98-667: The position of City Minister is a United Kingdom Government mid-level ministerial post in HM Treasury . The minister is responsible for the British financial services sector which is commonly known as ' the City '. The post is normally held in combination with another Treasury position, currently the Economic Secretary to the Treasury . The term 'City Minister' was first used as a nickname for
196-506: A bencher in 2009. He served as a legal officer for the campaign group Liberty until 1990. Starmer was a member of Doughty Street Chambers from 1990 onwards, primarily working on human rights matters. Starmer has been called to the Bar in several Caribbean countries , where he defended convicts sentenced with the death penalty. In 1999 he was a junior barrister on Lee Clegg 's appeal . Starmer assisted Helen Steel and David Morris in
294-643: A general election would be held on 4 July 2024. Labour entered the general election with a large lead over the Conservatives in opinion polls , and the potential scale of the party's victory remained a topic of discussion throughout the campaign. In June 2024 Starmer released the Labour Party’s 2024 manifesto, Change , which focused on economic growth, planning system reforms, infrastructure, what Starmer describes as "clean energy", healthcare, education, childcare, and strengthening workers' rights. It pledged
392-509: A proposed second referendum on Brexit . He served in Jeremy Corbyn 's Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Brexit Secretary , and following Corbyn's resignation after Labour's defeat at the 2019 general election , Starmer succeeded him by winning the 2020 leadership election . As Leader of the Opposition he moved Labour towards the political centre and emphasised the elimination of antisemitism within
490-527: A vote of no confidence in the Government , stating that Johnson should not be allowed to remain in office. Starmer also criticised Johnson, as well as his successors Liz Truss and Rishi Sunak , for issues such as the Chris Pincher scandal and the subsequent government crisis , the economic crisis resulting from the 2022 mini-budget and subsequent government crisis , the cost of living crisis , and
588-420: A Conservative peer for offences relating to false accounting in the aftermath of the parliamentary expenses scandal , who were all found guilty. Starmer prioritised rapid prosecutions of rioters over long sentences during the 2011 England riots , which he later concluded helped to bring "the situation back under control". In February 2012 Starmer announced that Chris Huhne would be prosecuted for perverting
686-453: A friend as well as a colleague. And to all of our members, supporters and affiliates I say this: whether you voted for me or not I will represent you, I will listen to you and I will bring our party together. Having become Leader of the Opposition during the COVID-19 pandemic , Starmer said in his acceptance speech that he would refrain from "scoring party political points" and would work with
784-561: A greater or lesser degree (for instance Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster or Lord Privy Seal ). The government is sometimes referred to by the metonym " Westminster " or " Whitehall ", as many of its offices are situated there. These metonyms are used especially by members of the Scottish Government , Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive to differentiate their government from His Majesty's Government. The United Kingdom
882-424: A majority of 120 to block the measure. Starmer's Labour Government inherited a number of ongoing industrial disputes from the preceding Conservative Government and agreed pay deals with trade unions representing NHS and railway workers, ending strikes in the first few months of taking office. In August 2024, Starmer's government agreed to increase public-sector worker pay by 5 to 7 per cent. On 10 October
980-478: A member of either House of Parliament. In practice, however, the convention is that ministers must be members of either the House of Commons or the House of Lords to be accountable to Parliament. From time to time, prime ministers appoint non-parliamentarians as ministers. In recent years such ministers have been appointed to the House of Lords. The government is required by convention and for practical reasons to maintain
1078-412: A new House of Commons, unless the prime minister advises the monarch to dissolve Parliament , in which case an election may be held sooner. After an election, the monarch selects as prime minister the leader of the party most likely to command the confidence of the House of Commons, usually by possessing a majority of MPs. Under the uncodified British constitution , executive authority lies with
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#17330846852141176-573: A new publicly-owned energy company ( Great British Energy ), a "Green Prosperity Plan", reducing patient waiting times in the NHS, and renationalisation of the railway network ( Great British Railways ). Promising wealth creation together with "pro-business and pro-worker" policies, the manifesto also pledged giving 16-year-olds the vote, reforming the House of Lords , and to tax private schools , with money generated going into improving state education. On taxes,
1274-694: A number of public-sector strikes . Starmer has announced the Border Security Command in replacement of the Rwanda asylum plan and a National Violent Disorder Programme in response to the 2024 riots , as well as reforms to workers' rights . In foreign policy, Starmer has supported Ukraine in the Russia-Ukraine war and Israel in the Israel-Hamas war . Keir Rodney Starmer was born on 2 September 1962, at Southwark in south east London, and grew up in
