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66-631: The new theatre was located on the north-east side of the present Rond-Point of the Champs-Élysées . At first called the Cirque National , it also became known as the Cirque des Champs-Élysées and the Cirque Olympique des Champs-Élysées . In 1853 it was renamed Cirque de l'Impératrice (in honor of the new Empress Eugénie ), a name which it retained until the fall of the empire in 1870. The cirque on

132-477: A ballet from his opera Russlan and Ludmilla . The finale from Berlioz's dramatic symphony Roméo et Juliette had a Russian bass singing the role of Friar Laurence. The concert also included L'invitation à la valse , Berlioz's orchestration of Carl Maria von Weber's piano piece Invitation to the Dance (which Berlioz had inserted as part of the ballet in his edition of Weber's opera Der Freischütz prepared for

198-529: A bank, and newspaper kiosks along the avenue. Paris Métro Line 1 runs under the Champs-Élysées. Several stations are located along it - stations from west to east are: Charles de Gaulle – Étoile at the street's west end at Arc de Triomphe , George V by the Hôtel George-V , Franklin D. Roosevelt at the rond-point des Champs-Élysées, Champs-Élysées – Clemenceau at place Clemenceau and Concorde at

264-440: A chandelier with 130 gas jets hung over the center of the performance ring, which was surrounded by sixteen rows of seats. The stadium-style seating was "raked so sharply that those who wished might admire the costumes of fashionable women from head to toe." The director of the theatre, a man by the name of Gallois, soon installed heating, and, being aware of the great success of the monster concert presented by Hector Berlioz at

330-648: A first effort to stem these changes, the City of Paris (which has called this trend " banalisation ") initially decided in 2007 to prohibit the Swedish clothing chain H&;M from opening a store on the avenue; however, a large H&M store opened two years later at 88 Champs-Élysées. In 2008, American clothing chain Abercrombie & Fitch was given permission to open a store. The Champs-Élysées has mid-size shopping malls, extending

396-588: A long time was the clown Jean-Baptiste Auriol (1808–1881). La Belle Otero and Émilienne d'Alençon also made their debuts there. Hittorf also designed a similar theatre, the Cirque Napoléon on the rue des Filles Calvaires which opened in 1852 and was renamed Cirque d'Hiver (Winter Circus) in 1870. The Cirque d'Été was only open in the summer from 1 May to 30 October, and the Cirque d'Hiver ran from 1 November to 30 April. The Cirque d'Été's success continued into

462-485: A magic ring to Ratmir that will awaken Lyudmila when she is brought back to Kiev. Tableau 2 Lyudmila lies asleep in Svetozar's banquet hall. It turns out that Farlaf, with Naina's assistance, kidnapped Lyudmila and brought her to Kiev so as to appear to have been her rescuer. However, he cannot waken her. Horses approach, and Ruslan, Ratmir, and Gorislava arrive. Ruslan brings the magic ring to Lyudmila, and she awakens. As

528-535: A moment, Ratmir himself comes on the scene and falls under the spell of the maidens, who seduce him with dance. The final guest attracted to the castle is Ruslan, who finds himself forgetting Lyudmila upon seeing Gorislava. Suddenly Finn appears; and, after pronouncing a happy fate for Ratmir with Gorislava, and for Ruslan with Lyudmila, the castle turns into a forest as they resolve to rescue Lyudmila. Within Chernomor's magical gardens, Lyudmila longs for Ruslan and resists

594-560: A production at the Paris Opera in 1841). Apparently Glinka was quite pleased with the music he heard by Berlioz: he soon departed on a trip to Spain planning to compose fantaisies pittoresque in the style of Berlioz. The fourth program on 6 April was billed as a séance Berlioz and included the overture from Weber's Freischütz , excerpts from Berlioz's symphonies Harold en Italie and Roméo et Juliette , and Quasimodo's aria with chorus from Louise Bertin 's opera La Esmeralda sung by

