58-528: The Civil War Trust 's Civil War Discovery Trail is a heritage tourism program that links more than 600 U.S. Civil War sites in more than 30 states. The program is one of the White House Millennium Council 's sixteen flagship National Millennium Trails . Sites on the trail include battlefields, museums, historic sites, forts and cemeteries. In May 2018, the Civil War Trust, along with
116-676: A 10-day campaign that began with the Crossing of the Delaware and the surprise attack on the Hessian troops at Trenton, N.J. It was a turning point in the Revolutionary War. The Gettysburg Battlefield has faced two separate threats from proposed casinos. In 2005 a proposal was put forward to build a casino with 3,000 slot machines less than a mile from the Gettysburg Battlefield. Soon after
174-488: A Jeff Griffiths produced video declaring their opposition to the proposed Gettysburg casino. On April 14, 2011, the Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board voted to reject this second proposal to bring casino gambling to the doorstep of Gettysburg National Military Park. In May 2002, a regional developer announced a plan to build 2,300 houses and 2,000,000 square feet (190,000 m ) of commercial space on
232-560: A landowner wants to retain ownership the Trust can arrange a conservation easement to protect their property. Conservation easements prohibit development of property, conserving it in its present state. In its effort to protect American battlefields, the American Battlefield Trust attempts to leverage federal and state programs designed to foster preservation of historic and natural resources. The primary source of federal support for
290-636: A new Gettysburg Casino application was filed and the Trust, with a broad coalition of partners, undertook a successful campaign to prevent approval of this new application. Nearly 300 prominent historians wrote to the Pennsylvania Gaming Board, urging the rejection of the application. Susan Eisenhower, Emmy award-winning filmmaker Ken Burns , two-time Pulitzer Prize-winning author David McCullough , Medal of Honor recipient Paul W. Bucha, composer John Williams , and actors Matthew Broderick , Stephen Lang (actor) , and Sam Waterston were all featured in
348-687: A new logo. On November 11, 2014 ( Veterans Day ), the Trust partnered with the Society of the Cincinnati to launch "Campaign 1776", a subsidiary project designed to protect endangered battlefields from the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812 by acquiring battlefield lands. Federal matching grants for this program were enacted by Congress in December 2014. On May 8, 2018, the organization's name
406-549: A new organization created by the merger of two other national battlefield preservation groups, the Civil War Trust and the Association for the Preservation of Civil War Sites. Lighthizer had previously served as a member of the Civil War Trust's Board of Trustees. When Lighthizer became president at CWPT in 1999, the fledgling organization had 22,000 members and its predecessor organizations had protected 7,500 acres (30 km ) in
464-535: A standing committee for consideration and a public hearing. The president pro tempore appoints majority and minority whips and leaders. A bill is a proposal to change, repeal, or add to existing state law. A House Bill (HB) is one introduced in the House of Delegates (for example: HB 6); a Senate Bill (SB), in the Senate. Bills are designated by number, in the order of introduction in each house. For example, HB 16 refers to
522-629: A state ruled by the Palatine lord , Lord Baltimore. As ruler, Lord Baltimore owned directly all of the land granted in the charter, and possessed absolute authority over his domain. However, as elsewhere in British North America, British political institutions were re-created in the colonies, and the Maryland General Assembly fulfilled much the same function as the House of Commons . An act
580-546: Is a membership-driven organization that uses donated funds to protect battlefield land from the Civil War, the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. Land is acquired by the American Battlefield Trust from private sector parties at fair market value or by donation. Once land is acquired, the Trust is responsible for land stewardship and interpretation, often with assistance from local governments and other preservation groups. In cases where
638-575: Is in the preservation of battlefields of the Revolutionary War , the War of 1812 , and the American Civil War , through the acquisition of battlefield land. The American Battlefield Trust was formerly known as the Civil War Trust. On May 8, 2018, the organization announced the creation of the American Battlefield Trust as the umbrella organization for two divisions, the Civil War Trust and
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#1733085240770696-546: Is located in Washington, D.C. The president of the American Battlefield Trust is David N. Duncan, formerly the Trust's Chief Development Officer, who served as the organization's chief fund raiser from March 2000 until taking over as president in October 2020 upon the retirement of O. James Lighthizer , who had led the non-profit since November 1999. In December 1999, Lighthizer accepted the presidency of Civil War Preservation Trust,
