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36-473: The Renault Clio Cup Series is a one-make racing series created and managed by Alpine Racing (until 2020 known as Renault Sport ). The championship was born after merging the 4 active Renault Clio national cups at that moment plus the Clio Cup Europe. Up to 22 different renault cups have come into existence at some point: Belgium, Brazil, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Mexico, Spain,

72-664: A development class , the classic example being America's Cup 12-metre class , or to the box rule used, for example, in the TP 52 class. A further category, the formula based class setup, is sometimes confused with one design. The Mini Transat 6.50 , the Volvo Open 70 monohull, the large ORMA trimaran, and the Formula 18 racing beach catamaran are the exponents of the formula approach. Class-legal boats race each other without any handicap calculations in both setups. However, under one design

108-438: A racing class that consists of just one model or design of a sailboat . In one-design racing, the first boat to finish wins the race. This is contrasted with handicap racing, where time is added or subtracted from the finishing times based on design factors and mathematical formulas to determine the winner. In between One-design and handicap racing, a number of other approaches exist. One-design classes can be contrasted with

144-461: A general rule, the tolerances are strictest in smaller boats like dinghy classes and small keelboats. In some cases the tolerances are specified in a confidential Building Specification and often everything is designed and produced at the same factory or a very few factories. Examples are the Laser , Melges 24 , and several small keelboats designed by Nathanael Greene Herreshoff, such as the 12½ . In others

180-511: A lifting boiler plate capable of being lifted. The boat was called The Water Wag . The idea was quickly adopted by sailors in Ireland, England, India and South America. The Water Wag Club still thrives in Dun Laoghaire, Co. Dublin. The Solent One Design Class was one of the earliest one-design classes formed after discussions took place in 1893 and subsequent years. It quickly became popular, and

216-502: A “true” spec series. The same applies to the Super Formula series. All teams compete in nearly identical Dallara SF23 models, but use engines supplied from Honda and Toyota , preventing it from being a true spec series. There are two primary methods of competition in sailboat racing : One-design and handicap racing (e.g. Portsmouth Yardstick , Performance Handicap Racing Fleet and Leading Yard Stick ). One design refers to

252-595: Is achieved through metrology technology applied to all of the steps in powertrain manufacturing processes. In automotive manufacturing, the frame plus the "running gear" makes the chassis . Later, a body (sometimes referred to as " coachwork "), which is usually not necessary for integrity of the structure, is built on the chassis to complete the vehicle . Commercial vehicle manufacturers may have "chassis only" and "cowl and chassis" versions that can be outfitted with specialized bodies. These include buses , motor homes , fire engines , ambulances , etc. The frame plus

288-733: Is important to industry, including the automotive and other vehicle sectors. Competitiveness drives companies to engineer and produce powertrain systems that over time are more economical to manufacture, higher in product quality and reliability, higher in performance, more fuel efficient, less polluting, and longer in life expectancy. In turn these requirements have led to designs involving higher internal pressures, greater instantaneous forces, and increased complexity of design and mechanical operation. The resulting designs in turn impose significantly more severe requirements on parts shape and dimension; and material surface flatness , waviness , roughness , and porosity . Quality control over these parameters

324-556: Is usually shown by his final standing in a contest. What could be more indicative of this when pilots are flying identical sailplanes with identical performance. One-design competition is the sure test of soaring skill." Other one-design gliders have included those made in Russia by Aviastroitel , in Poland by Warsztaty Szybowcowe Orlik , and Germany, where for example the DFS Olympia Meise

360-634: The British Rail Class 03 and British Rail Class 04 diesel shunting locomotives. This section uses infographics to show a unified model with variations, the green wheels denote no traction, and the angled wheels denote steering. 6X4 means 6 wheel ends and 4 positions distribute power (power divider installed) 6X2 means 6 wheel ends and 2 positions distribute power (single axle drive) 4X0 means 4 wheel ends no power (Trailer axle) 4x2 means 4 Wheel ends, 2 Positions to distribute power The 6 wheel ends can either be wide base singles or duals. Its about

396-686: The Renault Sport Clio Cup Elf , but in 2005 the championship was cancelled due to the lack of participants. It returned in 2008 as the Renault Clio Cup Belux 2008 with 6 meetings. The Renault Cup started in 1987 with the Renault 5 GT Turbo Cup organised jointly with the Netherlands. The Benelux championship switch into Belgian Cup with Renault Clio 16S between 1991 and 1996. Then it was Renault Mégane Coupé 16V (1997–2000) and finally

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432-509: The prime mover , that changes depending on whether a vehicle is front-wheel , rear-wheel , or four-wheel drive , or less-common six-wheel or eight-wheel drive . In a wider sense, the powertrain includes all of the components used to transform stored (chemical, solar, nuclear, kinetic, potential, etc.) energy into kinetic energy for propulsion purposes. This includes the utilization of multiple power-sources and non–wheel-based vehicles. The most recent developments in powertrain are driven by