660-542: A redesign of the Place de la Concorde as well. The work will not begin in earnest before the 2024 Summer Olympics are held in Paris, but the goal is to complete the project by 2030. Russlan and Ludmilla Ruslan and Lyudmila (Russian: Руслан и Людмила , romanized : Ruslán i Lyudmíla listen ) is an opera in five acts (eight tableaux) composed by Mikhail Glinka between 1837 and 1842. The libretto

726-446: A sword heavy enough to complete his new set of armor. When the fog lifts, a giant Head is revealed and blows through its lips to bring up a storm so as to drive Ruslan away. When Ruslan strikes the head with his spear, the Head falls back and reveals a sword underneath. He takes it and asks the Head whence it came. As it is dying, the Head explains that it once was a giant, and his dwarf brother

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792-665: Is French for the Elysian Fields , the place for dead heroes in Greek mythology . It has been described as the "most beautiful avenue in the whole world". The avenue runs for 1.91 km (1.19 mi) through the 8th arrondissement in northwestern Paris , from the Place de la Concorde in the east, with the Obelisk of Luxor , to the Place Charles de Gaulle (formerly the Place de l'Étoile ) in

858-427: Is a crash of thunder. The people are paralysed by a spell while two monsters carry Lyudmila away. When light returns and everyone recovers, they panic over Lyudmila's disappearance. Svetozar promises half his kingdom and Lyudmila's hand to the man who brings her back. The three suitors ready themselves for the journey to find Lyudmila. Tableau 1 Ruslan comes upon the cave of the kindly wizard Finn, who tells him that

924-528: Is an avenue in the 8th arrondissement of Paris , France, 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) long and 70 metres (230 ft) wide, running between the Place de la Concorde in the east and the Place Charles de Gaulle in the west, where the Arc de Triomphe is located. It is known for its theatres, cafés, and luxury shops; as the finish of the Tour de France cycling race; and for its annual Bastille Day military parade . The name

990-565: Is the evil sorcerer Chernomor. The sword was destined to kill both of them; so, in order to forestall fate, Chernomor tricked the giant, beheaded him, and flew his live head away to the distant desert to keep the sword protected underneath it. With the sword now in Ruslan's hands, the Head calls for vengeance on Chernomor. Young maidens are luring passing travelers to enter Naina's magical castle. Gorislava appears, looking for Ratmir, who had taken her captive and then abandoned her. After she goes away for

1056-613: Is the oldest standing committee in Paris. The committee has always dedicated itself to seeking public projects to enhance the avenue's unique atmosphere, and to lobby the authorities for extended business hours and to organizing special events. Today, the committee, in coordination with other professional organisations, may review with the Parisian administration the addition to the avenue of new businesses whose floor area would exceed 1000 square meters. The arrival of global chain stores in recent years has strikingly changed its character, and in

1122-487: Is the use of the whole tone scale for the first time in Russian music. It is particularly associated thematically with Chernomor and, as a result, became so popular among Russian composers for suggesting evil or ominous personages or situations, that even today Russian musicians refer to the whole tone scale as gamma Chernomora , or "Chernomor's scale". The rollicking overture is one of the best known orchestral showpieces in

1188-618: The Bolshoi Kamenniy Teatr . The initial lack of enthusiasm for this Russian-inspired production has been attributed to the Saint Petersburg's audience's growing taste at the time for Italian opera, which was so pronounced that in 1843, Tsar Nicholas I established an Italian opera company in the Bolshoi Kamenniy Teatr, and the Russian opera company lost its home. Four years later, the opera was given its Moscow premiere at

1254-945: The Bolshoi Theatre in 1846. The opera has been a mainstay of the Bolshoi, having staged over 700 performances in 9 different productions over the past 165 years. The opera was first performed in the UK on 4 June 1931 at the Lyceum Theatre in London and in the US as a concert version in New York on 26 December 1942. It was given its first staged performance in the US by Sarah Caldwell 's Opera Company of Boston on 5 March 1977. Time : The time of Kievan Rus' (9th to 13th centuries) Place : Kiev ; various imaginary and fantastic locations In Svetozar's banquet hall,