1372-621: A panel to review complaints. Starmer stepped down as Director of Public Prosecutions in November 2013, and was succeeded by Alison Saunders . Awarded several honorary degrees between 2011 to 2014, Starmer was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the 2014 New Year Honours for "services to law and criminal justice". My predecessor, the Right Hon. Frank Dobson, to whom I pay tribute,
1470-594: A substantial grant from the government, the Sovereign Support Grant , and Queen Elizabeth II's inheritance from her mother, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother , was exempt from inheritance tax . In addition to legislative powers, His Majesty's Government has substantial influence over local authorities and other bodies set up by it, through financial powers and grants. Many functions carried out by local authorities, such as paying out housing benefits and council tax benefits, are funded or substantially part-funded by
1568-424: Is a constitutional monarchy in which the reigning monarch (that is, the king or queen who is the head of state at any given time) does not make any open political decisions. All political decisions are taken by the government and Parliament. This constitutional state of affairs is the result of a long history of constraining and reducing the political power of the monarch, beginning with Magna Carta in 1215. Since
1666-596: Is not vital. A government is not required to resign even if it loses the confidence of the Lords and is defeated in key votes in that House. The House of Commons is thus the responsible house . The prime minister is held to account during Prime Minister's Questions (PMQs) which provides an opportunity for MPs from all parties to question the PM on any subject. There are also departmental questions when ministers answer questions relating to their specific departmental brief. Unlike PMQs, both
1764-472: Is the change in the Labour Party we need". During Starmer's tenure as Opposition Leader, his party suffered the loss of a previously safe Labour seat at the 2021 Hartlepool by-election , followed by holds at the 2021 Batley and Spen by-election , 2022 Birmingham Erdington by-election and 2022 City of Chester by-election , as well as a gain from the Conservatives at the 2022 Wakefield by-election . During
1862-515: The 2014 New Year Honours , he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) for "services to law and criminal justice". Starmer's policing work in Northern Ireland influenced him to pursue a political career, and he was elected to the House of Commons at the 2015 general election . He supported the Remain campaign in the 2016 European Union membership referendum and advocated
1960-654: The 2019 general election with a reduced majority of 27,763 (64.9 per cent), and at the 2024 general election with a further reduced majority of 18,884 (48.9 per cent). During the 2016 European Union membership referendum , Starmer supported the Britain Stronger in Europe campaign for the UK to remain in the European Union (EU). A member of both parliamentary groups Labour Friends of Israel and Labour Friends of Palestine and
2058-523: The 2023 local elections , Labour gained more than 500 councillors and 22 councils, becoming the largest party in local government for the first time since 2002 . Labour made further gains at the 2024 local elections , gaining from the Conservatives at the Blackpool South by-election and narrowly winning the West Midlands mayoral election . On 22 May 2024 Prime Minister Rishi Sunak announced that
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#17330846852142156-428: The 2024 Southport stabbing , in which three young girls were killed, Starmer described the incident as horrendous and shocking and thanked emergency services for their swift response. He visited Southport and laid flowers at the scene, where he was heckled by some members of the public. Starmer later wrote amidst the ongoing riots across England and Northern Ireland following the stabbing that those who had "hijacked
2254-473: The Greater London Authority disputed. Similarly, the monarch is immune from criminal prosecution and may only be sued with his permission (this is known as sovereign immunity ). The sovereign, by law, is not required to pay income tax, but Queen Elizabeth II voluntarily paid it from 1993 until the end of her reign in 2022, and also paid local rates voluntarily. However, the monarchy also received
2352-465: The House of Lords , and to undertake a programme to speed up the delivery of "high quality infrastructure" and housing. In addition, a number of bills proposed by the previous Conservative government were also included, notably the Tobacco and Vapes Bill, which featured in the 2023 King's Speech, but had been abandoned when the election was called . Skills England , a body whose objective will be to reduce
2450-721: The Iraq War following the 2003 invasion of Iraq , stating in 2015 that he believed that the war was " not lawful under international law because there was no UN resolution expressly authorising it". Starmer served as a human rights adviser to the Northern Ireland Policing Board and the Association of Chief Police Officers , and was also a member of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office 's Death Penalty Advisory Panel from 2002 to 2008. The Northern Ireland Board
