45-655: Earl of Clancarty is a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of Ireland . The title was created for the first time in 1658 in favour of Donough MacCarty, 2nd Viscount Muskerry , of the MacCarthy of Muskerry dynasty. He had earlier represented County Cork in the Irish House of Commons . Lord Clancarty had already been created a baronet in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia in c. 1638 , before he succeeded his father in
90-543: A confidence and supply agreement in the House of Commons, such as the Democratic Unionist Party in the 2017–2019 Parliament, are not considered crossbenchers. Instead, along with all other non-governing parties, they are considered part of the opposition and sit on the opposition benches. The crossbenchers do not take a collective position on issues, and so have no whips ; however, they do elect from among themselves
135-589: A Scottish origin is possible. The Barons Ashtown are members of another branch of the family. William Trench, 1st Earl of Clancarty , was the great-grandson of Frederick Trench, whose brother the Very Reverend John Trench was the great-grandfather of Frederick Trench, 1st Baron Ashtown . Trench Town in Jamaica gets its name from its previous designation as Trench Pen, 400 acres of land once used for livestock by Daniel Power Trench, an Irish immigrant of
180-696: A chamber with the Liberal / National Coalition having 30 seats, the Australian Labor Party with 26 seats, the Greens with 9 seats, One Nation with 4 seats and the Nick Xenophon Team with 3 seats. The other 4 seats were each won by Derryn Hinch , the Liberal Democratic Party , Family First , and Jacqui Lambie . The number of crossbenchers increased by two to a record 20 (all but the ones of
225-502: A convenor for administrative purposes, and to keep them up to date with the business of the House. The current convenor is The Earl of Kinnoull , who took the office in April 2023. While convenors are not part of the " usual channels " (i.e. the party whips who decide the business of the House), they have been included in their discussions in recent years. The following have served as Convenor of
270-576: A girl of eleven years of age. Their eldest boy bears the name of Lord Kilconnel. The countess, I may add, is likewise Marshioness Huesden, in the Netherlands. Peerage of Ireland The Peerage of Ireland consists of those titles of nobility created by the English monarchs in their capacity as Lord or King of Ireland , or later by monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . It
315-688: A whipping system. In December 2016, the Senate began to officially recognise the ISG and provide it with funding. Two additional groups were established in 2019: the Canadian Senators Group (which primarily focuses on regional issues) and the Progressive Senate Group (formed by members of the defunct Senate Liberal Caucus ). The Canadian Senate in 2022 generally aspires towards non-partisanship. Non-affiliated members outnumber members affiliated with
360-653: Is one of the five divisions of Peerages in the United Kingdom . The creation of such titles came to an end in the 19th century. The ranks of the Irish peerage are duke , marquess , earl , viscount and baron . As of 2016, there were 135 titles in the Peerage of Ireland extant: two dukedoms, ten marquessates, 43 earldoms, 28 viscountcies, and 52 baronies. However, these titles have no official recognition in Ireland , with Article 40.2 of
405-551: Is the only son of the Hon. Power Edward Ford Le Poer Trench, second son of the fifth Earl from his second marriage. The Earl of Clancarty sat in the House of Lords as Viscount Clancarty until the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999 and was re-elected as a Cross-Bench Peer on 23 June 2010. Several other members of the Trench family have gained distinction. Eyre Trench, brother of the first Earl,
450-661: The Bengal Staff Corps . The Hon. Sir Robert Le Poer Trench, ninth son of the first Earl, was a Colonel in the Army and a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath . The Hon. William Le Poer Trench , third son of the third Earl, was a Colonel in the Royal Engineers and briefly represented County Galway in the House of Commons . The Trench family claims French Huguenot descent, although
495-458: The Constitution of Ireland forbidding the state conferring titles of nobility and stating that an Irish citizen may not accept titles of nobility or honour except with the prior approval of the Irish government. In the following table, each peer is listed only by his highest Irish title, showing higher or equal titles in the other peerages. Those peers who are known by a higher title in one of
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#1732870052948540-524: The Curzon of Kedleston barony to George Curzon when he became Viceroy of India in 1898. Peers of Ireland have precedence below peers of England, Scotland, and Great Britain of the same rank, and above peers of the United Kingdom of the same rank; but Irish peers created after 1801 yield to United Kingdom peers of earlier creation. Accordingly, the Duke of Abercorn (the junior duke in the Peerage of Ireland) ranks between
