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38-856: It was established in January 1951 by good government activists who were known as the Public Morality Committee . The party managed to elect a plurality of the city councillors in 1954 and its candidate Jean Drapeau became Mayor . However the majority of the City Council was made up of Independents and often blocked legislation proposed by the League. Nonetheless, the League introduced party politics in Montreal's city government and abolished council seats reserved for businesses, city associations and agencies. Drapeau lost his bid for re-election in 1957. In

76-635: A 2011 literature review analyzing the link between democracy and development by Alina Rocha Menocal of the Overseas Development Institute stresses the inconclusiveness of evidence on this relationship. A good example of this close association, for some actors, between western democratic governance and the concept of good governance is the following statement made by U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in Nigeria on August 12, 2009: Again, to refer to President Obama's speech, what Africa needs

114-562: A deep understanding of a country's power structure and "moral economy", says Meg Rithmire. Her book Precarious Ties: Business and the State in Authoritarian Asia explores the delicate relationship between capitalists and autocrats in the region. According to Bo Rothstein and Jan Teorell, the key characteristic of good governance is the impartiality of government institutions. In corporate affairs, good governance can be observed in any of

152-594: A model to compare ineffective economies or political bodies with viable economies and political bodies. The concept centers on the responsibility of governments and governing bodies to meet the needs of the masses as opposed to select groups in society. Because countries often described as "most successful" are liberal-democratic states, concentrated in Europe and the Americas, good governance standards often measure other state institutions against these states. Aid organizations and

190-473: A result, it has been pointed out that anti-corruption efforts and government reforms can have very negative consequences in especially fragile countries there can be significantly bigger barriers to economic growth than corruption or institutional quality, and anti-corruption efforts and governance reforms often fail because of a suboptimal understanding of local socio-political contexts. Various authors have furthermore argued that "good governance" provides

228-641: A very unhelpful development agenda as it is unclear what the "right" kind of institutions are or how they should be realized even if we were to accept that they are necessary or helpful. Bo Rothstein Bo Abraham Mendel Rothstein (born 12 June 1954) is a Swedish political scientist . He currently holds the August Röhss Chair in Political Science at the University of Gothenburg , and

266-503: Is a direct impact of good governance on poverty reduction. Some studies find that good governance above a certain level contributes positively to poverty reduction. Others still find a relationship between governance and poverty even controlling for economic growth, indicating an independent association. According to Sam Agere, "The discretionary space left by the lack of a clear well-defined scope for what governance encompasses allows users to choose and set their own parameters." In

304-514: Is a former Professor of Government and Public Policy at the University of Oxford . Rothstein is a contributor to Swedish public debate about politics and academic freedom . He has been especially critical of what he perceives as politicized research at some universities in Sweden. In 2003, he received the Swedish Association of University Teachers' prize for academic freedom. Rothstein received

342-570: Is based on results. There is no better way to think about good governance than through deliverables, which are precisely the ones demanded by citizens, like security, health , education, water , contract enforcement, property protection , environmental protection , and the right to vote and fair wages. This is because governments operate with the intention of providing public goods to their constituents. Similarly, good governance might be approximated with provision of public services in an efficient manner, higher participation given to certain groups in

380-478: Is caused by the ineffective governance of the economy, either too much regulation or too little regulation. To receive loans from the IMF, countries must have certain good governance policies, as determined by the IMF, in place. The World Bank introduced the concept in its 1992 report entitled "Governance and Development". According to the document, good governance is an essential complement to sound economic policies and

418-459: Is central to creating and sustaining an environment which fosters strong and equitable development . For the World Bank, good governance consists of the following components: capacity and efficiency in public sector management, accountability , legal framework for development, and information and transparency. The Worldwide Governance Indicators is a program funded by the World Bank to measure

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456-675: Is in charge of the Quality of Government Institute at University of Gothenburg. Since 2011, he is a member of the Swedish Government's Advisory Board for Research Policy. In January 2016, Rothstein moved to England and joined the University of Oxford , where he was also given the title of Professorial Fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford . He has been a visiting scholar at the Russell Sage Foundation , Cornell University , Harvard University, Collegium Budapest Center for Advanced Study,