1320-618: The Grand Palais is today. In 1858, following the Exposition, the Emperor's prefect of the Seine, Georges-Eugène Haussmann , had the gardens transformed from a formal French garden into a picturesque English style garden, based on a small town called Southport, with groves of trees, flowerbeds, and winding paths. The rows of elm trees, which were in poor health, were replaced by rows of chestnut trees. By

1386-671: The Hundred Days had camped in the park and used the trees for firewood. The avenue from the Rond-Point to the Étoile was built up during the Empire . The major monument of the Boulevard, the Arc de Triomphe , had been commissioned by Napoleon after his victory at the Battle of Austerlitz , but it was not finished when he fell from power in 1815. The monument remained unfinished until 1833–1836, when it

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1452-554: The Paris Opera , in 1883. Throughout its history, the avenue has been the site of military parades; the most famous were the victory parades of German troops in 1871 and again in 1940 celebrating the Fall of France on 14 July 1940, and the three most joyous were the parades celebrating the Allied victory in the First World War in 1919, and the parades of Free French and American forces after

1518-589: The President of the French Republic —borders the park, but is not on the Avenue itself. The Champs-Élysées ends at the Arc de Triomphe , built to honor the victories of Napoléon Bonaparte . Until the reign of Louis XIV , the land where the Champs-Élysées runs today was largely occupied by fields and kitchen gardens. The Champs-Élysées and its gardens were originally laid out in 1667 by André Le Nôtre as an extension of

1584-617: The Third French Republic became the official residence of the Presidents of France. The park served again as an exposition site during the Universal Exposition of 1900 ; it became the home of the Grand Palais and Petit Palais . It also became the home of a new panorama theater, designed by Gabriel Davioud , the chief architect of Napoleon III, in 1858. The modern theater Marigny was built by Charles Garnier , architect of

1650-566: The Tuileries Garden , the gardens of the Tuileries Palace , which had been built in 1564, and which Le Nôtre had rebuilt in his own formal style for Louis XIV in 1664. Le Nôtre planned a wide promenade between the palace and the modern Rond Point, lined with two rows of elm trees on either side, and flowerbeds in the symmetrical style of the French formal garden . The new boulevard was called

1716-431: The first round of voting in the 2017 French presidential election . On 19 June 2017, a suspected terrorist drove a munitions-laden car into a police vehicle on the Champs-Élysées. The attacker was then shot dead. On 16 March 2019, Gilets Jaunes protests on the Champs-Élysées erupted into violence. A portion of the 10,000 protesters in the city, about 1,500 people, looted and/or set on fire some 80 shops, restaurants,

1782-532: The largest military parade in Europe passes down the Champs-Élysées, reviewed by the President of the Republic . Every year during Advent , Christmastide , and Epiphany , the 'Champs-Élysées' Committee contribute for the holidays seasons lighting of the Champs-Élysées. This generally occurs from late November until early January. From 1975 to 2023, the last stage of the Tour de France cycling race has finished on

1848-574: The "Grand Cours", or "Grand Promenade". It did not take the name of Champs-Élysées until 1709. In 1710 the avenue was extended beyond the Rond-Point as far as the modern Place d'Étoile. In 1765 the garden was remade in the Le Nôtre style by Abel François Poisson , the marquis de Marigny, brother of the Madame de Pompadour and Director-General of the King's Buildings. Marigny extended the avenue again in 1774 as far as

1914-426: The 1 and 2 francs typically charged for an equestrian show. Berlioz was later to write in his memoirs: "I do not remember what terms we agreed on; I know only that it turned out badly for him [Gallois]. The takings of the four concerts, for which we had engaged five hundred performers, were inevitably insufficient to cover all the cost of such huge forces. Once again the place was quite unsuitable for music. This time