585-689: The Duke of Sutherland and the Duke of Westminster (both dukes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom). When one of the Irish representative peers died, the Irish Peerage met to elect his replacement; but the office required to arrange this were abolished as part of the creation of the Irish Free State . The existing representative peers kept their seats in the House of Lords, but they have not been replaced. Since
630-529: The House of Lords at Westminster . Both before and after the Union, Irish peerages were often used as a way of creating peerages which did not grant a seat in the House of Lords of England (before 1707) or Great Britain (after 1707) and so allowed the grantee (such as Clive of India ) to sit in the House of Commons in London. As a consequence, many late-made Irish peers had little or no connection to Ireland, and indeed
675-486: The House of Lords Appointments Commission has nominated a total of 67 non-party-political life peers who joined the House of Lords as crossbenchers. As of 28 November 2024 , there are 184 crossbenchers, making up approximately 23 percent of the sitting members in the House of Lords. The Crossbench is typically the third-largest peerage group after the Conservative and Labour benches. From April 2007 to 2009,
720-493: The viscountcy . The title of Viscount Muskerry had been created in the Peerage of Ireland in 1628 for his father Charles MacCarthy . The first Earl Donough MacCarty was succeeded by his grandson Charles, the second Earl; he was the son of Charles MacCarty, Viscount Muskerry , who was killed during the Second Anglo-Dutch War . Charles, Lord Clancarty died as an infant and was succeeded by his uncle Callaghan MacCarty ,
765-408: The " official opposition ". Unlike the United Kingdom, the term is used by both the lower and upper houses of each parliament (where applicable), who sit on the crossbenches between the government and opposition benches. The last few federal elections have seen an increase in the size and power of the crossbench in both houses of Parliament. The Australian Parliament as elected at the 2010 election
810-465: The 1880 title " Baron Mount Temple , of Mount Temple in the County of Sligo", was recreated in 1932 as "Baron Mount Temple, of Lee in the County of Southampton". In the following table of the Peerage of Ireland as it currently stands, each peer's highest titles in each of the other peerages (if any) are also listed. Irish peers possessed of titles in any of the other peerages (except Scotland, which only got
855-515: The 18th century (descendants of the Earls of Clancarty). The family seat was Garbally Court , near Ballinasloe , County Galway . There is no heir to the earldom or the Marquessate of Heusden. When the will was opened it was found that [the 4th Earl] had left everything he possibly could away from his oldest son and heir, with whom he had been at daggers drawn since the divorce suit. The possession of
900-502: The Act permitted until at least 1856. But the pace then slowed, with only four more being created in the rest of the 19th century, and none in the 20th and 21st centuries. The last two grants of Irish peerages were the promotion of the Marquess of Abercorn (a peerage of Great Britain) to be Duke of Abercorn in the Irish Peerage when he became Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in 1868 and the granting of
945-498: The Coalition on confidence and supply. The resulting 76–74 margin entitled Labor to form a minority government . The Australian Senate, which uses the single transferable vote form of proportional representation to elect its 76-seat chamber, frequently has enough Senators on the crossbench that the governing party has to negotiate with it to get legislation passed. The 2 July 2016 double dissolution election , for example resulted in
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#1732870052948990-538: The Crossbenchers: In the federal Parliament of Australia as well as the parliaments of the Australian states and territories , the term crossbencher refers to any and all minor party and independent members of the parliaments. More precisely, a crossbencher is any member who is not part of the governing party or parties, nor the party or parties forming what is known in some other Commonwealth countries as
1035-613: The Greens, sit on the same side of the crossbench as the Labor benches. This tends not to be the case in the House of Representatives, both due to the different electoral system, which means fewer crossbenchers are elected, and the fact that the official government and opposition frontbenches extend across the inner rim of the entire hemicycle. In the New Zealand House of Representatives , MPs from parties that are not openly aligned with either
