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115-452: Alexei Kudrin , who took part in the 2011–2013 Russian protests and wished to play the role of mediator between the opposition and the government, created in April 2012 the "Committee for Civil Initiatives", the name for which was invented by Nechayev and liked the former finance minister. However, Nechayev initially planned to create a party together with Kudrin, and he did not mind. Such a project

230-732: A Corporate Development Advisor. Kudrin was santioned by the OFAC for operating in the technology sector of the Russian Federation economy. Kudrin has been married twice, having a son from his current marriage and a daughter from his previous marriage. His hobbies include tennis, swimming and music. Yabloko The Russian United Democratic Party Yabloko ( RUDP Yabloko ; Russian: Росси́йская объединённая демократи́ческая па́ртия «Я́блоко» , romanized : Rossiyskaya obyedinyonnaya demokraticheskaya partiya "Yabloko" , IPA: [ˈjabɫəkə] , lit.   ' apple ' )

345-515: A candidate for mayor of Novosibirsk. A few days before the vote, Starikov and a number of candidates withdrew from the elections in favor of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation candidate Anatoly Lokot , thanks to which he won. Later Starikov was appointed the representative of Novosibirsk in Moscow in the rank of vice-mayor. Civic Initiative candidate Yury Vyazov won the early elections for

460-596: A candidate. Earlier, before her nomination, Ksenia proposed to Navalny to develop a plan in case he was not registered or his wife Yulia was considered as a possible candidate, but the oppositionist refused both proposals since the votes of people ready to vote for him, he said, not transferred. For the first time, Navalny spoke about Sobchak's nomination as follows: "Ksenia Sobchak, being a Russian citizen over 35 years old and not in prison, has every right to nominate her candidacy.". However, Navalny would later speak out sharply calling Sobchak "a caricatured liberal candidate with

575-480: A cannibalistic position", and she, in return, will accuse him of wanting to have a monopoly on opposition. At a press conference with President Putin, Sobchak spoke about Navalny: “There is a candidate Navalny, who has been campaigning for a year now. Fictitious criminal cases were specially created against him. Their fictitiousness was proven in the European Convention on Human Rights ." Navalny praised her for

690-484: A decision on this issue, the party joined forces in the election campaign with the Party of Growth ". Party chairman Andrey Nechayev often tries to unite democratic forces, but this happens very rarely. He spoke about Yavlinsky 's inability to negotiate and reproaches Navalny for destroying the democratic coalition. On March 13, 2018, Vedomosti reported that Ksenia Sobchak and Dmitry Gudkov would announce on March 15

805-572: A founding congress. Yavlinsky became the head of the central council. Already during this period, there were some changes in the leadership. In 1994 part of the representatives of the Republican Party , headed by Vladimir Lysenko, left the bloc. At the same time, the Regional Center Party from St. Petersburg joined Yabloko as a regional organization. In September 1995, due to disagreements on some fundamental issues, Yury Boldyrev left

920-606: A leadership position in the Russian part of Yandex. At the end of September, Pavel Demidov, a longtime employee of Kudrin, moved from the Accounts Chamber to Yandex to the position of GR manager. In November 2022, Putin asked the Federation Council to dismiss Kudrin from his position as head of the Accounts Chamber. The Federation Council will hold a vote on November 30. On December 9, 2022, Kudrin started working at Yandex as

1035-507: A new party with a liberal-democratic ideology. Since the creation of the organizing committee, the party has often taken part in mass actions ("March of Millions", March against the Dima Yakovlev Law , "Right to Arms" rally, "May 6 Prisoners" rally, "For Free Business" rally, "Peace March", "The Rally For a Green Moscow", etc.), in 2020 the party participated in the organization of the "March in memory of Boris Nemtsov». On March 2, 2013,

1150-705: A researcher at the Institute of Social and Economic Problems of the Academy of Sciences. Kudrin has authored over 15 scientific works in the fields economics and finance, including topics such as competition and anti-monopoly policy in the Soviet economy of the transition period. From 1990 to 1996, Kudrin worked in the Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg City Administration under the liberal mayor and reformer Anatoly Sobchak . His first position

1265-411: A result, in the presidential election (March 18, 2018), candidate Ksenia Sobchak gained 1,238,031 votes or 1.68%, taking 4th place. Her result was the highest among candidates with liberal programs ( Yavlinsky - 1.05% and Titov - 0.76%). In an interview with Dozhd , Sobchak announced her readiness to discuss the withdrawal of her candidacy, if Alexei Navalny succeeds in obtaining registration as

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1380-520: A single candidate to the State Duma . Boris Titov believes that the party has conducted the best of all election campaigns. He connects the election result with the existing strong apathy among entrepreneurs and people of liberal views. Ksenia Sobchak , declaring that she supports the Civic Initiative program, on December 23, 2017, joined her political council. At the same time, she was nominated by

1495-539: A small faction in the State Duma ; in 2003, four single-mandate deputies passed from Yabloko to the Duma: one of them joined United Russia , and three joined the informal group of independent democrats. After the tightening of Russian legislation in 2011, only 7 registered political parties remained in Russia, among which was Yabloko. In 2011, the party managed to obtain the right to state funding, which allowed further functioning of

1610-496: A vote of no confidence in the government, which, however, was not approved by the Duma. Since 2003, Yabloko's position has worsened. In the 2003 State Duma elections , the Yabloko party received 4.3% of the vote (less than the 5% threshold) and did not receive seats in the State Duma on party lists (only 4 candidates from the party went through single-mandate constituencies). Interestingly,