494-431: Is not more strong men, it needs more strong democratic institutions that will stand the test of time. (Applause.) Without good governance, no amount of oil or no amount of aid, no amount of effort can guarantee Nigeria's success. But with good governance, nothing can stop Nigeria. It's the same message that I have carried in all of my meetings, including my meeting this afternoon with your president. The United States supports

532-625: Is something development supporters consider supporting. Major donors and international financial institutions, like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Bank, are basing their aid and loans on the condition that the recipient undertakes reforms ensuring good governance. Several bilateral donors, such as the US Government's Millennium Challenge Corporation require countries to meet certain standards of good governance prior to receiving assistance. These conditions are due to

570-663: The Nazis in 1939. His paternal grandparents were murdered by the Nazis at the Chełmno extermination camp in 1942. He received his Ph.D. in political science from Lund University in 1986. Between 1986 and 1995, Rothstein was an assistant professor at the Department of Government at Uppsala University . In 1992, he became an associate professor there. In 2004, he was awarded a six-year research grant for "long term support to leading scholars" from

608-594: The Swedish Research Council . In 2009, he received a five-year grant from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the largest private research fund in Sweden. His current research interests are comparative quality of government institutions, social capital , and political corruption . In 2006, he served as a visiting professor at Harvard University . He then taught as a professor at the University of Gothenburg from 1995 to 2015. Together with Sören Holmberg , he

646-542: The "right" kind of institutions; in contrast, countries like China and South Korea have been plagued by corruption and a lack of checks-and-balances during their development trajectories. Or as the development economist Dani Rodrik put it: "A development strategy that focused on anti-corruption in China would not have produced anything like the growth rate that this country has experienced since 1978, nor would it have resulted in 400 million plus fewer people in extreme poverty." As

684-692: The Swedish Center for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences, the Australian National University, Stanford University, and the University of Washington . In 2017, Rothstein resigned from his professorship at the Blavatnik School of Government in protest at its namesake Leonard Blavatnik , due to Blavatnik's donations to Donald Trump . The dean voiced her disappointment with Rothstein's departure, stating that Blavatnik's only donation

722-506: The ability of the state and the independence of the bureaucracy are the two factors that determine whether governance is excellent or terrible. They also complement one another in that more autonomy should be allowed when the state is more capable, such as through tax collection, since bureaucrats can carry out their duties well without much guidance. However, less latitude and greater regulation are preferable in states with lower levels of capability. A further perspective on effective governance

760-448: The author relates good governance to the concept of impartiality, which is basically when the bureaucrats perform their tasks following the public interest rather than their self-interest. Lawson differs with him in that this impartial application of law ignores important factors like the economic liberalism, which matters due to its relation with economic growth. The efficiency of one-party governments might seem appealing, but leaders need

798-467: The authorities of developed countries often will focus the meaning of "good governance" to a set of requirements that conform to the organization's agenda, making "good governance" imply many different things in many different contexts. Good governance in the New Yorkish context of countries is a broad term, and in that regards, it is difficult to find a unique definition. According to Fukuyama (2013),

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836-400: The book Contesting 'good' governance , Eva Poluha and Mona Rosendahl contest standards that are common to western democracy as measures of "goodness" in government. By applying political anthropological methods, they conclude that while governments believe they apply concepts of good governance while making decisions, cultural differences can cause conflict with the heterogeneous standards of

874-594: The close link between poor governance and corruption, the connection between good governance and aid effectiveness, and the relationship between good governance and poverty reduction. Because concepts such as civil society , decentralisation , peaceful conflict management and accountability are often used when defining the concept of good governance, the definition of good governance promotes many ideas that closely align with effective democratic governance . Not surprisingly, emphasis on good governance can sometimes be equated with promoting democratic government. However,

912-424: The effect it has on governance. The idea of various perspectives is presented throughout the article. This allows the reader to be able to see what contemporary governance is like from different viewpoints. Crozier's motive was to also create an open mindset when referring to how governance and policy within society operate, especially with the constant changes occurring day to day. Recent criticism has been aimed at

950-598: The following relationships: The meaning of good governance in regards to corporate sectors varies between actors. Legislation has been enacted in an attempt to influence good governance in corporate affairs. In the United States, the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 set up requirements for businesses to follow. Whistleblowing has also been widely used by corporations to expose corruption and fraudulent activity. Three institutions can be reformed to promote good governance:

988-413: The idea that good governance and institutions are one of the primary explanatory variables of economic growth, such as argued by Kaufmann and Kraay and Acemoglu and Robinson, which has put institutional reforms high on global development agendas. The criticism is fundamentally concerned with the issue that the relatively few countries which have managed to develop rapidly over the last 70 years did not have

1026-401: The international community. An additional source of good governance criticism is The Intelligent Person's Guide to Good Governance , written by Surendra Munshi. Munshi's work was created in order to "revive" good governance. Many individuals tend to either wave away and be bored with the idea of governance, or not have a clue to what it has at all. This book is a generalized discussion on what

1064-464: The international community. The United Nations (UN) is playing an increasing role in good governance. According to former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan , "Good governance is ensuring respect for human rights and the rule of law; strengthening democracy; promoting transparency and capacity in public administration." To implement this, the UN follows eight principles: The International Monetary Fund (IMF)

1102-524: The population like the poor and the minorities, the guarantee that citizens have the opportunity of checks and balances on the government, the establishment and enforcement of norms for the protection of the citizens and their property and the existence of independent judiciary systems. Lawson (2011) in his review of Rothstein's book The Quality of Government: Corruption, Social Trust, and Inequality in International Perspective mentions that

1140-459: The prize for having "in the public debate argued for the importance of independent university teaching and research". Rothstein is a critic of postmodernism and identity politics . Bo Abraham Mendel Rothstein was born in Malmö on 12 June 1954. His maternal grandparents arrived in Sweden from Lithuania and Ukraine around 1910, while his father was an Austrian-Jewish man who fled to Sweden to escape

1178-546: The purpose of good governance is and how it serves that purpose throughout our society. Munshi targets the book toward anyone doing research or just simply "those concerned with the issue of governance". Rethinking Systems: Configurations of Politics and Policy in Contemporary Governance , written by Michael P. Crozier, is another work analyzing good governance. Crozier's article discusses the different dynamics of changes that occur throughout communication systems and

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1216-401: The quality of governance of over 200 countries. It uses six dimensions of governance for their measurements, Voice & Accountability, Political Stability and Lack of Violence, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law , and Control of Corruption . They have been studying countries since 1996. Good governance defines an ideal that is difficult to achieve in full, though it

1254-460: The realization of human rights in a manner essentially free of abuse and corruption and with due regard for the rule of law. Governance is "the process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented)". Governance in this context can apply to corporate, international, national, or local governance as well as the interactions between other sectors of society. The concept of "good governance" thus emerges as

1292-481: The seven-point agenda for reform that was outlined by President Yar'Adua. We believe that delivering on roads and on electricity and on education and all the other points of that agenda will demonstrate the kind of concrete progress that the people of Nigeria are waiting for. A range of sources have found linkages between poverty reduction and good governance. Some find that growth is most effective at reducing poverty in well governed countries. Others find that there

1330-511: The state, the private sector and civil society. However, among different cultures, the need and demand for reform can vary depending on the priorities of that country's society. A variety of country level initiatives and international movements put emphasis on various types of governance reform. Each movement for reform establishes criteria for what they consider good governance based on their own needs and agendas. The following are examples of good governance standards for prominent organizations in

1368-552: The subsequent years, the party was plagued by conflicts between Drapeau and former Executive Committee Chairman Pierre DesMarais . In September 1960, Drapeau led 17 of the League's 33 councillors into the Civic Party of Montreal . By October 1960, the League was wiped off the political map. Victories are indicated in bold . Good government Good governance is the process of measuring how public institutions conduct public affairs and manage public resources and guarantee

1406-461: Was created at a United Nations (UN) conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. In 1996, the IMF declared "promoting good governance in all its aspects, including by ensuring the rule of law, improving the efficiency and accountability of the public sector, and tackling corruption, as essential elements of a framework within which economies can prosper". The IMF feels that corruption within economies

1444-696: Was to Trump's inaugural committee . Blavatnik had also donated to groups supporting Marco Rubio during the Republican Primaries. Rothstein said that the actions of the Trump administration run contrary to all that he has worked for as has done considerable research on the quality of political institutions, welfare politics, and corruption. In a letter to Oxford's Vice-Chancellor which was made public, he claimed that Oxford had stopped allocated him office space, students, and academic tasks following his protest. Rothstein returned to Sweden, where he currently holds

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