67-582: Clerkenwell ( / ˈ k l ɑːr k ən w ɛ l / KLAHRK-ən-well ) is an area of central London , England. Clerkenwell was an ancient parish from the medieval period onwards, and now forms the south-western part of the London Borough of Islington . The church of St James in Clerkenwell Close and nearby Clerkenwell Green sit at the centre of Clerkenwell. Located on the edge of the City of London , it
134-565: A central point at Charing Cross (in the City of Westminster ), which is marked by the statue of King Charles I at the junction of the Strand , Whitehall and Cockspur Street , just south of Trafalgar Square . The central area is distinguished, according to the Royal Commission , by the inclusion within its boundaries of Parliament and the Royal Palaces, the headquarters of Government,
201-633: A poetic name for America coined by Johnson, first appears in a 1738 weekly publication of the debates of the British Parliament in the magazine. The magazine's long-running motto, E pluribus unum , Latin for "Out of many, one", is thought to have inspired the use of the phrase as an unofficial motto of the United States. Motteux's The Gentleman's Journal had previously used the phrase. A skilled businessman, Edward Cave developed an extensive distribution system for The Gentleman's Magazine . It
268-568: A series of streets and terraces in neo-Classical, Greek revival style. The place names reference the New River company, including Amwell Street (after the New River's source in Hertfordshire) and River Street. The Lloyd Baker estate was laid out immediately to the west of the New River estate from 1820 to 1840. It takes its name from the family of Bishop William Lloyd who inherited the land from his godmother Flower Backhouse, Countess of Clarendon ,
335-492: A shareholder in the New River company. The estate is characterised by neo-classical pedimented villas and garden squares. As it was a suburb beyond the confines of the London Wall , Clerkenwell was outside the jurisdiction of the somewhat puritanical City fathers. Consequently, "base tenements and houses of unlawful and disorderly resort" sprang up, with a "great number of dissolute, loose, and insolent people harboured in such and
402-616: A short walk from the Green. Their new offices are a short distance away in King's Cross . In 2011, an anti-cuts protest march departed from Clerkenwell and ended with a rally at Trafalgar Square demanding trade union rights, human rights and international solidarity. Clerkenwell St James was an ancient parish in the Finsbury division of the Ossulstone hundred of Middlesex . Part of the parish of St James
469-931: A signed cycle route. To the south of Farringdon station, CS6 uses a segregated cycle track which runs parallel to Farringdon Road . South of Exmouth Market , signal-controlled junctions on Farringdon Road often give priority to cyclists, particularly where there is a cycle lane or track to separate cycles from other road traffic. In the north of Clerkenwell, CS6 runs on quieter "side-streets" towards Bloomsbury and King's Cross. Quietways 2 and 10 are also nearby, both passing through Finsbury . Quietway 2 links Russell Square to Angel , Dalston and Walthamstow via Finsbury, whilst Quietway 10 runs from Finsbury to Finsbury Park . Quietways use cycle paths and "side-streets" allowing cyclists to avoid busy roads. Quietways 2 and 10 are signed cycle routes. Bus and cycle lanes are also provided on Rosebery Avenue , Clerkenwell Road and Percival Street. Central London Central London
536-508: A variant of clerc , meaning literate person or clergyman). The first surviving reference to the name is from 1100. In the Middle Ages , the London Parish clerks performed annual mystery plays there, based on biblical themes. Part of the well remains visible, incorporated into a 1980s building called Well Court. It is visible through a window of that building on Farringdon Lane. Access to
603-405: Is a notable concentration of design professions around Clerkenwell, and supporting industries such as high-end designer furniture showrooms. It is claimed that the area has the highest concentration of architects and building professionals in the world. Many of London's leading architectural practices have offices in the area. It is said that Vladimir Lenin and a young Joseph Stalin first met in
670-534: Is available at the Family History Library (FHL) under the call number 942 B2g Index, and is also available on microfilm (#599738–#599761) or microfiche (#6026701). In addition to the index, the FHL also has the magazine itself available in various formats. An abstract of the "chief contents of The Gentleman's Magazine from 1731 to 1868" was published by George L. Gomme in 1891. He describes it as "excerpts from
737-433: Is described as "a unique cluster of vitally important activities including central government offices, headquarters and embassies, the largest concentration of London's financial and business services sector and the offices of trade, professional bodies, institutions, associations, communications, publishing, advertising and the media". For strategic planning, since 2011 there has been a Central London sub-region comprising