754-639: Is presented to those charitable organizations that exhibit strong results and financial discipline. The Trust is one of only four Arts, Culture, Humanities institutions in the entire country with 11 or more consecutive 4-star ratings. The others are the New York Public Library , the Georgia Historical Society and the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts . In 2020, video productions created by
812-639: Is submitted by the State Central Committee of the same political party as the legislator whose seat is to be filled. The current pattern for distribution of seats began with the legislative apportionment plan of 1972 and has been revised every ten years thereafter according to the results of the decennial U.S. Census . A Constitutional amendment, the plan created 47 legislative districts, many of which cross county boundaries to delineate districts relatively equal in population. Each legislative district elects one senator and three delegates. In most districts,
870-676: Is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maryland that convenes within the State House in Annapolis . It is a bicameral body : the upper chamber , the Maryland Senate , has 47 representatives, and the lower chamber , the Maryland House of Delegates , has 141 representatives. Members of both houses serve four-year terms. Each house elects its own officers, judges the qualifications and election of its own members, establishes rules for
928-707: Is the chairman of the board of trustees of the American Battlefield Trust. A retired investment banker and financial executive, Daum also serves on executive committee and board of the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, Sheltering Arms (a New York-based social services agency), the Royal Oak Foundation (the US affiliate of the UK National Trust), and the Visiting Nurse Service of New York. He
986-449: Is the former chair of Out2Play, which built over 100 playgrounds for New York City public schools. To commemorate the sesquicentennial of the Civil War, in 2011 the Trust began a significant fundraising initiative. By April 2014, the organization had met the initial $ 40 million fundraising goal of Campaign 150: Our Time, Our Legacy more than a year early, and chose to raise its goal to an unprecedented $ 50 million. In June 2015, as
1044-663: The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), which owned the land and had planned to develop the property with a mix of 15 single-family homes and town homes to increase faculty housing. To fight the proposed development, the Trust created the Save Princeton Coalition, which included the Trust's "Campaign 1776" division, the American Association for State and Local History, the American Revolution Institute of
1102-783: The Piedmont Environmental Council , the National Parks Conservation Association , Preservation Virginia and a group of concerned local residents, the Civil War Trust opposed the construction of a Walmart Supercenter on the Wilderness Battlefield in Orange County, Virginia . Following a nationwide outcry from preservationists and historians alike, Walmart Stores, Inc. announced in January 2011 that it had "decided to preserve" rather than develop
1160-654: The United States Department of the Interior in 2010. The Trust's membership magazine, Hallowed Ground , has been honored in the APEX Awards for Publication Excellence each year since 2009. The Trust's Gettysburg Animated Map, produced by Wide Awake Films, received a 2014 Silver Telly Award in the Online/Historical Programs category. Maryland General Assembly The Maryland General Assembly
1218-656: The 790-acre (3.2 km ) Mullins Farm, site of the first day of fighting at the Battle of Chancellorsville . Soon thereafter, the Civil War Trust formed the Coalition to Save Chancellorsville , a network of national and local preservation groups, that waged a vocal campaign against the development. For nearly a year, the Coalition mobilized local citizens, held candlelight vigils and hearings, and encouraged residents to become more involved in preservation. Public opinion polling conducted by
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#17330852407701276-520: The American Battlefield Trust closed on the purchase 14.85 acres of "Maxwell's Field" on the Princeton Battlefield, where General George Washington personally led a daring counterattack against British troops on the morning of January 3, 1777, turning a losing battle into one of his greatest victories against the Redcoats in the Revolutionary War. The landmark $ 4 million acquisition was made with
1334-457: The Civil War Trust's "Preservationist of the Year" award for his efforts to save Morris Island. At one time, development plans called for a 20-unit luxury house development on Cummings Point (the site of Fort Wagner). In early 2005, the landowner tried unsuccessfully to sell the property on eBay . At the end of 2005, a preservation-friendly developer acquired the property. He later agreed to sell it to
