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39-501: Before 1853, the railroads serving the city each maintained its own small depot. The first union depot cost $ 75,000 (equivalent to $ 2.75 million in 2023), and consisted of a group of wooden sheds centrally located at the foot of the hill where Bank (current-day West 6th) and Water (current-day West 9th) Streets met the lake shore. This depot was built from 1851 to 1853, and partially burned in 1864. The remaining structures were retained for housing, cleaning, and repairing train cars, and

78-403: A mile from the station, the six tracks split into two mainlines of four tracks. One mainline turns west, while the other turns northwest. West Line trains take the west tracks, while Northwest and North Line trains take the northwest tracks. Out-of-service trains use the west mainline to access yards and maintenance facilities. The Chicago and North Western Terminal has served as a terminal for all

117-559: A replacement station was constructed of masonry nearby. It opened in 1866, with a final cost of $ 475,000 (equivalent to $ 9.88 million in 2023), and was dedicated on November 10 of that year. The opening was celebrated with a banquet for 300 in the station's dining hall. In 1867, the depot's tower was constructed. During the Civil War , the station was utilized to transport thousands of soldiers to training camps. Additionally, in December 1863,

156-552: A survey to determine the condition. The examination included necessary repairs to improve its structural integrity and redesign measures to bring the station up to modern mass-commuting standards. After completing a thorough evaluation, Metra, the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, and the Illinois Department of Transportation decided to completely replace the existing structure and in 1992, with

195-439: A unified paid area , where ticket gates are shared between all operators serving the station, or separate paid areas, where different operators have individual paid areas, thus requiring commuters to exit a paid area and then enter another to transfer between different operators. In North America , a union station is usually owned by a separate corporation whose shares are owned by the different railways which use it, so that

234-497: Is Toronto Union Station , which serves over 72 million passengers annually. The first union station building was Columbus Union Station in 1851, though Indianapolis Union Station , planned in 1848 and built in 1853, had more elements of a cooperative union station. In most countries in Europe , throughout much of the 20th century, railways have been owned and operated by state enterprises . Where only one railway company exists, there

273-590: Is a misnomer, as stations administratively classified as "Hauptbahnhof" need not be served by multiple operators. Many major stations in Germany are served by various trains operated by incumbent Deutsche Bahn and other railways that operate local passenger trains, sometimes also by railway companies of neighbor states that operate trans-border connections; a special term like union station is usually not used. The stations are generally owned and operated by DB Station&Service . As another example, Leipzig Hauptbahnhof ,

312-406: Is done so that departing and arriving trains do not have to make large switch movements, which would block the use of other tracks and prevent multiple trains from arriving and departing at the same time. Just north of the station, the number of tracks reduces from 16 to six. Switches allow for trains on any of the 16 station tracks to end up on any of these six tracks, and vice versa. About a third of

351-694: Is in Zone 1. More than 106,000 people board Metra trains at Ogilvie Transportation Center each day. Bus connections can be made on Madison Street or Washington Boulevard via the Citigroup Center or through a lower level concourse accessible by the track platforms between Washington Boulevard and Randolph Street with entrances at Canal and Clinton Streets. Connections can also be made at the Union Station bus terminal via an entrance to Union Station's north concourse on Madison Street. Ogilvie offers two connections to

390-596: Is no need for a "joint station". However, before nationalisation many companies existed and sometimes they had "joint stations". In some cases this persists today. "Joint stations" are often found near borders where two state-owned railway companies meet. In German-speaking countries , the similar term Gemeinschaftsbahnhof is used in administrative language only; it applies for stations with joint facilities as well as for stations with side-by-side facilities; some border stations also fall under that term. The general public often call them " Hauptbahnhof " (main station), but this

429-662: The Fukuoka City Subway 's Kūkō Line . Joint-use stations may also be built at places where railway lines operated by different companies share the same tracks, as is the case from Meguro Station to Shirokane-Takanawa Station in Tokyo , which is shared between the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line and the Toei Mita Line . Depending on the extent of agreements reached by the different operators, joint-use stations may feature

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468-609: The Nickel Plate Railroad , persuaded the city and the other passenger railroads (except the Pennsylvania) to allow construction of a new train station as part of a retail and office complex at Public Square . This broke ground in 1922/23 and when Cleveland Union Terminal opened in 1930, Union Depot lost the bulk of its traffic. In 1946 it was renamed Pennsylvania Station. Only the Pennsylvania Railroad continued to use

507-736: The North Branch of the Chicago River . The new station, in the Renaissance Revival style, was designed by Frost and Granger, also the architects for the 1903 LaSalle Street Station . The Tyler & Hippach Mirror Company Factory was moved 168 feet east and 52 feet south to make room for the station's construction. At the time, this was the largest building ever moved. The station's 16 tracks were elevated above street level and "reached by six approach tracks and sheltered under an 894-foot-long [272 meter] Bush train shed." The upper level of