2548-613: The McLibel case , at the trial and appeal in English courts, also representing them before the European Court of Human Rights . Starmer was appointed Queen's Counsel on 9 April 2002, aged 39. In the same year, he became joint head of Doughty Street Chambers. In 2005 Starmer said "I got made a Queen's Counsel, which is odd since I often used to propose the abolition of the monarchy ". Starmer authored legal opinions and marched in protest against
2646-576: The University of Leeds where he became a member of the university's Labour Club before graduating with first-class honours as a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) in 1985. He then went up to St Edmund Hall to pursue postgraduate studies in Jurisprudence taking a Bachelor of Civil Law (BCL) degree from the University of Oxford in 1986. Starmer became a barrister in 1987 at the Middle Temple , then
2744-615: The industrial disputes and strikes including National Health Service strikes . As Labour Leader Starmer focused on repositioning the Party away from the Left and the controversies that affected Corbyn's leadership, with promises of economic stability, tackling small-boat crossings , cutting NHS waiting times and "rebuilding the NHS", worker rights enrichment, energy independence and infrastructure development, tackling crime, improving education and training, reforming public services, renationalising
2842-414: The 2021 local elections, the first local elections of his leadership, but later felt "vindicated" by his decision to stay on, saying "I did [consider quitting] because I didn't feel that I should be bigger than the party and that if I couldn't bring about the change, perhaps there should be a change. But actually, in the end, I reflected on it, talked to very many people and doubled down and determined, no, it
2940-537: The Bar , Starmer practised predominantly in criminal defence work, specialising in human rights . He served as a human rights adviser to the Northern Ireland Policing Board , taking silk as a Queen's Counsel in 2002. During his tenure as Director of Public Prosecutions and Head of the Crown Prosecution Service he dealt with a number of major cases, including the Stephen Lawrence murder case . In
3038-503: The Crown, who may use them without having to obtain the consent of Parliament. The prime minister also has weekly meetings with the monarch. What is said in these meetings is strictly private; however, they generally involve government and political matters which the monarch has a "right and a duty" to comment on. Such comments are non-binding however and the King must ultimately abide by decisions of
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3136-606: The European Parliament are immune from prosecution in EU states under any circumstance. As a consequence, neither EU bodies nor diplomats have to pay taxes, since it would not be possible to prosecute them for tax evasion. When the UK was a member of the EU, this caused a dispute when the US ambassador to the UK claimed that London's congestion charge was a tax, and not a charge (despite the name), and therefore he did not have to pay it—a claim
3234-535: The European Union . In this role, Starmer questioned Theresa May and HM Government 's destination for the UK outside of the EU, as well as calling for Brexit plans to be made public and supporting a proposed Second Referendum on Brexit . Following defeat at the 2019 general election , Corbyn announced that he would not lead Labour at the next general election after "a process of reflection". Starmer began to distance himself from Corbyn's leadership and many of
3332-466: The Government "in the national interest". He later became more critical of HM Government's response to the pandemic following the partygate scandal. In May 2022, Starmer said he would resign were he to receive a fixed penalty notice for breaching COVID-19 regulations while campaigning during the run-up to the Hartlepool by-election and local elections the previous year. The controversy surrounding
3430-534: The Government implemented the most significant enhancement of employment regulations in a generation. This included an increase in minimum wages and a wide array of rights, such as immediate protection against unfair dismissal and the entitlement for employees to request flexible working arrangements, unless the employer can demonstrate that such arrangements are impractical. Billions worth of investments in emerging growth sectors including AI and life sciences, and infrastructure were unveiled by businesses and ministers at
3528-561: The House of Commons. Labour achieved a 174-seat simple majority and a total of 411 seats, the party's third-best result in terms of seat-share following the 1997 and 2001 general elections. The party became the largest in England for the first time since 2005 , in Scotland for the first time since 2010 and retained its status as the largest party in Wales . Despite this, Labour won 34 per cent of
3626-667: The Labour Party no longer being monitored by the EHRC. Starmer's Shadow Cabinet initially comprised both the right and left of the Labour Party. Starmer reshuffled his Shadow Cabinet three times – firstly in May 2021 , secondly in November 2021 , and finally in September 2023 . Starmer's reshuffles reduced the representation of the left and soft left on the Opposition frontbench , while increasing
3724-499: The Middle East , Starmer was urged by a number of activists to stand in the 2015 Labour Party leadership election following the resignation of Ed Miliband as Leader of the Labour Party after Labour's defeat at the 2015 general election ; he ruled this out, citing his relative lack of political experience at the time. During the leadership election Starmer supported Andy Burnham , who finished second to Jeremy Corbyn . Starmer