1392-547: The Civil War Trust. The merged organization was originally named the Civil War Preservation Trust. The merger, unanimously approved by the boards of both predecessor groups, streamlined efforts to protect America's most endangered parcels of Civil War history by acquisition of battlefield lands. On January 11, 2011, the Civil War Preservation Trust shortened its name to the Civil War Trust, and added
1450-416: The Civil War sesquicentennial concluded, the Trust announced that it had met its revised goal and raised a total of $ 52.5 million during the four-year effort. The American Battlefield Trust, formerly The Civil War Trust, has received 11 consecutive 4-Star awards from Charity Navigator and 12 in all covering the years 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. This award
1508-515: The Coalition found that more than two-thirds of local residents opposed the development. The survey also found that 90 percent of local residents believed their county has a responsibility to protect Chancellorsville and other historic resources. As a result of these efforts, in March 2003 the Spotsylvania County Board of Supervisors denied the rezoning application that would have allowed for
1566-475: The Commonwealth of Virginia. In addition to preserving Civil War battlefield land, the American Battlefield Trust conducts programs designed to inform the public about the events and consequences of the Civil War, the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, create a personal connection to the past and foster an understanding of the need for preservation and how it benefits society. The American Battlefield Trust
1624-535: The General Assembly adjourned early on March 18, 2020, for the first time since the Civil War . Each senator or delegate must be a U.S. citizen and a resident of Maryland for at least one year preceding his or her election. A prospective legislator must have resided in the legislative district the candidate seeks to represent for the six months prior to election. A senator must be at least twenty-five years of age at
1682-571: The Revolutionary War Trust, changed operational structure to function as land preservation divisions of the American Battlefield Trust . The places of the formerly named trail are highlighted on the American Battlefield Trust's website as heritage sites. The following is a list of these sites as of March 2014. Civil War Trust The American Battlefield Trust is a charitable organization ( 501(c)(3) ) whose primary focus
1740-609: The Revolutionary War Trust, which was formerly known as "Campaign 1776". The American Battlefield Trust also promotes educational programs and heritage tourism initiatives to inform the public about these three conflicts and their significance in American history. On May 31, 2018, the Trust announced that with the acquisition of 13 acres (5.3 ha) at the Cedar Creek battlefield in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia , it had reached
1798-974: The Society of the Cincinnati, the National Coalition for History, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, the Princeton Battlefield Society, the New Jersey Chapter of the Sierra Club, and the National Parks Conservation Association. The 14.85-acre parcel, which is adjacent to the current Princeton Battlefield State Park, constitutes about of two-thirds of Maxwell's Field. Although the IAS brought in heavy equipment and began to remove trees, it participated in negotiations with
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1856-517: The Transportation Enhancement program and the Farm and Ranch Protection Program. The American Battlefield Trust has also leveraged funds made available by state and local governments. The American Battlefield Trust has preserved more than 58,000 acres (230 km ) of battlefield land from the Civil War, the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812 at more than 160 battlefields in 25 states within
1914-573: The Trust for Public Land (TPL) for preservation purposes a few months later. In 2008, the Trust engaged in fundraising efforts in support of the State of South Carolina , City of Charleston , and the Trust for Public Land's $ 3m effort that would preserve an additional 117 acres (0.47 km ) of Morris Island. Together with the Friends of Wilderness Battlefield, the National Trust for Historic Preservation ,
1972-605: The Trust in association with Wide Awake Films earned Silver Medal honors in major international competitions from the Society of Publication Designers and the Telly Awards, showcasing the innovative means available to bring the past alive through this medium. The Trust received a 2012 accreditation from the Better Business Bureau 's Wise Giving Alliance. The Trust was awarded the "Partner in Conservation Award" by
2030-550: The United States. Key battlefield preservation initiatives and acquisitions include: As of mid-2021, the American Battlefield Trust has preserved over 53,000 acres (210 km ) at more than 145 battlefields in 24 states at the following sites: To further its aim of preserving American Civil War battlefields, the Trust has engaged in grassroots and community outreach efforts and had conducted campaigns against development projects that have threatened battlefields. In May 2018,
