130-552: City Vision is a centre-left coalition of two political parties, the New Zealand Labour Party and the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand , and community independents who contest Auckland Council (and previously Auckland City and Auckland Regional Council ) elections every three years. They have usually caucused in affiliation with Labour Party councillors and progressive independents. City Vision originated in 1998 as
260-452: A mixed economy in a democratic capitalist system, often including economic interventionism , progressive taxation , and the right to unionize . Centre-left politics are contrasted with far-left politics that reject capitalism or advocate revolution . The centre-left developed with the rest of the left–right political spectrum in 18th and 19th century France, where the centre-left included those who supported transfer of powers from
390-572: A political colour traditionally affiliated with socialism and the labour movement. At the turn of the 20th century, the radical side of New Zealand working class politics was represented by the Socialist Party , founded in 1901. The more moderate leftists generally supported the Liberal Party . In 1905 a group of working-class politicians who were dissatisfied with the Liberal approach established
520-568: A centre-left electoral ticket representing the local Labour , Green parties, and other progressive candidates in the Auckland local council elections. It was formed to challenge the centre-right Citizens and Ratepayers Association (C&R), which had dominated control of the Auckland City Council since the C&;R's formation in the 1930s. City Vision have traditionally held representation in
650-536: A key feature of Labour's 2017 election campaign. Notable policies, programmes and legislations during the 2020–2023 term included the Clean Car rebate programme , making the Māori New Year Matariki a public holiday, banning conversion therapy , replacing the district health boards with a national health service called Te Whatu Ora (Health New Zealand), passing smokefree legislation banning
780-521: A majority on the Puketāpapa local board under the affiliation Roskill Community Voice. In 2016, City Vision called for a total review of local voting, including evaluation of online voting feasibility and a single polling day. In the 2016 election, Cathy Casey and Mike Lee retained their council seats for City Vision. City Vision held the majority on the Waitemata, Albert-Eden and Puketāpapa Local Boards. In
910-400: A number of new policies. His foreign-policy stances included strong criticism of nuclear-weapons testing and of South Africa 's apartheid system. However, Kirk suffered from poor health, worsened by his refusal to slow the pace of his work. In 1974 Kirk was taken ill and died . Bill Rowling replaced him, but did not have the same electoral appeal – in the 1975 election , Labour lost to
1040-571: A period of Pasokification in which social democratic parties saw large declines during the 2010s, largely being replaced by far-left and right-wing populist parties. The centre-left's stance on immigration in Europe was one of multiculturalism, further pushing working class voters from the centre-left to the far-right. In some cases, centre-left and centre-right politics in these countries became less distinct as political cleavages shifted toward populist versus traditional politics. The Arab Spring in
1170-562: A prominent form of centre-left politics, beginning with the Australian governments of Bob Hawke and Paul Keating in the 1980s and 1990s. Similar movements developed elsewhere, including in Germany and New Zealand. Centre-left parties in Latin America also shifted from social democracy to social liberalism in a pragmatic attempt to reach voters. The most prominent adoption of Third Way politics
1300-465: A reformist alternative to the revolutionary left, arguing that societal improvements within capitalist democracy would better serve the working class. This philosophy became widely popular among the European left after World War I, which had convinced many contemporary leftists that national identity was more important to the working class than class solidarity , which would render Marxism unviable. This
1430-454: A school of thought within British and American centre-left politics in the mid-19th century. Early progressive thought developed from modernism and humanism , manifesting as calls for reform. It developed as a political movement in the late-19th and early-20th centuries as it was adopted by social liberal and social democratic parties. Unlike later social democratic movements, social democracy in
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#17329027668951560-453: A vote of no confidence in his leadership. Geoffrey Palmer became the new Labour prime minister. However, Palmer failed to rebuild the shattered remnants of Lange's government and in September 1990, Mike Moore replaced him. Despite Moore's ascension somewhat salvaging poll-ratings, Labour suffered its worst defeat since it first took office in 1935 (losing twenty-eight seats) – voters flung
1690-445: A working majority after the 2004 elections (winning nine seats) plus the election of Dick Hubbard to the mayoralty, partnering with Action Hobson anti-motorway councillors to form a bloc of twelve out of twenty. This council term saw public discontent over rates rises and water-price rises, and public anger over accusations of wasteful spending, such as on overseas travel. This term was also marked by infighting inside City Vision, with
1820-526: Is left-of-centre). When the 1996 election , the first conducted under the MMP electoral system, gave the balance of power to the centrist New Zealand First party, many believed that Labour would return to power, but in the end New Zealand First formed a coalition arrangement with the National Party. Despite initially appearing coherent, the coalition became increasingly unstable and eventually collapsed, leaving
1950-727: Is not supported by the centre-left in the 21st century. The modern centre-left distinguishes between just and unjust capitalism, advocating for welfare state policies to create what it considers to be just capitalism. Through the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the centre-left has been more likely to benefit electorally during periods of economic growth and suffer electorally in economic downturn. The core objective underlying centre-left economic policies, democratic capitalism , has largely been achieved within many economies, with further policies seeking to merely reform or improve upon this system. These may include measures to reduce poverty or to support lower-wage workers. One common dispute within
2080-705: Is the balance between egalitarianism and pragmatism. The centre-left often faces pressures from working class voters to restrict immigration to prevent competition over jobs and public services. Other centre-left policies can also be negatively impacted by immigration, as a large increase in low-skilled workers can raise concerns about the increased price of public services, prompting spending cuts and roll-backs of centre-left welfare policies. Though positions on environmentalism are not consistent across centre-left parties, they are more likely to support environmentalist policies than centre-right parties. Centre-left parties are popularly associated with environmental policies in
