephone services, by also offering broadband and often cable TV services (via DSL , coaxial cable or optical fibre ), and mobile/wireless services. The UK has

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638-412: The early part of the 20th century. Farmers later expanded to wheat and sorghum, plus cattle, sheep, hogs, and poultry, chiefly chickens and turkeys. Oil was discovered in the county in 1950. By 1983, the total production was 10,612,550 barrels (1,687,261 m ). According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has an area of 893 square miles (2,310 km ), of which 892 square miles (2,310 km )

667-606: The larger Lubbock–Levelland Combined Statistical Area (CSA). Lynn County was one of 30 prohibition, or entirely dry , counties in Texas, but is now a moist county. The county has two historical museums, the O'Donnell Heritage Museum , with a Dan Blocker room in O'Donnell , and the Tahoka Pioneer Museum in Tahoka. The county is also home to the Lynn County Hospital District that provides medical care to

696-410: The laws that created these "quasi-cooperative" utilities were created with the specific intent of taking over territory being served by privately owned power companies in those states. Nebraska's conversion from a mixture of power companies serving the state to a public power empire spanned the 1940s (the last privately owned utility line into the state being cut on December 29, 1949), with the creation of

725-422: The population was Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 2,354 households, 38.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.00% were married couples living together, 11.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.50% were not families; 23.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

754-407: The population was nine in 1880, 24 in 1890, and 17 in 1900. Farmers began to move into the county and invest in corn, grains, and cotton. Lynn County was formed in 1876 from Bexar . The county was organized in 1903, with Tahoka becoming the county seat. New towns were founded during the early years of the 20th century. O'Donnell, named for railroad man Tom J. O'Donnell, was established in 1910 as

783-588: The three original counties that came together to organize it, Lynn County , Terry County , and Garza County , and A&N Electric Cooperative in Virginia, is named so because it serves Accomack County and Northampton County . For years after the Rural Electrification Administration was established, many rural residents in the US called cooperatives "REA", regardless of their actual name, and would in turn say they were served by REA instead of

812-684: The time of white settlement due to the depletion of the buffalo herds by hunters. In the early 1880s, sheep and cattle ranchers began to set up operations in the county. The situation changed as large-scale ranching spread into the county. W C. Young of Fort Worth and Illinois Irishman Ben Galbraith established the beginnings of the Curry Comb Ranch in the northwest part of Garza County . By 1880, it spilled over into Lynn County. The Square Compass Ranch of Garza County also protruded into Lynn County. The county remained sparsely settled ranching territory for two decades after 1880. It had no towns;

841-399: Was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.25. In the county, the population was distributed as 31.20% under the age of 18, 7.80% from 18 to 24, 26.00% from 25 to 44, 21.00% from 45 to 64, and 14.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.80 males. The median income for

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