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#1733086304565804-638: Is served by the London Underground Circle , Hammersmith and City and Metropolitan lines and the Elizabeth line . The next station west of Farringdon is King's Cross St Pancras , and all westbound trains call at Baker Street tube station . To the east, the next stations are Barbican , Moorgate and Liverpool Street in the City . The Hammersmith and City and Circle lines both terminate in West London at Hammersmith (via Paddington ). Eastbound,
871-591: Is the innermost part of London , in England , spanning the City of London and several boroughs . Over time, a number of definitions have been used to define the scope of Central London for statistics, urban planning and local government. Its characteristics are understood to include a high-density built environment, high land values, an elevated daytime population and a concentration of regionally, nationally and internationally significant organisations and facilities. Road distances to London are traditionally measured from
938-623: Is where Fagin and the Artful Dodger induct Oliver into pickpocketing amongst shoppers in the busy market once held there. In his words it is "an open square in Clerkenwell, which is yet called, by some perversion of terms the Green", despite lacking any "greenery". Indeed, Dickens knew the area well and was a customer of the Finsbury Savings Bank on Sekforde Street , which links Clerkenwell Green to St John Street. Hockley-in-the-Hole
1005-651: The Finsbury Estate lie in Clerkenwell, rather than Finsbury. They are named after the former Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury which included Clerkenwell, Finsbury and other areas. For a list of street name etymologies in the Clerkenwell area see Street names of Clerkenwell and Finsbury . Clerkenwell took its name from the Clerks' Well in Farringdon Lane ( clerken was the Middle English genitive plural of clerk ,
1072-731: The Herbert Commission and the subsequent passage of the London Government Bill , three unsuccessful attempts were made to define an area that would form a central London borough . The first two were detailed in the 1959 Memorandum of Evidence of the Greater London Group of the London School of Economics . "Scheme A" envisaged a central London borough, one of 25, consisting of the City of London, Westminster, Holborn, Finsbury and
1139-685: The Law Courts , the head offices of a very large number of commercial and industrial firms, as well as institutions of great influence in the intellectual life of the nation such as the British Museum , the National Gallery , the Tate Gallery , the University of London , the headquarters of the national ballet and opera, together with the headquarters of many national associations, the great professions,
1206-791: The London Borough of Islington in 1965 and the old town hall lay empty and deteriorating for many years. It has since been sold to the Urdang Dance Academy. After the Second World War Clerkenwell suffered from industrial decline and many of the premises occupied by the engineering, printing publishing and meat and food trades (the last mostly around Smithfield) fell empty. Several acclaimed council housing estates were commissioned by Finsbury Borough Council . Modernist architect and Russian émigré Berthold Lubetkin 's listed Spa Green Estate, constructed 1943–1950, has recently been restored. The Finsbury Estate , constructed in 1968 to
1273-700: The Round Pond and an associated building, the Water House . From here water was fed into a network of wooden mains which conveyed water to the cisterns of London. Over the years the New River Head complex expanded with the addition of further reservoirs and pumping stations, driven by windmill , horse gin and, eventually, steam engine . In 1820, the New River Company , owners of the river, moved its offices into an enlarged Water House, beginning an association of
1340-621: The 1920s and 1930s, 37a Clerkenwell Green was a venue for Communist Party meetings, and the Marx Memorial Library was founded on the same site in 1933. In 1942 the local borough council erected a controversial bust of Vladimir Lenin at the site of a new block of flats in Holford Square (the bust was removed in the 1950s). Clerkenwell's tradition of left-leaning publication continued until late 2008 with The Guardian and The Observer having their headquarters on Farringdon Road,
1407-432: The 1961 census. It consisted of the City of London, all of Westminster, Holborn and Finsbury; and the inner parts of Shoreditch, Stepney, Bermondsey, Southwark, Lambeth, Chelsea, Kensington, Paddington, St Marylebone and St Pancras. The population was estimated to be 270,000. 51°30′N 0°08′W / 51.50°N 0.13°W / 51.50; -0.13 Gentleman%27s Magazine The Gentleman's Magazine
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#17330863045651474-447: The A10 to Clerkenwell's east. Transport for London (TfL) and the London Borough of Islington both provide cycling infrastructure in Clerkenwell, and the area is well connected to London's cycle network . Cycle Superhighway 6 (CS6) runs north–south through Clerkenwell, which provides the area with direct links to King's Cross , Bloomsbury , Blackfriars and Elephant and Castle on