2210-450: Is typically associated with the centre-left ideologies of social liberalism and social democracy, though communist and centrist ideologies have sometimes been involved in progressive politics. There is great divergence within the progressive movement, with disagreement in what reforms should be attempted and how they can be implemented, though redistributive policies are a common theme within progressivism. Progressivism first developed in
2340-425: Is typically considered radical in nature and distinct from centre-left ideologies. The Third Way is a variation of social democratic politics that gained prominence in the 1990s after the decline of traditional social democracy. It advocates reform of the social democratic model to emphasize equal opportunity over equality of outcome . To accomplish this, it supports heavy deregulation and privatization for
2470-505: The 1928 election , however, the party was left in an advantageous position – the Reform Party had 28 seats and the new United Party (a revival of the Liberals) had 27 seats, and neither could govern without Labour support. Labour chose to back United, the party closest to its own views – this put an end to five terms (1912–1928) of Reform Party government. In the early 1930s the rigours of
2600-496: The 2005 general election , winning 36.9% of the party vote and 46 seats. On 19 October 2017, Labour formed a minority coalition government with New Zealand First , with confidence and supply from the Green Party . In the 2020 general election, Labour won in a landslide , winning an overall majority of 10 and 50.01% of the vote. In the 2023 election , Labour lost its majority to the National Party and subsequently returned to Opposition . Since 2023 , Chris Hipkins serves as
2730-476: The 2017–2020 term included scrapping the previous National Government's national standards in schools and charter schools , the KiwiBuild affordable housing programme, restricting oil and gas exploration, banning semi-automatic firearms , restoring voting rights for prisoners serving less than three years and decriminalising abortion . The Labour Government also adopted an elimination approach towards
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#17329027668952860-590: The 2019 Auckland local elections , Cathy Casey retained her Council seat. Newly endorsed City Vision candidate Pippa Coom won the Waitemāta seat. City Vision held the majority on the Waitemata and Puketāpapa Local Boards. During the 2022 Auckland local elections , City Vision candidate Julie Fairey was elected as a councillor for the Albert-Eden-Puketāpapa Ward. In addition, seven City Vision candidates were elected to local boards and three candidates to
2990-776: The 2023 Auckland Anniversary Weekend floods and Cyclone Gabrielle , which devastated Auckland and the east coast of the North Island . Prior to the dissolution of Parliament , the Labour Government passed two laws as part of efforts to replace the Resource Management Act 1991 . The 2020–2023 term saw the expulsion of Labour MP Gaurva Sharma , the resignations of ministers Stuart Nash and Kiri Allan , and ministers Michael Wood and Jan Tinetti being disciplined by Parliament's privileges committee. The 2023 NZ general election, held on 14 October 2023, saw
3120-507: The Bill of Rights Act , which enumerated civil and political rights. Throughout its first term (1984–1987), the Labour government remained largely unified behind the enacted radical financial, economic and social policy reforms, but early signs of dissension began to appear before the 1987 election. In 1987 Labour won another considerable election victory against the National Party, while ruptures over
3250-666: The COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand , instituting lockdowns and closing the border. Both Labour and Prime Minister Ardern attracted high domestic poll ratings due to their initial COVID-19 responses in 2020. In mid-July 2020, the Serious Fraud Office announced that it was investigating donations made to the Labour Party by two Chinese businessmen during the 2017 general election. Labour Party President Claire Szabó announced that
3380-572: The Digital Revolution altered the objectives and demographics of the centre-left, as the working class has been largely subsumed by the middle class in developed nations due to increased living standards and the establishment of a knowledge economy . Of those in service industry careers, class is not a unifying or significant aspect of personal identity. In particular, this shift has caused People's Parties based on mass mobilization to be less viable. These rapid developments in society during
3510-589: The Great Depression brought Labour considerable popularity, but also caused tension between Labour and the United Party. In 1931 United passed a number of economic measures which Labour deemed hostile to workers, and the agreement between the two parties collapsed. United then formed a coalition government with Reform, making Labour the Opposition. The coalition retained power in the 1931 election , but gradually,
3640-661: The Independent Political Labour League (IPLL), which managed to win a seat in Parliament in the 1908 election . At the same time, moderates contested as " Lib-Lab " candidates, aligning with the Liberal Party while enjoying the endorsement of the labour movement. This established the basic dividing line in New Zealand's left-wing politics – the Socialists/IPLL tended to be revolutionary and militant, while
3770-835: The Israel-Hamas War . The Government also implemented several co-governance arrangements in the public sector including entrenching Māori wards and constituencies in local government , the Three Waters reform programme , and creating Te Aka Whai Ora (the Māori Health Authority). Following a major COVID-19 outbreak in August 2021, the Labour Government abandoned its elimination strategy and gradually eased lockdown, border restrictions, vaccine mandates and masking requirements between 2021 and 2022. During that period, growing opposition to lockdowns and vaccine mandates led to
3900-527: The Liberal Party . Although Labour had split with its more militant faction (which went on to form various socialist parties), it maintained what were at the time radical socialist policies. Labour's 'Usehold' policy on land was, in essence, the replacement of freehold tenure by a system of perpetual lease from the state, with all land-transfer conducted through the state (the full nationalisation of farmland). This policy proved unpopular with voters, and Labour dropped it, along with other more radical policies, in
4030-494: The Puketapapa Local Board under the affiliation Roskill Community Voice. In the 2013 elections, Cathy Casey retained her council seat for City Vision. Winning candidates endorsed by City Vision were Mike Lee for council and Len Brown for mayor. City Vision and affiliates held the majority on three local boards: the majority was maintained on the Waitemata and Albert-Eden local boards while City Vision members gained
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4160-723: The Second Republic and the Second Empire was commonly associated with the Moderate Republicans . Thiers restored the centre-left to prominence in the Third Republic , where it was led by the liberal republican Opportunist faction. Elsewhere in Europe, centre-left movements appeared from the 1860s, mainly in Spain and Italy . In Italy, the centre-left was born as coalition between the liberal Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour and
