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71-474: Clean Edge , a clean technology research firm, describes clean technology "a diverse range of products, services, and processes that harness renewable materials and energy sources, dramatically reduce the use of natural resources, and cut or eliminate emissions and wastes." Clean Edge notes that, "Clean technologies are competitive with, if not superior to, their conventional counterparts. Many also offer significant additional benefits, notably their ability to improve

142-405: A "dynamic resilient grid." Smart grids are an important technology in smart cities. The improved flexibility of the smart grid permits greater penetration of highly variable renewable energy sources such as solar power and wind power. Energy Data Management Systems (EDMS) can help to save cities energy by recording data and using it to increase efficiency. For a smart city to function, it

213-535: A city saves time and flexibility by driving, the resultant excessive driving of the community causes traffic congestion and environmental issues . This situation is worsened when public transportation services get little attention due to the use of personal vehicles. Philosophical predecessors of smart cities can be found in utopian works such as New Atlantis (1626). Another was Ebenezer Howard 's 1898 concept of Garden Cities . These were dense, size-limited cities founded in rural areas by private groups, combining

284-416: A clean technology sector. Venture capital and crowdfunding platforms are crucial sources for developing ventures that lead to the introduction of new technologies. In the last decade, startups have significantly contributed to the increase in installed capacity for solar and wind power. The trendsetting firms that design new technologies and devise strategies for the industry to excel and to be more resilient in

355-567: A competitive advantage. Through building their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) goals, they participate in using clean technology and other means by promoting Sustainability. Fortune Global 500 firms spend around $ 20 billion a year on CSR activities in 2018. Silicon Valley , Tel Aviv and Stockholm were ranked as leading ecosystystems in the field of clean technology. According to data in 2024, there are over 750,000 international patent families (IPFs) focused on clean and sustainable technologies worldwide. This represents approximately 12% of

426-464: A considerable impact on production costs and productivity, especially, within energy intensive industries. The World Bank notes that these investments are enhancing economic efficiency, supporting sustainable development objectives, and promoting energy security by decreasing dependence on fossil fuel. China is seen as a major growth market for cleantech investments currently, with a focus on renewable energy technologies. In 2014, Israel , Finland and

497-439: A conventional "transactional" relationship with its citizens. Yet, the term is open to many interpretations. Many cities have already adopted some sort of smart city technology. Smart city initiatives have been criticized as driven by corporations, poorly adapted to residents' needs, as largely unsuccessful, and as a move toward totalitarian surveillance . Historically, cities functioned as centers of innovation, and

568-471: A decline in the relative cost of these technologies and a growing understanding of the link between industrial design used in the 19th century and early 20th century, such as fossil fuel power plants, the internal combustion engine , and chemical manufacturing , and an emerging understanding of human-caused impact on earth systems resulting from their use (see articles: ozone hole , acid rain , desertification , climate change , and global warming ). During

639-437: A group of emerging technologies and industries, based on principles of biology , resource efficiency , and second-generation production concepts in basic industries. Examples include: energy efficiency , selective catalytic reduction , non-toxic materials, water purification , solar energy , wind energy , and new paradigms in energy conservation. Since the 1990s, interest in these technologies has increased with two trends:

710-496: A key role in smart cities. Electric companies, working partnership with city officials, technology companies and a number of other institutions, are among the major players that helped accelerate the growth of America's smart cities. According to David K. Owens, the former executive vice president of the Edison Electric Institute , two key elements that a smart city must have are an integrated communications platform and

781-477: A lower share in low-carbon energy (13%). Japan excels in hydrogen-related (29.3%) and low-carbon energy technologies (26.2%). Chinese applicants dominate the field of ICT-related clean technologies, accounting for more than 37% of patents between 2017 and 2021. Meanwhile, South Korean applicants make notable contributions in ICT with 12.6%, in hydrogen technologies with 13%, and in low-carbon energy with 15.5%. About half of

