74-670: The Clinical Practice Research Datalink ( CPRD ) is an observational and interventional research service that operates as part of the Department of Health and Social Care . It is jointly funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). CPRD is working closely with the extensive primary care, topic specific and comprehensive NIHR research networks and with NHS Digital . The programme that would develop into
148-554: A "digital front door" for patients, with increasing functionality to be added and remote consultations with GPs are to be encouraged. £25 million is to be provided in 2022/23 to support the rapid digitisation of social care, including adopting Digital Social Care Records. In response to Government spending reduction targets following the 2008-9 international financial crisis and subsequent recession , DH in common with several other Government Departments resorted to large-scale staffing reductions. In order to minimise redundancy costs,
222-456: A city), larger-area PCTs (e.g. covering a whole county), PCT clusters (e.g. quarter of London or South of Tyne and Wear) and the currently unspecified Clinical Commissioning Groups. The tendency to introduce each reorganisation before its predecessor has had time to settle down and generate improved performance has attracted censure amongst healthcare professions in the UK and beyond, including reference to
296-400: A joined-up health and social care record by March 2025 in which all clinical teams will have access to a complete view of a person's record that they can contribute to. In 2022 86% of trusts had "some form of electronic patient record" but only 45% of social care providers used a digital social care record, and 23% of care home staff cannot access the internet consistently. The NHS app is to be
370-508: A midwife), Philip Lee-Warren (formerly a Senior Medical Laboratory Scientific Officer), under the leadership of Kieran O'Mally, developed further the computerised system using the BOS Microcobol development environment. During this period the number of UK practices using the software product IGP (Integrated General Practice) expanded from a few hundred to over two and a half thousand. In return for anonymous Healthcare data, VAMP Ltd offered GPs
444-407: A number of hospitals missed the completion target, and as of June 2008 one in four NHS trusts was not meeting the government's standards on hygiene. Its advice to primary care on prescribing drugs such as proton pump inhibitors has been criticised as wasteful. The DH has attracted criticism for its handling of the outcome of Modernising Medical Careers , in particular in the changes it made to
518-726: A population of potentially up to 64 Million patients in the UK. Further access and partnerships have been established to include data sets from other European countries. The linking of anonomysed primary care data with large data registries and related data sets means the CPRD can offer a huge array of data and information for the inclusion in medical research studies. This will include areas such as; prescription drugs uses and effect, long term patient treatment strategy, long-term health benefit studies, epidemic and pandemic studies and demographic health and welfare studies. For example, an analysis of 100 million GP consultations using CPRD data in 2016 provided
592-526: A practice known in the global health context as Community Engagement and Involvement (CEI). NIHR funds research infrastructure that provides expertise, specialist facilities, a delivery workforce and support services. This infrastructure supports and delivers research funded by government bodies, medical research charities, the life sciences industry and other relevant industries. NIHR coordinates and supports clinical research through its Research Delivery Network (RDN). With 12 regional networks across England,
666-560: A priority topic, for example blood donation, healthcare-associated infections , and adult social care. Supporting the UK International Development Strategy and the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals , NIHR launched its Global Health portfolio in 2016. It funds applied health research that directly addresses the diverse health needs of people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) using UK Aid from
740-808: A single authority the medical and public health functions of central government. This took on the medical duties of the Board of Education , the duties of the Privy Council under the Midwives Acts, the powers of the Home Secretary in relation to the Children Act 1908 ( 8 Edw. 7 . c. 67), and the duties of the Insurance Commissioners and the Welsh Insurance Commissioners. In the early part of
814-480: Is a criminal justice matter and is devolved. National Institute for Health and Care Research The National Institute for Health and Care Research ( NIHR ) is the British government's major funder of clinical , public health , social care and translational research . With a budget of over £1.2 billion in 2020–21, its mission is to "improve the health and wealth of the nation through research". The NIHR
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#1732894671015888-535: Is not clear progress by November 2009, a new plan could be hatched. On the eve of the departure of Fujitsu as an outsourcing partner, Connelly said in April 2009 that she would open up sourcing to competition at "acute" sites in the south of England and offer toolkits by March 2010 to allow more local configuration of systems. In January 2009, MPs criticised DH for its confidentiality agreement with key supplier CSC and in March