4290-595: The United Nations considered the New International Economic Order plan that would facilitate social democratic governments in developing nations. Centre-left politics were historically unpopular in Latin America, and left-wing candidates were kept out of power through both right-wing dictatorships and through conservative victories in fair elections. In the mid-20th century, centre-left politics supported state-led development and industrialization in
4420-467: The first-past-the-post voting system preventing them from governing. Up to the 1980s, the party advocated a strong role for governments in economic and social matters. When it governed from 1984 to 1990 , Labour's emergent neoliberal faction had a strong influence; the party broke precedent and transformed the economy from a protectionist one through extensive deregulation . As part of Rogernomics , Labour privatised state assets and greatly reduced
4550-531: The monarchy to parliament or endorsed moderate republicanism . Early progressivism and left liberalism evolved in the late-19th and early-20th centuries in Western Europe and the United States, while social democracy split from revolutionary socialism , which became associated with communism , and advocated reformist socialist positions. Social democracy became the dominant ideology in Western Europe during
4680-489: The post–World War II economic expansion and it spread to Africa after decolonization . Centre-left economics declined in popularity following the 1973–1975 recession and was replaced by neoliberalism . In the 1990s, Third Way politics emerged as a centrist variant of social democracy in Europe, and centre-left politics spread to Latin America during the pink tide . In the 21st century, centre-left politics are challenged by
4810-422: The "industrial anarchy" of the 1951 waterfront dispute . In the 1957 election , however, Labour won a narrow majority of two seats, and returned to office. Nash, Labour's third prime minister, took office in late 1957. Upon coming to power, Labour decided that drastic measures were needed to address balance-of-payments concerns. This resulted in the highly unpopular 1958 "Black Budget" of Arnold Nordmeyer ,
4940-479: The 1930s. As of 2020 , there have been six periods of Labour government under 11 Labour prime ministers . The party has traditionally been supported by the working classes , Māori , Pasifika , and has had strongholds in inner cities and the Māori seats for much of its existence. Labour won the party vote in 71 out of 72 electorates in the 2020 election , making it overwhelmingly the most successful political party of
5070-669: The 1970s. It was initially developed in Australia and New Zealand, and it first gained influence in Germany as a response to the Cold War and environmental issues . The presence of green politics in national government is mostly limited to Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, though green political parties briefly held influence during the postcommunist period of Eastern Europe. Green political parties have been most successful in Belgium, Finland, France, and Germany, where they integrated into
5200-501: The 1993 election, was replaced by Helen Clark in December 1993. Clark led the party in opposition to the National government for six years under the administrations of Bolger (1993–1997) and Shipley (1997–1999). During this period in opposition, the party made a measured repudiation of Rogernomics, although it has never returned to its original leftist roots (Labour's contemporary position
5330-512: The 19th century held socialist society as an eventual goal. The first social democratic party was established in Germany in 1863. Social democracy had developed as a major political movement in Europe by the early 20th century as a response to the strength of capitalism. Challenging the idea that capitalism was nearing an implosion , reformist socialists such as Eduard Bernstein rejected Marxist ideas of historical materialism and class conflict , and social democrats established themselves as
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5460-455: The 2007 elections until 2010. In the 2010 elections, the first for the new Auckland Council , Cathy Casey won a seat for City Vision. Winning candidates endorsed by City Vision were Mike Lee for council and Len Brown for mayor. Labour won another two council seats. City Vision won the majority on two local boards: Waitemata Local Board , which includes the central business district, and Albert-Eden Local Board . They also held two seats on
5590-624: The Alliance split as one of the reasons for calling the 2002 election several months early; Labour won comfortably. Policies of the Fifth Labour Government included the KiwiSaver scheme, the Working for Families package, increasing the minimum wage 5% a year, interest-free student loans, the establishment of District Health Boards , the introduction of a number of tax credits , overhauling
5720-467: The Black Budget ensured that Nordmeyer did not have any appreciable success in reversing the party's fortunes. In 1965 the leadership went to the younger Norman Kirk , who many believed would revitalise the party. Labour suffered defeat again in the next two elections, but in the 1972 election , the party gained a significant majority over its rival. Kirk proved an energetic prime minister and introduced
5850-555: The Fourth Labour Government differed significantly from previous Labour governments. The minister of finance, Roger Douglas , supported neoliberal theories, and sought to implement sweeping free-market reforms (dubbed " Rogernomics ") to the economy and to the tax system. This involved floating the New Zealand dollar, cutting government spending, reducing taxes and removing almost all industry subsidies. The government also revolutionised New Zealand's foreign policy, making
5980-526: The Great Depression and World War II . A post-war consensus formed among policymakers in Western Europe that rejected both classical liberalism and democratic socialism in favour of social democratic ideals. With the end of fascism, countries in Western Europe adopted social democracy and liberal democracy. Social democracy was widely adopted and implemented in much of Europe, both by centre-left and by traditionally centre-right parties. Social liberalism
6110-546: The Labour Party's Wellington origins, the West Coast town of Blackball is regarded as the "spiritual home" of the party, because it was the site of a miners' strike in 1908 that led to the founding of the first nationwide federation of trade unions (the " Red Federation "). The Labour Party was established by trade unions, among other groups, and the party identifies itself as part of the wider labour movement in New Zealand. The Labour Party has long been identified with red,
6240-432: The Labour caucus disliked Cunliffe, but he had strong support from the party membership. In the leadership contest he won first-preference votes from only one-third of Labour MPs. Cunliffe's tenure as leader quickly became mired in internal disputes and falling poll-ratings. Labour went on to suffer its worst electoral reversal since 1922 at the 2014 election, Cunliffe opted to resign after initially wishing to re-contest
6370-633: The Labour government lose its majority to the opposition National Party. Based on final results, Labour's share of the popular vote declined to 26.91% while its share of Parliamentary seats dropped to 34. In early November 2023, caretake Prime Minister Chris Hipkins was re-elected as leader of the Labour Party and Carmel Sepuloni was elected as deputy leader. In early 2024, three veteran Labour MPs Kelvin Davis , Rino Tirikatene and Grant Robertson resigned from Parliament, allowing Shanan Halbert , Tracey McLellan and Glen Bennett to re-enter Parliament via
