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75-600: Other names by which it is known in English are Cimarrón, Cimarrón Creole, Cimarrón Dog, Maroon Dog, Cerro Largo Dog, Uruguayan Gaucho Dog, Perro Cimarrón, possibly others. The breed is officially recognised in Uruguay and by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale with the name Cimarrón Uruguayo . The Cimarrón Uruguayo is large in size, compact and muscular. The coat is short and usually brindle but may be

150-443: A d/d dilution of black pigment, a grey colouration that is grey from birth, but has a wide range of breed-specific meanings. In Kerry Blue Terriers , Poodles , and Bearded Collies , "blue" refers to colouration that is black at birth and progressively greys out as the dog matures. In Australian Shepherds , Rough Collies , and Shetland Sheepdogs , blue means a blue (black-based) merle . In Australian Silky Terriers , blue means

225-514: A double coat . Dogs with a single coat have a coat composed solely of guard hairs, with little or no downy undercoat. The terms fur and hair are often used interchangeably when describing a dog's coat, however in general, a double coat, like that of the Newfoundland and most livestock guardian dogs , is referred to as a fur coat , while a single coat, like that of the Poodle , is referred to as

300-455: A hair coat . Domestic dogs exhibit diverse coat colours and patterns . In many mammals, different colour patterns are the result of the regulation of the Agouti gene , which can cause hair follicles to switch from making black or brown pigments to yellow or nearly white pigments. The most common coat pattern found in modern wolves is agouti , in which the upperside of the body has banded hairs and

375-409: A dog called red is usually a clear sable (with little to no eumelanin tipping on hairs) or a ruddy recessive yellow. In some breeds, "red" refers to what would usually be called brown, chocolate, or liver. A "red merle" is always a liver-based merle. In Australian Cattle Dogs , "red" stands for a densely ticked liver-based colouration with an overall red-grey appearance. Gold refers specifically to

450-532: A dog's fur has many uses, including thermoregulation and protection from cuts or scratches; furthermore, a dog's coat plays an important role in the showing of purebred dogs . Breed standards often include a detailed description of the nature and attributes of that breed's ideal coat. A dog's coat is composed of two layers: a top coat of stiff guard hairs that help repel water and shield from dirt, and an undercoat of soft down hairs , to serve as insulation. Dogs with both under coat and top coat are said to have

525-432: A dog's coat looks the way it does based on its genes requires an understanding of a handful of genes and their alleles which affect the dog's coat. For example, to find how a black and white greyhound that seems to have wavy hair got its coat, the dominant black gene with its K and k alleles, the (white) spotting gene with its multiple alleles, and the R and r alleles of the curl gene, would be looked at. Each hair follicle

600-528: A gene, that controls the distribution of pigment in a dog's hair follicle. As such, there are no genetic markers for red pigment. This mutation not only effects Pheomelanin, but Eumelanin as well. This mutation does not effect all breeds the same. Several loci can be grouped as controlling when and where on a dog eumelanin (blacks-browns) or phaeomelanin (reds-yellows) are produced: the Agouti (A), Extension (E) and Black (K) loci. Intercellular signaling pathways tell

675-529: A long, straight, and non-wired coat in the Pomeranian . Additionally, breeds show variation in patterns of growth - that is to say, parts of the dog's body where the coat may be longer or shorter. The same gene that controls wiriness of hair also causes furnishings to be present (e.g. beard, moustache, eyebrows) - compare the bearded collie , furnishings present, to the border collie , which lacks furnishings. Some breeds show feathering: fringes of longer hair on

750-408: A melanocyte which type of melanin to produce. Time-dependent pigment switching can lead to the production of a single hair with bands of eumelanin and phaeomelanin. Spatial-dependent signaling results in parts of the body with different levels of each pigment. MC1R (the E locus ) is a receptor on the surface of melanocytes. When active, it causes the melanocyte to synthesize eumelanin; when inactive,

825-604: A national symbol in Uruguay and the breed is the mascot of the National Army of Uruguay. The Kennel Club Uruguayo (Uruguayan national kennel club) recognised the Cimarrón Uruguayo after some twenty years of work by fanciers and breeders in documenting the breed. In addition, genetic studies are being done on the breed by the Universidad de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay college of Veterinary Medicine. The Cimarrón Uruguayo