1725-602: Is a social-liberal political party in Russia . The party consequently participated in the elections of deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of all eight convocations. Until 2003, Yabloko was represented by a faction in the State Duma and later until 2007 by individual deputies. In March 2002, the party became a full member of the Liberal International , and since November 1998, it has been in observer status. The founder of

1840-536: Is a Russian liberal politician and economist. Previously he served as the Chairman of the Accounts Chamber from 2018 to 2022 and as Minister of Finance from 2000 to 2011. Since December 9, 2022 Corporate Development Advisor at Yandex . After graduating with degrees in finance and economics, Kudrin worked in the administration of Saint Petersburg 's liberal Mayor Anatoly Sobchak . In 1996, he started working in

1955-400: Is a tragedy, suffering, and death of people, and this will never be corrected. The reason for the tragedy is lies, cruelty, and absolute indifference to the people of the Russian authorities. The Yabloko party considers the war with Ukraine to be the gravest crime. We believe that this war is contrary to the national interests of Russia and destroys the future of Russia.” On February 28, 2022,

2070-518: Is for the legalization of the possession of weapons. The party has strongly condemned the murder of Boris Nemtsov . Most often, despite the collected signatures for the nomination of municipal deputies, party lists are denied registration from local election commissions under various pretexts. On November 25, 2019, the Ministry of Justice filed a lawsuit with the Supreme Court demanding the suspension of

2185-646: Is praised by the professional community, it is especially important." Since his retirement from September 2011 to May 2022, Kudrin has been the Dean of the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences of St. Petersburg University. As of 2016, he is co-chairman of the board of trustees of the Mariinsky Theatre , and the chairman of the foundation of the board of trustees of the European University at St. Petersburg . Kurdrin

2300-603: Is represented. Following the results of the elections on December 4, 2011 to the regional parliaments , Yabloko formed its own factions in three regions: St. Petersburg (6 seats out of 50 in the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg: Grigory Yavlinsky became the head of the faction), Karelia (4 seats out of 50 in the Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia ), Pskov Region (1 deputy seat out of 44 in

2415-473: Is rightly praised for his commitment to tax and budget reform, Russia’s desire to join the World Trade Organization (WTO) and continuing the progress in privatization." In the award ceremony, Kudrin said: "Russia has already learnt this lesson; it was able to prepare and pass through this period. In this context, this is a result. And when you see your result, you feel satisfied. And when the result

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2530-680: Is the head of the Civil Initiatives Committee , a Non Governmental Organization which promotes Human Right and development of Civil society in Russia. At the opening of the All-Russian Civil Forum, organized by his Committee, Kudrin said the Law on non-governmental organizations - "foreign agents" should be abolished or completely reworded. Kudrin said in November 2014 that "Formal and informal sanctions have already seriously impacted

2645-697: The AIDS.Center Anton Krasovsky ( previously headed Mikhail Prokhorov 's headquarters), a Belarusian political strategist who worked with the headquarters of the Angela Merkel and Barack Obama , Vitaly Shklyarov, director of external relations of the Snob project Ksenia Chudinova, director Sergei Kalvarsky, former editor-in-chief of the Political News Agency Stanislav Belkovsky , human rights activist Marina Litvinovich , blogger and former member of

2760-629: The Defense Ministry of the Soviet Union , before entering Leningrad State University to study economy. He graduated in 1983, and got an internship at the Leningrad Institute of Social and Economic Problems . In December 1985, he entered the internal postgraduate school at the Institute of Economics of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union , where he later received his PhD. He then worked as

2875-695: The Liberal Democratic Party also was nominated for this post. On 21 May, Vladimir Putin nominated Kudrin for the chairman. On 22 May, State Duma approved Kudrin in office, with 264 votes in favor. On the same day, the speaker of the State Duma Vyacheslav Volodin introduced Kudrin to the members of the Accounts Chamber. On 25 September 2019, Russia took over the presidency of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions , and Kudrin took over as president of

2990-618: The Pskov Regional Assembly of Deputies). In the elections on December 4, 2011, the Yabloko party received 6.72% of votes on party lists to the Pskov Regional Assembly of Deputies, to the Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia – 7.13% of the votes, to the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg – 12 .50%. In 2015, Yabloko adopted a Political Memorandum, which is a summary of the party's ideology. The new version of

3105-578: The Russian Opposition Coordination Council Rustem Adagamov , Timur Valeev (head of the Open Elections project at Mikhail Khodorkovsky 's Open Russia ) and former VK press secretary Georgy Lobushkin. Also Demyan Kudryavtsev, whose family owned the newspaper Vedomosti , gave Ksenia advice related to the campaign. On February 13, 2018, it became known that Sergei Kovalev , the first ombudsman for human rights in

3220-513: The Saint Petersburg regional branch of Yabloko (in 2003-2012) Maxim Reznik and others. On March 1, 2019, the youth movement "Petersburg - City of Changes!" was created in St. Petersburg in order to counteract the activity of the "Party of Changes" in the city, the municipal elections, and the election of the governor of St. Petersburg. In April 2019, it became known that Sobchak had stopped funding