6500-416: The MMP era . The party first came to power under prime ministers Michael Joseph Savage and Peter Fraser from 1935 to 1949 , when it established New Zealand's welfare state . It governed from 1957 to 1960 , and again from 1972 to 1975 . In 1974, prime minister Norman Kirk died in office, which contributed to a decline in party support. However, Labour won the popular vote in 1978 and 1981 , with
6630-487: The National Party soundly defeated it in the 2008 election . Following the loss to the National Party in the November 2008 election, Helen Clark stood down as leader of the party – Phil Goff succeeded her (serving from 2008–2011). Labour had a relatively high turnover of four leaders during its most recent term in opposition; journalist Nicky Hager has attributed this to Labour's reaction to changes within public media and
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#17329027668956760-488: The National Party to govern as a minority government from 1998 to 1999. After the 1999 election , a coalition government of Labour and the Alliance took power, with Helen Clark becoming New Zealand's second female prime minister. This government, while undertaking a number of reforms, was not particularly radical when compared to previous Labour governments, and maintained a high level of popularity. The Alliance, however, fell in popularity and split internally. Clark cited
6890-474: The National Party, then led by Robert Muldoon . Rowling remained the leader of the Labour Party for some time after his defeat. In the 1978 election and the 1981 election Labour won a larger share of the vote than National but failed to win an equivalent number of seats. This led to a very heated debate on New Zealand's electoral system, and precipitated the introduction of mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) fifteen years later . Rowling himself
7020-455: The National Party, under Sidney Holland , gained ground, although Labour was able to win the 1943 and 1946 elections. Eventually, in the 1949 election , Labour suffered electoral defeat. Fraser died shortly afterward, and was replaced by Walter Nash , the long-serving minister of finance . It would be some time before Labour would return to power; Nash lacked the charisma of his predecessors, and National won considerable support for opposing
7150-564: The Party into the political wilderness with an election landslide loss. National swept to power, seemingly repudiating the Lange/Douglas program, but then engaged in even more radical policies than Labour had contemplated. Political disillusionment caused by both governments was to be instrumental in the later adoption of mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) in 1993 (implemented in 1996). Moore himself, despite recovering sixteen seats at
7280-628: The Portage Licensing Trust. City Vision candidates who were elected as ward councillors in 2022: City Vision candidates who were elected as local board members in 2022: New Zealand Labour Party The New Zealand Labour Party , also known simply as Labour ( Māori : Reipa ), is a centre-left political party in New Zealand . The party's platform programme describes its founding principle as democratic socialism , while observers describe Labour as social democratic in theory and pragmatic in practice. The party participates in
7410-465: The Reform Party and the United Party took their coalition to the next step, agreeing to merge with each other. The combined organisation, named the National Party , would be Labour's main rival in future years. Labour also faced opposition within its own ranks. While the Labour Party had been explicitly socialist at its inception, it had gradually drifted away from its earlier radicalism. The death of
7540-881: The United Kingdom and the United States during the 19th century. Green politics is an ideological movement that advocates a political focus on ecology and nonviolence . It challenges modern industrialisation and institutions through a lens of social justice while rejecting traditional political philosophy and organization. Definitions of the scope of green politics may vary; it may be limited to explicitly environmentalist parties, or it may broadly cover political movements descended from New Left or left-libertarian ideas. Besides environmentalism, green politics often includes support for disarmament , ending nuclear power , decentralized democracy, feminism , and immigration . Green politics developed from various left-wing ideologies, including social democracy and Marxism, in
7670-469: The United Kingdom in the mid-20th century, where it took the form of new liberalism . The identification of centre-left ideologies as "liberal" is most common to the United States. Liberalism is less common in regions such as Africa and Asia, where there is no individualist or liberal democratic tradition. Progressivism is the support of continuous social reform to improve society gradually , opposing revolutionary or conservative politics. It
7800-633: The United Labour Party accepted the new organisation, however, and some continued under their own banner. Gradually, however, the differences between the Social Democrats and the ULP Remnant broke down, and in 1915 they formed a unified caucus – both to oppose Reform better and to differentiate themselves from the Liberals. A year later yet another gathering took place. This time, all major factions of
7930-415: The beginning of Labour's first term in office. The new government quickly set about implementing a number of significant reforms, including a reorganisation of the social-welfare system and setting up the state housing scheme. Workers also benefited from the introduction of the forty-hour week, and legislation making it easier for unions to negotiate on their behalf. Savage himself was highly popular with
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#17329027668958060-467: The blame for the economic crises, and support for the centre-left declined in favour of conservative neoliberalism . At the same time, the end of several right-wing dictatorships in Southern Europe prompted support for centre-left politics among these countries in the 1970s. A decline in the relevance of trade unions , historically a prominent voter group for social democratic parties, contributed to
8190-449: The burden of welfare from the state to the family. Centre-left politics seeks equal opportunity in society. Centre-left groups are more likely to prioritize issues of long-term or abstract importance than other ideological groups. These include environmentalism, the arts, science, social equality , and foreign aid . Advocates of centre-left politics typically support laws and government programs to support marginalized groups such as
8320-525: The centre-left in Western countries. Promotion of general welfare, supporting members of the family, and the ideal of the Harmonious Society all have implications for centre-left politics. The welfare state of East Asian countries such as Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan are sometimes described as Confucian. These welfare systems have been influenced by Confucian familialism , which shifts some of