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900-413: A pale yellow ("bayo"), with a black face . Height of males at the withers is from 58 to 61 cm (23 to 24 in) and weight is from 38 to 45 kg (84 to 99 lb). Adult females are slightly smaller. The breed standard states that the dog should have great courage. As with all large dogs, the Cimarrón Uruguayo must be well socialized when very young if it is to be safely kept as a companion. It

975-445: A paler colored coat. There are two common alleles: D (normal, wild-type MLPH), and d (defective MLPH) that occur in many breeds. But recently the research group of Tosso Leeb has identified additional alleles in other breeds. D is completely dominant to d . This dilution gene can occur in almost any breed, where blue gene is the most common. Also, there are some breeds that come in dilute but with no specific color, such as

1050-612: A red-brown protein related to the production of melanin , in its coat and skin. Five alleles have been theorised to occur at the C locus: However, based on a 2014 publication about albinism in the Doberman Pinscher and later in other small breeds, the discovery was made that multiple alleles in the C locus are highly unlikely, and that all dogs are homozygous for Normal Color production, excluding dogs who carry albinism. There are additional theoretical loci thought to be associated with coat color in dogs. DNA studies are yet to confirm

1125-427: A rich reddish-yellow and its variants, whereas yellow can refer to any shade of yellow and tan. Terms used include yellow-gold, lion-colored, fawn, apricot, wheaten, tawny, straw, yellow-red, mustard, sandy, honey, blond, and lemon. Dogs called golden or yellow tend to be recessive yellow, but can also be sable. Cream refers to a pale yellowish or tannish colour which can be almost white. Fawn typically refers to

1200-468: A saddle-type black and tan pattern, where the black parts of the coat progressively fade to a steel grey as the dog matures and in Australian Cattle Dogs , blue stands for a densely ticked black-based colouration with an overall blue-grey appearance. Grey simply means a grey colouration of any shade. It can be used as an alternative synonym of blue, but tends to mean some other type of grey than

1275-484: A silver is a quicker to clear, much lighter grey that can range from a pale platinum to a steel grey. Both are black at birth with minimal markings to indicate future change. Similarly, café au lait is a slower and darker and silver beige a quicker and lighter progressively greying brown, i.e. liver. White : Such a light cream that it is seen and described as pure white, making them distinct from albino dogs. A white dog, as opposed to an albino one, has dark pigment around

1350-400: A yellow, tan, light brown, or cream dog that has a dark melanistic mask. With Weimaraners , fawn refers to their typical brownish grey colouration that with other breeds is usually called lilac. Black is a pure black that can get grizzled as the dog ages, or have a tendency to gain a brownish cast when exposed to the elements. Blue is a cool-toned, metallic grey. It typically means

1425-452: Is Ma and Ma+. This kinds of allele would lead to visibly merle-patterned dog if there are two copies of Ma. It is important to be supplement because if the dog with atypical merle bred to dog with any longer merle allele, the double merle health problems might occur. The alleles at the S locus (the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor gene or MITF ) determine the degree and distribution of white spotting on an animal's coat. There

1500-502: Is Piebald and Extreme Piebald. The only difference between the two recognized forms of Piebald is the length of the Lp. Because of this variability, a dog's Phenotype will not always match their Genotype. The Beagle for example is fixed for spsp Piebald, yet there are Beagles with very little white on them, or Beagles that are mostly white. What makes them Piebald is the SINE Insertion, but

1575-464: Is a pro-inflammatory compound. It is critical to note once again that canines are unable to interconvert between omega fatty acids and over supplying linoleic acid promotes excessive inflammation in the body, which can potentially reverse the coat benefits seen by supplying omega fatty acids in the diet. In contrast, linoleic acid is also required for epidermal lipid function and water retention, which benefits coat shine. Having linoleic acid present in

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1650-568: Is a very friendly dog with children and other animals. The Cimarrón Uruguayo is sometimes used for guarding, hunting, and all dog sports in its native Uruguay. Being a very smart dog it has been used for all kinds of jobs, such as rescue or herding. It is a rather calm and stable dog and doesn't usually bark unless a threat is real. The Cimarrón Uruguayo mainly descends from the Alano Español and other European dogs brought by early colonizers and released or abandoned. The dogs adapted to living in