1080-599: The House of Lords who are not part of the crossbencher group; this includes some officers, such as the Lord Speaker, and others who are associated with a party but have had the whip withdrawn. Although non-affiliated members, and members of small parties, sometimes physically sit on the crossbenches, they are not members of the crossbench parliamentary group . An "increasing number" of crossbenchers have been created peers for non-political reasons. Since its establishment in May 2000,
1125-540: The Irish Parliament and had already been created Baron Kilconnel, of Garbally in the County of Galway, in 1797, and Viscount Dunlo, of Dunlo and Ballinasloe in the Counties of Galway and Roscommon , in 1801. These titles were in the Peerage of Ireland. Trench was a descendant of a daughter of the first Viscount Muskerry, hence his choice of title when elevated to an earldom in 1803. Lord Clancarty had nineteen children and
1170-685: The LPA/NPA coalition and the ALP: 9+4+3+4). The Liberal/National Coalition government required at least nine additional votes to reach a Senate majority. Generally speaking, Senators broadly aligned with the Coalition (such as those affiliated with the Australian Conservatives , One Nation, the Liberal Democratic Party, and Derryn Hinch) sit on the same side of the crossbench as the Coalition benches, while those more aligned with Labor, such as
1215-725: The chamber. Crossbench members of the British House of Lords are not aligned to any particular party. Until 2009, these included the Law Lords appointed under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 . In addition, former Speakers of the House of Commons (such as Lord Martin of Springburn and Baroness Boothroyd ) and former Lord Speakers of the House of Lords (such as Baroness Hayman and Baroness D'Souza ), who by convention are not aligned with any party, also sit as crossbenchers. There are also some non-affiliated members of
1260-609: The death of Francis Needham, 4th Earl of Kilmorey in 1961, none remains. The right of the Irish Peerage to elect representatives was abolished by the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1971 . Titles in the Peerage of the United Kingdom have also referred to places in Ireland, for example Baron Arklow (created 1801 and 1881) or Baron Killarney (created 1892 and 1920). Since partition, only places in Northern Ireland have been used, although
1305-427: The entailed estates, however, was sufficient to relieve Lady Dunlo, who had now become Countess of Clancarty, from any further necessity of remaining on the stage. A lawsuit was started by the new earl to upset his father's will, and ultimately a compromise was effected, whereby he recovered much of the nonentailed residuary property of his father. Lord and Lady Clancarty have now four sons, the oldest of them twins, and
1350-496: The government or the official opposition (such as those belonging to New Zealand First from 2011 to 2017) are sometimes referred to as crossbenchers, but those who support the government in confidence and supply agreements are regarded as part of the government and sit on the government benches, and often receive official roles as ministers outside the cabinet or as parliamentary under-secretaries. From 2008 to 2017, ACT New Zealand , Te Pāti Māori and United Future MPs supported
1395-559: The largest of these designated the official opposition (and their leader is designated Leader of the Opposition ). Opposition parties other than the official opposition are typically called third parties. Third parties that hold a certain threshold of seats are granted official party status . In 2022 the "official opposition" is the Conservatives; the bloc Québecois, the NDP, and the Greens are
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1440-401: The minority National Party government. As such, these MPs were not considered to be crossbenchers or part of the opposition, as they were represented within the government. The term "crossbencher" is generally not used for the federal Parliament of Canada or any of the provincial or territorial legislatures . Instead, any party that is not the governing party is an "opposition party", with
1485-740: The names of some Irish peerages refer to places in Great Britain (for example, the Earldom of Mexborough refers to a place in England and the Earldom of Ranfurly refers to a village in Scotland). Irish peerages continued to be created for almost a century after the union, although the treaty of union placed restrictions on their numbers: three needed to become extinct before a new peerage could be granted, until there were only one hundred Irish peers (exclusive of those who held any peerage of Great Britain subsisting at
1530-504: The noble title of baron. Two Irish earldoms have become extinct since the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999 , both in 2011: Cross-Bench A crossbencher is a minor party or independent member of some legislatures , such as the British House of Lords and the Parliament of Australia . They take their name from the crossbenches, between and perpendicular to the government and opposition benches, where crossbenchers sit in