2088-473: The coalition and in December 2016 reached a breakthrough agreement that preserved most of the site of Washington's charge while clearing the way for the IAS to build 16 town homes on its remaining acreage. The Trust and the IAS have further committed to restore the battlefield site, which will ultimately be conveyed to the State of New Jersey and added to the contiguous state park. Washington's victory at Princeton ended
2146-521: The colonial Assembly ceased to exist, and was replaced by its modern successor. Starting in 1867, the Assembly became increasingly unrepresentative. As the population of Baltimore increased, it and other urban areas were not granted additional seats. By 1918, the city's population had increased 175% while the entire state gained only 46% with no reallocation of political power. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic ,
2204-519: The conduct of its business, and may punish or expel its own members. The General Assembly convenes its legislative session for 90 days each year to act on more than 2,300 bills including the state's annual budget, which it must pass before adjourning sine die . The General Assembly's 446th session convened on January 10, 2024. The forerunner of the Maryland General Assembly was the colonial institution, an Assembly of Free Marylanders (and also Council of Maryland). Maryland's foundational charter created
2262-570: The development of the site. Immediately following the vote, the Civil War Trust and other Coalition members began working to acquire the battlefield. By working with county officials and developers, the Civil War Trust acquired 140 acres (0.57 km ) in 2004 and another 74 acres (0.30 km ) in 2006. With the help of the Civil War Trust, the Morris Island Coalition was formed in early 2004 to oppose development on historic Morris Island outside Charleston, South Carolina . Morris Island
2320-510: The hallowed ground. "We stand ready to work with Walmart to put this controversy behind us and protect the battlefield from further encroachment," Lighthizer stated. "We firmly believe that preservation and progress need not be mutually exclusive, and welcome Walmart as a thoughtful partner in efforts to protect the Wilderness Battlefield." In November 2013, Walmart donated the historic site comprising more than 50 acres (0.20 km ) to
2378-690: The historic site where local officials had given the company permission to construct its newest superstore in 2009. Pulitzer Prize-winning author and historian James McPherson had identified the site as part of "the nerve center of the Union Army during the Battle of the Wilderness." Trust President Jim Lighthizer praised Walmart's decision, stating that founder Sam Walton , a veteran of the Second World War , would have been "proud" of his company's move to preserve
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2436-431: The legislative process significantly. The President and the Speaker appoint the members of most committees and name their chairs and vice-chairs, except in the case of the Joint Committee on Investigation whose members elect their own officers. The President and Speaker preside over the daily sessions of their respective chambers, maintaining decorum and deciding points of order. As legislation is introduced, they assign it to
2494-417: The major part of them ... shall think good. In addition, the Lord Proprietor could summon any delegates whom he desired. In 1639, noting that Parliament had not been summoned in England for a decade, the free men of Maryland passed an act to the effect that "assemblies were to be called once in every three years at the least", ensuring that their voices would be regularly heard. During the American Revolution
2552-484: The merger of the two predecessor organizations in November 1999. A former member of the Maryland General Assembly and former county executive of Anne Arundel County, Maryland , Lighthizer also served as Maryland Secretary of Transportation from 1991 to 1995, where he pioneered the concept of using Transportation Enhancement highway funds to protect thousands of acres of Civil War battlefield land in Maryland through acquisitions or easements. On January 13, 2021, Lighthizer
2610-403: The milestone of 50,000 acres (200 km ) of battlefield land acquired and preserved. Since 1987, the Trust and its federal, state, and local partners have preserved land in 25 states at more than 160 battlefields of the American Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the American Civil War. More than 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) were acquired and preserved from 2014 to 2018. As of October 2024,
2668-415: The preservation of Civil War battlefields is the Civil War Battlefield Preservation Program (CWBPP), administered by the American Battlefield Protection Program (ABPP), an office of the National Park Service . CWBPP is designed to promote the preservation of significant Civil War battlefields by offering competitive matching grants for qualifying preservation opportunities. Other federal sources include
