Ciudad Sahagún , officially called Fray Bernardino de Sahagún , is a town in the municipality of Tepeapulco , within the State of Hidalgo , in Mexico .
41-626: In the early 1950s, by order of President Miguel Alemán Valdés , land in the municipality of Tepeapulco, Hidalgo, 95 kilometers north of Mexico City, was settled in what was intended as a national model: the industrial area of Ciudad Sahagún. On July 28, 1951, the Diesel Nacional company (DINA) was created, with a license agreement and technical advice from the Italian company Fiat . The share capital amounted to 75 million pesos, 78% of which represented state participation. In 1952 work began on building
82-540: A full term as the President of Mexico from 1946 to 1952, the first civilian president after a string of revolutionary generals. His administration was characterized by Mexico's rapid industrialization, often called the Mexican Miracle , but also for a high level of personal enrichment for himself and his associates. His presidency was the first of a new generation of Mexican leaders who had not directly participated in
123-525: A huge project in the state of Oaxaca , culminating with the opening of the Miguel Alemán Dam in 1955. In 1951 he oversaw completion of the diversion of the Lerma River , bringing to an end Mexico City's water supply problems. Extending the nation's rail network, building and improving highways brought remote regions into the national economy. In Mexico City an existing airfield was enlarged and became
164-507: A level of influence. Unlike the peaceful change of power in 1946, 1952 was another contested presidential election. Career military officer Miguel Henríquez Guzmán sought to be the candidate of the PRI. Henriquez was backed by some important politicians, including members of the Cárdenas family, who objected to the rightward turn of the party and the government. Among those who supported Henríquez were
205-625: A major loan from the United States in 1947. Alemán and US President Harry S. Truman rode in a parade in Washington that attracted an estimated 600,000 well-wishers. Internationally, he signed peace agreements with Japan , Germany and Italy following World War II , had a hand in a truce between Pakistan and India and worked with the US on the issue of braceros . In party tradition, Alemán designated his successor as PRI presidential candidate—and
246-555: A political reward from the Cárdenas administration for helping oust Plutarco Elías Calles during the intra-party struggle. From 1940 to 1945, he served as Secretary of the Interior ( Gobernación ) under Manuel Ávila Camacho after directing Ávila's national presidential campaign. As Secretary of the Interior during World War II, he dealt with Axis espionage and the clerical fascist Sinarquistas . President Avila Camacho chose Alemán as
287-447: A popular housing group of 1317 houses and 46 apartments, more shops, a market, sports fields, administrative offices and basic medical and educational services were built. Amenities such as paved streets, drainage, drinking water and electricity were introduced. In 1961 he joined 515 houses built by the IMSS. In 1971 Ciudad Sahagún was incorporated into the municipality of Tepeapulco . After
328-452: A significant figure in the ownership of Mexican media, including the large television channel Televisa . In politics, he was the leader of the right wing of the PRI. In 1961, he was named the president of the national tourist commission, and was influential in bringing the 1968 Summer Olympics to Mexico. In addition, he was the first president of the Mr. Amigo Association in 1964, which celebrates
369-599: Is generally considered that while Ciudad Sahagún may not return to its economic status of the past, it should have economic stability for a while. In 2008, Ciudad Sahagún housed 3 large companies, 17 medium-sized companies and 40 microenterprises, adding 60 companies and nearly 12,000 jobs, unlike 40.000 work places that had been made for nearly 36 years of tremendous progress. The Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget (SCA), Praxair , Gerdau and The Greenbrier Companies are among companies that have recently arrived. Bombardier split construction of 204 Flexity Outlook streetcars , for
410-578: The Partido de la Revolución Mexicana became the Institutional Revolutionary Party . He followed the pattern established by Lázaro Cárdenas's campaign in 1934, so that Alemán campaigned in all parts of the country, a means by which the candidate sees all areas of the republic and voters make contact with the candidate. He was the winner of the elections held on 7 July of that year, defeating former foreign minister Ezequiel Padilla. He became
