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130-606: For nearly a decade, the Christopher Street Connection competed as the only " openly gay " tag team on the independent circuit during the early to mid-2000s and gained notoriety. Similar to the ring styles of World Championship Wrestling 's West Hollywood Blondes ( Lenny and Lodi ) and the World Wrestling Federation 's Billy and Chuck , their in-ring personas included suggestive behavior, flirting with their opponents and, on occasion, male members in

260-465: A débutante 's coming-out party . This is a celebration for a young upper-class woman who is making her début – her formal presentation to society – because she has reached adult age or has become eligible for marriage. As historian George Chauncey points out: Gay people in the pre-war years [pre-WWI] ... did not speak of coming out of what we call "the gay closet" but rather of coming out into what they called "homosexual society" or

390-433: A rite of passage ; liberation or emancipation from oppression ; an ordeal ; a means toward feeling LGBT pride instead of shame and social stigma ; or a career-threatening act. Author Steven Seidman writes that "it is the power of the closet to shape the core of an individual's life that has made homosexuality into a significant personal, social, and political drama in twentieth-century America". Coming out of

520-575: A ten-alarm fire swept from the Funtown Pier northward . The fire is believed to have started under the boardwalk, below the Kohr's Custard stand at the southern end of the pier. The wind pushed it northward, and fire crews were able to make a stand at Lincoln Avenue by tearing up the newly replaced boardwalk which had been destroyed less than a year before by Hurricane Sandy. Jack & Bill's Bar and Kohr's Custard were two businesses that were both destroyed in

650-466: A battle royal which included a number of former Extreme Championship Wrestling stars and other leading independent wrestlers including Bison Bravado, Danny Demanto, Jimmy Hustler, Eddie Guapo, Blade Michaels, Brolly, Mike Campbell, Ken Sweeney, New Dynamite Kid, Ron Sampson, Tony Lo, Heavy Metal , The Equalizer , Tony Devito , Johnny Candido , Balls Mahoney and Alere Little Feather among others. They also lost to The Masked Maniac and Shark Boy during

780-427: A brief return to Ring of Honor at Do or Die III where they lost to Colt Cabana in a handicap match on July 17. Defending their titles against Matt Striker and M-Tizzle on September 17, they later appeared on a USA Pro show two months later in a same-sex wedding . The wedding was interrupted however when Matt Striker, serving as Buff E's best man , objected during the ceremony with Buff E admitting an affair between

910-522: A choice. Further, elements that accompany a change in gender can have financial, physical, medical, and legal implications. Additionally, transgender individuals can experience prejudice and rejection from sexual minorities and others in the LGBT community, in addition to the larger LGBT bias they can face from mainstream culture, which can feel isolating. Asexual and aromantic people might experience different challenges when coming out that other individuals in

1040-540: A countywide basis are: Clerk Scott M. Colabella (R, 2025, Barnegat Light), Sheriff Michael G. Mastronardy (R, 2025; Toms River) and Surrogate Jeffrey Moran (R, 2028, Beachwood ). As of March 2011, there were a total of 1,374 registered voters in Seaside Heights, of which 186 (13.5%) were registered as Democrats , 420 (30.6%) were registered as Republicans and 768 (55.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated . There were no voters registered to other parties. Among

1170-520: A handicap match. Chris Cabana was also joined in the match but ended up being pinned by Laithon after a Northern Lights suplex . They lost two more handicap matches to Laithon at Halloween Hell and November Pain . At the 2-day Seasons Beatings supercard, they lost to Da Hit Squad but defeated the Rednecks From Hell (Big Jay and Matt Lariat) the second night. On February 22, 2002, the Christopher Street Connection made their Ring of Honor debut at

1300-558: A lack of understanding over their existence. Asexual and aromantic people may face risks of sexual assault , coercion, or other pressures to conform to sexual or romantic behavior from their sexual or romantic partners or external to their relationships. They can also experience being rejected by a partner or love interest for being asexual or aromantic, which may make some asexual and aromantic people tentative to come out. A 2023 study co-authored by Yasmin Benoit found that asexual people in

1430-561: A long, narrow barrier peninsula that separates the Barnegat Bay from the Atlantic Ocean . During the summer, the borough attracts a crowd largely under the age of 21, mainly highschoolers and young adults, drawn to a community with boardwalk entertainment and one of the few shore communities with sizable numbers of apartments, attracting as many as 65,000 people who are often out until early morning visiting bars and restaurants. Based on

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1560-425: A model. For example, some LGBT youth become aware of and accept their same-sex desires or gender identity at puberty in a way similar to which heterosexual teens become aware of their sexuality, i.e., free of any notion of difference, stigma or shame in terms of the gender of the people to whom they are attracted. Regardless of whether LGBT youth develop their identity based on a model, the typical age at which youth in

1690-531: A new boss, social worker, loan officer, landlord, doctor, erects new closets whose fraught and characteristic laws of optics and physics exact from at least gay people new surveys, new calculations, new draughts and requisitions of secrecy or disclosure. As Tony Adams demonstrates in Narrating the Closet , meeting new people makes for a new time to disclose one's sexuality. Observed annually on 11 October, by members of