3822-527: The Treasury to the Economic Secretary to the Treasury . Following the 2017 snap general election , City Minister Simon Kirby lost his seat and was succeeded by Steve Barclay . Following Liz Truss becoming Prime Minister , although Richard Fuller retained his position as Economic Secretary to the Treasury, the City Minister brief was removed from him and returned to the Financial Secretary to
3920-710: The Treasury. Colour key (for political parties): Conservative Labour Government of the United Kingdom King Charles III [REDACTED] William, Prince of Wales [REDACTED] Charles III ( King-in-Council ) [REDACTED] Starmer ministry ( L ) Keir Starmer ( L ) Angela Rayner ( L ) ( King-in-Parliament ) [REDACTED] Charles III [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Lord Reed The Lord Hodge Andrew Bailey Monetary Policy Committee The government of
4018-566: The United Kingdom , officially His Majesty's Government , abbreviated to HM Government , is the central executive authority of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland . The government is led by the prime minister (currently Keir Starmer since 5 July 2024) who selects all the other ministers . The country has had a Labour government since 2024. The prime minister Keir Starmer and his most senior ministers belong to
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4116-588: The age of 16. He won a junior exhibition from the Guildhall School of Music and Drama where he played the flute, piano, recorder and violin until the age of 18. In the early 1980s Starmer was caught by police illegally selling ice creams while trying to raise money during a holiday on the French Riviera . He escaped the incident without punishment, beyond the ice creams being confiscated. The first member of his family to go to university, Starmer read Law at
4214-539: The beard a miss. Starmer was selected in December 2014 as the Labour parliamentary candidate for the constituency of Holborn and St Pancras , a Labour safe seat , following the decision of its sitting MP, Frank Dobson , to retire. Starmer was elected at the 2015 general election with a majority of 17,048 (52.9 per cent). He was re-elected at the 2017 general election with an increased majority of 30,509 (70.1 per cent), at
4312-440: The cabinet ministers for the department and junior ministers within the department may answer on behalf of the government, depending on the topic of the question. During debates on legislation proposed by the government, ministers—usually with departmental responsibility for the bill —will lead the debate for the government and respond to points made by MPs or Lords. Committees of both the House of Commons and House of Lords hold
4410-579: The cap would immediately raise 300,000 children out of poverty. MPs rejected the SNP amendment by 363 votes to 103. The seven Labour MPs suspended for six months were John McDonnell , Richard Burgon , Ian Byrne , Apsana Begum , Imran Hussain , Zarah Sultana , and Rebecca Long-Bailey, all of whom now sit as independents . Starmer launched a Child Poverty Taskforce, in which expert officials from across government would work together on how best to support more than four-million children living in poverty. Following
4508-440: The central government. Keir Starmer Sir Keir Rodney Starmer ( / ˈ k ɪər / KEER ; born 2 September 1962) is a British politician who has served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since 2024 and as Leader of the Labour Party since 2020. He previously served as Leader of the Opposition from 2020 to 2024. He has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Holborn and St Pancras since 2015, and
4606-470: The challenges of an insecure world. Committed to a calm and patient rebuilding. So with respect and humility, I invite you all to join this government of service in the mission of national renewal. Our work is urgent and we begin it today. Other world leaders, including Joe Biden and Justin Trudeau , as well as Blair and Brown, congratulated Starmer upon his appointment as prime minister. One of his first acts
4704-411: The charity commissions) are legally more or less independent of the government, and government powers are legally limited to those retained by the Crown under common law or granted and limited by act of Parliament. Both substantive and procedural limitations are enforceable in the courts by judicial review . Nevertheless, magistrates and mayors can still be arrested and put on trial for corruption, and
4802-436: The confidence of the House of Commons. It requires the support of the House of Commons for the maintenance of supply (by voting through the government's budgets) and to pass primary legislation . By convention, if a government loses the confidence of the House of Commons it must either resign or a general election is held. The support of the Lords, while useful to the government in getting its legislation passed without delay,
4900-487: The conversion were such that his parents were not required to pay for his schooling until he turned 16, and when he reached that point, the school, now a charity, awarded him a bursary that allowed him to complete his education there without any parental contribution. The subjects he chose to study in the sixth form during his last two years at school were mathematics, music and physics, in which he achieved A level grades of B, B and C. Among his classmates at Reigate were