8450-614: The centre-left is the extent to which centre-left parties should reform markets versus regulating pre-existing markets. Centre-left parties in Europe and the United States have supported corporate governance reform to protect the investments of shareholders . The economies of Nordic countries such as Denmark and Sweden are often upheld by proponents of centre-left economic policies as successful applications of these policies. These economies heavily emphasize international trade as well as collaboration between government, industry, and labour. In post-war Europe, West Germany established
8580-511: The centre-left supported the Plan De Man . During the Great Depression in the 1930s, social democracy became a viable alternative to other left-wing ideologies, and state intervention saw popular support throughout the western world. It was also seen as a potential means to counteract rising far-right movements that were developing in Europe. The centre-left was particularly strong in Sweden, which
8710-560: The centre-right, implemented this foreign policy in Europe during the Cold War, but it has become less prominent due to the rise of anti-globalist far-right parties. The immigration policies of centre-left groups vary depending on the political circumstances of a given country, and they may seek to greatly expand or greatly restrict immigration. In principle, centre-left parties generally believe in multiculturalism and support high immigration. The key issue of centre-left immigration policy
8840-468: The centre-west and south of Auckland City. City Vision candidates gained partial control of the Auckland City Council with the appointment of their first leader Bruce Hucker as Deputy Mayor of Auckland City in the 1998–2001 Christine Fletcher Mayoral administration, but received an electoral setback in 2001 with the election of a John Banks /C&R led council. City Vision and Labour formed
8970-666: The country a nuclear-free zone , which resulted in suspension from the ANZUS alliance. Labour liberalised immigration policy and promoted migration from Asia. Other innovations during the term of the Fourth Labour Government included extending the jurisdiction of the Waitangi Tribunal back to 1840 (the date of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi ); the Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986 , which legalised homosexual relations; and
9100-512: The course of the 1920s. In the 1922 election , Labour more than doubled its number of seats, winning seventeen. In the 1925 election , it declined somewhat but had the consolation of soon overtaking the Liberals as the second-largest party. Labour leader Harry Holland became the official Leader of the Opposition on 16 June 1926, after the Eden by-election on 15 April elected Rex Mason (Labour) to replace James Parr (Reform), who had resigned. After
9230-468: The deposition of leader Bruce Hucker and his replacement by Labour Councillor Richard Northey , a former Labour MP. City Vision lost the 2007 elections to a John Banks/Citizens-and-Ratepayers team, finding themselves reduced to three councillors, in addition to two Labour councillors also re-elected. Richard Northey continued as the leader of the City Vision and Labour bloc on Auckland City's council from
9360-455: The developments of the Digital Revolution , the subsumption of the lower class into the middle class in developed nations, and an increase in support for populism . The ideologies of the centre-left include social democracy , social liberalism , progressivism , and green politics . Centre-left politics often incorporate elements of libertarianism and occasionally favour limited state intervention. As with all political alignments,
9490-485: The direction of policy remained concealed. Despite taking votes from affluent areas, Labour suffered negative swings in more traditional seats, while the blue-ribbon seat of Remuera nearly fell into the Labour column. The government's second term (1987–1990), with an increased Labour majority won on the back of Lange's anti-nuclear stance, saw emerging divisions over economic policy arising within Cabinet. Ministers debated
9620-451: The elderly, the handicapped, and the unemployed. Measures to this effect include financial assistance and anti-discrimination laws . Liberal internationalism is associated with the centre-left through its idealism , constructivism , and progressivism. Liberal internationalists seek cooperation between nations, often including support for common security and arms control between nations to facilitate peace. The centre-left, along with
9750-411: The emergence of several anti-vaccination protest groups including Voices for Freedom and Brian Tamaki 's The Freedoms and Rights Coalition , culminating in the 2022 occupation of Parliament's grounds . On 19 January 2023, Ardern announced her resignation as party leader and therefore prime minister. In the resultant leadership election Chris Hipkins was the only candidate and was confirmed as
9880-577: The end of the decolonization period, which had been dominated by far-left politics. Most post-colonial African political parties adopted some form of socialism or social democracy, though social democratic policies have seen limited success due to the unstable nature of democracy in Africa. By the beginning of the 21st century, the centre-left had almost entirely overtaken further left groups in politics globally, with other forms of left-wing politics seeing little support in democratic nations. Globalization and
10010-477: The entire people and the common good while rejecting the Marxist position of aligning specifically with the working class. Liberty under social democracy is defined as a collective concept based in equality rather than an individualist concept. Democratization , the welfare state , public education , and Keynesian economics are all major components of social democratic politics. Social democracy has influenced
10140-513: The exact boundaries of centre-left versus far-left or centrist politics are not clearly defined and can vary depending on context. Centre-left ideologies are common in stable political systems, which typically allow for political debate with an ideological centre. Social democracy is a reformist offshoot of socialism that supports the modification of capitalist economies rather than their total abolition. It seeks to regulate capitalism to protect social equality , advocating reforms that benefit
10270-469: The extent and pace of further reforms, and there was disillusion among party members and supporters loyal to Labour's left-wing tradition. The Council of Trade Unions criticised the Labour Party. One vocal member of Parliament critical of government policy, former Party President Jim Anderton , departed to establish the NewLabour Party , which later became a part of the left-wing Alliance Party . At
10400-545: The first Labour prime minister to secure a third full term in office. Clark's government was marked by the creation of Kiwibank , a state-owned banking corporation; strong opposition to the Iraq War ; and the foreshore and seabed controversy , which caused disillusioned Māori Labour MPs to split and create the Māori Party . In the 2017 election the party, under Jacinda Ardern , returned to prominence with its best showing since
10530-476: The first time in over a decade. During the 2017 election , Labour gained 36.6% of the party vote and increased its presence in the House of Representatives to 46 seats, making it the second-largest party in Parliament. On 19 October 2017, New Zealand First leader Winston Peters announced that his party would form a coalition government with Labour, citing changing international and internal economic circumstances as