1980-529: The 100,000 pedestrians who visited the Champs-Élysées each day in 2019 were tourists and another 22% worked there. At the beginning of 2021, the Mayor of Paris , Anne Hidalgo , announced that the city would transform the Champs-Élysées into an "extraordinary garden" which will reduce the space for auto traffic by half, add more pedestrian space, and create "tunnels of trees" for improved air quality. A walkway will connect over 200 acres of green space stretching between

2046-586: The 1880s. Many Parisians visited on Saturdays, and it was considered chic. Public interest waned after the exposition universelle de 1889 . It was demolished after 1900 (most likely in 1902) and gave its name to the rue du Cirque . 48°52′09″N 2°18′43″E  /  48.8692°N 2.3119°E  / 48.8692; 2.3119 Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es The Avenue des Champs-Élysées ( UK : / ˌ ʃ ɒ̃ z eɪ ˈ l iː z eɪ , ɛ -/ , US : / ʃ ɒ̃ z ˌ eɪ l i ˈ z eɪ / ; French: [av(ə)ny de ʃɑ̃z‿elize] )

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2112-611: The Arc de Triomphe, the Place de la Concorde, and the Tuileries Gardens. The city intends to adopt the plans formulated by the Champs-Élysées Committee, which has been campaigning for a redesign of the avenue since 2018 and which held a public consultation as to what the redesign should include. The plans are meant to make the avenue more "ecological, desirable and inclusive," and will cost an estimated €250 million. It will include

2178-501: The Champs-Élysées should not be confused with the same company's winter theatre, the Cirque Olympique on the Boulevard du Temple , which had opened in 1827, or with the company's later winter theatre, the Cirque Napoléon (on the rue des Filles Calvaires), also built for Louis Dejean and opened in 1852. The latter theatre dropped the name Cirque Napoléon in 1870 and became primarily known as the Cirque d'Hiver (Winter Circus). The theatre on

2244-534: The Champs-Élysées was demolished in 1902. In 1836 Louis Dejean, the owner of the Cirque Olympique on the boulevard du Temple, obtained an additional license for a summer tent-circus at the Carré Marigny on the Champs-Élysées. This was replaced in 1841 by a polygonal stone edifice with 16 sides. A pedimented porch on the east side was surmounted with a bronze equestrian statue designed by Pradier , and panels on

2310-578: The Champs-Élysées. The subsequent awards ceremony also takes place directly on the avenue. In 1995, terror attacks by Algerian militants took place in France; one attack took place at the Arc de Triomphe on the Champs-Élysées, wounding 17. Huge gatherings occasionally take place on the Champs-Élysées in celebration of popular events, such as New Year's Eve, or when France won the FIFA World Cup in 1998 and 2018 . The Champs-Élysées has occasionally been

2376-555: The Head's narrative, but seen to best advantage in the Persian Chorus that opens act 3, where the tune remains intact through five statements while the orchestral background is changed completely on each repetition. Along with its counterpart A Life for the Tsar , this second opera by Glinka confirmed a Russian national operatic foundation that was to be built upon by the next generation of Russian composers. In particular, Ruslan served as

2442-452: The Turks"), and Berlioz's overture to Les francs-juges . Apparently, Meyer's Marche "electrified the audience, and was furiously encored." The third concert on 16 March was organized around the theme séance russe . There was music by the Russian composer Mikhail Glinka , who was in Paris at the time and attended the concerts, which included excerpts from his opera A Life for the Tsar and

2508-717: The West and known for being a nightmare for bassists. An orchestral feature of act 1 is the use of piano and harp to suggest the timbre of the gusli . Glinka's debt to Western operatic models is abundantly apparent in Farlaf's Rondo, a Russian emulation of Figaro's " Largo al factotum " from Rossini's The Barber of Seville . Glinka's variation treatment of folk melody crystallized in Ruslan into what has been called his influential "changing background technique", used, for example, in Finn's ballad and