4998-402: The course of justice , stating in relation to the case that "[w]here there is sufficient evidence we do not shy away from prosecuting politicians". In 2012 the journalist Nick Cohen published allegations that Starmer was personally responsible for allowing the prosecution of Paul Chambers to proceed, in what became known as the " Twitter joke trial ". The CPS denied that Starmer was behind
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#17330846852145096-407: The day after the manifesto was released, Starmer pledged that not only would income tax, National Insurance , and VAT not be increased, but that, per their manifesto, their plans were fully costed and funded and would not require tax increases. Starmer led Labour to a landslide victory at the general election, ending fourteen years of Conservative government with Labour becoming the largest party in
5194-460: The day, shining once again, on a country with the opportunity after 14 years to get its future back. We said we would end the chaos and we will. We said we would turn the page and we have. Today we start the next chapter, begin the work of change, the mission of national renewal and start to rebuild our country. As the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons, Starmer was appointed prime minister by King Charles III on 5 July 2024, becoming
5292-461: The decision, saying that it was the responsibility of a Crown Court and was out of Starmer's hands. When Jimmy Savile 's sexual abuse crimes were exposed in 2012, Starmer said amid the subsequent scandal that "It was like a dam had bust and people rightfully wanted to know why he had been allowed to get away with it for so long." In 2013 Starmer announced changes to how sexual abuse investigations were to be handled amid Operation Yewtree , including
5390-550: The establishment of the Council of the Nations and Regions . On 24 July 2024 Starmer attended his first Prime Minister's Questions in parliament. Starmer set about appointing a new Cabinet , which first met on 6 July, and he completed his ministerial appointments on 7 July. Parliament was then recalled to meet on 9 July. Among Starmer's ministerial appointments were the scientist Patrick Vallance as Minister of State for Science ,
5488-605: The event was dubbed " beergate ". In July 2022 Durham Police cleared Starmer and said that he had "no case to answer". In August 2022 the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards , Kathryn Stone , found that Starmer had breached the MPs' code of conduct eight times by failing to register interests on eight occasions. Amidst the historic number of ministers resigning from Boris Johnson 's government in July 2022, Starmer proposed
5586-409: The exchequer to be a member of the House of Lords was Lord Denman , who served for one month in 1834. The British monarch is the head of state and the sovereign , but not the head of government . The monarch takes little direct part in governing the country and remains neutral in political affairs. However, the authority of the state that is vested in the sovereign, known as the Crown , remains
5684-531: The first British Asian prime minister of our country should not be underestimated by anyone" and he also recognised "the dedication and hard work he brought to his leadership", but added that the people of the UK had voted for change: You have given us a clear mandate, and we will use it to deliver change. To restore service and respect to politics, end the era of noisy performance, tread more lightly on your lives, and unite our country. Four nations, standing together again, facing down, as we have so often in our past,
5782-519: The first Labour prime minister since Gordon Brown in 2010 and the first one to win a general election since Tony Blair in 2005 . He and his wife, Victoria, were driven from Buckingham Palace to Downing Street . Starmer stopped the car on the way back from the palace to go on a walkabout in Downing Street to meet cheering crowds. In his first speech as prime minister, Starmer paid tribute to his predecessor, Rishi Sunak, saying "his achievement as
5880-474: The full force of the law" and that "You will regret taking part in this, whether directly or those whipping up this action online and then running away themselves". He added "I won't shy away from calling it what it is – far-right thuggery". Starmer later called an emergency response meeting of COBRA . After the COBRA meeting, Starmer ordered a "standing army" to be set up to tackle the ongoing "far-right" riots. This
5978-469: The government has powers to insert commissioners into a local authority to oversee its work, and to issue directives that must be obeyed by the local authority if the local authority is not abiding by its statutory obligations. By contrast, as in European Union (EU) member states, EU officials cannot be prosecuted for any actions carried out in pursuit of their official duties, and foreign country diplomats (though not their employees) and foreign members of
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#17330846852146076-755: The government on the statement. When the government instead chooses to make announcements first outside Parliament, it is often the subject of significant criticism from MPs and the speaker of the House of Commons . The prime minister is based at 10 Downing Street in Westminster , London. Cabinet meetings also take place here. Most government departments have their headquarters nearby in Whitehall . The government's powers include general executive and statutory powers , delegated legislation , and numerous powers of appointment and patronage. However, some powerful officials and bodies, (e.g. HM judges, local authorities , and