546-655: The commuter and intercity trains of the Chicago and North Western Railway. In addition, on November 9, 1969, the day after Grand Central Station closed, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and Pere Marquette Railway , Grand Central's two remaining users, moved their remaining intercity services into the C&;NW's terminal. Those trains, which used the C&NW's branch to the St. Charles Air Line west of Western Avenue , last ran on April 30, 1971,

585-408: The head house housed a concourse and other facilities for intercity passengers, including "dressing rooms, baths, nurses and matrons rooms, and a doctor's office". The centerpiece of the upper level was a stately waiting room, measuring 201 by 202 feet (34 by 62 meters), and rising 84 feet (approx. 26 meters) to its barrel vaulted ceiling. In addition to the main concourse on the upper level, there

624-483: The 1890s, Union Depot was too small for the number of trains and people coming into Cleveland daily, and as it deteriorated and accumulated soot and ash, it became an embarrassment to many citizens. Plans for another depot, part of Cleveland's Group Plan , were begun, though were not completed. In the mid-1900s, the depot was renovated, which included removal of the arched train shed, replaced by individual canopies over each platform. The Van Sweringen brothers , owners of

663-456: The 1970s, but commuter services on the three ex-CNW mainlines, Metra's UP District lines, continue to terminate here. The tracks are elevated above street level. The old CNW terminal building was replaced in the mid 1980s with a modern skyscraper, the 500 West Madison Street building. The modern building occupies two square city blocks, bounded by Randolph Street and Madison Street to the north and south and by Canal Street and Clinton Street to

702-662: The C&NW, including the Overland Limited and the famed City trains ( City of San Francisco , City of Los Angeles , Portland Rose) (operations of all Union Pacific intercity passenger trains would be turned over to the C&NW's rival, the Milwaukee Road ). Other less famous trains such as the Corn King Special (Omaha), Viking (Milwaukee, Green Bay, and Minneapolis/St Paul), and Columbine (Denver). In 1939, there were 38 inter-city departures each business day. In 1984,

741-540: The Cleveland's Soldiers Aid Society constructed the Soldier's Home, a shelter and relief center offering food, clothing, shelter, and medical care to soldiers. U.S. President Abraham Lincoln used the terminal in departing Cleveland during his first inaugural tour throughout the country, on his way to Washington, D. C. After the war, the station was used to carry Lincoln's body on his funeral train to Springfield, Illinois. By

780-634: The U.S., union stations are typically used by all the passenger trains serving a city, although exceptions exist. For example, in Chicago , the Illinois Central and Chicago & North Western depots coexisted with Union Station , and although most Metra commuter trains (and all Amtrak services) continue to use Union Station today, some lines depart from other terminals, such as Ogilvie Transportation Center , LaSalle Street Station , or Millennium Station . The busiest station to be named "Union Station"

819-628: The Union Pacific railways, which managed the station in Denver, Colorado. Ogilvie Transportation Center The Richard B. Ogilvie Transportation Center ( / ˈ oʊ ɡ ə l v iː / ), on the site of the former Chicago and North Western Terminal , is a commuter rail terminal in downtown Chicago, Illinois . For the last century, this site has served as the primary terminal for the Chicago and North Western Railway and its successors Union Pacific and Metra . Intercity services had disappeared by

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858-400: The assistance of Federal funding, a contractor and management team were selected to begin the work. Many engineering challenges had to be addressed and resolved, not only because of the train shed's prominent location but also due to its high traffic volume as it was to remain operational to 45,000 daily commuters during the project. Such challenges included the removal of original lead paint,

897-677: The companies may reach an agreement to entrust one of the companies to manage the entire station, resulting in the establishment of a joint-use station. In contrast, an interchange station ( 乗換駅 , Norikae-eki ) in Japan is where different sections of a station are managed by different companies at the same time. Many joint-use stations in Japan are located at or near the boundary of two railway lines operated by different companies that operate through services to each other, such as Meinohama Station in Fukuoka , where JR Kyushu 's Chikuhi Line meets

936-479: The complete replacement of all 16 tracks which served 200 trains a day, extensive structural steel repairs (under load), erection of a new steel canopy, complete exterior masonry restoration, new electrical and plumbing systems, and construction of a new pedestrian concourse. During the rehabilitation project, which lasted four years and cost $ 138 million, over 60 contractors spent more than 800,000 man-hours performing repairs and producing new construction. The station

975-416: The costs and benefits of its operations are shared proportionately among them. This contrasts with the system of trackage rights or running rights , where one railway company owns a line or facility, but allows another company to share it under a contractual agreement. However, the company that owns the union station and associated trackage does assign trackage rights to the railroads that use it. Many of

1014-492: The day before Amtrak took over most intercity passenger trains in the U.S. Amtrak services over the lines of those two railroads have run into Union Station . Metra's three Union Pacific District lines – the Union Pacific North Line , Union Pacific Northwest Line and Union Pacific West Line – now provide regular commuter rail service along three former C&NW lines. In Metra's zone-based fare schedule, Ogilvie