2574-436: The aid of the magicians there. Chernomor's former slaves freely come along. Tableau 1 In a moonlit valley, Ruslan, Ratmir, and Gorislava, with Lyudmila, have camped for the night. Ratmir, who is standing guard, worries about Ruslan, and then expresses his happiness at his reunion with Gorislava. Suddenly the slaves report that Lyudmila once again has been abducted and that Ruslan has left in search of her. Finn appears, gives

2640-489: The avenue has been closed to motor traffic on the first Sunday of every month, in an effort to cut pollution in the city. A 2019 article in The Guardian stated that the avenue "has more and more visitors and big name businesses battle to be on it, but to French people it's looking worn out.” It has also become mainly a tourist attraction, which Parisians largely avoid. According to the architect Philippe Chiambaretta, 72% of

2706-462: The concerts and held sectional rehearsals at the Salle Herz . Fortunately, Gallois underwrote all the costs. The first concert on 19 January 1845 included Beethoven's "Emperor" Concerto with Charles Hallé as the piano soloist, excerpts from Gluck's operas Alceste and Orphée , as well as works by Berlioz, including the overture Le carnaval romain , La tour de Nice (the original version of

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2772-434: The decrepit Naina approaches him. She promises to get Lyudmila for him and send Ruslan far away. She disappears, and Farlaf rejoices in his triumph. Tableau 3 Ruslan, having come upon a foggy desert strewn with weapons and bones from a past battle, wonders at the cause of this scene and whether he, too, may end up the same way. He chooses a new shield and spear from the ground to replace his broken weaponry, but cannot find

2838-653: The evil sorcerer Chernomor has absconded with Lyudmila and that Ruslan is the man who will destroy him. Ruslan asks Finn why he lives in this deserted place, and Finn relates the story of many years ago, when he was a shepherd in his distant homeland (he says he is "a Finn ") and fell in love with a beautiful girl named Naina. When she rejected his declaration of love, he went off to do battle with enemies for booty. Returning with this booty, he presented it to Naina, but she yet again spurned him. Then he resolved to study magic to win her; many years went by, and through sorcery he finally summoned an old, grey-haired, humpbacked woman – it

2904-400: The first two concerts at the Cirque were well attended, the numbers quickly declined and the series closed after the fourth concert. The location, not a popular spot in the wintertime, was probably partly to blame, as were the acoustics of the hall, which was too reverberant. In addition, the ticket prices of 5 francs for the upper level and 10 francs for the lower were significantly higher than

2970-606: The garden into a sort of outdoor amusement park, with a summer garden café, the Alcazar d'eté; two restaurants, the Ledoyen and the restaurant de l'Horloge; a theater, the Lacaze; the Panorama, built in 1839, where large historical paintings were displayed; and the cirque d'eté (1841), a large hall for popular theater, musical, and circus performances. He also placed several ornamental fountains around

3036-458: The influence of the enchanted surroundings. Chernomor with his retinue arrives; dances are performed. A trumpet call signals a challenge from Ruslan. Chernomor puts Lyudmila under a sleeping spell and goes off to fight Ruslan, who shortly comes on the scene triumphantly wearing Chernomor's beard around his helmet. Although he is disheartened by Lyudmila's condition, Ruslan, along with Ratmir and Gorislava, resolve to return to Kiev with Lyudmila to seek

3102-475: The late 19th century, the Champs-Élysées had become a fashionable avenue; the trees on either side had grown enough to form rectangular groves ( cabinets de verdure ). The gardens of the town houses of the nobility built along the Faubourg Saint-Honoré backed onto the formal gardens. The grandest of the private mansions near the Avenue was the Élysée Palace , a private residence of the nobility which during