6174-477: The government to account, scrutinise its work and examine in detail proposals for legislation. Ministers appear before committees to give evidence and answer questions. Government ministers are also required by convention and the Ministerial Code , when Parliament is sitting, to make major statements regarding government policy or issues of national importance to Parliament. This allows MPs or Lords to question
6272-514: The government. Royal prerogative powers include, but are not limited to, the following: While no formal documents set out the prerogatives, the government published the above list in October 2003 to increase transparency, as some of the powers exercised in the name of the monarch are part of the royal prerogative . However, the complete extent of the royal prerogative powers has never been fully set out, as many of them originated in ancient custom and
6370-470: The idea of there being a minister specifically responsible for the City was retained and it was decided that the post would be held concurrently with the position of Financial Secretary to the Treasury , held at the time by Mark Hoban . Following the promotion of Sajid Javid to Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport in April 2014 the portfolio of City Minister was moved from the Financial Secretary to
6468-458: The last government. Over 1,700 prisoners were released in September, with further releases expected in the following year. It then emerged that one prisoner released early under the scheme was charged with sexual assault relating to an alleged offence against a woman on the same day he was freed. Starmer has defended the releasing of prisoners, and accused the previous government of having "broke[n]
6566-503: The musician Norman Cook (Fatboy Slim), with whom Starmer took violin lessons; Andrew Cooper , who later became a Conservative peer, and the future conservative journalist Andrew Sullivan . According to Starmer, he and Sullivan "fought over everything... Politics, religion.. You name it." In his teenage years Starmer was active in Labour Party politics joining the Labour Party Young Socialists at
6664-547: The need for overseas employees by improving skills training for people in England, was launched on 22 July. One of Starmer's first acts was the cancellation of the controversial Rwanda asylum plan , describing it as "dead and buried". Cooper established the Border Security Command to tackle smuggling gangs which facilitate illegal migrant crossings over the English Channel . Shortly after taking office, Starmer said that there were "too many prisoners", and described
6762-585: The party , and his party made significant gains in the 2023 and 2024 local elections . Starmer led Labour to a landslide victory at the 2024 general election , ending fourteen years of Conservative Party governance and with the smallest share of the electoral vote of any majority government since record-keeping of the popular vote began in 1830 . Under Starmer's premiership , the government has ended certain winter fuel payments for around 10 million people, implemented an early-release scheme for thousands of prisoners to decrease prison overcrowding, and settled
6860-403: The party's first parliamentary leader, Keir Hardie , although Starmer neither confirmed nor denied whether this was the case when asked in 2015. Starmer passed the 11-plus examination and gained entry to Reigate Grammar School , then a voluntary-aided selective grammar school . Reigate GS converted into an independent fee-paying school in 1976, while he was a student. The terms of
6958-429: The party. This is what it is for – a changed Labour Party ready to serve our country, ready to restore Britain to the service of working people. And across our country people will be waking up to the news, relieved that a weight has been lifted, a burden finally removed from the shoulders of this great nation. And now we can look forward. Walk into the morning, the sunlight of hope, pale at first but getting stronger through
7056-433: The period of absolute monarchy , or were modified by later constitutional practice. As of 2019, there are around 120 government ministers supported by 560,000 civil servants and other staff working in the 24 ministerial departments and their executive agencies . There are also an additional 20 non-ministerial departments with a range of further responsibilities. In theory, a government minister does not have to be
7154-459: The planning system, infrastructure, energy, healthcare, education, childcare, and strengthening workers' rights, as set out in Labour's 2024 election manifesto. The 2024 State Opening of Parliament outlined 39 bills that Labour proposed to introduce in the months ahead, including ones to renationalise the railways , to bring local bus services under local public control, to strengthen the rights of workers, to tackle illegal immigration , to reform
7252-482: The policies put forward at the general election, later revealing in 2024 that he was "certain that we would lose the 2019 election". On 4 January 2020 Starmer announced his candidacy for the resultant leadership election . He gained support from the former Labour prime minister Gordon Brown and London Mayor Sadiq Khan . During the Labour leadership campaign, Starmer ran a left-wing platform and positioned himself in opposition to austerity , stating that Corbyn