3335-633: The election was announced by Dmitry Kisiev, founder of the Candidates’ Headquarters, on his social media. On 31 October 2023, Nadezhdin publicly announced that he will run from the Civic Initiative party. Ahead of the September 2015 regional elections, it was announced that the party had become a member of a democratic opposition coalition, which plans to participate with a single list from the People's Freedom Party in six elections in three regions, but

3450-537: The free market . Under Kudrin, Russia's government paid most of the substantial foreign debt it had accumulated in the 1990s, leaving the country with one of the lowest foreign debts among major economies . Much of the revenue from exports was accumulated at the Stabilization Fund which helped Russia to come out of the 2008–2009 global financial crisis in a much better state than many experts expected. During his career, Kudrin has won several awards, including

3565-598: The "Finance Minister of the Year 2005" award by the Banker magazine . On 21 August 2006, Russia paid its debts, totalling $ 23.7 billion to the Paris Club . Simon Pirani, writing for Emerging Markets , praised Kudrin's refusal to be "blown off course by other ministers' whims" in his quest to repay the debt. He also credited Kudrin with sound conduct of the ruble exchange rate and capable fiscal management that has arguably helped to prevent

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3680-465: The "Finance Minister of the Year 2010" prize from Euromoney magazine. He was asked to resign from his position on 26 September 2011 by President Dmitry Medvedev . From 2011 to 2022, he was the dean of the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences in St. Petersburg State University . As of 2016, he is co-chairman of the board of trustees of the Mariinsky Theatre , and the chairman of the board of trustees of

3795-507: The 2007 elections , only 1.59% of voters voted for Yabloko, and the party did not enter the State Duma again. In 2008 the party had 58,540 members. In the 2011 elections according to official data from the CEC, 3.43% of voters (2.25 million people) voted for Yabloko. In these elections, the party more than doubled its result but still did not get into the State Duma . However, this result gave Yabloko

3910-474: The City Projects Foundation. The decision of the bureau announced that Katz tried to gain control over the Moscow branch of the party by creating an "artificial majority" of his supporters who voted unanimously. Katz announced his intention to appeal the bureau's decision. In 2021, mass expulsions from the party as part of the “fight against katzism” and for signing open appeals of party members to

4025-496: The Congress continued. At least 98 members were expelled from the Moscow branch (according to one of the excluded – more than 200). The expelled members announced that they would form a new, independent from the party leadership organization, as well as that the current leadership of the party "is conducting a systematic fight against civil society", "justifies the repressions" and "accuses those who fight against them". The creation of

4140-540: The Federal Political Committee of the party decided to withdraw from the election candidates who supported the idea of Smart Voting Alexei Navalny . Several Yabloko members criticized the party's policies and demanded the leadership to resign. On October 26, 2021, the members of the Arkhangelsk regional branch of Yabloko published a statement, in which they demanded that the central political committee of

4255-628: The Head of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region , held on September 14, 2014, with 46.62% of the vote. In 2015, the political council of the party included Vladimir Ryzhkov , Dmitry Nekrasov, Maxim Katz , Dmitry Gudkov and Gennady Gudkov . The party made a decision to nominate candidates for deputies of the Legislative Assembly of the Kaluga Region. Among others, the candidates were

4370-488: The II Congress of Yabloko (September 1995 ), the program document "The Path of Russian Reforms" was adopted, containing a negative assessment of the first results of Russian reforms, which were characterized as follows: The congress document formulated a fundamental vision of the reforms – that they should be carried out in the interests of the majority of the population. The idea was put forward to return control powers to

4485-690: The Party of Social Liberalism the Russian Democratic Party Yabloko was officially created, which advocates the European path of development of the Russian Federation and is a member of several international and European organizations. Since November 1998, the Yabloko association has had observer status with the Liberal International and participated in its events. At the 51st Congress of the Liberal International , held on March 21–23, 2002 in Budapest,

4600-530: The Party of Changes. Dmitry Gudkov left the party in March 2020, not wanting to interfere with the struggle to preserve the structure. Nechayev became the chairman of the party again, the name remained the same - "Civic Initiative". Alexei Kudrin Alexei Leonidovich Kudrin (Russian: Алексе́й Леони́дович Ку́дрин , IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsʲej lʲɪɐˈnʲidəvʲɪtɕ ˈkudrʲɪn] ; born 12 October 1960)

4715-600: The Post-Industrial Society Research Center, and Andrey Nechayev, party leader, and Avdotya Smirnova (in the part related to inclusive society and provisions related to this area in the program) and lawyer Elena Lukyanova (provisions related to constitutional reform). In addition to these individuals, Sobchak's campaign headquarters included: one of the founders of the NTV television company Igor Malashenko, who campaigned for Boris Yeltsin in 1996 , director of

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4830-516: The Presidential Administration of Boris Yeltsin . He was appointed as Finance Minister on 28 May 2000 and held the post for 11 years, making him the longest-serving Finance Minister in post-Soviet Russia up to that point. In addition, he was Deputy Prime Minister from 2000 to 2004 and again beginning in 2007. As Finance Minister, Kudrin was widely credited with prudent fiscal management, commitment to tax and budget reform and championing

4945-622: The Russian Federation Alexander Korzhakov , First Deputy Prime Minister Oleg Soskovets , Defense Minister Pavel Grachev , head of the presidential administration Nikolai Yegorov , director of the FSS Mikhail Barsukov. Since these conditions were not accepted, Yavlinsky and his team did not enter the government. Some members of the Yabloko faction nevertheless accepted the proposals of the executive branch. Mikhail Zadornov and Oksana Dmitrieva became members of