1725-536: Is an anti-inflammatory compound. Linolenic acid is found in the oil from flaxseeds, soybean and canola. Some better known examples of linolenic acid are the metabolic derivatives eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA). EPA inhibits the enzyme delta-5-desaturase, which prevents the synthesis of arachidonic acid which is an inflammatory omega 6. DHA acts even earlier in omega 6 metabolism, by inhibiting delta-6-desaturase . The anti-inflammatory properties of omega 3s stem from their ability to inhibit

1800-535: Is an outward indicator of internal well-being. For this reason, coat health is an important aspect of pet care to many dog owners. Dog coats can be impacted by nutritional components from the diet. Below is a table that summarizes the effects of several nutrients (minerals, vitamins) on the domestic canine coat, based on current evidence: Zinc contributes to hair growth and can prevent hair from becoming dry and brittle. In addition to, zinc when supplemented in combination with linoleic acids has been found to improve

1875-416: Is crucial to achieve optimal benefits. Proper omega 6:3 ratios have been shown to diminish allergy triggered immune responses, thus improving overall coat condition. The National Research Council (NRC) recommends a 2.6:1 to 26:1 omega 6:3 ratio for adult dog maintenance diets. The proper ratio of these fatty acids is crucial because each has an opposing role in inflammation within the body and both compete for

1950-531: Is disagreement as to the number of alleles that occur at the S locus, with researchers sometimes postulating a conservative two or, commonly, four alleles. The alleles postulated are: In 2014, a study found that a combination of simple repeat polymorphism in the MITF-M Promoter and a SINE insertion is a key regulator of white spotting and that white color had been selected for by humans to differentiate dogs from their wild counterparts. Based on this research

2025-448: Is embryonic lethal and that therefore all harlequins are H/h . The alleles at the M locus (the silver locus protein homolog gene or SILV , aka premelanosome protein gene or PMEL) determine whether an animal expresses a merle pattern to its coat. There are two alleles that occur at the M locus: M and m show a relationship of both co-dominance and no dominance. There are other new discovery on M locus and it would be useful to add

2100-435: Is one of the few breeds that lack agouti patterning, and only have sable and tan points. However, many border collies still test to have agouti genes. The alleles at the E locus (the melanocortin receptor one gene or MC1R ) determine whether an animal expresses a melanistic mask , as well as determining whether an animal can produce eumelanin in its coat. There are three known, plus two more theorized, alleles that occur at

2175-521: Is surrounded by many melanocytes (pigment cells), which make and transfer the pigment melanin into a developing hair. Dog fur is colored by two types of melanin: eumelanin (brownish-black) and phaeomelanin (reddish-yellow). A melanocyte can be signaled to produce either color of melanin. Dog coat colors are from patterns of: By 2020, more than eight genes in the canine genome have been verified to determine coat color. Each of these has at least two known alleles . Together these genes account for

2250-467: The I locus: It's been observed that I and i interact with semi-dominance, so that there are three distinct phenotypes. I/i heterozygotes are paler than I/I animals but normally darker than i/i animals. It does not effect eumelanin (black/brown/blue/lilac) pigment, i.e. leaving a cream Afghan with a very black mask. This is not to be confused with the cream or white in Nordic Breeds such as

2325-627: The Siberian Husky , or cream roan in the Australian Cattle Dog , whose cream and white coats are controlled by genes in the Extension E Locus. Pigment Intensity for dogs who are darker than Tan (shades of gold to red) has been attributed to a mutation upstream of KITLG, in the same genes responsible for coat color in mice and hair color in humans. The mutation is the result of a Copy Number Variant, or duplication of certain instructions within

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2400-675: The Weimaraner or the Slovakian Pointer. Some breeds that are commonly known to have dilution genes are " Italian greyhounds , whippets , Tibetan mastiffs , greyhounds , Staffordshire bull terriers , and Neapolitan mastiffs ". The alleles responsible for pheomelanin dilution (changing of a dog's coat from tan to cream or white) was found to be the result of a mutation in MFSD12 in 2019. and occurs in breeds that do not exhibit dark gold or red phenotypes. Two alleles are theorised to occur at