962-736: Is now mainly occupied by staff from the department's arms-length bodies. New King's Beam House near Blackfriars Bridge was formerly a Department of Health office prior to the expiry of its lease in October 2011. Alexander Fleming House , Hannibal House and Eileen House (all in Elephant and Castle) were previously used by the department. The archives are at Nelson , Lancashire. The Department of Health and Social Care's ministers are as follows, with cabinet ministers in bold: - overall financial control and oversight of NHS delivery and performance - oversight of social care policy The permanent secretary at
1036-707: Is the Research Professorship which funds the clinical and applied health research of outstanding academics for 5-years. Similarly, the Global Health Research Professorship funds research that benefits low and middle income countries. Responsibility for the NIHR lies with the Chief Scientific Advisor to the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC). Professor Sally Davies (Dame Sally from 2009) held this post from 2004 to 2016, and led
1110-668: The 2018 British cabinet reshuffle , the department was renamed the Department of Health and Social Care. The department's headquarters and ministerial offices are at 39 Victoria Street , London . The department moved from its previous location in Richmond House , Whitehall in November 2017. Its other principal offices are Skipton House ( Elephant and Castle ), Wellington House near Waterloo station and Quarry House in Leeds . Wellington House
1184-704: The Local Government Act 1894 became rural and urban district councils. With the emergence of modern local government, some of its supervision was done by the Local Government Act Office, part of the Home Office. The Ministry of Health Act 1919 abolished the Local Government Board and transferred its powers and duties to a new department called the Ministry of Health, which consolidated under
1258-684: The Medicines Control Agency (MCA) took over. This agency became the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) on 1 April 2003 following a merger with the Medical Devices Agency (MDA). Since then, use of the database has expanded within the UK and overseas. The GPRD was run as a sub-division of the MHRA. Following initiatives by the Director, Dr John Parkinson, the utility of GPRD
1332-568: The NHS Digital , and executive agencies such as the UK Health Security Agency and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). The DHSC also manages the work of the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). The expenditure, administration and policy of the department are scrutinised by the Health and Social Care Select Committee . Like many others,
1406-598: The Privy Council . Responsibility for health issues was also in part vested in local health boards , which existed from 1848 to 1894. In 1871, the Local Government Board was created to supervise such local functions as health and sanitation and also took over the functions of the Poor Law Board , which was abolished. The Public Health Act 1875 ( 38 & 39 Vict. c. 55) designated sanitary districts , which by
1480-747: The Scottish Government , Welsh Government or Northern Ireland Executive . It oversees the English National Health Service (NHS). The department is led by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care with three ministers of state and three parliamentary under-secretaries of state . The department develops policies and guidelines to improve the quality of care and to meet patient expectations. It carries out some of its work through arms-length bodies (ALBs) , including executive non-departmental public bodies such as NHS England and
1554-531: The University of Oxford or the University College London . The NIHR has also established Clinical Research Facilities (CRFs), dedicated spaces for delivering research and trials, at 28 NHS hospitals. The NIHR also funds three Patient Safety Translational Research Centres which focus on translating discoveries on patient safety into practice. Researching specific regional health and care issues,
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#17328946710151628-552: The "Plan for Growth". On 29 March 2012, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency and the Department of Health's National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) launched the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). On the launch of CPRD, Sir Kent Woods , Chief Executive of the MHRA said, "The Clinical Practice Research Datalink will provide new data and research services that will improve
1702-687: The 2006 Best Research for Best Health strategy, outlined the updated operational principles, core work-streams and areas of strategic focus of the NIHR. Their work-streams include funding research for the NHS, public and global health and social care ; investing in expertise and facilities; and involving patients and communities in research . Their current areas of strategic focus include learning from impact of COVID-19 on research and healthcare; researching for patients with multiple long-term conditions , involving under-served communities and regions in research; and improving equality, diversity and inclusion across
1776-447: The 20th century, medical assistance had been provided through these National Health Insurance Commissions. Most of the Local Government Board staff transferred to the new ministry. The co-ordination of local medical services was expanded in connection with emergency and wartime services, from 1935 to 1945, and these developments culminated in the establishment of the NHS in 1948. In 1968,
1850-559: The Blair administration.The NHS as of 1 April 2013 is no longer situated within the DH, as NHS England also went 'live' at the same time. Therefore, the DH has a further scrutiny role of NHS services and commissioning. In recent years the Department of Health and the NHS have come under considerable scrutiny for its use of IT. Since being elected to power in 1997 the Labour government had sought to modernise