3168-561: The liberation of the city, respectively, the French 2nd Armored Division on 25 August 1944, and the US 28th Infantry Division on 29 August 1944. In 1860, the merchants joined to form the Syndicat d'Initiative et de Défense des Champs-Élysées , an association to promote commerce along the avenue. In 1980, the group changed its name to the Comité des Champs-Élysées and to Comité Champs-Élysées in 2008. It

3234-589: The modern Porte Maillot . Following the French Revolution , two equestrian statues, made in 1745 by Nicolas and Guillaume Coustou, were transferred from the former royal palace at Marly and placed at the beginning of the boulevard and park. After the downfall of Napoleon and the restoration of the French monarchy, the trees had to be replanted, because the occupation armies of the Russians, British, and Prussians during

3300-497: The nearby Festival de l'Industrie during the summer of 1844, engaged the composer for a series of six grand concerts to be presented at the Cirque that winter on Sunday afternoons, a day when no competing ones would be given at the Paris Conservatoire . The contract stipulated that Berlioz would hire and rehearse the orchestra and chorus, select the music, and conduct the performances. Berlioz engaged 350 players and singers for

3366-407: The other sides sported ornamental bas-relief horses' heads designed by Duret and Bosio . The theatre was spacious and held as many as 4,000 to 6,000 spectators. To the north was a rectangular building which included the stables. The interior was decorated in a Moorish style, and the roof was supported by light iron columns. The ceiling was decorated with compartments enclosing equestrian figures, and

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3432-590: The overture Le corsaire ), and the "Dies irae" and "Tuba mirum" from his requiem mass, the Grande Messe des morts . The latter two excerpts were played at the conclusion of all the concerts. The second concert on 16 February had the theme séance orientale , in keeping with the decoration of the hall. The program included Félicien David 's symphonic ode Le désert , the Austrian "lion-pianist" Léopold de Meyer playing his Marche marocaine , Op. 22 (subtitled "War-song of

3498-405: The park, of which three are still in place. In 1846, Prince Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, the future Napoleon III , Emperor of the French, lived for a brief period in lodgings just off Lord Street, Southport . It is claimed the street is the inspiration behind the Champs-Élysées. Between 1854 and 1870, Napoléon III orchestrated the reconstruction of the French capital. The medieval centre of the city

3564-498: The programme of every concert. The Cirque d'Été typically had relatively inexpensive ticket prices. In 1846, 1852, and 1862, spectators were paying 1 franc for the upper level seating and 2 francs for the lower. The theatre reached its apogee during the Second French Empire under the name Cirque de l'Impératrice (1853–1870), after which it became known as the Cirque d'Été or the Cirque des Champs-Élysées. Its big attraction for

3630-954: The shopping area: Élysées 26 (26) with Agatha jewellery and l'Eclaireur fashion, Galeries du Claridge (74) with Annick Goutal perfumes, Fnac, Paul & Shark, Arcades des Champs-Élysées (78) with Starbucks. The list of fashion stores include Adidas (22), Abercrombie & Fitch (23), Zara (40, 44), J.M. Weston (55), Foot Locker (66), Longchamp (77), Nike (79), Levi's (76), H&M (88), Morgan (92), Lacoste (93–95), Marks & Spencer (100), Louis Vuitton (101), Hugo Boss (115), Massimo Dutti (116), Petit Bateau (116), Milady (120), Dior (127), Celio (146, 150). The list of perfume stores include Guerlain (68) (Le 68 de Guy Martin), Sephora multi brand (70), Yves Rocher (102). Jewellers: Tiffany & Co. (62), Bulgari (136), Swarovski (146), Cartier (154). Book and music store: FNAC (74). The list of car show-rooms include Citroen (42), Renault (53), Toyota (79), Mercedes (118), Peugeot (136). Every year on Bastille Day on 14 July,

3696-427: The site of large political protest meetings. On 20 April 2017, a police officer was shot dead on the Champs-Élysées by an extremist and two other officers were injured. They were all sitting in a parked police van, when the attacker pulled up in front of the van. The attacker tried to shoot civilians (including a tourist) and was immediately shot dead by other police on the spot. The shooting happened two days before