1541-545: The British Social Democratic Federation at 37a Clerkenwell Green, and issues 22 to 38 were indeed edited there. At that time Vladimir Lenin resided on Percy Circus, less than half a mile north of Clerkenwell Green. In 1903, the newspaper was moved to Geneva . It is said that Lenin and a young Joseph Stalin met in the Crown and Anchor pub (now The Crown Tavern) when the latter was visiting London in 1903. In
1608-470: The City of London, the whole of Finsbury and Holborn, most of Westminster and Southwark, parts of St Pancras, St Marylebone, Paddington and a small part of Kensington. The area had an estimated population of 400,000 and occupied 8,000 acres (32 km ). During the passage of the London Government Bill an amendment was put forward to create a central borough corresponding to the definition used at
1675-675: The Crown and Anchor pub (now known as the Crown Tavern) on Clerkenwell Green, when the latter was visiting London in 1903. The Betsey Trotwood (named after Betsey Trotwood in David Copperfield by Charles Dickens) adopted the name in 1983, having previously been the Butcher's Arms . In 2005 Mark Bittman of The New York Times wrote that Clerkenwell has "some of the best restaurants in London". Restaurants in Clerkenwell include St John and
1742-647: The Hammersmith and City line continues towards Barking in East London , whilst the Circle line loops around the City of London with trains heading westwards towards Tower Hill , Embankment and Victoria . The Metropolitan line terminates at Aldgate to the east, and to the west, trains carry passengers to Wembley Park , Uxbridge , and stations in Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire . There are several tube stations near
1809-693: The M1 . Beyond London, the A1 passes through the East and North of England before terminating in Edinburgh , Scotland. Farringdon Street is numbered the A201 , which links Clerkenwell to King's Cross , Blackfriars , and Elephant & Castle . The A5201 ( Clerkenwell Road / Old Street ) also runs through Clerkenwell, linking Soho and Holborn in Central London with Shoreditch and
1876-451: The Marriages, Births, Deaths, Promotions, &c." covering 1731–1786, and volume 4 contains an "Index of Names of Persons" covering 1731–1818. The indexes are by surname only and are available online for free through Google Books: David Dobson gleaned references to American births, marriages, and deaths from The Gentleman's Magazine and published it as American Vital Records from
1943-539: The Metropolis or in any provincial city, and the enormous office developments which have taken place recently constitute a totally new phenomenon. Starting in 2004, the London Plan defined a 'Central Activities Zone' policy area, which as of 2008 comprised the City of London, most of Westminster and the inner parts of Camden, Islington, Hackney, Tower Hamlets, Southwark, Lambeth, Kensington & Chelsea and Wandsworth. It
2010-716: The Michelin-starred Club Gascon . In the 1850s the south-western part of Clerkenwell and Saffron Hill in the nearby borough of Holborn became known as London's " Little Italy " because around 2,000 Italians had settled in the area. The community had mostly dispersed by the 1960s, but the area remains the 'spiritual home' of London's Italians, and is a focal point for more recent Italian immigrants, largely because of St Peter's Italian Church in nearby Saffron Hill . There are officially over 200,000 Italians in London, and possibly many more. The Italian Procession of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and Sagra takes place each July in
2077-569: The New River Company developed housing on the land surrounding New River Head. At the centre is Myddelton Square, named after Sir Hugh Myddelton , developer of the New River, with the Grade II listed St Mark's Church in the centre. The church was built in 1827 in Victorian Gothic style by William Chadwell Mylne , after whom the nearby Mylne Street and Chadwell Street are named. The estate is
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2144-558: The area around Northampton Square. In the 20th century, Clerkenwell became known as a centre for architecture and design. Clerkenwell is home to City University and the Royal Mail's Mount Pleasant sorting office . It includes the neighbourhoods of Farringdon and Exmouth Market . Goswell Street formed the eastern boundary of the Clerkenwell parishes, with the River Fleet , now buried beneath Farringdon Road and other streets, forming
2211-608: The area directly to North London and Hertfordshire destinations. Clerkenwell is in the London Congestion Charge Zone, as well as the London Low Emission and Ultra Low Emission Zones. Most roads in Clerkenwell are residential, but several key routes cross Clerkenwell. Goswell Road carries the A1 between the City of London ( Barbican ) and Angel , with the road continuing northbound towards Highbury , Archway and