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852-655: A smart city (or other community) uses information technologies to: They evolve towards a strong integration of all dimensions of human intelligence , collective intelligence , and also artificial intelligence within the city . According to Mitchell, the intelligence of cities "resides in the increasingly effective combination of digital telecommunication networks (the nerves), ubiquitously embedded intelligence (the brain), sensors and tags (the sensory organs), and software (the knowledge and cognitive competence)". The physical components of IT systems are crucial to early-stage smart city development. Wired infrastructure

923-490: A smart city involves modifications in planning, management, and operational processes. This data can subsequently be analyzed to identify areas for improvement and optimize urban services. The concept of smart cities emerged from cities' adoption of information and communications technologies. ICTs present challenges given financial limitations, technical obstacles, and privacy and security concerns. ICTs are also not uniformly accessible across communities, contributing to

994-699: A smart city is built on the integration of people, technology, and processes, which connect and interact across sectors such as healthcare, transportation, education, and infrastructure, etc. Smart cities are characterized by the ways in which their local governments monitor, analyze, plan, and govern the city. In a smart city, the sharing of data extends to businesses, citizens and other third parties who can derive benefit from using that data. The three largest sources of spending associated with smart cities as of 2022 were visual surveillance , public transit, and outdoor lighting. Smart cities integrate information and communication technology (ICT), and devices connected to

1065-518: A sustainable future and to implement in the countries (member states) in the UN. Many parts of the 17 goals are related to the usage of clean technology since it is eventually an essential part of designing a sustainable future in various areas such as land, cities, industries, climate, etc. Clean Edge Clean Edge, Inc. , founded in 2000, is a U.S.-based developer and publisher of thematic stock indexes tracking clean energy , transportation, water, and

1136-541: Is achieving the Paris Agreement with a significant reduction in producing carbon emissions. Adopting renewable energy not only brought technological advances to India, but it also impacted employment by creating around 330,000 new jobs by 2022 and more than 24 million new jobs by 2030, according to the International Labour Organization in the renewable energy sector. In spite of the global successes,

1207-879: Is also known for its industry research, including the Clean Tech Leadership Index which tracked all 50 states and the 50-largest metro areas on dozens of clean-tech indicators; Clean Energy Trends which the firm published annually more than a decade; and custom reports for a range of government, non-profit, and corporate entities including the City of San Francisco, Portland Development Commission, Massachusetts Clean Energy Center, Energy Foundation, Green America, Gridwise Alliance, Rockefeller Family, Sharp, SolarCity, JETRO, and Wells Fargo. Recent reports include Clean Energy & Smart Grid Infrastructure and Water Infrastructure & Resiliency , published in partnership with Nasdaq. Clean Edge analysts are regularly quoted in

1278-446: Is an urban area that uses digital technology to collect data and to operate/provide services. Data can be collected from citizens, devices, buildings, cameras. Applications include traffic and transportation systems , power plants, utilities , urban forestry , water supply networks , waste disposal , criminal investigations, information systems , schools, libraries, hospitals, and other community services . The foundation of

1349-745: Is associated with intellectual curiosity and creativeness, and various projects have demonstrated that knowledge workers participate in a diverse mix of cultural and artistic activities. Since mobility is a key area of smart city development, building a capable workforce through education initiatives is necessary. A city's learning capacity includes its education system, including available workforce training and support, and its cultural development and exchange. Numerous Smart city programs also focus on soft infrastructure development, like increasing access to voluntary organizations and designated safe zones. This focus on social and relational capital means diversity, inclusion, and ubiquitous access to public services

1420-453: Is consistent with sustainable development objectives since it offers measures that do not deplete natural resources but, instead, supply low-emission forms of energy. The following is a 2021 ranking of clean technology ecosystems. The United Nations has set goals for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which is called " Sustainable Development Goals " composed of 17 goals and 232 indicators total. These goals are designed to build