3762-468: The sound reverberated so slowly in that heart-breaking rotunda that compositions of any complexity gave rise to the most horrid confusions of harmony. Only one piece was really effective and that was the Dies irae from my Requiem. Its breadth of tempo and harmonic movement made it seem less incongruous than any of the others in those booming cathedral-like spaces. It scored such a success that we had to include it in

3828-555: The southern end of the avenue, where the Place de la Concorde is located. The Champs-Élysées has encountered rising problems with air pollution from the estimated 3,000 vehicles per hour which drive through its eight lanes. It is more polluted than the Périphérique ring road which encircles the city, with nitrogen dioxide levels twice as high as the recommended limit set by the World Health Organization . Since 2016,

3894-423: The tableau opens onto a view of Kiev, the people rejoice in their gods, their motherland, and the young couple. Overture Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5 As with A Life for the Tsar , Ruslan employs some aspects of Russian folk music; it is also noted for imaginative use of dissonance, chromaticism, and Eastern elements. Of particular consequence

3960-447: The tenor Jean-Étienne-Auguste Massol , who had created the role at the Paris Opera in 1836. (At the premiere the aria had made such a good impression that Alexandre Dumas had cried out "It's by Berlioz! It's by Berlioz!". Berlioz denied that he had written any of the music, and only suggested an improvement to its ending.) The concert also included the first performance of Berlioz's orchestration of Meyer's Marche marocaine . Although

4026-425: The wedding feast for Ruslan and Lyudmila is taking place. The guests listen to Bayan sing a song foretelling misfortune for the bride and groom, followed by happiness from true love. Lyudmila, saddened by the prospect of leaving her father, offers words of comfort to her unsuccessful suitors, Farlaf and Ratmir, and then pledges herself to Ruslan. Svetozar blesses the couple. All of a sudden everything goes dark and there

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4092-455: The west, location of the Arc de Triomphe . The Champs-Élysées forms part of the Axe historique . The lower part of the Champs-Élysées, from the Place de la Concorde to the Rond-Point, runs through the Jardin des Champs-Élysées , a park which contains the Grand Palais , the Petit Palais , the Théâtre Marigny , and several restaurants, gardens, and monuments. The Élysée Palace on the Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré — official residence of

4158-460: Was Naina, who now was mad with passion for him. He ran away from her and has been hiding from her ever since. For abandoning her, Naina is consumed by vengeful hatred, which will likewise fall upon Ruslan. Assuring him that Lyudmila will not be harmed, Finn instructs Ruslan to head north, and the two of them exit in opposite directions. Tableau 2 In a deserted place, the cowardly Farlaf wonders whether he should continue searching for Lyudmila, when

4224-405: Was completed by King Louis Philippe . The Champs-Élysées itself became city property in 1828, and footpaths, fountains, and, later, gas lighting were added. In 1834, under King Louis Philippe I , the architect Mariano Ruiz de Chavez was commissioned to redesign the Place de la Concorde and the gardens of the Champs-Élysées. He kept the formal gardens and flowerbeds essentially intact, but turned

4290-409: Was demolished and replaced with broad tree-lined boulevards, covered walkways and arcades. In 1855, Emperor Napoleon III selected the park at the beginning of the avenue as the site of the first great international exposition to be held in Paris, the Exposition Universelle . The park was the location of the Palace of Industry, a giant exhibit hall which covered thirty thousand square meters, where

4356-434: Was written in Russian by Valerian Shirkov, with minor contributions by Mykola Markevych , Nestor Kukolnik , and the composer based on the 1820 narrative poem of the same name by Alexander Pushkin . Pushkin had planned to write the libretto himself but died in a duel before he could do so. Today, the best-known music from the opera is its overture . The premiere took place in Saint Petersburg on 27 November 1842 at

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