2726-487: The previous 13 years. During Lighthizer's tenure as president of the CWPT and the Civil War Trust, the group has added more than 32,500 acres (132 km ) of protected land, and has 200,000 members and supporters nationwide. Lighthizer was also the architect of the 2006 purchase of the 208-acre Slaughter Pen Farm on the Fredericksburg Battlefield. The $ 12 million acquisition was the most expensive private battlefield preservation effort in American history. Robert C. Daum
2784-406: The proposal was announced, the Civil War Trust joined forces with a local concerned citizens group called No Casino Gettysburg to advocate against the proposal. Later, the Trust formed the Stop the Slots Coalition , a collection of national and local groups opposed to the casino. On December 20, 2006, the Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board voted to reject the Gettysburg casino proposal. In 2010,
2842-443: The retirement of O. James Lighthizer . Duncan became the Trust's chief fundraiser after his hiring in March 2000 and helped raise more than $ 240 million during his two decades in that position. A native of Virginia, Duncan is a graduate of James Madison University and was a political fund raiser for a direct mail company before joining the Trust. Lighthizer served as president of the Trust for more than 20 years, taking charge upon
2900-447: The sixteenth bill introduced in the House of Delegates. The numbering starts afresh each session. The names of the sponsor (and co-sponsors, if any), the legislator who introduced the bill, becomes part of the title. Bills listed as "The Speaker (By Request of Administration)", "The President (By Request of Administration)", "Minority Leader (By Request of Administration)", or "Committee Chair (By Request of Department)" are bills proposed by
2958-462: The three delegates are elected at large from the whole district via block voting . However, in some more sparsely populated areas of the state, the districts are divided into subdistricts for the election of delegates: either into three one-delegate subdistricts or one two-delegate subdistrict and one one-delegate subdistrict. The Senate is led by a President and the House by a Speaker whose respective duties and prerogatives enable them to influence
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#17330852407703016-405: The time of election and a delegate at least twenty-one. Military officers other than members of the reserves are not eligible for election to the General Assembly. Each term lasts four years. However, members of the General Assembly are not term-limited . If a vacancy occurs in either house through death, resignation, or disqualification, the Governor of Maryland appoints a replacement whose name
3074-448: The total land saved exceeded 58,000 acres (230 km ). The organization was originally founded in 1987 as the Association for the Preservation of Civil War Sites (APCWS), to save Civil War battlefield land. APCWS acquired thousands of acres of battlefield land as well as offering educational tours and seminars with prominent historians. The original Civil War Trust, a second non-profit focused on preserving Civil War battlefields,
3132-409: Was awarded the National Humanities Medal by President Donald J. Trump in a ceremony at the White House for his work in battlefield preservation. Since its formation, the Trust has grown to nearly 200,000 members and supporters and has permanently preserved more than 58,000 acres of American battlefield land from the Civil War, the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. The American Battlefield Trust
3190-444: Was changed to the American Battlefield Trust to reflect its expanded mission to include land preservation not only of Civil War battlefields, but also the battlefields of the American Revolution and the War of 1812. The president of the American Battlefield Trust is David N. Duncan, the organization's longtime former Chief Development Officer, who was appointed to the top position by the Board of Trustees effective October 1, 2020, upon
3248-432: Was formed in 1991. The Civil War Trust helped acquire and preserve 6,700 acres (27 km ) of land in the eight years of its existence and conducted education and heritage tourism programs to educate the public about the significance of the war and of battlefield preservation. The current organization was created on November 19, 1999, through the merger of the Association for the Preservation of Civil War Sites (APCWS) and
3306-403: Was passed providing that: from henceforth and for ever everyone being of the council of the Province and any other gentleman of able judgement summoned by writ (and the Lord of every Manor within this Province after Manors be erected) shall and may have his voice, seat, and place in every General Assembly ... together with two or more able and sufficient men for the hundred as the said freedmen or
3364-437: Was the scene of the charge of the 54th Massachusetts Infantry on Fort Wagner , famously depicted in the film Glory . The Coalition, led by local resident Blake Hallman, generated local government support for preservation of Morris Island. Press reaction was favorable as well, and public opinion polls found that an overwhelming number of Charleston residents wanted to see the barrier island remain undeveloped. Hallman earned
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