451-597: The Mexican Revolution , and many in his cabinet were also young, university-educated civilians, close friends from his days at university. Alemán was born in Sayula in the state of Veracruz , the son of revolutionary Gen. Miguel Alemán González and Tomasa Valdés Ledezma. Both had been married before, with Alemán González having a son by his first wife. They had two sons together, Carlos and Miguel. The family lived in straitened circumstances, with Miguel remembering when he
SECTION 10
#1732869752293492-493: The Mexican miracle . Alemán's cabinet [ es ] members were similar in profile to the president himself, relatively young and without military experience, and highly educated, with personal ties to him. His Secretary of the Interior , Héctor Pérez Martínez; Secretary of Public works, Ángel Carvajal; and Secretary of Labor, both Manuel Ramirez Vázquez and Andrés Serra Rojas had all been part of his close-knit group from
533-562: The Mexico City International Airport . His administration also built a new campus for the National University (UNAM) in the south of the city, moving it from its previous location in downtown Mexico City. In 1952 his administration elevated Baja California to state status. Also during his term, he asserted power by forced imposition of state governors. He played a major role in the development and support of
574-715: The National University (UNAM) until 1928, completing his law degree with his thesis on occupational diseases and accidents among workers. At UNAM, he was the leader of a group of classmates, all of whom went on the prominence in Mexican life. They included Ángel Carvajal Bernal ; Manuel Sánchez Cuen, who served as subdirector of PEMEX in the Alemán administration; Héctor Pérez Martínez [ es ] ; Andrés Serra Rojas [ es ] ; Manuel Ramírez Vázquez; Luis Garrido Díaz [ es ] , who became rector of UNAM during Alemán's presidency; Antonio Carrillo Flores , who
615-703: The Toronto Transit Commission , and 182 Flexity Freedom light rail vehicles for service in the Greater Toronto Area between its Ciudad Sahagún factory, and one of its factories in Thunder Bay, Ontario . Welding the basic chassis was to take place in the Ciudad Sahagún factory. Bombardier fell years behind in delivery of these vehicles. Reports in the Canadian press repeated claims that the workers in
656-678: The British-owned Mexican Eagle Petroleum Company , where he first learned English and became fluent in it. He recalled his father advised him of "the usefulness of returning to my studies and choosing an occupation more stable than the military." Alemán did that, attending the National Preparatory School in Mexico City from 1920 to 1925, founding the newspaper Eureka . He then went to the School of Law at
697-470: The Faculty of Law at UNAM. Alemán directed government spending to state-sponsored industrial development and reduced military spending as had his predecessors. That development included investments in infrastructure, especially public works. Dam-building helped control flooding, expand irrigation, which allowed for the expansion of large-scale agriculture, and provided hydroelectric power. In 1947 he initiated
738-518: The Mexican Revolution. Miguel Henriquez Guzmán [ es ] , Enrique Calderón, Jesús Agustín Castro [ es ] , and Francisco Castillo Nájera were in consideration. Alemán received the backing of the Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM). Avila Camacho paved the way with the military for Mexico's first civilian president in the modern era. Prior to the summer election,
779-473: The Mexican ambassador to the U.S.; an ex-governor of the important state of Mexico; and a number of military officers. He gathered further support from some students, peasant groups, and discontented workers. According to historian Daniel Cosío Villegas , Alemán was in contact with former President Cárdenas, warning that the Henríquez challenge was a danger to the new system. Alemán chose Adolfo Ruiz Cortines as
820-537: The PRI candidate. Once announced in the destape (unveiling of the official candidate), the CTM under the leadership of Fidel Velázquez mobilized their hundreds of thousands of members behind Ruiz. The PRI offered an opening to some Catholics, which was aimed at undermining the candidate for the National Action Party , Efraín González Luna. Marxist politician and labor leader, Vicente Lombardo Toledano ran as well. In
861-514: The Thunder Bay plant that the work done in Ciudad Sahagún was incompetent. Bombardier tried to accelerate construction by opening an additional production line at its plant in Kingston, Ontario . Miguel Alem%C3%A1n Vald%C3%A9s Miguel Alemán Valdés ( Spanish pronunciation: [miˈɣel aleˈman] ; 29 September 1900 – 14 May 1983) was a Mexican politician who served