2475-449: The d/d dilution of black. Synonyms include silver, pepper, grizzle, slate, blue-black grey, black and silver, steel. Greys of a dusty or brownish cast are often lilac, a d/d dilution of liver, and this colouration does not have much of a commonly recognised name. Across various breeds, it is called lavender, silver-fawn, isabella, fawn, café au lait or silver beige. In Poodles, a blue is a very slowly fading, very dark steel grey, whereas

2550-565: The vizslas , to the wiry coat of a Scottish Terrier and the corded coat of the Puli and the Komondor . Generally, coats vary along three categories: length (long vs. short), texture (curly vs. straight), and coarseness (wire-haired vs. non-wire). These three categories all interact with one another; thus, one can see a short, curly, and wired coat in the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon , and

2625-560: The Agouti (A), Extension (E) and Black (K) loci determine the presence or absence of brindle and its location: e and E are only included in the table where their interactions are known. E has yet to be fully understood. The Merle (M), Harlequin (H), and Spotting (S) loci contribute to patching, spotting, and white markings. Alleles present at the Merle (M) and Harlequin (H) loci cause patchy reduction of melanin to half (merle), zero (harlequin) or both (double merle). Alleles present at

2700-416: The B locus: B is dominant to b . The melanophilin gene (MLPH) at the D locus causes a dilution mainly of eumelanin , while phaeomelanin is less affected. This dilution gene determines the intensity of pigmentation. MLPH codes for a protein involved in the distribution of melanin - it is part of the melanosome transport complex. Defective MLPH prevents normal pigment distribution, resulting in

2775-425: The E locus: The dominance hierarchy for the E locus alleles appears to be as follows: E > E > E > e > e . The alleles at the K locus (the β-Defensin 103 gene or DEFB103) determine the coloring pattern of an animal's coat. There are three known alleles that occur at the K locus: The dominance hierarchy for the K locus alleles appears to be as follows: K > k > k . Alleles at

2850-475: The Lp length is what changes how their patterns are expressed. It is thought that the spotting that occurs in Dalmatians is the result of the interaction of three loci (the S locus, the T locus and F locus) giving them a unique spotting pattern not found in any other breed. People have postulated several alleles at the C locus and suggested some/all determine the degree to which an animal expresses phaeomelanin,

2925-544: The Spotting (S), Ticking (T) and Flecking (F) loci determine white markings. DNA studies have isolated a missense mutation in the 20S proteasome β2 subunit at the H locus. The H locus is a modifier locus (of the M locus) and the alleles at the H locus will determine if an animal expresses a harlequin vs merle pattern. There are two alleles that occur at the H locus: H/h heterozygotes are harlequin and h/h homozygotes are non-harlequin. Breeding data suggests that homozygous H/H

3000-438: The allergenicity more than breed or gender." The nature and quality of a purebred dog 's coat is important to the dog fancy in the judging of the dog at conformation shows . The exact requirements are detailed in each breed's breed standard and do not generalise in any way, and the terminology may be very different even when referring to similar features. See individual breed articles for specific information. A dog's coat

3075-568: The body begins to produce the usual hair growth and color it would before the deficiency took place. Polyunsaturated fatty acids found in the diet play a critical role in the maintenance of a healthy coat in dogs, and have even been shown to improve coat condition when supplemented in the diet. Furthermore, diets lacking essential fatty acids in their diet will manifest as unkept, matted coat. Omega fatty acids 3 and 6 are highly unsaturated fatty acids, making them especially metabolically active. The proper combination of these omega fatty acids

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3150-517: The body is present in breeds such as the Chinese Crested or the Xoloitzcuintli . Shedding of hair can occur continuously, but in many breeds is strongly influenced by hormones. Seasonal shedders shed most in spring and fall, following an increase or decrease in day length, and least in summer and winter, in response to constant day length. Cold temperatures stimulate hair growth, so that

3225-636: The canine diet is an important aspect of coat health. The fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) require lipids present in the diet for absorption, transport and deposition in canine adipose tissue. The specific role of vitamins A and E for coat health are explored elsewhere in this article, as they pertain to immune function. Another pet food regulating body, the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), recommends that Vitamin E supplementation increase as polyunsaturated fatty acids are added to diet in order to counteract lipid oxidation and maintain