1924-401: The British economy to become more internationally competitive. As part of this initiative The Government pledged to build a consensus on using e-health record data to create a unique position for the UK in health research. Following the announcement by the chancellor on the "Plan for Growth", a commissioned study entitled the "Research Capability Programme" was initiated with the aim of assessing
1998-460: The CPRD and predecessors have been published and a list of published papers can be found at CPRD Research The CPRD offers a range of interventional research services to facilitate the running of clinical trials. The primary health care data collected by the CPRD is taken from participating GP surgeries in the United Kingdom . Personal identifiers are not collected, protecting the privacy of
2072-468: The CPRD research team has built a reputation for conducting high-end research projects, from protocol development, gaining approvals for research, data analysis and report and publication writing. The research capacity is such that the CPRD has the resource and expertise to undertake research projects on behalf of customers or independently, for a variety of undertakings from the commercial regulatory, charitable and academic sectors. A huge range of studies from
2146-736: The DH for a position in the Cabinet Office in June 2009 and was replaced by Tim Donohoe and Carol Clarke. Connelly's role was to "deliver the Department's overall information strategy and integrating leadership across the NHS", according to the DH's website. That strategy, known as the National Programme for IT, is intended to do nothing less than revolutionise NHS information workflow and is costed at about £12.7bn. The success or otherwise of Connelly's reign will be based on her promise to end delays of electronic medical records. She has said that if there
2220-616: The Department of Health and Social Care is Sir Christopher Wormald KCB, who was appointed in 2016. Previous permanent secretaries: Following the resignation of Sir Nigel Crisp in March 2006, a separate post of Chief Executive of the National Health Service in England was created, held by Sir David Nicholson . Following the Health and Social Care Act 2012 and the creation of the independent NHS Commissioning Board, known as NHS England , this post has evolved into Chief Executive of
2294-456: The Department of Health was criticised by infection control experts and by the Lancet as a gimmick which failed to address the causes of in-hospital infections, by the firms doing the work as an attempt to avoid paying for regular better cleaning, and by NHS managers as ineffective. It also attracted criticism because only a quarter of the £60m funding for the scheme went to hospitals, and because
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2368-494: The Institution. The NIHR's funding programmes offer a focused source of funding for researchers within the health and care system in England. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland also participate in some of these programmes. The programmes give researchers access to funding to undertake clinical and applied health and social care research. NIHR's funding programmes are: The NIHR has established three national research schools:
2442-408: The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. The CPRD builds on its predecessors' capabilities and aims to provide a range of services and products in the areas of medical research and public health care. Fundamental to the work of the CPRD is the collection and linkage of anonymised data sets and provision of research services. The CPRD utilises the maximum benefit of linked data sets and
2516-494: The Ministry of Health was dissolved and its functions transferred (along with those of the similarly dissolved Ministry of Social Security) to the newly created Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS). Twenty years later, in 1988, these functions were split back into two government departments, forming the Department of Social Security (DSS) and the Department of Health, formally created in through The Transfer of Functions (Health and Social Security) Order 1988. Following
2590-612: The NHS prompted criticism of the government and the Department of Health, claiming that it paved the way for user charging, and so contradicting the NHS Plan 2000 which stated that "user charges are unfair and inequitable in they increase the proportion of funding from the unhealthy, old and poor compared with the healthy, young and wealthy". The report also introduces the concept of personal budgets . Darzi's report splits previously integrated services into 'core', 'additional' and 'enhanced' services, which critics say will lead to abandoning
2664-470: The NHS through the introduction of IT. Although the policy is correct in aim, many claim its execution is lacking. In September 2008 a new leadership team was established, CIO for Health, Christine Connelly, and director of programme and system delivery Martin Bellamy. Previous CIO Richard Granger was believed to have been the most highly paid civil servant in the UK and was a controversial figure. Connelly left
2738-749: The NIHR Academy and the Research Programme Directors are also contracted by the DHSC. The NIHR publishes five peer-reviewed , open access journals which make up the NIHR Journals Library. The journals are titled Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation, Health and Social Care Delivery Research, Health Technology Assessment , Public Health Research, and Programme Grants for Applied Research. Researchers working in relevant, NIHR-funded projects are required to publish in an NIHR journal. Besides publishing