5060-450: The Russian Federation, would become the confidant of the candidate Ksenia Sobchak for the presidency, but a day later he refused this, stating that “one should not undertake what is not you know how to do in the best possible way, and in what you do not feel firmly convinced". The sponsors of the Sobchak campaign were Serguei Adoniev (co-owner of Yota Devices), Alexander Fedotov (president of

5175-478: The Russian economy. Bringing back the previous opportunities when it comes to foreign investment and trust in the rouble can be achieved only within seven to 10 years of growth of our economy." During his 2012 presidential campaign , businessman Mikhail Prokhorov said he would appoint Kudrin as Prime Minister , but, Prokhorov lost the election. On 18 June 2015, Kudrin proposed to hold snap presidential elections. He justified this need for global reform and cited

5290-628: The Supreme Council in October 1993. Yabloko, however, refused to support other articles of accusations, including the article proposed by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation about the "genocide of the Russian people." Yabloko criticized presidential and government policies and regularly voted against draft state budgets submitted by the Cabinet of Ministers to the Duma . On August 16, 1999, 18 members of

5405-559: The XV Party Congress on June 21–22, 2008, Mitrokhin was elected the second chairman of Yabloko. In 2008–2015, the posts of deputy chairmen of the party were abolished. The next party leadership elections were held at the XVIII Congress of Yabloko on December 19–20, 2015. Emilia Slabunova became the third chairman of the Yabloko party, and Alexander Gnezdilov , Sergei Ivanenko, and Nikolay Rybakov were elected as her deputies. At

5520-491: The XXI Congress on December 15, 2019, Nikolay Rybakov was elected the new chairman of the party. Sergey Ivanenko , Boris Vishnevsky , and Ivan Bolshakov became his deputies. The Federal Political Committee is the collegiate governing body of the party. It formulates the party's position on major political issues between congresses; makes submissions to the party's federal bureau on key personnel appointments; makes decisions on

5635-424: The Yabloko faction, including Yavlinsky, voted for the appointment of Vladimir Putin as Prime Minister, 4 members abstained, 8 voted against, and 15 did not vote. In May 2000, 4 deputies of the Yabloko faction voted for the appointment of Mikhail Kasyanov as prime minister, 8 members voted against and 4 abstained. Yabloko also supported a bill developed with the participation of faction deputy Mikhail Zadornov on

5750-492: The Yabloko factions in the parliaments of Moscow, St. Petersburg, the Pskov region, and Karelia tried to initiate appeals from their legislative assemblies to President Putin with a call to immediately stop hostilities on the territory of Ukraine and start peace negotiations with international mediation, withdraw military units to places of permanent deployment, to exchange prisoners on the principle of “all for all”. Several members of

5865-511: The Yabloko party in various regions were detained for participating in anti-war protests. RUDP Yabloko consists of regional branches, one per subject of the federation, regional branches from local branches, one per urban district or municipal district, local branches from primary branches, and one per urban settlement or rural settlement. The first chairman of the party (1993–2008) was Grigory Yavlinsky . In 1995 Vladimir Lukin and Yury Boldyrev were elected vice-chairmen (he left Yabloko in

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5980-545: The Yabloko party was accepted into the ranks of this international organization as a full member. On April 26, 2002, the Russian Democratic Party Yabloko (Reg. No. 5018) was registered by the Ministry of Justice . Grigory Yavlinsky was elected chairman of the party. According to the deputy chairman of Yabloko, Sergei Ivanenko, in 2002 the party had 20,000 members. In June 2003, the Yabloko faction voted for

6095-427: The admission to the air of federal TV channels will increase recognition, also Nechayev was categorically against Sobchak's nomination if it would be "part of the Presidential Administration 's election game". Ksenia's nomination was supported by Mikhail Khodorkovsky , Andrey Makarevich , Vladimir Pozner and Mikhail Kasyanov . Ksenia's "123 Steps" election program was helped by Vladislav Inozemtsev , director of

6210-404: The aftermath of the late 2000s global economic crisis , Russia's state budget went into deficit for the first time in years. Kudrin has said that the projected budget deficit is to total 3.6% in 2011, 3.1% in 2012 and 2.9% in 2013. The deficit will be covered primarily through expanded market borrowing. Russia conducted its first international debt sale since 1998 in April 2010, raising $ 5.5bn on

6325-442: The association as well. The Yabloko public association was able to form factions based on the results of the elections to the State Duma in 1995 and 1999. In 1995, in the elections to the State Duma of the 2nd convocation , the Yabloko association received 6.89% of the vote. In the elections of the State Duma of the III convocation in 1999 Yabloko association made an alliance with Sergei Stepashin , including him as number three of

6440-491: The chairmen of the two parties - business ombudsman Boris Titov and Andrey Nechayev. At the congress, the party approved a federal list of candidates for the September 18 elections and also nominated candidates in 162 single-mandate constituencies. The federal list includes: Boris Titov , Irina Khakamada , Oksana Dmitriyeva , Dmitry Potapenko, Oleg Nikolaev, Ksenia Sokolova, Natalia Burykina, Andrey Nechayev, Ivan Grachev, Viktor Zvagelsky and Dmitry Porochkin. Nechayev ran on