7350-467: The position of Financial Services Secretary to the Treasury which was created by Gordon Brown upon coming to office in October 2008. The only person to have held the office was Lord Myners , who served from October 2008 to May 2010. In May 2010 as part of the ministerial reorganisation by the Cameron Government the position of Financial Services Secretary to the Treasury was abolished. However,
7448-399: The previous government as having acted "almost beyond recklessness". In order to manage the prison overcrowding, the newly-appointed Justice Secretary , Shabana Mahmood , announced the implementation of an early release scheme which allowed for prisoners in England and Wales to be released after serving 40 per cent of their sentences rather than the 50 per cent previously introduced under
7546-494: The previous government of leaving a £21.9bn "black hole", and announced on 29 July that certain winter fuel payments would be scrapped for around 10 million pensioners. Following criticism of the plan , Starmer has defended the scrapping of these winter fuel payments, arguing that he had to make "tough decisions to stabilise the economy". On 10 September the Government benches defeated a Conservative Party motion in Parliament by
7644-528: The prison system." Starmer has declined to abolish the two-child benefit cap introduced by the Cameron–Clegg coalition government in 2013, citing financial reasons. On 23 July 2024 Labour withdrew the whip from seven of its MPs who had supported an amendment tabled by the Scottish National Party 's Westminster parliamentary leader Stephen Flynn to scrap it, with Flynn saying that scrapping
7742-462: The railway network, and recruiting 6,500 teachers. Starmer also pledged to end antisemitism within the Labour Party . In October 2020, following the release of the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC)'s report into antisemitism in the Labour Party , Starmer accepted its findings in full and apologised to Jews on the Party's behalf. In February 2023 Starmer's antisemitism reforms resulted in
7840-707: The rehabilitation campaigner James Timpson as Minister of State for Prisons, Parole and Probation , and the international law expert Richard Hermer as Attorney General for England and Wales , who were created life peers to sit in the House of Lords . The new government also contains a few ministers from the New Labour Blair/Brown governments, including Hilary Benn , Yvette Cooper, David Lammy, and Ed Miliband in Cabinet, and Jacqui Smith and Douglas Alexander as junior ministers. Domestically, Starmer said that his primary concerns would be economic growth, reforming
7938-482: The representation of the Party's right. Notable changes included Rachel Reeves replacing Anneliese Dodds as Shadow Chancellor , the demotion of Lisa Nandy from Shadow Levelling-Up Secretary to Shadow Minister for International Development , and the replacement of Chief Whip Nick Brown with Alan Campbell . Resignations from Starmer's Shadow Cabinet included Andy McDonald and Rosena Allin-Khan . Starmer considered resigning after Labour's mixed results in
8036-433: The source of executive power exercised by the government. In addition to explicit statutory authority , the Crown also possesses a body of powers in certain matters collectively known as the royal prerogative . These powers range from the authority to issue or withdraw passports to declarations of war. By long-standing convention, most of these powers are delegated from the sovereign to various ministers or other officers of
8134-589: The sovereign, although this authority is exercised only after receiving the advice of the Privy Council . The prime minister, the House of Lords, the Leader of the Opposition, and the police and military high command serve as members and advisers of the monarch on the Privy Council. In most cases the cabinet exercise power directly as leaders of the government departments , though some Cabinet positions are sinecures to
8232-400: The start of Edward VII 's reign in 1901, by convention, the prime minister has been an elected member of Parliament (MP) and thus answerable to the House of Commons, although there were two weeks in 1963 when Alec Douglas-Home was first a member of the House of Lords and then of neither house. A similar convention applies to the position of chancellor of the exchequer . The last chancellor of
8330-525: The supreme decision-making committee, known as the Cabinet . Ministers of the Crown are responsible to the House in which they sit; they make statements in that House and take questions from members of that House. For most senior ministers this is usually the elected House of Commons rather than the House of Lords . The government is dependent on Parliament to make primary legislation , and general elections are held every five years (at most) to elect
8428-477: The town of Oxted , Surrey. He was the second of the four children of Josephine ( née Baker ), a nurse, and Rodney Starmer, a toolmaker . His mother contracted Still's disease . His mother attended St. John's Anglican Church in Hurst Green whilst his father was an atheist. He was nominally "brought up Church of England ." His parents were both Labour Party supporters, and reputedly named him after
8526-688: The trust of people". Starmer represented Croatia at the genocide hearings before the International Court of Justice at The Hague in 2014, arguing that Serbia wanted to seize a third of Croatian territory during the 1990s war and eradicate the Croatian population. In July 2008 Patricia Scotland , Attorney General for England and Wales , named Starmer as the new Head of the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) and Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP). He succeeded Ken Macdonald , who publicly welcomed Starmer's appointment, on 1 November 2008. Starmer