468-545: The 1970s with the introduction of laminate construction using fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) and mold building technology. This process allowed the mass production of identical hulls of virtually any size at a lower price. The one-design design idea was created by Thomas Middleton of the Shankill Corinthian Club located 10 miles (16 km) south of Dublin, Ireland in 1887. He proposed a class of double ended open dinghies of simple clincher construction in pine with

504-513: The 20+ approved builders on four continents being of identical speed, for example at the 2017 World Championship. In medium- to large-sized boat classes, One design would refer to conformance to a standard specification , with the possibility of alterations being allowed as long as they remained within certain tolerances. Examples of this are the Dragon , J/24 , Etchells , H-boat and the Farr 40 . After

540-637: The British leg of the World Series by Renault event. The series saw subsequently these cars: Renault 5 TL (1974–1977), Renault 5 TS (1977–1985), Renault 5 GT Turbo (1985–1990), Renault Clio 16V Mark I (1991–1995), Renault Sport Spider (1996–1999), Clio Renaultsport 172 (2000–2001), Clio Renaultsport 182 (2002–2006), Clio Renaultsport 197 (2007–2009), and Clio Renaultsport 200 (2010–2019). The series' past champion winners includes Andy Priaulx , Jason Plato and Tom Onslow-Cole . Other than that, past drivers of

576-736: The National Register of Historic Vessels of the United Kingdom. She is kept in Lymington where she is still racing and winning on the Solent. Conversely the Howth 17 , designed just four years later by Sir Walter H. Boyd of Howth , Co. Dublin is still actively raced and is the oldest one-design racing keelboat still sailing as designed. While fifteen of the current fleet were built from 1898 to 1914, new boats can still be added, most recently in 2017. As

612-545: The Netherlands, Portugal, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom for example. The French Clio Cup has been held since 2004. The French Cup started in 1966 and used in succession Renault 8 Gordini (1966–1970), Renault 12 Gordini (1971–1974), Renault 5 LS kitée (1975–1976), Renault 5 Alpine (1977–1981), Renault 5 Alpine Turbo (1982–1984), Renault 5 GT Turbo (1985–1990), Renault Clio 16S (1991–1996) and Renault Mégane Coupé 16V (1997–2000). The French Cup wasn't held between 2001 and 2003. This series started in 2001 as

648-675: The actual Clio cup (2001–2004, and since 2008). The series' first winner of the inaugural race for Renault 5 TLs held in Brands Hatch was Maggie Loynd in 1974. The series, was previously known as the Courier Connections Renault UK Clio Cup and supported the British Touring Car Championship . In 2024, Clio Cup GB returned to UK circuits under the MSV, (MSV Trackdays), banner. The series previously supported

684-621: The advantages of one-design to the sport of competitive glider racing . The most successful of these has been the Schweizer 1–26 class with 700 aircraft completed and flown between 1954 and 1981. Schweizer Aircraft principal Paul A Schweizer was a proponent of the One-design concept. He intended the company's 1–26 to be the aircraft to establish a one-design class in the United States. He wrote: "The true measure of pilot ability and experience

720-483: The boats are virtually identical except in details. At the same time, the formula setup allows the boats to differ much more in design while keeping a few important specifications the same. As a result, the identifier "One design" has been used more and more exclusively to denote a class that races only identical boats. Having a rigid one-design specification keeps design experimentation to a minimum and reduces cost of ownership . The popularity of one-design increased in

756-492: The body makes a glider (a vehicle without a powertrain). The final drive is the last in the set of components which delivers torque to the drive wheels . In a road vehicle, it incorporates the differential . In a railway vehicle, it sometimes incorporates the reversing gear. Examples include the Self-Changing Gears RF 28 (used in many first-generation diesel multiple units of British Railways ) and RF 11 used in

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792-612: The car following the race and was auctioned off in a Bonhams auction in 2005. The Copa Nacional Renault is the longest running racing championship on speed circuits in Spain. The championship was released in 1969 taking advantage of the beginnings of the Jarama Circuit . It was organized for much of its history by FASA-Renault and Renault Sport Spain, while in its last decade it remained active thanks to Vline, Codony Sport and Driveland Events. Its last edition with its own national regulations

828-433: The electrification of it in multiple components. Electrical energy needs to be provided, usually this leads to larger batteries. Electric motors can be found as isolated component or as part of other elements, e.g. the axle . In hybrid powertrains the torque generated by the combustion engine and the electric motor have to be brought together and distributed to the wheels. The control of this process can be quite involved but

864-443: The formula '). Some spec parts are mandated, such as tyres and sensors. NASCAR is much in the same boat, with three distinct bodies (Chevrolet, Ford and Toyota) and four distinct engines ( Hendrick , ECR , Roush Yates , TRD ) available in competition. Additionally, while IndyCar cars are all virtually identical Dallara DW12 models, the two distinct engine designs available from Chevrolet and Honda prevent IndyCar from being

900-403: The hull length overall (LOA) exceeds 27 feet (8.2 m), people generally refer to the boat as an offshore one-design boat or yacht. In other classes, the one-design class may have organized around an existing fleet of similar boats that traditionally existed together often for commercial purposes such as sailing canoes, dhows , and skipjacks , or boats that developed a common hull form over