1491-481: Is done through renewable energy. Water scarcity led Israelis developed the modern drip irrigations system. Netafim , created in 1965 was the company that developed the technology and is now valued at about $ 1.85 billion. Israel also operates Israel Cleantech Ventures which funds cleantech startups. In Jerusalem there is a yearly Cleantech conference. UBQ, an Israeli startup which converts waste into friendly plastic secured $ 70 million in funding in 2023. Silicon Valley

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1562-405: Is important for the achievement of sustainable energy systems. Uninterrupted research and development is critical in improving the productivity of renewable energy sources and in making them more attractive for investment. These developments are a part of the wider goals related to sustainability and addressing climate change. A further factor that determine the success of clean technology is how it

1633-463: Is increasingly relying on Chinese green technology, from electric buses to solar panels. is one of the countries that have achieved remarkable success in sustainable development by implementing clean technology, and it became a global clean energy powerhouse. India, who was the third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, advanced a scheme of converting to renewable energy with sun and wind from fossil fuels. This continuous effort has created an increase in

1704-758: Is necessary for it to manage an enormous amount of data collected through the embedded devices and systems in its environment. This is also important for the cities growth and security. Smart cities use a variety of data collection, processing, and disseminating technologies, in conjunction with data security and privacy measures, in attempting to encourage innovation and improve citizens' quality of life. This can relate to topics including utilities, health, transportation, entertainment and government services. Online collaborative sensor data management platforms are on-line database services that allow sensor owners to register and connect their devices to feed data into an on-line database for storage and allow developers to connect to

1775-403: Is perceived by public and its social impact. Community involvement and observable benefits of these technologies can influence their adoption and popularity. The idea of shared benefits is created by making the renewable energy solutions environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and beneficial to producers. has been one of the renewable energy leaders in the world, and their efforts have expedited

1846-406: Is projected population growth. The UN forecasts global population to reach 9.6 to 13.2 billion by 2100, with cities absorbing 80% of this growth. An important goal of smart city initiatives is to use ICTs to address the tragedy of the commons problem. This phenomenon occurs when individuals acting in their own self-interest deplete a communal resource. For example, while each individual driver in

1917-426: Is realized through: Smart cities use data and technology to create efficiencies, improve sustainability, create economic development, and enhance quality of life factors for people living and working in the city. A variety of different datasets may need to be integrated to create a smart energy infrastructure. Employment of smart technologies enables the more efficient application of integrated energy technologies in

1988-610: Is required to support the IoT and wireless technologies central to more interconnected living. A wired city environment provides general access to continually updated digital and physical infrastructure. The latest in telecommunications, robotics , IoT, and various connected technologies can then be deployed to support human capital and productivity. Intelligence in smart cities has been demonstrated in three ways: Examples of instrumentation intelligence are those implemented in Amsterdam . This

2059-506: Is the increased consumer, regulatory, and industry interest in clean forms of energy generation—specifically, perhaps, the rise in awareness of global warming , climate change , and the impact on the natural environment from the burning of fossil fuels . Cleantech is often associated with venture capital funds and land use organizations. The term has historically been differentiated from various definitions of green business, sustainability, or triple bottom line industries by its origins in

2130-901: Is the world's leading cleantech ecosystem according to StartUp Gencome's ranking. In 2020, investments in cleantech reached $ 17 billion. Investment in green technology and renewable energy in China is rapidly increasing. And Latin America has the world’s highest electricity energy level, with 60% of its electricity coming from renewable sources. The region is rich in the minerals needed to make green technologies. Latin America needs Chinese technology to turn its abundant resources into electricity. Last year, about 99% of solar panels imported into Latin America were made in China. Also, about 70% of electric vehicles imported into Latin America last year were made in China. More than 90% of imported lithium-ion batteries imported into Latin America were also made in China. Latin America

2201-526: Is traditionally done manually, through an electronic pass but can even be done by means of ANPR cameras connected to the bollard system. According to McKinsey, smart city initiatives can have measurable positive impacts on the quality of life of its citizens and visitors. The human framework of a smart city – its economy, knowledge networks, and human support systems – is an important indicator of its success. For example, arts and culture initiatives are common focus areas in smart city planning. Innovation