6555-400: The country's development. In the end, Kudrin's stance prevailed. The savings later proved crucial in helping Russia to come out of the financial crisis in a much better state than many experts had expected, and Kudrin was widely credited for his policies. Still, the Putin-Kudrin relationship was not all smooth sailing. For example, in September 2007 Kudrin was almost fired but in the end

6670-403: The creation of a new right-wing party based on the Civic Initiative. From that moment on, the party began to have problems with the Ministry of Justice (which is why the party's rebranding was informal). Gudkov said that the main goal of the project will be to get to State Duma - to win the parliamentary elections in 2021 . At the end of May, Znak.com, citing its sources, said that the congress

6785-413: The example of the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev , who did just that. State Duma deputy from the party A Just Russia Mikhail Emelyanov considered this statement Kudrin's entry into the presidential race. The next day, Kudrin said that he is not going to run for the presidency. However, many experts continued to believe that Kudrin wants to return to the Federal Government , and even take

6900-508: The fact that Vladimir Putin called Grigory Yavlinsky at night, during the counting of votes, with congratulations on the victory, became widely known. After the joining of Green Russia and Soldiers' Mothers in 2006, the name of the party was changed to the Russian United Democratic Party "Yabloko" (RODP "Yabloko"). Since 2006, the Yabloko party has become part of the European party Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) . Sergey Mitrokhin became party chairman in 2008. In

7015-409: The faction, Kudrin officially agreed to nominate his candidacy. According to Russian legislation, the State Duma nominates at least three candidates for the post of chairman of the Accounts Chamber, one of whom the President submits to the State Duma for approval. In addition to Kudrin, Anatoly Aksakov from A Just Russia , Yury Sinelshchikov from the Communist Party and Maxim Rokhmistrov from

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7130-425: The fall of 2017, during which Ksenia, according to him, admitted that she had received an offer of substantial monetary reward for her nomination and participation in the presidential race. Still, Sobchak rejected accusations of collusion with the authorities. Boris Nadezhdin is a former member of the Russia State Duma and currently Moscow Oblast 's local politician. On 6 October 2023, Nadezhdin's participation in

7245-502: The federal part of the party list and in the Leningrad single-mandate constituency in Moscow. Anatoly Chubais in his Facebook post called him one of the most professional candidates for the new Duma, and Maxim Katz said that if a good campaign is carried out, Nechayev has a chance to win. Alexei Kudrin also pinned his hopes on the "Party of Growth". In a single constituency, the party won 679,030 votes (1.29%) and 1,171,259 votes (2.25%) in single-mandate constituencies, thus not holding

7360-404: The first deputy chairman of the party was Sergei Ivanenko, deputy chairmen were Alexei Arbatov , Igor Artemyev , and Sergey Mitrokhin. The posts of deputy chairman until 2007 were also presented by Sergey Popov, Galina Khovanskaya , and Irina Yarovaya . After joining the party of the Green Russia movement , the post of deputy chairman of the party in 2006–2008 was held by Alexei Yablokov. At

7475-428: The foundation of the European University at St. Petersburg . He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation . Alexei Kudrin was born on 12 October 1960 in Dobele , Latvian SSR to Russian father and Latvian mother. His first job was a motor mechanic and training assistant at the engine laboratory of the Academy of Procurement and Transportation of

7590-403: The founding congress of the party was held in the conference room of the Izmailovo hotel , at which the party's manifesto, resolution, and party charter were adopted and an application for registration was submitted to the Ministry of Justice . On May 13, 2013, the party was registered.   On January 30, 2014, the party nominated the former Deputy Minister of Economy of Russia Ivan Starikov as

7705-421: The full name meaning "Apple" in Russian. The bloc included several political parties: the Republican , the Social Democratic, and the Russian Christian Democratic Union – New Democracy. The Yabloko bloc in the 1993 elections received 7.86% of the vote , as a result of which the Yabloko faction was created in the State Duma In January 1995 Yabloko was transformed into a public association after holding

7820-401: The government, for which they were expelled from the party. Also, Ivan Grachev and Vyacheslav Igrunov left Yabloko. In May 1999, the Yabloko faction voted for the impeachment of President Yeltsin. The bulk of the State Duma deputies supported the accusation of the president of unleashing war in Chechnya and 24 deputies voted for the impeachment of Yeltsin on charges of an armed dispersal of

7935-416: The group of so-called "St Petersburg economists"—liberal reformers who worked with Putin during his time in the St Petersburg administration—one of the three main informal groups during Putin's presidency. John P. Willerton regards Kudrin and Herman Gref as the leading intellectual forces in crafting of the economic policies of the Putin and Medvedev presidencies. According to Simon Pirani, Kudrin balanced

8050-538: The influence of the siloviki in the government with a financial sobriety. During Putin's presidency, Russia's macroeconomic policies were highly prudent, and extra income from oil exports was put in stabilization funds. The Stabilization Fund of the Russian Federation is widely regarded as Kudrin's idea. Alexander Osin, chief economist at Finam Management, regards the Stabilization Fund as one of Kudrin's main achievements. However, other analysts have described The Stabilization Fund as "dead money", which doesn't benefit

8165-445: The international markets. According to Kudrin, the government's aim is to attain a deficit-free budget by 2015, based on projected $ 75–78 oil prices per barrel. Kudrin has said that the Reserve Fund, accumulated before the crisis, will run out in 2011. Consequently, Kudrin warned that Russia will soon have to adjust to being a country, just "like everyone else" and called for a more effective use of state funds. In October 2010, Kudrin