3300-412: The coat of canines by reducing water loss in the trans-epidermal layer of the skin. Dogs can obtain zinc in their diet, through the addition of various ingredients, including; red meats, whole grains, poultry by-product meals, and fish meals. Copper is a trace mineral that is required in the diet of canines at 7.3 mg/kg. Copper is involved in multiple enzymatic pathways. In dogs, a lack of copper in

3375-707: The colour relationships between modern dogs and wolves, white wolves from North America, yellow dogs, and yellowish wolves from Tibet. The study concludes that during the Late Pleistocene, natural selection laid the genetic foundation for modern coat colour diversity in dogs and wolves. During evolution of the dog from their wolf ancestors, coat colors in dogs were probably the inadvertent outcome of some other selective process, and were not likely initially selected for intentionally by humans. Research has found that tameness brings associated physical changes, including coat colouring and patterning. Domestic dogs often display

3450-486: The degree of White Spotting is dependent on the Promoter Length (Lp) to produce less or more color. A shorter Lp creates less white (Solid Colored and Residual White dogs) while a longer Lp creates more white (Irish Spotting and Piebald). What separates Piebald from Irish White and Solid is the presence of a SINE insertion (Short Interspersed Element) in the S locus genes that changes the normal DNA production. The result

3525-461: The diet has demonstrated a positive effect on skin, and thus by extension, coat. Dog coat genetics Dogs have a wide range of coat colors, patterns, textures and lengths. Dog coat color is governed by how genes are passed from dogs to their puppies and how those genes are expressed in each dog. Dogs have about 19,000 genes in their genome but only a handful affect the physical variations in their coats. Most genes come in pairs, one being from

3600-433: The diet, leading to a copper deficiency, results in incomplete keratinization. This leads to a dry coat, hypo-pigmentation, and discoloration of the coat. Selenium is another one of the many trace minerals essential for a dog's diet. Selenium is typically required in lower levels in comparison to other minerals. It is involved in the prevention of oxidative damage as well as the production of anti-oxidants. Selenium aids in

3675-445: The distribution of pigment in individual hairs, what type of agouti. There are four known alleles that occur at the A locus: Most texts suggest that the dominance hierarchy for the A locus alleles appears to be as follows: A > a > a > a ; however, research suggests the existence of pairwise dominance/recessiveness relationships in different families and not the existence of a single hierarchy in one family. Border Collies

3750-459: The dog's mother and one being from its father. Genes of interest have more than one expression (or version) of an allele . Usually only one, or a small number of alleles exist for each gene. In any one gene locus a dog will either be homozygous where the gene is made of two identical alleles (one from its mother and one its father) or heterozygous where the gene is made of two different alleles (one inherited from each parent). To understand why

3825-416: The ears are cropped short when the dogs are very young. This is alleged to be in homage to the days when they were hunted (the ears were presented for the bounty). Most fighting dog breeds have their ears cropped. Coat (dog) The coat of the domestic dog refers to the hair that covers its body. Dogs demonstrate a wide range of coat colors, patterns, textures, and lengths. As with other mammals,

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3900-506: The ears, belly, tail, and back of the legs (e.g., Saluki and any of the setters ). Dogs also vary in the thickness of the undercoat. Some dogs have only a single (rather than a double) coat, or a very reduced undercoat (e.g. the Vizsla ), which results in a thinner coat. Certain breeds, especially spitz-type breeds , tend to have a thicker undercoat, which helps retain heat in cold and wet weather. Furthermore, complete hairlessness on parts of

3975-449: The eumelanin pigment produced, making it either black or brown. TYRP1 is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of eumelanin. Each of the known mutations appears to eliminate or significantly reduce TYRP1 enzymatic activity. This modifies the shape of the final eumelanin molecule, changing the pigment from a black to a brown color. Color is affected in coat and skin (including the nose and paw pads). There are four known alleles that occur at

4050-434: The eye rims and nose, often coupled with dark-colored eyes. There is often some coat identifiable as cream between the dog's shoulder blades. Extreme piebald dogs can also appear all white, but are caused by a separate factor. The same pattern may be referred to differently in different breeds. Basset Hound Dogs demonstrate an enormous diversity in coat length and texture, from the very short and smooth coat seen in