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2272-479: Is worked in to city planning. The development of a knowledge economy is also central to Smart city projects. Smart cities seeking to be hubs of economic activity in emerging tech and service sectors stress the value of innovation in city development. Smart cities leverage a number of technologies: Additional supporting technology and trends include remote work , telehealth , the blockchain , and online banking technology, A "ubiquitous city"(U-city)

2343-859: The European Union . The 2015 Chancellor’s Budget for the United Kingdom proposed to invest £140 million in smart cities and IoT. Smart city competitions were launched in the 2010s by Bloomberg Philanthropies , the Rockefeller Foundation , and the United States Department of Transportation . In 2016, AT&T launched an alliance with Cisco, Deloitte , Ericsson , General Electric , IBM, Intel , and Qualcomm , with municipal partners Atlanta, Georgia ; Chicago, Illinois ; and Dallas, Texas . Key characteristics that define innovative urban environments include: It has been suggested that

2414-480: The Internet of things (IOT) network to optimize city services and connect to citizens. ICT can be used to enhance quality, performance, and interactivity of urban services, to reduce costs and resource consumption and to increase contact between citizens and government. Smart city applications manage urban flows and allow for real-time responses. A smart city may be more prepared to respond to challenges than one with

2485-704: The US were leading the Global Cleantech Innovation Index , out of 40 countries assessed, while Russia and Greece were last. Renewable energy investment has achieved substantial scale with annual investments around $ 300 billion. This volume of investment is fundamental to the global energy transition and remains in spite of an R&D funding plateau, representing the sector's healthy expansion and appreciation of renewable technology's promise. Several journals offer in-depth analyses and forecasts of this investment trend, stressing its significant role in attainment of

2556-723: The United States (20%), and China (15%). There are two major stages when cleantech patenting has advanced. The first is from 2006 to 2021, driven by the EU and Japan (27% and 26% of overall increase in IPFs). The next stage is from 2017 to 2021, led by China, which accounted for 70% of the increase in IPFs. Cleantech products or services are those that improve operational performance, productivity , or efficiency while reducing costs, inputs, energy consumption , waste , or environmental pollution . Its origin

2627-405: The digital divide . No commonly accepted definition of "smart city" has emerged. Evaluating smart city initiatives becomes difficult without agreement on parameters. It also hampers the ability to compare projects and identify best practices. Deakin and Al Waer list four factors that contribute to the definition of a smart city: Deakin defines the smart city as one that uses ICT to meet

2698-637: The 2008 economic crisis then hampered private investments in clean technologies, which were back at their 2007 level only in 2014. The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris is expected to achieve a universal agreement on climate, which would foster clean technologies development. On 23 September 2019, the Secretary-General of the United Nations hosted a Climate Action Summit in New York. In 2022

2769-451: The EU from 2021 to 2023, despite a downturn in other sectors during the same period. Key areas, such as energy storage, circular economy initiatives, and agricultural technology, have benefited from increased investments, supported by the EU's ambitious goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030. Israel has 600 companies in the Cleantech sector. The Tel Aviv region

2840-487: The EU's clean technologies are in the launch or early revenue stage, 22% are in the scale-up stage, and 10% are mature or consolidating. The European Commission estimates that an additional €477 million in annual investment is needed for the European Union to meet its Fit-for-55 decarbonization goals. The European Green Deal has fostered policies that contributed to a 30% rise in venture capital for greentech companies in

2911-681: The IBM Smarter Cities Challenge. In 2010, Cisco Systems , with $ 25 million from the Clinton Foundation , established its Connected Urban Development program in partnership with San Francisco, Amsterdam, and Seoul. In 2011, a Smart City Expo World Congress in Barcelona attracted 6000 people from 50 countries. The European Commission in 2012 established the Smart Cities Marketplace, a centralized hub for urban initiatives in