10660-592: The focus on free markets. Labour-government relations and the right to unionize have been less prominent ideas in East Asia. Centre-left politics often involve transfer payment systems, such as welfare and early childhood education , with the goal of creating higher employment while avoiding a welfare trap . Closely associated with this is the implementation of a progressive tax , in which higher earnings are taxed at higher rates. Some early centre-left groups supported gradual reform toward socialism, but this position
10790-495: The government opposed New Zealand military action in the Iraq War . In early 2004 Labour came under attack in the foreshore and seabed controversy . Significant internal tensions within the party eventually culminated in the resignation of junior minister Tariana Turia and her establishment of the new Māori Party . Following the 2005 election , Labour formed a coalition with the Progressive Party (breakaway party of
10920-413: The idea that the upper class seeks to harm or exploit members of society, instead arguing that these are unintentional effects of laissez-faire economics. Left liberalism supports liberal capitalism and a mixed economy , which have been adopted by virtually all liberal nations. Political pluralism and strong social institutions are prioritized by liberalism. Social liberalism was developed in
11050-441: The ideology lost influence in other countries during the 1970s. Social democracy also became a popular ideology in many African governments after the decolonisation of Africa . Social liberalism, or left liberalism, overlaps significantly with social democracy. This form of liberalism argues in favour of capitalism and the benefits it provides for society, but it also advocates regulations to reduce wealth inequality . It rejects
11180-672: The inclusion of previously excluded groups in society through citizenship and its associated rights . Income inequality also became a major focus, and centre-left parties in the region promote redistributive policy . Liberalism in Latin America has historically been conservative and oligarchic rather than a centre-left liberalism of progressivism or egalitarianism. Several centre-left parties supported reforms toward economic liberalism in line with those supported by their right-wing counterparts, in some cases leading to backlash that saw incumbent centre-left leaders replaced by far-left populists. Ideological diversity developed in Africa after
11310-419: The international Progressive Alliance . It is one of two major political parties in New Zealand, alongside its traditional rival, the National Party . The New Zealand Labour Party formed in 1916 out of various socialist parties and trade unions . It is the country's oldest political party still in existence. Alongside the National Party, Labour has alternated in leading governments of New Zealand since
11440-460: The introduction of the MMP system in 1996. Described as a "landslide" victory in which the party won the party vote in "virtually every single electorate", Labour is believed to have gained support from swing voters , many of whom had previously voted for National under John Key . On 20 October, Newshub reported that Ardern was not intending to forge a formal coalition with the Green Party but
11570-420: The labour movement agreed to unite, forming the Labour Party as it is today. Almost immediately, the new Labour Party became involved in the acrimonious debate about conscription which arose during World War I . The party strongly opposed conscription, and several leading members – Peter Fraser , Harry Holland , Bob Semple and Paddy Webb – were jailed and expelled from Parliament for their stand against
11700-581: The leadership. His replacement, Andrew Little (2014–2017), then resigned in 2017 following new polling showing the party sinking to a record low result of 24%, with internal voices hoping that rising star Jacinda Ardern would take over in his stead. The caucus confirmed Ardern as the new Labour leader (2017–2023). After Ardern's election to its parliamentary leadership Labour rose dramatically in opinion polls. By late August they had risen to 43% in one poll (having been 24% under Little's leadership), as well as managing to overtake National in opinion polls for
11830-521: The liberal-nationalist Movement Party . The centre-left was Orléanist , but supported a liberal interpretation of the Charter of 1830 , more power to the Parliament , manhood suffrage and support to rising European nationalisms . Thiers served as Prime Minister for King Louis Philippe I twice (in 1836 and 1840), but he then lost the king's favour, and the centre-left rapidly fell. The centre-left during
11960-449: The limited success of centre-left politics in the 1980s. Furthermore, centre-left policies faced new challenges that necessitated a reconsideration of the welfare state, including population ageing that threatened pension programs and women in the workforce that heavily altered the job market . Green political parties first became prominent in the 1980s when they became influential in European politics. Third Way politics developed as
12090-615: The minds of voters, which earns them support in good economic conditions but loses them support in poor economic conditions. Environmentalism is a major component of green politics. Centre-left groups generally support a mixed economy with moderate economic interventionism . Keynesian economics has historically seen support among the centre-left. This is an interventionist economic philosophy that emphasizes income rather than pricing. These ideas have since declined in popularity in favour of balanced budgets and low government spending. Closely related to centre-left politics are concepts of
12220-540: The moderates focused instead on progressive reform. The process of unifying these sides into a single party was difficult, with tensions between different factions running strong. In 1910 the Independent Political Labour League was relaunched as an organisation called the Labour Party (distinct from the modern party). Soon, however, the leaders of the new organisation decided that additional effort
12350-437: The national party system. In addition to the most common centre-left ideologies, other ideologies are sometimes described as centre-left or have centre-left variants. Democratic socialism supports the abolition of capitalism in favour of socialism, though it opposes the creation of a communist state . It was historically seen as a centre-left position, and may sometimes be described as such, but modern democratic socialism
12480-500: The new Labour leader on 22 January. Hipkins' premiership saw a shift in focus to "cost of living issues" and a "policy bonfire" that saw the scrapping or revision of several Government policies and initiatives including the planned merger of public broadcasters RNZ and TVNZ , a biofuel mandate, lowering the voting age to 16 years and the Clean Car Upgrade programme. Hipkins' government also responded to two natural disasters,
12610-405: The new minister of finance, which raised taxes on alcohol, cigarettes, cars, and petrol. It is widely thought to have doomed the party to defeat despite the economy rejuvenating less than a year after the adoption of the Black Budget. In the 1960 election , the National Party returned to power. The elderly Nash retired in 1963, suffering from ill health. Nordmeyer replaced him, but the taint of