1575-620: The number of crossbenchers was higher than the number of Conservative peers for the first time. Although the Lords Spiritual (archbishops and senior bishops of the Church of England ) also have no party affiliation, they are not considered crossbenchers and do not sit on the crossbenches, their seats being on the Government side of the Lords Chamber. Parties supporting a minority government in
1620-442: The opposition of his father who sold off much of the estate in retaliation. The fifth Earl's eldest son, the sixth Earl, died without surviving male issue and was succeeded by his younger brother, the seventh Earl (the fourth son of the first marriage of the fifth Earl). He died childless and was succeeded by his half-brother, the eighth Earl . He was a ufologist . As of 2017 the titles are held by his nephew, who succeeded in 1995. He
1665-622: The opposition. Beginning in 2016, multiple non-partisan caucuses which fulfill a similar purpose as crossbenchers were formed in the Senate of Canada . The first, the Independent Senators Group (ISG), was created partly as a response to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau 's decision to appoint more non-partisan Senators. Similar to crossbenchers in the UK, the ISG chooses its own leader and does not use
1710-519: The other peerages are listed in italics . A modest number of titles in the peerage of Ireland date from the Middle Ages . Before 1801, Irish peers had the right to sit in the Irish House of Lords , on the abolition of which by the Union effective in 1801 by an Act of 1800 they elected a small proportion – twenty-eight Irish representative peers – of their number (and elected replacements as they died) to
1755-517: The right to an automatic seat in 1963, with the Peerage Act 1963 ) had automatic seats in the House of Lords until 1999. The Earl of Darnley inherited the Baron Clifton in the Peerage of England in 1722–1900 and 1937–1999 as the barony is in writ . In Ireland, barony may also refer to a semi-obsolete political subdivision of a county . There is no connection between such a barony and
1800-559: The third Earl. On his death the titles passed to his son Donough MacCarty , the fourth Earl. He supported King James II and was attainted in 1691, with his titles forfeited. His son and heir apparent Robert MacCarty, Viscount Muskerry , served as Governor of Newfoundland but was excepted from the Indemnity Act 1747 , which pardoned Jacobites . The title was created for a second time in 1803 in favour of William Trench, 1st Viscount Dunlo . He had previously represented County Galway in
1845-439: The time of the union, or of the United Kingdom created since the union). There was a spate of creations of Irish peerages from 1797 onward, mostly peerages of higher ranks for existing Irish peers, as part of the negotiation of the Act of Union; this ended in the first week of January 1801, but the restrictions of the Act were not applied to the last few peers. In the following decades, Irish peerages were created at least as often as
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1890-455: Was a Lieutenant-General in the Army. The Most Reverend the Hon. Power Trench , third son of the first Earl, was Archbishop of Tuam . The Hon. William Le Poer Trench , fourth son of the first Earl, was a Rear-Admiral in the Royal Navy . The Venerable the Hon. Charles Le Poer Trench , fifth son of the first Earl, was Archdeacon of Ardagh . His son Henry Luke Trench was a Major-General in
1935-579: Was further honoured when he was made Viscount Clancarty, of the County of Cork, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. On 8 July 1815 he was entered into the Netherlands Nobility by King William I of the Netherlands and granted by Royal Decree the title Marquess of Heusden ( Dutch : Markies van Heusden ). Lord Clancarty's great-grandson, the fifth Earl , is notable for marrying an English music-hall singer Belle Bilton (1867–1906) in July 1889 against
1980-461: Was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He was a prominent politician and diplomat. Lord Clancarty notably served as President of the Board of Trade and as Ambassador to The Netherlands and sat in the House of Lords as an Irish representative peer from 1808 to 1837. In 1815 he was created Baron Trench, of Garbally in the County of Galway, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom , and in 1823 he
2025-555: Was the first hung parliament in the House of Representatives since the election of 1940 , with the Australian Labor Party and the Coalition winning 72 seats each of 150 total. Six crossbenchers held the balance of power : Greens MP Adam Bandt and Independent MP Andrew Wilkie , Rob Oakeshott and Tony Windsor declared their support for Labor on confidence and supply , Independent MP Bob Katter and National Party of Western Australia MP Tony Crook declared their support for
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