SECTION 20
#1732869752293902-682: The US during the Cold War . During his administration the close relationship with the US developed during World War II continued, although he refused to send Mexican troops to participate in the Korean War . In 1947, on the eve of the Cold War , he created the Mexican DFS intelligence agency to support and cooperate with CIA operations in Mexico . Its stated mission was "preserving the internal stability . . . against all forms of subversion". He negotiated
943-572: The Unifying Committee for Plutarco Elías Calles , which brought him into prominence. He then served as a Senator from his home state of Veracruz 1934–36, representing the Party of the Mexican Revolution (an earlier name of the party later known as the PRI ). When governor-elect Manlio Favio Altamirano was assassinated, Alemán accepted appointment as governor from 1936 to 1939. The appointment can be seen as
984-689: The arrival of different plants, several economic events (like the arrival of foreign brands in Mexico) forced the Renault plant to shut in 1986, with the loss of 7000 jobs. At Sidena, in state hands, there were liquidity problems due to the looting of its coffers by managers, according to a study by the state government. In the late 1980s, Concarril was taken over by Bombardier , a Canadian equity firm and its transformation brought less paternalistic policies affecting unionized workers, who until then enjoyed privileges such as exemption from property taxes and utilities, which
1025-590: The bi-national friendliness between the United States and Mexico in the Charro Days and Sombrero Festival celebrations held in Matamoros, Tamaulipas and Brownsville, Texas . In 1987, his memoirs, entitled Remembranzas y testimonios , were published. His son Miguel Alemán Velasco is the CEO of Grupo Alemán (Galem), which included Interjet . Mexican Miracle Too Many Requests If you report this error to
1066-449: The city of Acapulco as an international tourist destination. Rampant political corruption and crony capitalism would mark his administration, however, and this would shape the relationship of politics and big business in Mexico until the present day. His successful economic policy led to talk about the Mexican miracle , but only a small elite benefited from economic growth. His administration took an anti-communist stance and supported
1107-409: The company absorbed. By 1993, National Steel filed for bankruptcy due to liquidity problems. In January 2002 Dina closed its last factory (DINA-Trucks). Earlier it had separated from DINA-Buses, acquired by Motor Coach Industries (MCI). Since 2005 new businesses have arrived in the industrial area of Ciudad Sahagún, the result of several government attempts to restore the city's economy. Although it
1148-464: The day he died. Among the civilians were Javier Rojo Gómez, the head of government of the Federal District; Marte R. Gómez, Secretary of Agriculture; Dr. Gustavo Baz, secretary of Health; and Ezequiel Padilla , Secretary of Foreign Relations, and Alemán, who headed the most powerful ministry. Military men were also strong contenders, and all previous post-revolutionary presidents had participated in
1189-430: The end, the PRI defeated the opposition parties, taking 74.3% of votes cast, but opposition parties on the left and right showed that the PRI was not completely dominant. This election was the last until the election in 2000 with an open PRI campaign prior to president revealing his choice of successor. Alemán accumulated a fortune during his lifetime. In his post-presidential years, he directed Mexico's tourism agency and
1230-566: The first non-military candidate to win the presidency of Mexico, although he was the son of a revolutionary army general. His own skills within the party that brought him the post of Ministry of the Interior played a key role in his selection. There was no violence surrounding the election and the transfer of power took place peacefully. Alemán was inaugurated as President of the Republic on 1 December 1946 and served until 1952, when barred from running from re-election, he returned to civilian life. He
1271-493: The first vehicle of Constructora Nacional de Carros de Ferrocarril SA ( Concarril ), a rail vehicle manufacturer. At the same time a resolution was sought to the crisis in the textile industry and in 1954 the National Textile Machinery Factory "Toyoda of Mexico" was formed, which later became National Steel (Sidena), which established the three core anchor factory businesses in Ciudad Sahagún. In parallel,