12740-507: The old Alliance), and entered into complex confidence and supply agreements with the centrist United Future and New Zealand First parties, which gave each party's leader a ministerial portfolio, while the support parties remained outside the Cabinet. A limited support agreement also linked Labour with the Green Party , giving certain policy concessions to the Greens in return for abstention on confidence-and-supply votes. Labour lost power when
12870-536: The outgoing Third National Government . Government debt was skyrocketing, due largely to the costs of borrowing to maintain a fixed exchange-rate . When the result of the election became clear, Lange asked Muldoon to devalue the New Zealand dollar , which Muldoon refused to do, resulting in a constitutional crisis and precipitating some of the changes in the Constitution Act 1986 . The economic-policy agenda of
13000-448: The party list. In February 2024, Labour reversed its previous support for New Zealand entering the non-nuclear component of the AUKUS , with foreign affairs spokesperson Phil Twyford describing it as an "offensive warfighting alliance against China." In April 2024, Labour called for New Zealand to recognise Palestinian statehood . Centre-left politics Centre-left politics is
13130-434: The party would co-operate with the investigation. The 2017–2020 term saw several ministerial resignations for various indiscretions, notably Phil Twyford , Clare Curran , Meka Whaitiri and David Clark . In the 2020 election , Labour gained 50% of the party vote and increased its presence in the House of Representatives to 65 seats, marking the first time that a party has won enough seats to govern alone since
13260-520: The party's leader , while Carmel Sepuloni is the deputy leader . The founding of the New Zealand Labour Party, on 7 July 1916 in Wellington, brought together a number of earlier socialist groups advocating proportional representation , the abolition of the country quota , the recall of members of Parliament , as well as the nationalisation of production and exchange . Despite
13390-420: The party's former leader, the "doctrinaire" Harry Holland, had marked a significant turning-point in the party's history. Some within the party, however, were displeased about the changing focus of the party. Most notably, John A. Lee . Lee, whose views were a mixture of socialism and social credit theory, emerged as a vocal critic of the party's leadership, accusing it of behaving autocratically and of betraying
13520-482: The party's rank and file. After a long and bitter dispute, the Party expelled Lee from the party, who then established his own breakaway Democratic Labour Party . Savage died in 1940 and Peter Fraser , who became Labour's longest-serving prime minister, replaced him. Fraser became best-known as New Zealand's head of government for most of World War II . In the post-war period, however, ongoing shortages and industrial problems cost Labour considerable popularity, and
13650-401: The political environment. Goff led Labour into a second electoral defeat in 2011 and was succeeded by David Shearer , who led the Labour parliamentary from 2011 to 2013. Shearer resigned after losing the confidence of caucus. David Cunliffe (2013–2014) assumed the leadership after the 2013 leadership election in which, under new rules, members and unions held 60% of the vote. Most of
13780-476: The political spectrum, with centre-left and centre-right variants both being common. Christian democrats often support the welfare state, and social justice has been a frequent theme among Christian democracy parties in Latin America. Christian democracy in Europe is not usually associated with the centre-left, instead favouring the centre-right. Though it is often associated with conservatism, some elements of Confucianism invoke ideas that are associated with
13910-455: The politics of nearly every major democracy, though it has historically been most successful in the European Union , where it was the predominant ideology from 1945 to 1973. Sweden in particular has historically been closely associated with social democracy, as it was the first country to be led by a social democratic party, and social democrats in Sweden continued to be relevant even after
14040-594: The progressive Urbano Rattazzi , the heads respectively of the Right and Left groupings in Parliament. This alliance was called " connubio " ("marriage") for its opportunist characteristics. Liberalism was typically associated with the centre-right in the late 19th century, but liberal parties in France, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom adopted left liberal policies through coalitions of middle and working class voters that survived until World War I . Progressivism developed as
14170-706: The public became highly dissatisfied with its failure to resolve the country's economic problems. Harry Holland died in 1933 and his deputy, Michael Joseph Savage, became the Labour Party parliamentary leader. In the 1935 election , the Labour Party gained a significant majority, gaining 53 seats to the coalition's 19, and returned to government. Several of the early Labour Party stalwarts were Australian-born: Alfred Hindmarsh , Harry Holland , Michael Joseph Savage , Bob Semple , Paddy Webb , Bill Parry and later Jerry Skinner , Mabel Howard , Hugh Watt , Jim Edwards and Dorothy Jelicich . Party leader Michael Joseph Savage became prime minister on 6 December 1935, marking
14300-419: The purpose of increasing economic growth to fund public goods such as education, healthcare, and pensions. The Third Way may be defined as centre-left or as centrist . Christian democracy is an ideology that incorporates Catholic social teaching into a secular political philosophy. Though most enduring Christian democratic parties are centrist, those in Latin America have historically ranged across
14430-565: The radicals, and in the end, the conservative Reform Party government of William Massey suppressed the strike by force. In the strike's aftermath, there was a major drive to end the divisions in the labour movement and to establish a united front. Accordingly, Walter Thomas Mills organised another Unity Conference , and this time the Socialists attended. The resulting group was named the Social Democratic Party . Not all members of
14560-416: The range of left-wing political ideologies that lean closer to the political centre and broadly conform with progressivism . Ideologies of the centre-left include social democracy , social liberalism , and green politics . Ideas commonly supported by the centre-left include welfare capitalism , social justice , liberal internationalism , and multiculturalism . Economically, the centre-left supports
14690-685: The reasoning behind his decision, coupled with a belief that a Labour government was best-placed to handle the social and economic welfare of New Zealanders in a global environment that was undergoing rapid and "seismic" change. This coalition, combined with confidence and supply from the Green Party, saw Labour return to government for the first time since 2008. Ardern became prime minister, with Peters as her deputy. The Labour government pledged to eliminate child poverty, make tertiary education free, reduce immigration by 20,000 to 30,000, decriminalise abortion , and make all rivers swimmable within 10 years. Notable policies, programmes and legislation during
14820-447: The region, which allowed redistributive and socially inclusive policies to be implemented. In East Asia, interventionism and developmental policy were adopted by right-wing parties rather than centre-left parties. Keynesian economics declined in popularity after the end of the post-war consensus, spurred by the 1970s energy crisis and the subsequent recession . The centre-left parties that had held power to that point received much of