8280-452: The introduction of a flat income tax instead of a progressive taxation scale Since Putin was never supported by a majority of Yabloko members, the party found itself in fierce opposition to the government, criticizing the government during the remaining term of the State Duma of the third convocation, especially as parliamentary elections approached. In December 2001, on the basis of the all-Russian political public organization Yabloko and

8395-494: The leaders of Yabloko insisted on the need to take it into account when implementing reforms. This specificity primarily includes the traditionally high role of the state in the economic life of the country, the steady orientation of significant sections of the population towards ensuring that state institutions provide social assistance. Analyzing the features of the socio-economic and historical evolution of Russia, representatives of Yabloko paid special attention to disproportions in

8510-450: The media learned about the offer that Kudrin was made by the founder of Yandex , Arkady Volozh . He offered the head of the Accounts Chamber 5% of the company for help in dividing it into two parts. Volozh plans to separate the business of unmanned vehicles into a separate structure and develop it in Europe. The rest of Yandex will remain in Russia. There were also rumors that Kudrin was offered

8625-404: The memorandum was adopted in 2019. The document, in support of its provisions, must be signed by Yabloko candidates in elections at all levels. Contents of the memorandum: Yabloko arose and developed in line with the democratic movement as an alliance of political groups representing various ideological currents – liberals , social democrats , Christian democrats . In the process of forming

8740-589: The most serious problems of the so-called Dutch disease . In 2006, Kudrin received the award "Best Finance Minister of a Developing European Country" by the Emerging Markets newspaper, published by the IMF and the World Bank. As the father and supporter of the prudent fiscal management policies, Kudrin had to endure strong criticism from other members of the government, who believed the money should instead be invested in

8855-463: The new government would set the degree of reformative policies under Putin's fourth term. The low-importance of the position led some observers to speculate that this development signals that the new government has no sizable plans for economic reforms. On 11 May, the party leader Dmitry Medvedev agreed on the candidacy of Kudrin with the parliamentary faction. On 14 May, at a meeting with the Presidium of

8970-683: The new political council, including Gudkov and Sobchak themselves, Andrey Nechayev, former chairman of the Open Russia movement Alexander Solovyov, executive director of Open Russia Timur Valeev, son of Boris Nemtsov Anton, former executive secretary of the Russian Opposition Coordination Council Dmitry Nekrasov, political scientist Marina Litvinovich and lawyer Elena Lukyanova, to the expert council - Minister of Economy in 1994-1997 Yevgeny Yasin , Yevgeny Gontmakher, journalist Nikolai Svanidze , former chairman of

9085-553: The organization. On 29 November 2022, Alexei Kudrin announced his intention to resign as chairman of the Accounts Chamber in order to work in the private sector. On the same day, President Putin submitted to the Federation Council a submission on the dismissal of Kudrin from office. On 30 November 2022, the Federation Council dismissed Alexei Kudrin from the post of head of the Accounting Chamber. In September 2022,

9200-416: The organization. As a result of the 2016 elections, the party is not receiving any state funding any further. The immediate predecessor of the Yabloko party was the electoral bloc Yavlinsky-Boldyrev-Lukin, formed for the legislative elections of 1993 . "Yabloko" is an acronym of the names of its founders: "Я" (Ya) for Grigory Yavlinsky ; "Б" (B) for Yury Boldyrev , and "Л" (L) for Vladimir Lukin , with

9315-414: The parliament and thus eliminate the possibility of one authority appropriating the powers of another. The advancement of these principles meant the establishment of Yabloko as a political association of a social-liberal type. According to the founders of the Yabloko party, European models of liberalism are preferable to American ones. Recognizing the civilizational, socio-cultural specifics of Russia,

9430-465: The party Grigory Yavlinsky is an honorary vice-president of the Liberal International and winner of its Prize for Freedom. Since 2006, Yabloko has been a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) . As of 2021, the party was represented by factions in 4 regional parliaments of the Russian Federation. In addition, members of the party were deputies of 13 administrative centers of

9545-417: The party as a candidate for the post of President of Russia . Sobchak officially announced her nomination and explained that she considers participation in the elections to be the best legal way to express a protest and that she plans to become a kind of "against all" . Nechayev agreed to be nominated with the expectation that the votes gained in the elections will help the party to acquire state funding, and

9660-549: The party be dismissed due to the adoption of the so-called “Yavlinsky blacklist”, which lead to the suspension of the activities of the branch. On November 19, 2021, the federal bureau of Yabloko appointed the re-registration of party members prior to the upcoming party congress in December On February 13, 2022, Yabloko published a petition against a possible war with Ukraine. Yabloko is opposing Russia's 2022 attack on Ukraine and has been taking part in protests against

9775-483: The party by the decisions of the Political Committee, approves the estimates of income and expenses of the party, the procedure for receiving and spending funds, and the report on their implementation by the decisions of the Political Committee, exercises the rights of a legal entity on behalf of the party and performs its duties in accordance with the party charter, and also exercises other powers in accordance with

9890-553: The party charter. Over the entire history of the party, several prominent party members were excluded, who became prominent politicians on their own: Oksana Dmitriyeva , Alexei Navalny , Maxim Reznik , Maxim Katz , and Ilya Yashin . The period of Sergey Mitrokhin was marked not only by the exclusion of members but also by the suspension of the powers of the regional branches. It was the case in party regional branches in Omsk, Belgorod (for cooperation with United Russia party), Bryansk (for