1053-548: The east and west. It is the second busiest rail station in Chicago, after nearby Union Station , the sixth-busiest railway station in North America, and the third-busiest station (after Grand Central Terminal and Jamaica station in New York City) that exclusively serves commuter traffic. The Chicago and North Western Railway built the Chicago and North Western Terminal in 1911 to replace its Wells Street Station across

1092-542: The extension of Buštěhradská dráha from Hostivice (1872) and Pražsko-duchcovská dráha (the Railroad Prague – Duchcov , 1873). Nowadays the "společné nádraží" forms an unremarkable separate platform of the station Praha-Smíchov , known in timetables as "Praha-Smíchov severní nástupiště" (the northern platform). "Společné nádraží" was built 1845–1848 at Brno . "Společné nádraží" was at Železná Ruda as well, station at border Bavaria – Austro-Hungarian Empire . It

1131-411: The head house was razed and replaced with the glass-and-steel 42-story Citicorp Center (now Accenture Tower ), which was completed three years later in 1987. Metra service was maintained with only minor interruptions during construction – following the example of the demolition and replacement of New York Penn Station . In 1991 Metra purchased the train shed from Chicago and North Western and conducted

1170-758: The jointly owned stations were built by terminal railroads . Examples include the Ogden Union Railway & Depot Company, jointly owned by Southern Pacific and Union Pacific to manage the Ogden Union Station in Ogden, Utah; and the Denver Terminal Railway Company, representing the Denver & Rio Grande Western , Chicago Burlington & Quincy , Atchison Topeka & Santa Fe , Colorado & Southern and Chicago Rock Island & Pacific and

1209-529: The largest building under one roof, and the largest train station, in the United States. It retained those records until Grand Central Depot was built in New York City in 1871. Thereafter it retained recognition as the largest terminal west of New York City. It was also among the first buildings to use structural iron, and had Berea Sandstone exterior walls. Its most iconic feature was a 96-foot clocktower on

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1248-518: The main station of Leipzig , originally consisted of side-by-side parts that were used by the Prussian and Saxonian Railways until the federal Deutsche Reichsbahn was founded in 1920, but were essentially two stations operated separately by the two neighbors. In Bohemia (part of the territory of the Czech Republic today) some stations were called the "společné nádraží" (the common station) before

1287-438: The old station, until September 1953. The building was razed in 1959. The station was constructed along Cleveland's lake front with Lake Erie , between modern-day 6th and 9th Streets, close to the current Amtrak station . The 1866 depot was designed and constructed by industrialist and railroad director Amasa Stone . At the time of its construction, the building measured 603 by 180 feet (184 m × 55 m), making it

1326-407: The platforms are the same length; the platforms on the western part of the station (tracks 1–10) are significantly longer than the eastern platforms. In general, West Line trains depart from the western platforms (roughly tracks 1–5), Northwest Line trains depart from the middle tracks (6–10), and North Line trains depart from the eastern tracks (11–15). (Track 16 is seldom used by revenue trains.) This

1365-524: The south facade, topped with a tin-covered dome. Union station A union station , union terminal , joint station , or joint-use station is a railway station at which the tracks and facilities are shared by two or more separate railway companies , allowing passengers to connect conveniently between them. The term 'union station' is used in North America and 'joint station' is used in Europe. In

1404-547: The state took over the private railway companies. "Praha-Smíchov společné nádraží" is to this day the functional name of the second station built in 1872 by the same investor near the first station Smíchov of the Pražská západní dráha ( Prague Western Railroad ). The new station served as the main marshalling yard of Prague . Three routes flowed into it: Pražská spojovací dráha (the Prague Connecting Railroad, 1872),

1443-469: Was a street-level concourse for commuters. During the heyday of rail travel, the Chicago and North Western Terminal was home to the C&NW's trains to Milwaukee , Minneapolis-St Paul , Madison and other cities of the upper Midwest, including the railroad's premier 400 series of trains. Until October 30, 1955, it was also the Chicago terminus of the trains the Union Pacific ran in conjunction with

1482-603: Was in operation 1878–1938. Nowadays the largest stations are called "hlavní nádraží" (main station). In the United Kingdom , before the railways were nationalised in 1948, stations shared by multiple operators were referred to as "joint stations", but is not as familiar or as well understood as "union station" is in the United States. In Japan, such a railway station is referred to as a joint-use station ( 共同使用駅 , Kyōdō shiyō-eki ) . At railway junctions where two or more railway lines operated by different companies meet,

1521-946: Was renamed the Ogilvie Transportation Center in 1997, two years after the C&NW merged into the Union Pacific Railroad. The station was named for Richard B. Ogilvie , a board member of the Milwaukee Road (the C&;NW 's rival and competing neighbor) and a lifelong railroad proponent, who, as governor of Illinois , created the Regional Transportation Authority , which is the parent agency of Metra. Many longtime Chicago-area residents still call it "North Western Station", and many longtime employees simply call it "CPT" – short for "Chicago Passenger Terminal". The station has 16 tracks with eight island platforms, each island platform servicing two tracks. Not all

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