2278-521: The boroughs of Camden , Islington , Kensington and Chelsea , Lambeth , Southwark , Westminster and the City of London . From 2004 to 2008, the London Plan included a sub-region called Central London comprising Camden, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Lambeth, Southwark, Wandsworth and Westminster. It had a 2001 population of 1,525,000. The sub-region was replaced in 2008 with a new structure which amalgamated inner and outer boroughs together. This
2345-419: The chemicals required for their Bromide based papers and negatives. During World War II, they were relocated for security reasons because of the fear that Axis bombs would destroy the photographic equipment used for the war effort. Clerkenwell Green lies at the centre of the old village, by the church, and has a mixture of housing, offices and pubs, dominated by the imposing former Middlesex Sessions House . It
2412-422: The designs of Joseph Emberton includes flats, since altered and re-clad. A general revival and gentrification process began in the 1980s, and the area is now known for loft-living in some of the former industrial buildings. It also has young professionals , nightclubs and restaurants and is home to many professional offices as an overspill for the nearby City of London and West End . Amongst other sectors, there
2479-519: The feats he has done about Turnbull Street". Known now as Turnmill Street and adjoining Farringdon station , it had an infamous reputation for brothel-keeping and was described in Sugden's Topographical Dictionary as "the most disreputable street in London, a haunt of thieves and loose women". The Clerkenwell Bridewell , a prison and correctional institute for prostitutes and vagrants, was known for savage punishment and endemic sexual corruption. Clerkenwell
2546-546: The fringes of Clerkenwell: Farringdon is a National Rail station served on the Thameslink route, served by Thameslink trains run by Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR). This links Clerkenwell directly to Luton and Gatwick airports, and destinations including Bedford , Brighton , Cambridge , Luton , Peterborough , and destinations in South London and Kent . Moorgate is also nearby, with Great Northern services linking
2613-575: The headquarters of the St John Ambulance Association. An Early English crypt remains beneath the chapel of the order, which was otherwise mostly rebuilt in the 1950s after wartime bombing. The notorious deception of the " Cock Lane Ghost ", in which Johnson took great interest, was perpetrated nearby. Adjoining the priory was St Mary's nunnery of the Benedictine order, now entirely disappeared, and St James's Church , rebuilt in 1792 on
2680-503: The inner parts of St Marylebone, St Pancras, Chelsea, Southwark and Lambeth. The boundary deviated from existing lines to include all central London railway stations , the Tower of London and the museums, such that it included small parts of Kensington, Shoreditch, Stepney and Bermondsey. It had an estimated population of 350,000 and occupied 7,000 acres (28 km ). "Scheme B" delineated central London, as one of 7 boroughs, including most of
2747-518: The lawlessness of the area. The locality was also known as a meeting place for gay men. The construction of the New River between 1604 and 1613 resulted in the creation of the New River Head in Clerkenwell, on what is now Rosebery Avenue . The New River was constructed to supply London with fresh drinking water from Hertfordshire , and the New River Head originally consisted of a circular reservoir,
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2814-512: The like noisome and disorderly houses, as namely poor cottages, and habitations of beggars and people without trade, stables, inns, alehouses, taverns, garden-houses converted to dwellings, ordinaries, dicing houses, bowling alleys, and brothel houses". During the Elizabethan era Clerkenwell contained a notorious brothel quarter. In Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 2 , Falstaff complains about Justice Shallow boasting of "the wildness of his youth, and
2881-603: The metropolitan board became the County of London in 1889. A reform of local government in 1900 abolished the Clerkenwell Vestry and the parish became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury . Alexandra Park , an exclave of the parish, was transferred to Hornsey , Middlesex at the same time. Clerkenwell Town Hall, which had been built on Rosebery Avenue in 1895, became Finsbury Town Hall . Finsbury became part of
2948-584: The original publications containing local history and information, topographical details, and family history are presented here, organized into volumes by county". Gomme's work has been digitised and indexed by Ancestry.com and is available online to Ancestry subscribers or at subscribing libraries. A four-volume set of indexes was compiled by Samuel Ayscough (Assistant Librarian of the British Museum ) with some assistance or later editing by John Nichols and by Gabriel Richard. The contents of these indexes are given as: Volume 2 includes an "Index of Names to