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2982-535: The advent of the digital era presented opportunities and challenges to apply technology to create urban environments that are more efficient, sustainable , and livable. The shift to smart cities necessitates a comprehensive restructuring of city management and operations, leading citizen participation , and methods of public service delivery. Cities seek to upgrade their infrastructure and service delivery, to promote social inclusion, technological adoption, and economic development. The transformation into

3053-513: The benefits of the city and the country. Other conceptions include those of Edward Bellamy , Frank Lloyd Wright , and Le Corbusier . Critics of smart cities draw parallels between the weaknesses of these utopian visions and the weaknesses of smart cities today. The concept of "smart cities" emerged from global cities' recent adoption of information and communications technologies for urban use, which can be used to improve efficiency, sustainability, and livability in urban environments. Some of

3124-416: The city allowing the development of more self-sustaining areas or even positive energy districts that produce more energy than they consume. A smart city is powered by "smart connections" for various items such as street lighting, smart buildings , distributed energy resources (DER), data analytics , and smart transportation. Amongst these things, energy is paramount; this is why utility companies play

3195-468: The country's renewable energy capacity (around 80 gigawatts of installed renewable energy capacity, 2019), with a compound annual growth rate of over 20%. India's ambitious renewable energy targets have become the model for a swift clean energy shift. The government aimed to reach a 175 GW capacity of renewable energy up to 2022. Thus, included a big contribution from wind (60 GW) and solar energy (100 GW). By steadily increasing India's renewable capacity, India

3266-455: The database and build their own applications based on that data. Electronic cards (known as smart cards ) are another common component in smart city contexts. These cards possess a unique encrypted identifier that allows the owner to log into a range of government provided services (or e-services ) without setting up multiple accounts. The single identifier allows governments to aggregate data about citizens and their preferences to improve

3337-549: The demands of the market (the citizens of the city), based on community involvement. Studies of smart city projects can be used as an alternative to difficult-to-define broad definitions in order to clarify what smart cities are. Notable disparities among smart city definitions include the relative focus on economic advantages versus environmental or social benefits and specific technology choices. Smart city definitions include: The main issues surrounding smart city research include: An important motivation for smart cities

3408-737: The earliest interventions in urban planning include the use of computational statistical analysis by the Community Analysis Bureau in Los Angeles in the late 1960's and the establishment by Singapore of the National Computer Board in 1981. The smart city concept experienced a major surge around 2005. Tech companies sought to create information systems to enhance operational efficiency for cities. A global movement emerged advocating smart cities. IBM launched its Smarter Planet marketing initiative in 2008, which included

3479-437: The energy. The role of the technological innovations in the development of sustainable development across different fields, such as energy, agriculture, and infrastructure is paramount. The sustainability initiatives utilize contemporary science as well as green technologies of renewable energy sources and efficient energy conversion systems to minimize the environmental effects and promote economic and social welfare. This approach

3550-528: The face of threats. In 2008, clean technology venture investments in North America, Europe, China, and India totaled a record $ 8.4 billion. Cleantech Venture Capital firms include NTEC, Cleantech Ventures , and Foundation Capital . The preliminary 2008 total represents the seventh consecutive year of growth in venture investing, widely recognized as a leading indicator of overall investment patterns. Investment in clean technology has grown significantly, with

3621-528: The grid. The firm's first index, the Nasdaq Clean Edge Green Energy Index (CELS), was launched with Nasdaq in 2006. Financial products tracking the firm's indexes and universes exceed $ 2.5 billion in assets under management (as of December 15, 2020). Clean Edge currently publishes multiple stock indexes with Nasdaq, including: Exchange traded funds based on the firm's indexes are offered by First Trust, Tachlit, and others. Clean Edge

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3692-454: The integration of renewable energies into existing infrastructure, the economic costs associated with transitioning technologies, and the need for widespread consumer adoption of new energy solutions. Also, Germany is investing in renewable energy from offshore wind and anticipating its investment to result in one-third of total wind energy in Germany. The importance of clean technology also impacted