14950-496: The role of the state, causing a party split in 1989. Labour prime minister David Lange , a member of the party's left , also introduced New Zealand's nuclear-free policy . After a significant defeat in the 1990 election , Labour's neoliberal faction would largely defect from the party and form ACT New Zealand . Labour again became the largest party from 1999 to 2008 , when it governed in coalition with, or based on negotiated support from, several minor parties; Helen Clark became
15080-456: The sale of tobacco to anyone born after 1 January 2009, repealing "three strikes" legislation , and banning live animal exports. In terms of foreign policy, the Labour Government supported Ukraine following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , sanctioned Russia, signed free trade agreements with both the United Kingdom and European Union , and advocated restraint in response to
15210-561: The same time Roger Douglas and Lange fought intermittent battles inside Cabinet, with Douglas wanting to expand his economic programme dramatically. Lange strongly opposed a flat-tax proposal from Douglas and moved to sack him, resulting in political clashes throughout 1988 and the departure of Douglas from the Cabinet in December 1988. After the Labour Caucus re-elected Douglas to Cabinet on 3 August 1989, Lange resigned from office himself (8 August 1989), interpreting Douglas's reappointment as
15340-618: The secondary-school qualifications system by introducing the NCEA , and the introduction of fourteen weeks' parental leave. Labour also supported the Civil Union Act 2004 , which legalised civil unions for same-sex and opposite-sex couples. The foreign policy of the Fifth Labour Government strongly reflected liberal internationalist doctrine, with a particular emphasis on promoting democracy and human rights, advocating for antimilitarism and disarmament , and encouragement of free trade. In 2003,
15470-474: The socioeconomic model of a social market economy , a regulated market economic system that promoted free markets and fair competition with regulation for social policies and a welfare state . The centre-left is descended from left-wing politics, which originated in the French Revolution and in the response to early capitalism. In France, the early centre-left was led by Adolphe Thiers , head of
15600-414: The turn of the century caused distress among voters, including increased perceptions of social inequality and fear of change, causing voters to move away from traditional centre-left ideologies toward populism . The Great Recession exacerbated this trend, bringing significant challenges to the rule of centre-left parties, particularly those with social democratic leanings. In Europe, this brought about
15730-465: The war. The loss of leadership threatened to seriously destabilise the party, but the party survived. (Fraser, Semple and Webb later supported conscription in World War II . ) In its first real electoral test as a united party, the 1919 election , Labour won eight seats – the party's quick success shocked many conservatives. The eight seats compared with 47 for the governing Reform Party and 21 for
15860-620: The welfare state and regulated labour markets . In the 20th century, trade unions and their working class constituency were closely associated with social democratic and labour parties, especially in Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, and former British colonies in the Pacific. These associations generally lessened by the end of the century as union membership declined and centre-left parties shifted toward Third Way politics, which introduced elements of neoliberalism into centre-left politics, increasing
15990-457: The working classes, and his portrait could be found on walls in many houses around the country. At this time the Labour Party pursued an alliance with the Māori Rātana movement. The parliamentary opposition, meanwhile, attacked the Labour Party's more left-wing policies and accused it of undermining free enterprise and hard work. In May 1936, months after Labour's first general election win,
16120-428: Was compared by media unfavourably to Muldoon, and did not cope well with Muldoon's aggressive style. In 1983 Rowling was replaced as parliamentary leader by David Lange , whom the parliamentary caucus perceived as more charismatic. In the snap election of 1984 , Labour decisively defeated the National Party. When the Fourth Labour Government came into power it uncovered a fiscal crisis that had been largely hidden by
16250-415: Was developed in the United Kingdom by liberal politicians such as John Maynard Keynes and William Beveridge , who advocated market restrictions to the benefit of the public. Keynesian economics became the mainstream in Western Europe during the 1950s and 1960s, while the social market economy was developed by social democrats in Germany at the same time. As social democracy became influential in Europe,
16380-472: Was exploring the possibility of a lower-level support arrangement due to Labour's large parliamentary majority. Following prolonged negotiations, the Green Party agreed to enter into a cooperation agreement with the Labour Party on 31 October and received two ministerial portfolios in return. Despite this landslide victory Labour faced criticism from economists due to the government's lack of action on New Zealand's housing affordability crisis , despite it being
16510-415: Was needed to promote left-wing cooperation, and organised a "Unity Conference" . The Socialists refused to attend, but several independent labour activists agreed. The United Labour Party (ULP) was born. Soon afterward, the labour movement went through the 1912 Waihi miners' strike , a major industrial disturbance prompted by radicals in the union movement. The movement split over supporting or opposing
16640-559: Was reinforced by the wave of democracy that followed, allowing socialists to participate in electoral politics. Social democrats made up the centre-left during the interwar period in Europe, advocating government regulation and intervention in opposition to the passive policies of the predominant Marxist and classical liberal parties. The centre-left and the centre-right in this period were primarily divided by their stance on trade unions, with social democracy advocating greater powers for unions in collective bargaining. In Western Europe,
16770-449: Was that of New Labour in the United Kingdom. Centre-left politics remained unpopular in much of Continental Europe at this time. Third Way politics lost support among the centre-left after the early 2000s, and neo-Keynesianism regained popularity. Centre-left ideologies were among those uplifted by the pink tide in Latin America in the late 1990s. Early centre-left politics and progressivism in Latin America has focused heavily on
16900-615: Was the only country at the time to have ruling party that was explicitly social democratic, the Swedish Social Democratic Party . Other European countries with social democratic governments included Denmark, Norway, and Czechoslovakia. The Democratic Party in the United States also implemented centre-left policies with the New Deal , as a lack of ties to socialist groups allowed for a stronger centre-left relative to other countries. Centre-left ideas proliferated rapidly after
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