3015-423: The printing industry. It gained an especial reputation for the making of clocks , marine chronometers and watches , which activity once employed many people from around the area. Flourishing craft workshops still carry on some of the traditional trades, such as jewellery-making. Clerkenwell was home to Witherbys, a printing company who have now split ownership, with the printers having relocated to north London and
3082-695: The publishers to Scotland (see also the Witherby Publishing Group ). It was during the Industrial Revolution that Clerkenwell became known as London's Italian district, although the total number of Italian residents probably numbered no more than 2,000 at any one time. The Kodak United Company opened a factory and storefront at 41–43 Clerkenwell and took advantage of the surplus of unemployed Jewelers and Watch makers to build their Stereoscopic and Folding Pocket Cameras that they produced and repaired. The location also allowed them easy access to
3149-664: The rebuilt form of the Priory Gate. Its gateway, erected in 1504 in St John's Square, served various purposes after the Dissolution of the Monasteries . For example, it was the birthplace of the Gentleman's Magazine in 1731, and the scene of Dr Johnson 's work in connection with that journal. In modern times the gatehouse again became associated with the order and was in the early 20th century
3216-457: The site is now a campus of Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry . Black Mary’s Hole was a locality and small rural settlement in a low-lying area on the eastern, Clerkenwell side of the valley of the River Fleet . The area included fields called Black Mary’s Hole , and Robin Hood’s Field , which together with the name of the former local pub, The Fox at Bay , seem to reflect
3283-493: The site of the original church which was partly of Norman provenance. The Charterhouse , near the boundary with the City of London , was originally a Carthusian monastery. Following the Dissolution of the Monasteries the Charterhouse became a private mansion and one owner, Thomas Sutton, subsequently left it with an endowment as a school and almshouse . The almshouse remains but the school relocated to Surrey and its part of
3350-438: The site with the administration of London's water supply that was to last some 170 years. In 1920, the Metropolitan Water Board opened a new office building at New River Head, and this remained the headquarters for London's water supply up to the privatisation of the Thames Water Authority in 1989. The site is now largely in residential use, including both converted buildings and newly built apartment blocks. From 1810 to 1850,
3417-507: The streets surrounding the church. A small number of Italian businesses remain from the nineteenth century including organ builders Chiappa Ltd, and food outlets such as the deli Terroni of Clerkenwell and Gazzano's. Many other Italian firms survive from the period but have relocated elsewhere. Farringdon station is the only station in Clerkenwell itself. 12.618 million journeys began or ended at Farringdon in 2017–18. The station first opened in 1863 as Farringdon Street . Farringdon
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#17330863045653484-543: The term magazine (meaning "storehouse") for a periodical. Contributions to the magazine frequently took the form of letters, addressed to "Mr. Urban". The iconic illustration of St John's Gate , Clerkenwell , on the front of each issue (occasionally updated over the years) depicted Cave's home, in effect, the magazine's "office". Before the founding of The Gentleman's Magazine , there were specialised journals, but no such wide-ranging publications (although there had been attempts, such as The Gentleman's Journal , which
3551-437: The title formally "in print". In addition to an index for each year of The Gentleman's Magazine , which was usually published with the December issue of the magazine, a full index was compiled by the College of Arms and typed by the Genealogical Society of Utah. This 75-volume index, covering the years 1731–1850, gives the full name and an abbreviated reference to the date, event, and any other person(s) in each entry. The index
3618-485: The trade unions, the trade associations, social service societies, as well as shopping centres and centres of entertainment which attract people from the whole of Greater London and farther afield. In many other respects the central area differs from areas farther out in London. The rateable value of the central area is exceptionally high. Its day population is very much larger than its night population. Its traffic problems reach an intensity not encountered anywhere else in
3685-400: The well is managed by Islington Local History Centre and visits can be arranged by appointment. The Monastic Order of the Knights Hospitallers of St John of Jerusalem had its English headquarters at the Priory of Clerkenwell . ( The Blessed Gerard founded the Order to provide medical assistance during the crusades .) St John's Gate (built by Sir Thomas Docwra in 1504) survives in