2812-520: The NIHR has a network of 15 Applied Research Collaborations (ARCs). The ARCs are made up of partnerships between universities, NHS providers, local authorities and other organisations. Based at NHS organisations, the NIHR Medtech and In vitro diagnostic Co-operatives (MICs) work with commercial companies on developing new medical technologies and research in vitro diagnostic tests. Established by its Office for Clinical Research Infrastructure in 2011,
2886-420: The NIHR has eight Translational Research Collaborations – ready-formed networks of the UK's leading universities, NHS trusts and research centres that conduct early-phase translational research and tackle experimental medicine challenges in selected therapeutic themes. The NIHR Academy, launched in 2018, develops and coordinates the NIHR's academic training, career and research capacity development. Its launch
2960-697: The RDN provides help to patients, the public and health and care organisations to participate in research. In 2021-22, the network recruited more than a million participants to clinical research studies, most of whom were taking part in research to help discover new treatments and vaccines for the COVID-19 pandemic. Since 2007, the NIHR also supports translating scientific developments into direct clinical treatments and applications through its twenty Biomedical Research Centres (BRCs). The BRCs operate as partnerships between local NHS organisations and academic institutions such as
3034-642: The School for Primary Care Research, the School for Social Care Research, and the School for Public Health Research. Each national school is a research collaboration between academic centres in England. The three schools take part in developing evidence for use in practice and provide training and career development opportunities for researchers in their respective sectors. NIHR funds a range of university-based collaborations that undertake research in priority areas: blood and organ donor health, health protection, and health and social care policy. Each unit focuses on
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3108-410: The UK government. As well as funding Global Health Research Units and Groups, partnerships between British universities and LMIC institutions, NIHR invests in training and development in global health research and strengthening the research capacity of LMICs at individual, institutional and system level. Engaging and involving local communities in the design and delivery of health research is also part of
3182-416: The UK's health system to provide researchers with access to high quality anonymous primary and secondary health care data. The data collected allows researchers access to a wealth of information including; The NHS provides, free at the point of delivery, healthcare to a population of 52 Million in England. With access to the data sets of NHS in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland the CPRD can provide
3256-400: The available research capabilities of the UK and future potential growth areas in this sector. An opportunity was identified for the collaboration of the Department of Health and the MHRA in creating a joint research service, based upon consolidating and expanding existing independent services. The new service, known as the CPRD has been developed to meet the expectations and criteria outlined by
3330-471: The cash equivalent of GBP 500 a month in order to build the VAMP research databank for research purposes. As of 1988, the VAMP research databank comprised 57 practices and 543,100 patients. This figure was doubled to 1.2 million in 1990. One year later, 970 practices allowed VAMP to access their data, while about 1000 practices had a straightforward maintenance agreement with VAMP. In November 1993, its parent company
3404-647: The current organisation was initially developed by an Essex general practitioner , Dr Alan Dean , to facilitate day-to-day management of his own general practice, in collaboration with IT staff at the BATA shoe factory in East Tilbury near to his practice. Early programmers included a Czech programmer Jan Boda . In 1987 a venture capital company was set up, named Value Added Information Medical Products Ltd (VAMP) to recruit other practices and form an information base. The early development team of three, Marcella Devenish (formerly
3478-654: The department was admonished by the Information Commissioner for its records management. In May 2011, Prime Minister David Cameron announced that he was considering scrapping the project. In 2022 Sajid Javid launched the Plan for Digital Health and Social Care , which includes "regulatory levers" will be used to: "signal that digitisation is a priority, identify the non-negotiable standards of digital capability, [and] explain how we will monitor and support compliance". Integrated care systems will be required to put in place
3552-410: The department with responsibility for the nation's health has had different names and has included other functions at different times. In the 19th century, several bodies were formed for specific consultative duties and were dissolved when they were no longer required. There were two incarnations of a Board of Health, in 1805 and 1831, and from 1854 to 1858 a General Board of Health reported directly to
3626-555: The final research articles, the NIHR Journals Library supports the model of open science by providing a transparent, 'living' document for each research project which is updated alongside the progress of the study. This involves publishing all relevant materials from the outset of the studies, including the relevant systematic reviews , research protocol , study documentation, plain English descriptions , and data . The NIHR publishes short, easy-to-read summaries and thematic overviews of