3763-565: The introduction of renewable energy is confronted with hurdles specific to the country or the region. These challenges encompass social, economic, technological, and regulatory. Research shows that social and regulatory barriers are direct factors affecting the deployment of renewable energy, economic barriers however have a more indirect, yet substantial effect. The study emphasises the need for removing these obstacles for renewable energy to become more available and attractive thus benefiting all parties such as local communities and producers. Despite

3834-405: The investment in cleantech (also called climatetech) boomed. "In fact, climate tech investment in the 12 months to Q3 2022 represented more than a quarter of every venture dollar invested, a greater proportion than 12 of the prior 16 quarters." US leads in carbon capture technologies, with nearly 30% of patents. It also leads in plastic recycling and climate change adaptation technologies, but has

3905-412: The last twenty years, regulatory schemes and international treaties have been the main factors that defined the investment environment of clean technologies. Investments in renewable sources as well as the technologies for energy efficiency represent a determining factor in the investments made under the context of the Paris Agreement and the fight against climate change and air pollution. Among financing of

3976-670: The lives of those in both developed and developing countries." Investments in clean technology have grown considerably since coming into the spotlight around 2000. According to the United Nations Environment Program , wind, solar, and biofuel companies received a record $ 148 billion in new funding in 2007 as rising oil prices and climate change policies encouraged investment in renewable energy . $ 50 billion of that funding went to wind power . Overall, investment in clean-energy and energy-efficiency industries rose 60 percent from 2006 to 2007. In 2009, Clean Edge forecasted that

4047-693: The media and the firm is based out of Portland, Oregon . Clean Edge's Ron Pernick and Clint Wilder co-authored The Clean Tech Revolution: The Next Big Growth and Investment Opportunity (HarperCollins, June 2007), the first business book to make the economic and environmental case for clean technology , and Clean Tech Nation: How the U.S. Can Lead in the New Global Economy (HarperCollins, September 2012). Positive reviews came from U.S. President Bill Clinton , Reed Hundt , Hunter Lovins , former NRG Energy CEO David Crane, Guy Kawasaki, John Doerr and Nancy Pfund. Smart cities A smart city

4118-521: The prevalence of obstacles, emerging economy countries have formulated creative approaches to deal with the challenges. For example, India, has shown significant progress in the sector of renewable energy, a trend showing the adoption of clean technologies from other countries. The special approaches and problems that every country experiences in the course of the sustainable growth promote useful ideas for further development. The creation of clean technologies such as battery storage, CCS, and advanced biofuels

4189-480: The progress after the nuclear power plant meltdown in Japan in 2011, by deciding to switch off all 17 reactors by 2022. Still, this is just one of Germany's ultimate goals; and Germany is aiming to set the usage of renewable energy at 80% by 2050, which is currently 47% (2020). Energiewende in Germany is a model of a devoted effort to renewable energy aimed at decreasing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 80% by 2050 through

4260-836: The provision of services and to determine common interests of groups. This technology has been implemented in Southampton. Cognitive technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning , can be trained on the data generated by connected city devices to identify patterns. The efficacy and impact of particular policy decisions can be quantified by cognitive systems studying the continuous interactions of humans with their urban surroundings. Bicycle-sharing systems are an important element in smart cities. Intelligent transportation systems and CCTV systems are also being developed. Retractable bollards allow to restrict access inside city centers (i.e. to delivery trucks resupplying outlet stores). Opening and closing of such barriers

4331-465: The public sector, the government has been using financial incentives and regulations that are targeted at the private sector. This collectively move is the cause of the continued increase in the clean energy capacity. The investments in renewable electricity generation technologies in 2015 were over $ 308 billion USD and in 2019 this figure rose to $ 311 billion USD. Startups with new technology based innovation are considered to be an attractive investment in

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4402-449: The renewable energy, the energy ministers from 14 Arab countries signed a Memorandum of Understanding for an Arab Common Market for electricity by committing to the development of the electricity supply system with renewable energy. Sustainability when combined with clean technology focuses on the central environmental issues of learning how to fulfill the need of Earth's resources and the requirement for fast industrialization and consuming of