4125-556: The fur. Although breeds such as poodles , Bedlington terriers , bichons , yorkies , and wire-haired terriers are commonly represented as being hypoallergenic due to reduced shedding, the reaction that an individual person has to an individual dog may vary greatly. In a report, describing dog allergen extracts of dog hair, belonging to patients' dogs or from dogs of the same breed, with low molecular mass that are absent in extracts of commercial allergen test kits, it has been found that "[f]actors related to individual dogs seem to influence

4200-407: The hair development, most stages of growth are completed, but it was found that in the last stage, where biotin levels were insufficient, there was an incorrect keratinization of the root of the hair, causing the hair to fall out of the body. The supplementation of biotin cannot reverse affects caused by deficiency, but as soon as supplementation is given and biotin levels are restored to adequacy,

4275-399: The hair follicle growth cycle: "[D]ogs are a relevant source of allergens, but diagnosing dog-related allergies may present difficulties .." Some dog breeds have been promoted as hypoallergenic (which means less allergic , not free of allergens) because they shed very little. However, no canine is known to be completely nonallergenic. Often the problem is with the dog's saliva or dander, not

4350-750: The heaviest shedding is in spring on dogs living in cold climates. Artificial lighting can alter the seasonal shedding pattern of dogs who live indoors. Other hormonal influences include dietary factors, reproductive hormones in intact dogs, and various medical conditions and disorders. Shedding that is done in a short period of time is known as "blowing the coat" or "blowing coat". Among the other coat types, dogs with fine silky coats (e.g., spaniels) are generally moderate shedders, those with an intermediate coat texture (e.g., mountain dogs) are generally heavy shedders, and those with thick stand-offish coats (e.g., spitzes) are generally very heavy shedders. "Non-shedding" dogs have greatly-reduced shedding due to alterations to

4425-438: The importance of biotin in coat pigmentation. There different stages of hair development, as shown in clinical studies using mice. Each stage of hair development has a different sensitivity to biotin present in the body. For example, the shaft development is not greatly affected by biotin access. During the last stage, the amount of biotin available for use by the body will alter the success of that development greatly. Throughout

4500-499: The inflammatory action of omega 6 fatty acids. A functional minimum has not been set forth by AAFCO, as one has yet to be determined. A reduction in inflammation of somatic tissues, skin especially, supports coat health. Omega 6 fatty acid, also known as linoleic acid , is found in poultry fat and the oil from safflower, sunflower, corn and flaxseed. Arachidonic acid is a well known metabolic derivative of linoleic acid, found only in animal sources. As mentioned above, arachidonic acid

4575-429: The melanocyte produces phaeomelanin instead. ASIP (the A locus ) binds to and inactivates MC1R, thereby causing phaeomelanin synthesis. DEFB103 (the K locus ) in turn prevents ASIP from inhibiting MC1R, thereby increasing eumelanin synthesis. The alleles at the A locus are related to the production of agouti signalling protein (ASIP) and determine whether an animal expresses an agouti appearance , and, by controlling

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4650-498: The most common terms used to refer to the bb-dilution of black pigment to a dark brown . Depending on breed and exact shade, terms such as mahogany, midtone brown, grey-brown, blackish brown are used. Sedge and deadgrass are used to describe the desired Chesapeake Bay Retriever color that resembles "that of its working surroundings" as closely as possible. Red refers to reddish shades of orange, brown, and tan. Terms used include orange, red-gold, cinnamon, tan, and ruby. Genetically

4725-674: The outermost layer of the skin for the cortisol cells of the hair follicle. A deficiency in vitamin A can cause the common symptoms of dermatitis (dry, scaling skin and dull coat). Vitamin B7, also known as biotin , is a water-soluble nutrient that is known to play a role associated with the maintenance and development of hair starting from the follicle . Although it has not been clinically shown to improve hair growth with supplementation alone, it has been shown to reverse deficiency in dogs born deficient. Symptoms of biotin deficiency include alopecia and achromotrichia . A clinical study of biotin showed

4800-493: The potency. In addition, high fat diets in dogs were shown to dramatically improve coat sheen and appearance. It is thought excess cholesterol esters are incorporated into the hair follicle, leading to the improved coat appearance. The same study, by Kirby, Hester and Bauer (2007), stated the optimal approach to an improved coat in dogs is a combination of increased dietary fat and the proper amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Omega 3 fatty acid, also known as linolenic acid ,