3752-532: The western boundary with Holborn and, in part, St Pancras . This western boundary with both neighbouring areas is now used as part of the London Borough of Islington 's western boundary with the London Borough of Camden . Pentonville is a part of northern Clerkenwell, while the southern part is sometimes referred to as Farringdon, after the railway station of that name – which was named after Farringdon Road (an extension of Farringdon Street) and originally named Farringdon Street Station. Finsbury Town Hall and
3819-472: Was a monthly magazine founded in London , England, by Edward Cave in January 1731. It ran uninterrupted for almost 200 years, until 1922. It was the first to use the term magazine (from the French magazine , meaning "storehouse") for a periodical . Samuel Johnson 's first regular employment as a writer was with The Gentleman's Magazine . The original complete title was The Gentleman's Magazine: or, Trader's monthly intelligencer . Cave's innovation
3886-410: Was also the location of three prisons: the Clerkenwell Bridewell , Coldbath Fields Prison (later Clerkenwell Gaol) and the New Prison , later the Clerkenwell House of Detention , notorious as the scene of the Clerkenwell Outrage in 1867, an attempted prison break by Fenians who killed many in the tenement houses on Corporation Row in trying to blow a hole in the prison wall. The House of Detention
3953-413: Was altered in 2011 when a new Central London sub-region was created, now including the City of London and excluding Wandsworth. The 1901 Census defined Central London as the City of London and the metropolitan boroughs (subdivisions that existed from 1900 to 1965) of Bermondsey , Bethnal Green , Finsbury , Holborn , Shoreditch , Southwark , Stepney , St Marylebone and Westminster . During
4020-400: Was an area of Clerkenwell Green where bull-baiting , bear-baiting and similar activities occurred in the 17th and 18th centuries. Clerkenwell Green has historically been associated with radicalism, from the Lollards in the 16th century, the Chartists in the 19th century and communists in the early 20th century. In 1902, Vladimir Lenin moved the publication of the Iskra (Spark) to
4087-429: Was built in 1782, extended during the Victorian era , and by the early 21st century used as a Masonic hall. The name is something of a historical relic – Clerkenwell Green has had no grass for over 300 years. However, in conveying some impression of its history, it gives the appearance of one of the better-preserved village centres in what is now central London . In Charles Dickens 's Oliver Twist , Clerkenwell Green
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#17330863045654154-399: Was demolished in 1890 but the extensive vaults and cells beneath, now known as the Clerkenwell Catacombs, remained. They were reopened as air raid shelters during the Blitz, and for a few years were open as a minor tourist attraction. Various film scenes have been shot in the catacombs. The Industrial Revolution changed the area greatly. It became a centre for breweries , distilleries and
4221-439: Was edited by Peter Motteux and ran from 1692 to 1694). Samuel Johnson 's first regular employment as a writer was with The Gentleman's Magazine . During a time when parliamentary reporting was banned, Johnson regularly contributed parliamentary reports as "Debates of the Senate of Magna Lilliputia". Though they reflected the positions of the participants, the words of the debates were mostly Johnson's own. The name " Columbia ",
4288-419: Was read throughout the English-speaking world and continued to flourish through the 18th century and much of the 19th century under a series of different editors and publishers. It went into decline towards the end of the 19th century and finally ceased general publication in September 1907. However, issues consisting of four pages each were printed in very small editions between late 1907 and 1922 in order to keep
4355-511: Was split off as the parish of St John in 1723. However, for civil matters they remained a single parish. The Clerkenwell Vestry became a nominating authority to the Metropolitan Board of Works in 1855. Under the Metropolis Management Act 1855 any parish that exceeded 2,000 ratepayers was to be divided into wards; as such the parish of St James & St John Clerkenwell was divided into five wards (electing vestrymen ): No. 1 (12), No. 2 (15), No. 3 (12), No. 4 (18) and No. 5 (15). The area of
4422-441: Was the home of the Priory of St John and the site of a number of wells and spas, including Sadlers Wells and Spa Green. The well after which the area was named was rediscovered in 1924. The Marquess of Northampton owned much of the land in Clerkenwell, reflected in placenames such as Northampton Square , Spencer Street and Compton Street. The watchmaking and watch repairing trades were once of great importance, particularly in
4489-401: Was to create a monthly digest of news and commentary on any topic the educated public might be interested in, from commodity prices to Latin poetry . It carried original content from a stable of regular contributors, as well as extensive quotations and extracts from other periodicals and books. Cave, who edited The Gentleman's Magazine under the pen name "Sylvanus Urban", was the first to use
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