3700-492: The first substantial evidence of the increase in GP clinical workload in England. The CPRD has a range of research experience and expertise including: The CPRD provides consulting services for a range of research activities. Provided by an experienced internal team, the research service offers advice on research methodology and research governance as well as a host of other services. Drawing from its expertise and predecessors' experience
3774-454: The founding of the NIHR in 2006. She was succeeded by Professor Chris Whitty (who has also been Chief Medical Officer for England since 2019). Since August 2021, the current holder of the post is Lucy Chappell , Professor of Obstetrics at King's College London . For operating the NIHR, the DHSC contracts with a number of NHS Trusts , universities and life science organisations that host NIHR's two coordinating centres: The Dean of
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#17328946710153848-547: The health of patients and also make the UK a world leader in life sciences research." David Willetts , Minister for Universities and Science, said, "The UK is a world leader in life sciences, but both the research base and industry tell us that we could make better use of data in order to drive medical breakthroughs. The Clinical Practice Research Datalink will provide researchers with access to safeguarded data that respects patient confidentiality. This will give valuable insights into serious health conditions and ultimately help reduce
3922-529: The individuals from whom the data comes. Data collected includes; Department of Health and Social Care The Department of Health and Social Care ( DHSC ) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom . It is responsible for government policy on health and adult social care matters in England, along with a few elements of the same matters which are not otherwise devolved to
3996-419: The ironic concept of 'redisorganization'. Andrew Lansley 's promise before the 2010 general election not to impose top-down reorganisation, followed by the instigation from ministerial level of one of the most fundamental NHS reorganisations yet envisaged , has generated especially widespread opprobrium, although some commentators have also suggested that this is to some extent completing the job started under
4070-736: The most important research findings on the NIHR Evidence website. Some of the summaries are also published in The British Medical Journal . The NIHR also has an open science platform where researchers can share any kind of relevant articles, documents and data including negative or null results . NIHR has an open access policy and was one of the original funders of Europe PubMed Central . Their updated policy requires all NIHR-funded, peer-reviewed research articles submitted after June 2022 have to be immediately, freely and openly accessible to all. The articles are required to use
4144-726: The new organisation. The department has six chief professional officers who provide it with expert knowledge and also advise the Ministers, other government departments and the Prime Minister . The Chief Medical Officer and Chief Nursing Officer are also directors of the department's board. The department acts as a 'steward' for the health and adult social care system in England and oversees fifteen arms-length bodies (ALBs) : The department has two executive agencies : The department has thirteen executive non-departmental public bodies : The publication of Professor Lord Darzi 's review of
4218-442: The open-ended duty of care on which the NHS was founded. Fatal outbreaks of antibiotic-resistant bacteria ("superbugs"), such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridioides difficile , in NHS hospitals has led to criticism in 2008 of the department's decision to outsource cleaning via private finance initiative contracts as "cutting corners on cleaning". A "Deep Clean" initiative announced by
4292-512: The position of Head of the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism at Imperial College London . The award of NIHR Senior Investigator is given to recognise "the most prominent and prestigious researchers funded by the NIHR and the most outstanding leaders of patient and people-based research within the NIHR research community", and held for four years with the possibility of a second term and then alumnus status. The NIHR's flagship award
4366-449: The predominant impact was upon DH staff not employed through a traditional civil service 'headcount' contract, with a resultant emphasised effect upon more recent or innovative work-streams dependent upon seconded or externally hosted staff. This has attracted criticism from several of the professional and patient communities of interest concerned, for instance as regards the impact upon Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) and
4440-659: The programme. In accordance with NIHR's open access policy , research created with such funding needs to be published in an open access journal. NIHR's global health spendings can be checked through the database of the International Aid Transparency Initiative . Since 2020, NIHR's global health research units and groups have been involved in efforts to tackle the spread and impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in LMICs. The NIHR offers several ways for patients and
4514-434: The public about what health and care research is and to help them find studies that are looking for participants. Patients and the public can also contribute to research through patient and public involvement (PPI). PPI is a partnership between members of the public (including patients, service users, carers) and researchers where public representatives can influence what should be a priority for research and help shape how