936-517: The keel. Cutter rig with 6 ft bowsprit. Designed by H. W. White, ten were built in 1895/6 by Messrs. White Brothers of Itchen Ferry, Southampton and another twelve were built in the following year. The class enjoyed ten years of keen racing but the Metre Rule, which was introduced in 1907 effectively killed the class. The only boat still afloat is Rosenn, formally Eilun, sail number 6. Now, fully restored, she has been identified as meriting inclusion in

972-917: The rewards are greatly improved acceleration and much lower emissions. Powertrain development for diesel engines involves the following: exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and advanced combustion. Spark ignition engine development include: fuel injection , including the gasoline direct injection variant, as well as improving volumetric efficiency by using multi-valves per cylinder, variable valve timing , variable length intake manifolds , and turbocharging . Changes also include new fuel qualities (no sulphur or aromates ) to allow new combustion concepts. So-called "combined combustion systems" (CCV) or "diesotto" cycles are based on synthetic fuels (synthetic diesel, biomass to liquid (BTL) or gas to liquid (GTL)). BEVs , FCEVs and PHEV powertrains are expected to reach cost parity with ICE powertrains in 2025. The manufacturing of powertrain components and systems

1008-404: The same type of chassis, powertrain , tyres, brakes, and fuel are used by all drivers. The idea behind one-make car racing is that success will be based more on driver skill and car setup , instead of engineering skill and budget. One-make series are popular at an amateur level as they are affordable, due to the use of a common engine and chassis. Examples of one-make racing series from around

1044-437: The series that were notable outside of racing were Andrew Ridgeley of the pop group Wham! in 1985 and it introduced actor Rowan Atkinson to motorsport, which he raced seldom between 1984 and 1990. One of his races was documented for his one-off show, Driven Man . The car has since re-emerged for a reunion race in 2004, which he aimed to compete in, but had to be substituted by Perry McCarthy , due to illness. Atkinson bought

1080-578: The specification is published but the boats may only be produced by licensed manufacturers with usually only one builder in any country or region. Examples are the Olympic Finn and 470 but in both these classes a single manufacturer has succeeded in building faster boats than all other manufacturers. However, in the Optimist dinghy, one of the world's largest classes, a tighter specification introduced in 1995 /with ongoing scrutiny has resulted in boats from

1116-405: The vehicle wheels. All-electric vehicles ("electric cars") eliminate the engine altogether, relying solely on electric motors for propulsion. Occasionally the term powerplant is casually used to refer to the engine or, less often, the entire powertrain. A motor vehicle's driveline or drivetrain consists of the parts of the powertrain excluding the engine. It is the portion of a vehicle, after

Renault Clio Cup - Misplaced Pages Continue

1152-679: The world included the Dodge Viper Challenge , Ferrari Challenge , Porsche Carrera Cup and Supercup , Radical European Masters , Mini Challenge and Commodore Cup . There are also various formula categories that use one-make racing, such as Formula 2 (which since 2011 exclusively uses a car design by Dallara ), Formula Renault , Formula Mazda , Formula Car Challenge , and the W Series . The Formula One race series are not one-design nor one-make racing series as they allow participation by different manufacturers, each designing their own chassis and powertrain (within limits set by '

1188-667: The years (such as A-Scows ). In contrast to 'one-design', other sailboats race under a variety of handicapping rules and formulas developed to allow different type boats to compete against one another. Formula rules include the Square Metre Rule , the Ton class , the Universal Rule , and the Metre Rule . Handicap rules include Portsmouth Yardstick , PHRF , IOR , IMS , IRC , Americap and LYS . There have been several attempts to bring

1224-425: Was in 2020, denominating itself in its last 20 years of existence as Renault Sport Clio Cup Spain. Since 2020, the championship uses Renault Clio R.S. V with an Renault HR13 engine. One-Design One-make racing series (also known as spec racing series) are racing series in which all competitors race with identical or very similar vehicles from the same manufacturer and suppliers. Typically, this means

1260-761: Was patronised by some of the most energetic and best known yacht owners in the Solent, Portsmouth and Southampton waters including Sir Philip Hunloke, the King's yachtmaster. Formed under the auspices of the Solent Sailing Club, the class was adopted by the Royal Yacht Squadron and the Island Sailing Club in 1895. The dimensions of the boats were length overall, 33 ft 3 in; Waterline length, 25 ft; Beam, 7 ft 9 in; Draft, 5 ft; Sail area, 750 sq ft.; Displacement, 5 tons with 2 tons 13 cwt. of lead in

1296-557: Was planned for the 1940 Olympic championships. Powertrain In a motor vehicle , the powertrain comprises the main components that generate power and deliver that power to the road surface, water, or air. This includes the engine , transmission , drive shafts , differentials , and the final drive ( drive wheels , continuous track as in military tanks or caterpillar tractors, propeller , etc.). Hybrid powertrains also include one or more electric traction motors that operate to drive

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