10005-504: The party leader Andrey Nechayev and Darya Besedina . As a result, they were not allowed before the elections. On June 13, 2018, the Moscow branch of the party decided to nominate Dmitry Gudkov as a candidate for mayor of Moscow , but he could not pass the municipal filter, having submitted only 76 signatures out of 110 required to the Moscow City Electoral Commission. In the 2018 Moscow Oblast gubernatorial election ,

10120-489: The party list. According to the results of the vote count, the party received 5.93% of the votes. Yabloko during the entire period of President Yeltsin became the "democratic opposition" to the president's policies. For example, Yabloko opposed privatization conducted by Anatoly Chubais , and offered an alternative program in 1998, which stated that privatization was carried out in an economically senseless and socially detrimental way, passing control of sold organizations to

10235-507: The party supported the former deputy chairman of the Union of Right Forces faction in the State Duma of the III convocation , candidate Boris Nadezhdin, nominated by the Party of Growth . He got 93,223 votes (4.36%) and came in last place. The party opposes election fraud, is for free enterprise, the modernization of the economic and social sphere of life, is against the health care reform in Moscow, and

10350-410: The party's activities. Civic Initiative tried to unite with Yabloko for the sake of nominating a single list of candidates for the elections to the State Duma. However, due to the fact that the Yabloko people were delaying making a decision on this issue, the party joined forces in the election campaign with another right-wing party, the Party of Growth . The agreement on cooperation was signed by

10465-408: The party, it was necessary to decide what "niche" in the party-political spectrum it would occupy – whether it would eventually become a social democratic or liberal party. It was also necessary to decide which particular formula of liberalism could most accurately express its ideological credo. The decisive factor that influenced this decision was the attitude to the ongoing changes in the country. At

10580-578: The party. He said that he had already collected the signatures of municipal deputies and would soon take the signatures to the Moscow City Election Commission or the Mayor's Office. On June 23, 2018, a founding congress was held, where it was decided to create a new "Party of Changes" on the basis of the "Civil Initiative". Ksenia Sobchak and Dmitry Gudkov were appointed to the top posts of the party. New symbols have appeared, and 15 people entered

10695-497: The party. The leadership considered that they "did not comply with the decision of the party bureau and publicly declared their disagreement with it, which caused political damage to the party". In addition to Kaverzina, Anton Nelidov, Mikhail Ryazantsev, and Vyacheslav Udintsev lost their membership in the party. Also in 2020, the Federal Bureau of Yabloko expelled other 16 people from the party, including Maxim Katz, co-founder of

10810-657: The place of the Prime Minister. After the 2018 Russian presidential election during the formation of the new government , Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev nominated Chairwoman of the Accounts Chamber Tatyana Golikova as Deputy Prime Minister. On 10 May, the United Russia party proposed to nominate Kudrin to post of chairman of the Accounts Chamber, instead of Golikova. This was the most anticipated nomination, as pundits observed that Kudrin's role in

10925-491: The politicians failed to reach an agreement, as a result of which the democratic coalition and the Civil Initiative had to compete in the elections to the Legislative Assembly of the Kaluga Region, but the party was not admitted to them. In 2016, the party tried to unite with Yabloko for the sake of nominating a single list of candidates for elections to the State Duma , however, due to the fact that Yabloko delayed making

11040-588: The possibility of state funding. In 2012 Yabloko leader Grigory Yavlinsky was not registered by the Central Election Commission as a candidate for the presidential elections. In 2021 the party had 16,100 members. In the elections to the State Duma of 2021 , Grigory Yavlinsky for the first time in the history of the party refused to run for deputies, and the federal list of candidates was headed by Yabloko chairman Nikolay Rybakov . 1.34% of voters voted for Yabloko (750 000 people). On October 14, 2021,

11155-501: The public movement "Yabloko" was announced, the declared aim to return the party under the control of their like-minded people or creating a new legal entity. In addition, 189 members were denied registration, and 488 were suspended, depriving them of the right to any form of participation in internal elections. Many suspended party members consider this action to be inconsistent with the law on political parties and challenge it in court. Regional parliaments of Russia in which Yabloko

11270-756: The publishing house ACMG, which publishes L'Officiel , Forbes , SNC and OK! Magazines in Russia), Vladimir Palikhata (founder of the Legacy Square Capital investment group, Russian publisher of the magazine about entrepreneurship Inc. ), Alexander Roslyakov (owner of the Onego Shipping transport company), Vadim and Yana Raskovalovs (owners of the Sportlife sports club network and the Yana jewelry company) and Anatoly Tsybulevsky (founder and co-owner of New Energy Systems). As

11385-426: The purchase of Sibneft by Gazprom and the merger of some former Yukos assets to state-controlled oil company Rosneft were taken at a particular stage of the restructuring of the sector. According to Kudrin, "no-one regards state ownership of such assets as an end in itself" and "we are not going to see a continuous strengthening of the state’s position." As Finance Minister, Kudrin has also supported increasing

11500-411: The question, Sobchak, but after the final decision to refuse to register him as a presidential candidate, he called on his voters to boycott the elections, which means Sobchak. Despite everything, Ksenia offered Navalny to become her confidant so that he had the opportunity to speak instead of her on TV channels, but he refused. Already on election day, Navalny spoke about Sobchak's visit to his home in

