21-516: Cinema Canada (1972–1989) is a defunct Canadian film magazine, which served as the trade journal of record for the Canadian film and television sector. The magazine had its origins in the Canadian Society of Cinematographers (CSC), which began publishing a bi-monthly newsletter under the name Canadian Cinematography in 1962. In 1967, the publication's name was changed to Cinema Canada . In 1972,
42-454: A decline in their newspapers of record by reputation can represent a decline in levels of personal and political freedom (e.g. Zimbabwe, Venezuela, and Cambodia). Examples include: Government gazette A government gazette (also known as an official gazette , official journal , official newspaper , official monitor or official bulletin ) is a periodical publication that has been authorised to publish public or legal notices. It
63-670: A gazette whose primary role is to publish notices, as their entire content represents the official view and doctrine of the state. This kind of official newspaper is distinct from newspapers of record by reputation, and is liable to fail the reputation criterion due to its governmental control. The word "official" can be used to distinguish them from "newspapers of record by reputation". Examples include Russia's Rossiyskaya Gazeta , North Korea's Rodong Sinmun , and China's People's Daily . The second type of "newspaper of record" (also "journal of record", or in French presse de référence )
84-419: A newspaper of record in the original, literal sense. Over time, historians relied on The New York Times and similar titles as a reliable archival and historical record of significant past events, and a gauge of societal opinions at the time of printing. The term "newspaper of record" evolved from its original literal sense to that newer meaning. The derived term "financial (or business) newspaper of record"
105-584: A private newspaper may be designated by the courts for publication of legal notices, such as notices of fictitious business names , if judicial and statutory standards are met. These are sometimes called "legally adjudicated newspapers". The term "newspapers of public record" can also denote those owned and operated by a government that directs their entire editorial content. Such newspapers, while pejoratively termed " state mouthpieces ", can also be called "official newspapers of record", independently of whether they publish legal notices - distinguishing them from
126-765: A similar tone, coverage, style, and traditions; many are over a century old and some over two centuries old (e.g., Neue Zürcher Zeitung , The Times , The Guardian , Le Figaro , and The Sydney Morning Herald ). Newspapers of record by reputation can be respected for the accuracy and quality of their reporting and still be either ideologically conservative (e.g., The Wall Street Journal and The Telegraph ) or ideologically liberal (e.g., The Washington Post and The Guardian ). Although many countries are proud of their newspapers of record by reputation, in some countries they face an openly hostile state or political system that tries to suppress their press freedoms. Examples are Turkey's Cumhuriyet , where many of
147-667: A special collection in TIFF's Film Reference Library in Toronto. This Canadian magazine or journal-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . See tips for writing articles about magazines . Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page . Journal of record A newspaper of record is a major national newspaper with large circulation whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered authoritative and independent; they are thus "newspapers of record by reputation" and include some of
168-633: Is attributed to The Wall Street Journal , the Financial Times , and to the Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei) . While newspapers of record by reputation are typically major widely-read national (and international) publications, subject-specific newspapers of record also exist (see examples of subject-specific newspapers of record ). Over time, some established newspapers of record by reputation have lost their status due to financial collapse, take-over or merger by another entity that did not have
189-577: Is not defined by formal criteria, and its characteristics vary. The category comprises newspapers that are considered to meet high standards of journalism , including editorial independence (particularly from the government and from its owners), accountability (mistakes are acknowledged), attention to detail and accuracy, and comprehensiveness and balance of coverage; they are regarded internationally (as well as in their own country/region) by major global outlets. Despite changes in society, newspapers of record by reputation have historically tended to maintain
210-449: Is usually established by statute or official action, and publication of notices within it, whether by the government or a private party, is usually considered sufficient to comply with legal requirements for public notice. Gazettes are published either in print, electronically or both. In some jurisdictions, privately owned newspapers may also register with the public authorities in order to publish public and legal notices. Likewise,