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#17328946710154588-497: The public to participate in health and care research. People can take part in a study as a research participant , for example in a clinical trial that looks for new treatments for a health condition. People who are not affected by a particular condition or who care for someone with a long-term health issue can also take part in research. The NIHR runs the online services Be Part of Research and Join Dementia Research to inform
4662-526: The research is carried out, applied and communicated. Members of the public can find involvement opportunities in NIHR's research through the database People in Research . The website Learning for Involvement also offers information and resources for learning about public involvement and best practice case studies. The NIHR's global health research funding application process also requires applicants to meaningfully involve affected communities in their research,
4736-423: The responsibility for medical training be removed from the DH. Successive DH ministerial teams have been criticised for repeated reorganisations of the NHS in England, where primary care commissioning responsibility, in particular, has been allocated to four different sets of organisations in the last ten years: PCGs, small area primary care trusts (PCTs) (e.g. covering a rural local authority district or part of
4810-480: The specialist training of doctors and the Medical Training Application Service (MTAS). These changes left "29,193 junior doctors from the UK and overseas... chasing 15,600 posts..." and resulted in accusations that the DH had broken the law by refusing to reveal scores to candidates. Ultimately there was a judicial review and a boycott of the system by senior doctors across the country. MTAS
4884-500: The spread of New Public Management thinking and increased government funding. Its budget was over £1.2 billion in 2020–21. As of 2016 it was the largest national clinical research funder in Europe. In 2022 NIHR changed its name to National Institute for Health and Care Research in order to emphasise its role in social care research. In June 2021 NIHR published Best Research for Best Health: The Next Chapter. The document, building on
4958-632: The time it takes to develop new treatments." The GPRD became part of the data services provision from CPRD. At its launch in April 2012, CPRD was established as the new, England-wide NHS observational and interventional research service. It has built on the research developments of the GPRD, and also the Health Research Support Service (HRSS) previously managed by the NIHR Research Capability Program. CPRD remains housed within
5032-546: The withdrawal of the practical assistance available to the NHS and local authorities via the national support teams . Most health policy in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland is devolved to the department's counterparts: The comparability factor (the proportion of spending in this area which is devolved) was 99.5% for all three countries for 2021/22. A number of health issues are, however, wholly or partly reserved to Westminster: In Northern Ireland, abortion law
5106-488: Was acquired by Reuters Health Information , which donated the database to the Department of Health in 1994, at which time it became General Practice Research Database (GPRD) and contained data from 650 practices (4.4 million active patients). At this time, there were two licensees of the data: Dr Alan Dean, and Professor Hershel Jick . Then the database was operated by the Office for National Statistics until 1999, at which point
5180-420: Was an output and recommendation of the strategic review of training which looked at the future training and support needs of researchers. The NIHR Academy provides training and career development awards from pre-doctoral level to research professorships. As of 2021 the Dean of the NIHR Academy is Professor Waljit Dhillo , Professor in Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Consultant Endocrinologist. He also holds
5254-418: Was created in April 2006 under the government's health research strategy, Best Research for Best Health. This strategy outlined the direction that NIHR research and development should take. Its predecessor was the NHS Research & Development programme which was established in 1991. Factors influencing the creation of the NIHR were the growing importance of evidence-based medicine in science and policymaking,
5328-548: Was dramatically enhanced by linkage to other datasets on an individual patient level. External datasets included the Hospital Episode Statistics , death certificates, the national cancer registry and MINAP (cardiovascular disease) registry. Additionally the dataset became that of choice by the FDA and most major pharma companies. In March 2011, The Government launched its ‘Plan for Growth’ which details steps needed to enable
5402-610: Was established in 2006 under the government's Best Research for Best Health strategy, and is funded by the Department of Health and Social Care . As a research funder and research partner of the NHS , public health and social care, the NIHR complements the work of the Medical Research Council . NIHR focuses on translational research (translating discoveries from the laboratory to the clinic), clinical research and applied health and social care research. The NIHR (originally named National Institute for Health Research )
5476-579: Was eventually scrapped and Patricia Hewitt , the then Secretary of State for Health, resigned following accusations that she had lied to the House of Commons over the system. Even after the abolition of MTAS, anger among the medical profession continued, with the British Medical Association commenting of the DH response that "Not only is this response too late, it does not go far enough". The official government inquiry into MMC recommended that
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