Ciudad Sahagún - Misplaced Pages Continue
1312-467: The foregone expectation of the next president. He selected Adolfo Ruiz Cortines , with a reputation for honesty and probity, a sharp contrast to his own record of considerable self-enrichment in office. Before the announcement ( destape ), there were rumors that Alemán wanted to hold onto power and the a constitutional amendment to allow re-election or extension of his existing term was in the works. The PRI party founder, Plutarco Elías Calles had remained
1353-554: The official candidate of the party in 1945, running for president in 1946. There were many possibilities for the president to choose among, both civilian and military, including Avila Camacho's older brother, Maximino Ávila Camacho . The Avila Camacho brothers shared ill health, and Maximino died in February 1945, following a banquet. His death averted a possible political crisis of succession. "There were some who wondered whether something more than seasoning had been added to Maximino's food"
1394-535: The power behind the presidency in the six years after president-elect Alvaro Obregón 's assassination in 1928. That power void had led to the creation of the Partido Nacional Revolucionario , and Calles called the shots during three the presidencies of Emilio Portes Gil , Pascual Ortiz Rubio , and Abelardo L. Rodríguez . He had expected his control to continue during the presidency of his hand-picked candidate Lázaro Cárdenas . However, Cárdenas won
1435-513: The power struggle with Calles, exiling him. When Cárdenas's term was nearing its end in 1940, he did continue the tradition of the president choosing his successor and picked the more conservative Manuel Avila Camacho (1940–46). But in contrast to Calles, Cárdenas stepped away from power, and Avila Camacho was a fully empowered president. When the rumors of Alemán surfaced about seeking to hold onto power, Cárdenas vigorously objected, so although he did not directly take part in politics, he maintained
1476-573: The second was to gain indemnities for miners injured at work. These victories gained him considerable favor with Mexico's labor unions. Alemán started public service with a relatively minor appointment as legal adviser to the Secretary of Agriculture and Livestock (1928–30). Other positions followed, including the Federal Board of Conciliation and Arbitration in 1930. In 1933, he served as the President of
1517-497: The son-in-law of Venustiano Carranza against the Díaz regime. In 1920 the family moved to Mexico City, but with the accession to power of the Sonoran generals Adolfo de la Huerta , Álvaro Obregón , and Plutarco Elías Calles , Alemán González continued in opposition to the government. He was implicated in the murder of one of Obregón's commanders, Arnulfo R. Gómez [ es ] , and
1558-554: Was director of the Fondo de Cultura Económica ; and Alfonso Noriega Cantú [ es ] , head of the Confederación de Cámaras Industriales . As a successful attorney, his first practice was in representing miners suffering from silicosis . He won two notable legal victories in representing workers against corporations—the first was in securing compensation for dependents of railroad workers who were killed in revolutionary battles,
1599-485: Was enormously popular prior to his presidency and in his early years as president, but lost support in the waning days of his term. As president he pushed the program of state-supported industrialization in Mexico and was very friendly toward business. This stance on economic development was a key reason he was tapped to be the party's candidate rather than possible candidates with ideas similar to Cárdenas'. This period of rapid growth and industrialization has been dubbed
1640-497: Was on the run. The general met his end in March 1929 in a hail of bullets, probably committing suicide. Young Miguel had experienced first-hand the disruption of the impacts of the continuing violence in Mexico. Alemán's schooling was sporadic in his early years, because of needing to move frequently; he attended schools in Acayucan , Coatzacoalcos , and Orizaba . For a time, he worked at
1681-552: Was young that when huaraches hurt his feet, he would urinate on them to soften the leather. His father, Miguel Alemán González, began fighting before the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution , a so-called "precursor" in a region of Veracruz state. He avidly read the tracts of Ricardo Flores Magón , of the Mexican Liberal Party and opposed the repressive regime of Porfirio Díaz . Alemán González left his family with his parents to fight with Cándido Aguilar [ es ] ,