4473-477: The rushed adoption of renewable resources. This policy, aimed at addressing the environmental issues and the nationwide agreement on nuclear power abolition, illustrates the essential role of government policy and investment in directing technological adoption and providing a pathway towards the usage of sustainable energy. Obstacles to making the Energiewende a model for the transportation and heating sectors include

4544-740: The sustainability of production processes, but, also encouraging a comprehensive transition towards sustainability across the entire supply chain. Detailed case studies and industry analyses highlight the economic and environmental benefits of such strategic investments. According to the published research, the top clean technology sectors in 2008 were solar, biofuels, transportation, and wind. Solar accounted for almost 40% of total clean technology investment dollars in 2008, followed by biofuels at 11%. In 2019, sovereign wealth funds directly invested just under US$ 3 billion in renewable energy . The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen , Denmark

4615-822: The three main clean technology sectors, solar photovoltaics , wind power, and biofuels, would have revenues of $ 325.1 billion by 2018. According to an MIT Energy Initiative Working Paper published in July 2016, about a half of over $ 25 billion funding provided by venture capital to cleantech from 2006 to 2011 was never recovered. The report cited cleantech's dismal risk/return profiles and the inability of companies developing new materials, chemistries, or processes to achieve manufacturing scale as contributing factors to its flop. Clean technology has also emerged as an essential topic among businesses and companies. It can reduce pollutants and dirty fuels for every company, regardless of which industry they are in, and using clean technology has become

4686-600: The total number of IPFs globally. From 1997 to 2021, over 750,000 patents for clean and sustainable technologies were published, making up almost 15% of all patents in 2021, compared to just under 8% in 1997. Japan and the US each account for over 20% of clean technology patents, though their annual numbers have stabilized at around 10,000. Between 2017 and 2021, European countries accounted for over 27% of international patent families (IPFs) in clean technology globally. This places Europe ahead of other major innovators, such as Japan (21%),

4757-570: The transportation sector of Germany, which produces 17 percent of its emission. The famous car-producing companies, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Volkswagen, and Audi, in Germany, are also providing new electric cars to meet Germany's energy transition movement. has drawn worldwide attention for its potential share and new market of solar electricity. Notably, the countries in the Middle East have been utilizing their natural resources, an abundant amount of oil and gas, to develop solar electricity. Also, to practice

4828-696: The venture capital investment community and has grown to define a business sector that includes significant and high growth industries such as solar, wind, water purification, and biofuels. While the expanding industry has grown rapidly in recent years and attracted billions of dollars of capital, the clean technology space has not settled on an agreed-upon term. Cleantech , is used fairly widely, although variant spellings include ⟨clean-tech⟩ and ⟨clean tech⟩ . In recent years, some clean technology companies have de-emphasized that aspect of their business to tap into broader trends, such as smart cities . The idea of cleantech first emerged among

4899-674: The world energy and climate targets. With regards to private investments, the investment group Element 8 has received the 2014 CleanTech Achievement award from the CleanTech Alliance, a trade association focused on clean tech in the State of Washington, for its contribution in Washington State's cleantech industry. Strategic investments in clean technologies within supply chains are increasingly influenced by sustainable market forces. These investments are vital for manufacturers, enhancing not only

4970-506: Was expected to create a framework whereby limits would eventually be placed on greenhouse gas emissions. Many proponents of the cleantech industry hoped for an agreement to be established there to replace the Kyoto Protocol . As this treaty was expected, scholars had suggested a profound and inevitable shift from " business as usual ." However, the participating States failed to provide a global framework for clean technologies. The outburst of

5041-521: Was ranked second in the world by StartUp Genome for Cleantech ecosystems. Israel due to its geopolitical situation and harsh climate was forced to adopt technologies considered today as part of the cleantech sector. Following the scarcity of oil after the 1973 embargo on Israel, Israel switched to renewable energy in the 1970s and in 1976 all resedential buildings built from that year onward were forced to have such heating. As of 2020, 85% of water heating in Israel

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