11615-551: The real economy. The Stabilization Fund was split into the Reserve Fund and National Welfare Fund in February 2008. In 2005, Kudrin and Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov clashed over a proposal to cut VAT tax from 18% to 13%. Fradkov supported the proposal, but Kudrin argued that lower VAT could endanger stability of the ruble and would cause the government to withdraw money from the stabilization fund. The same year, Kudrin received

11730-596: The removal of the chairman of the local branch – candidate for governor of the region Andrei Ponomarev – from the elections in the interests of the current governor of the region Nikolai Denin, later accused of corruption), Krasnodar (for violating party discipline), St. Petersburg, and several other branches. In 2020, the Federal leadership of Yabloko decided to exclude the chairman of the Novosibirsk branch Svetlana Kaverzina  [ ru ] , and three of her associates from

11845-418: The retirement age and cutting down on bureaucracy. For his policies, he has often been the target of criticism, especially from the United Russia party, which he has refused to join. According to Renaissance Capital, Kudrin's poll ratings are not favourable as he is seen as responsible for some highly criticized welfare reforms, although economic experts say that the reforms proved to be highly effective. In

11960-431: The same year). Since 1996 Vladimir Lukin has become the first deputy chairman of the party, and Sergey Ivanenko and Vyacheslav Igrunov have been the deputies. In 2000–2001, Vladimir Lukin was again the only deputy chairman of the party. In 2001–2004, Lukin served as the first deputy chairman of the party, while the deputy chairmen were Alexei Arbatov , Igor Artemiev , Sergei Ivanenko,and Sergey Mitrokhin. In 2004–2008,

12075-517: The subjects of the Russian Federation , 183 representatives of the party were municipal deputies in Moscow and 84 in Saint Petersburg . The party also advocates for the protection of the rights of LGBT people in Russia . The party dates back to the early 1990s. Originally established as a public organization in 1993, it transformed into a political party in 2001. From 1993–2003, the party had

12190-410: The volumes and main directions of financing the activities of the party; organizes the work of the federal council of the party and convenes its meetings. The Federal Political Committee has the right to convene extraordinary congresses of the Party. The Federal Bureau of the Party is the permanent governing body of the party. The Federal Bureau makes political decisions and makes statements on behalf of

12305-422: The war. After the beginning of the invasion, the Federal Political Committee of the party declared “Yabloko expresses its categorical protest against the outbreak of hostilities against Ukraine. This war is Russia's war with the objective course of history, a war against time, a tragic fall from the reality of the modern world. The consequences of this war will last for a very long time, but now, first of all, it

12420-425: The year, party representations were created in 50 regions. Prior to this, the legislative threshold for the number of parties was reduced from 40 thousand to 500, which greatly facilitated the registration procedure. After the dissolution of the Union of Right Forces , part of the political spectrum remained free, and on the initiative of Nechayev, a group of like-minded people was again assembled, intending to create

12535-571: The “directors” with several backdrop nominal owners. During the 1996 elections , Yavlinsky was offered to join the government. As a condition to join Yabloko's leader demanded an end to hostilities in Chechnya and to make serious adjustments to the socio-economic policy. In addition, he demanded the resignation of Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin , head of the Security Service of the President of

12650-638: Was appointed deputy chief of Boris Yeltsin 's presidential administration , as well as chief of the Administration on Trade, Economic and Scientific-Technological Cooperation. In March 1997, he became first deputy finance minister, and on 28 May 2000, he was appointed finance minister by the new president Vladimir Putin . In addition to his role as finance minister, Kudrin served as one of the deputy prime ministers of Russia from 2000 to 2004 and again beginning in September 2007. Kudrin served as finance minister from May 2000 to September 2011. Kudrin belongs to

12765-512: Was declared "Finance Minister of the Year 2010" by the Euromoney magazine. The magazine said that "Kudrin is rightly hailed as a fiscal manager of the highest order" and praised his "championing of the free market and fiscal prudence". According to Euromoney , the Stabilization Fund created and supported by Kudrin also "enabled Russia to pay off its foreign debt early", and noted that "Kudrin

12880-401: Was eventually rejected due to the fact that, after talking with Putin, Kudrin "decided that it was too early to (create) the party, we must confine ourselves to creating a committee". Nechayev, who had already gathered people by that time, nevertheless decided to create a new center-right party. On July 27, 2012, the beginning of the creation of the party was announced, and over the next half of

12995-527: Was kept on in Viktor Zubkov's Cabinet . Early in the Putin years, Kudrin was appointed chair of the state-owned diamond concern, Alrosa . Although he has often spoken in favour of privatisation and lessening the state role in economy, Kudrin also supported the creation of the so-called national champions . Kudrin has said that the state's role in the oil industry should not be increased, and has indicated that

13110-437: Was postponed from June 3 to autumn, which is due to the position of the presidential administration , which wants to hold a single voting day in 2018 "with a minimum number of scandals and competition." On May 31, 2018, at a press conference of Gudkov, Sobchak, and Nechayev, it became known that the congress would be held on June 23. In addition, Dmitry Gudkov announced his nomination for the 2018 Moscow mayoral election from

13225-550: Was vice chairman of the Committee for Economic Reform . Until 1993, he worked in various financial positions in the city administration, before he was promoted to deputy mayor, in which position he served from 1993 to 1996. Future president Vladimir Putin was the other top deputy mayor of Saint Petersburg at the time. Kudrin was also chairman of the City Administration's Economic and Finance Committee. In August 1996, Kudrin

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