231-460: The CSC approached George Csaba Koller and Phillip McPhedran of Toronto to produce a glossier format. However, this association lasted only four issues, after which McPhedran resigned for personal reasons. Koller continued to edit and publish the magazine, which became independent of the CSC in the fall of 1973. It was scrappy, provocative and ashamedly nationalistic. In March 1975, a non-profit organization,
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#1732877199704252-599: The Cinema Canada Foundation, was formed, and in September of that year it was transferred to Jean-Pierre Tadros and Connie Tadros, who moved the editorial office to Montreal while maintaining a Toronto office. Jean-Pierre had been the film critic for Le Devoir and editor of Cinema Quebec and had been a contributor to Cinema Canada . At first it was published 10 times a years, then it went monthly until its last issue in 1989. In all, there were 169 issues published over
273-682: The fall of 1988. Toronto's staff included, at one time or another, Tom Perlmutter (future National Film Board of Canada Commissioner), John Harkness (influential film critic for Now weekly), Cameron Bailey (future Toronto International Film Festival co-director) and Wyndham Wise , who would go on to publish and edit Take One: Film and Television in Canada (1992–2006), while the Montreal staff included René Balcer who went on to become an Emmy Award winning showrunner and TV series creator. The impending GST and removal of postal subsidies in 1991 were
294-534: The first U.S. newspaper in 1913 to publish an index of the subjects it covered. In recognition of that usage, The New York Times held an essay contest in 1927 in which entrants had to demonstrate "The Value of The New York Times Index and Files as a Newspaper of Record". The New York Times , and other newspapers of its type sought to chronicle events, acting as a record of the day's announcements, schedules, directories, proceedings, transcripts, and appointments. By 2004, The New York Times no longer considered itself
315-577: The government or a private party, is considered sufficient to comply with legal requirements for public notice . Such gazettes may have minimal or no editorial content (opinion articles), and are focused on public notification of state services and state decisions; an example is Latvia 's Latvijas Vēstnesis . In some jurisdictions, privately owned newspapers may register with the government to publish public and legal notices, or be otherwise eligible to publish such notices (terms used may include "newspaper of general circulation" among others). Likewise,
336-484: The lack of editorial independence means that it is not a "newspaper of record by reputation". Newspapers of record by reputation that focus on business can also be called newspapers of financial record . A "newspaper of public record", or government gazette , refers to a publicly available newspaper that is authorized by a government to publish public or legal notices. It is often established by statute or official action and publication of notices within it, whether by
357-429: The official reasons given when the magazine folded. The underlying truth, however, was that Cinema Canada had lost its reason for being. The production climate in Canada had changed considerably from the days in the early 1970s, and the magazine eventually lost its constituency. Cinema Canada provides a unique and rich historical resource for scholars of Canadian cinema and the original documents and papers are held as
378-453: The oldest and most widely respected newspapers in the world. The number and trend of "newspapers of record by reputation" is related to the state of press freedom and political freedom in a country. It may also be a newspaper authorized to publish public or legal notices , thus serving as a newspaper of public record . A newspaper whose editorial content is directed by the state can be referred to as an official newspaper of record , but
399-433: The same standards or allowed increased government control and suppression of the paper's editorial independence. The existence of newspapers of record by reputation is an aspect of the level of press freedom and political freedom in a country, with major first-world democracies having several such newspapers (e.g. United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Italy and Japan); in contrast, countries that have seen
420-494: The span of 18 years. A home for Canadian nationalists and cinema activists in the 1970s, Cinema Canada became the voice for The Council of Canadian Filmmakers, a lobby group of filmmakers and industry professionals campaigning for a quota for Canadian movies in the American-owned theatres. The Toronto office became a hub for the emerging Toronto New Wave in the 1980s, and Bruce McDonald edited Cinema Canada' s "Outlaw" issue in
441-414: The staff have been imprisoned; Panama's La Prensa , where staff have been shot and the owners forced into exile; and Venezuela's El Nacional , which was forced out of print when the state seized its assets (see examples of fallen newspapers of record ). The term is believed to have originated among librarians who began referring to The New York Times as the "newspaper of record" when it became
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