4875-446: The predator or prey. An alternative explanation is that the dorsal and ventral sides of an animal experience different selection pressures (from the need to blend into different backgrounds when viewed from above and below) resulting in differing coloration. The same colour may be referred to differently in different breeds. Likewise, a same term may mean different colourations in different breeds. Brown , chocolate and liver are

4950-509: The promotion of coat growth. Lack of selenium in the diet of a dog can contribute to the occurrence of sparse coat growth. Dogs can obtain selenium in their diet through the addition of various ingredients including; tuna fish, halibut, sardines, beef, chicken, and egg. Vitamin A deficiency can lead to rough coat, scaling of skin, and other dermatitis issues like alopecia . It is also essential for cells to properly proliferate keratinocytes, which are epithelial cells that produce keratin on

5025-412: The remnants of countershading , a common natural camouflage pattern. The basic principle of countershading is when the animal is lit from above, shadows will be cast on the ventral side of the body. These shadows could provide a predator or prey with visual cues relating to the movement of the animal. By being lighter colored on the ventral side of the body, an animal can counteract this, and thereby fool

5100-479: The same enzymatic pathway. Dogs, like many mammals, lack the desaturase enzymes capable of interconverting omega 3 and 6 fatty acids. Therefore, the amount of inflammation in the body is dependent on the ratio between omega 3 and 6 fatty acids. Too little inflammation suppresses the immune system and the body's ability to heal, however excessive inflammation can irritate the skin and reduce the coat's overall appearance. Aside from omega fatty acids, lipid content in

5175-514: The supplementary category on "M(merle) Locus" part. Since the original section only talk about just one allele M, but there are some variation on the one allele and derive a number of new alleles, which will lead to the other production of pigment. One of the variation of M allele is Mc and Mc+. Although just one copy of Mc is not long enough to make visible change on coats, the combination of Mc or more than two copies of Mc would lead to odd shade of black/liver. Another type of variation of M allele

5250-482: The underside exhibits lighter shading. The colour yellow is dominant to the colour black and is found in dogs across much of the world and the dingo in Australia. In 2021, a study of whole genome sequences taken from dogs and wolves focused on the genetic relationships between them based on coat colour. The study found that most dog colour haplotypes were similar to most wolf haplotypes, however dominant yellow in dogs

5325-457: The variation in coat color seen in dogs. Each gene has a unique, fixed location, known as a locus , within the dog genome. Some of the loci associated with canine coat color are: Several loci can be grouped as affecting the shade of color: the Brown (B), Dilution (D), and Intensity (I) loci. The gene at the B locus is known as tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP1). This gene affects the color of

5400-429: The wild in Uruguay and in time became numerous. In the eighteenth century, attacks on livestock and even humans resulted in the dogs being hunted, with bounties paid by the government for each dog killed. However, many remained, especially in the highlands of Cerro Largo . Ranchers in the area would capture and tame the dogs, using them as guard dogs. The Cimarrón's survival story and fierceness has made it something of

5475-462: Was closely related to white in arctic wolves from North America. This result suggests a common origin for dominant yellow in dogs and white in wolves but without recent gene flow, because this clade was found to be genetically basal to the golden jackal and genetically distinct from all other canids. The most recent common ancestor of the golden jackal and the wolf lineage dates back to 2 million years ago. The study proposes that 35,000 years ago there

5550-461: Was genetic introgression into the Late Pleistocene grey wolf from a ghost population of an extinct canid which had diverged from the grey wolf lineage over 2 million years ago. This colour diversity could be found 35,000 years ago in wolves and 9,500 years ago in dogs. A closely related haplotype exists among those wolves of Tibet which possess yellow shading in their coats. The study explains

5625-717: Was provisionally recognised by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale on February 21, 2006, and definitively on November 7, 2017, in Group 2, Section 2 Molossoid breeds-Mastiff type. The breed has been exported to the United States, and is recognised there by the United Kennel Club in the Guardian Dog Group . The Cimarrón Uruguayo should be tested for hip and elbow dysplasia before breeding. Often

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