8624-419: The vigil for the victims" had "insulted the community as it grieves" and that rioters would feel the full force of the law. On 1 August, and following a meeting with senior police officers, Starmer announced the establishment of a National Violent Disorder Programme to facilitate greater cooperation between police forces when dealing with violent disorder . On 4 August Starmer stated that rioters "will feel
8722-535: The vote in the first round. It is the honour and the privilege of my life to be elected as Leader of the Labour Party. I want to thank Rebecca and Lisa for running such passionate and powerful campaigns and for their friendship and support along the way. I want to thank our Labour Party staff who worked really hard and my own amazing campaign team, full of positivity, with that unifying spirit. I want to pay tribute to Jeremy Corbyn, who led our party through some really difficult times, who energised our movement and who's
8820-661: The vote – the lowest of any party forming a majority government in the post-war era, leading to concerns about the proportionality of the election . In his victory speech Starmer thanked Labour Party workers for their work – including nearly five years of revamping and rebranding Labour in the face of Conservative dominance – and urged them to savour the moment, but warned them of challenges ahead and pledged his government would seek "national renewal": We did it! You campaigned for it, you fought for it, you voted for it and now it has arrived. Change begins now. And it feels good, I have to be honest. Four-and-a-half years of work changing
8918-555: Was Director of Public Prosecutions from 2008 to 2013. Born in London and raised in Surrey , Starmer attended the selective state Reigate Grammar School . He was active politically as a teenager, and graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Leeds in 1985 and received a postgraduate Bachelor of Civil Law degree from the University of Oxford where he was a student at St Edmund Hall in 1986. After being called to
9016-508: Was a powerful advocate of the rights of everyone in Holborn and St Pancras throughout his highly distinguished parliamentary career. Widely respected and widely regarded, he served the people of Holborn and St Pancras for 36 years. Although I doubt I will clock up 36 years, I intend to follow in Frank Dobson's footsteps—albeit my jokes are likely to seem tame when compared with his, and I might give
9114-507: Was an important part of bringing communities together following the Good Friday Agreement , and Starmer later cited his work on policing in Northern Ireland as being a key influence on his decision to pursue a political career: "Some of the things I thought that needed to change in police services we achieved more quickly than we achieved in strategic litigation... I came better to understand how you can change by being inside and getting
9212-467: Was appointed to Corbyn's Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Home Office Minister in July 2015. He resigned from this role in June 2016 as part of the widespread Shadow Cabinet resignations in protest at Corbyn's leadership following the 2016 EU Referendum result. Following Corbyn's re-election at the September 2016 leadership election , Starmer accepted a new post from Corbyn as Shadow Secretary of State for Exiting
9310-446: Was deemed to be bringing a focus on human rights into the legal system. In 2011 he introduced reforms that included the "first test paperless hearing". During his time as DPP Starmer dealt with a number of major cases including the Stephen Lawrence murder case , where he brought his murderers to justice. In February 2010 Starmer announced the CPS's decision to prosecute three Labour MPs and
9408-751: Was possible under the special emergency powers which first used 40 years ago under the Ridley Plan , to tackle striking miners in 1984 and 1985. Starmer faced criticism for his response to the riots, including from Elon Musk , the wealthiest person in the world, for not condemning all participants and only blaming the far-right . Musk dubbed Starmer "Two-Tier Keir", asking, "why aren't all communities protected in Britain?". Starmer rejected calls from some MPs, including Reform Party leader Nigel Farage and Conservative Dame Priti Patel , to recall parliament to Westminster . The new Chancellor , Rachel Reeves, accused
9506-487: Was right to position Labour as "the party of anti-austerity ". He indicated he would continue with the Labour policy of scrapping tuition fees as well as pledging "common ownership" of rail, mail, energy and water companies, and called for ending outsourcing in the NHS, local government and the justice system. Starmer was declared the winner of Labour's leadership contest on 4 April 2020, defeating his rivals, Rebecca Long-Bailey and Lisa Nandy , with 56.2 per cent of
9604-491: Was to declare the Rwanda asylum plan as "dead": the Home Secretary, Yvette Cooper , would establish a Border Security Command to tackle smuggling gangs which facilitate illegal migrant crossings over the English Channel . Starmer went on a tour of the four nations of the UK , meeting with leaders including John Swinney , Michelle O'Neill , and Vaughan Gething . He also met the twelve regional mayors and announced
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