1820-424: A newly revealed gender identity as a "phase" or making efforts to change their children back to "normal" by using mental health services to alter the child's gender identity . The internet can play a significant role in the coming out process for transgender people. Some come out in an online identity first, providing an opportunity to go through experiences virtually and safely before risking social sanctions in

1950-456: A popular destination. Seaside Heights calls itself, "Your Home For Family Fun Since 1913!" The beach season runs from March to October, with the peak months being July and August, when the summer population explodes to as many as 30,000 to 65,000. Route 37 in Toms River is routinely gridlocked on Friday afternoons in the summer months as vacationers travel to the barrier islands. The community

2080-587: A position with the borough as a code enforcement officer. The borough council appointed councilmember Tony Vaz to fill the term ending in December 2015. In August 2015, the borough council selected Michael Carbone to fill the vacant council seat expiring in December 2017 of Anthony Vaz. In the November 2011 general election, William Akers was elected to a four-year term as mayor and incumbent councilmembers Agnes Polhemus and Anthony E. Vaz were elected to three-year terms on

2210-516: A process for gay and lesbian identity development, e.g. Dank, 1971; Cass, 1984; Coleman, 1989; Troiden, 1989. Of these models, the most widely accepted is the Cass identity model established by Vivienne Cass. This model outlines six discrete stages transited by individuals who successfully come out: identity confusion, identity comparison, identity tolerance, identity acceptance, identity pride, and identity synthesis. However, not every LGBT person follows such

2340-460: A secret and separate from their outside appearance. This is not as simple as often thought, as Diana Fuss (1991) argues, "the problem of course with the inside/outside rhetoric ... is that such polemics disguise the fact that most of us are both inside and outside at the same time". Every coming out story is the person trying to come to terms with who they are and their sexual orientation. Several models have been created to describe coming out as

2470-476: A series of pamphlets – as well as giving a lecture to the Association of German Jurists in 1867 – advocating decriminalization of sex acts between men, in which he was candid about his own homosexuality. Historian Robert Beachy has said of him, "I think it is reasonable to describe [Ulrichs] as the first gay person to publicly out himself." In early 20th-century Germany, "coming out"

2600-440: A study in 2015 on positive and negative behavior performed during the coming out conversation. During his study, he learned that almost all of his participants would attribute negative behaviors only to themselves during the coming out conversations, and positive behaviors to the recipient of the conversation. Manning suggests further research into this to figure out a way for positive behaviors to be seen and performed equally by both

2730-590: A top rope spike piledriver. On February 8, 2004, the Christopher Street Connection appeared at an interpromotional card between Pro Wrestling WORLD-1 and Wrestling Spotlight to raise money for the Christopher James "We Can Beat It" Cancer Fund. Held at the Cultural Center in Fall River, Massachusetts , they and Jason The Legend wrestled The Solution and Guillotine LeGrande in a 6-man tag team match. On April 8,

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2860-414: A turnout of 28.0%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 64.4% of the vote (322 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 25.6% (128 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 5.8% (29 votes) and other candidates with 1.6% (8 votes), among the 500 ballots cast by the borough's 1,476 registered voters, yielding a 33.9% turnout. The Seaside Heights School District

2990-529: A turnout of 30.7%. In the 2008 presidential election , Republican John McCain received 53.5% of the vote (394 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 44.2% (326 votes) and other candidates with 1.6% (12 votes), among the 737 ballots cast by the borough's 1,605 registered voters, for a turnout of 45.9%. In the 2004 presidential election , Republican George W. Bush received 55.1% of the vote (440 ballots cast), outpolling Democrat John Kerry with 43.4% (347 votes) and other candidates with 0.4% (7 votes), among

3120-573: Is a borough situated on the Jersey Shore , within Ocean County , in the U.S. state of New Jersey . As of the 2020 United States census , the borough's population was 2,440, a decrease of 447 (−15.5%) from the 2010 census count of 2,887, which in turn had reflected a decline of 268 (−8.5%) from the 3,155 counted in the 2000 census . Seaside Heights is located on the Barnegat Peninsula ,

3250-406: Is a mixed metaphor that joins "coming out" with the closet metaphor: an evolution of " skeleton in the closet " specifically referring to living a life of denial and secrecy by concealing one's sexual orientation . The closet metaphor, in turn, is extended to the forces and pressures of heterosexist society and its institutions. When coming out is described as a gradual process or a journey, it

3380-399: Is a " weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with

3510-435: Is a crime, coming out may constitute self-incrimination . These laws still exist in 75 countries worldwide, including Egypt, Iran, and Afghanistan. People who decide to come out as non-binary or transgender often face more varied and different issues from a legal standpoint. Worldwide, legally changing your documented gender or name based on your identity is often prohibited or extremely difficult. A major negative effect of

3640-431: Is a public school district for students in pre-kindergarten through sixth grade at Hugh J. Boyd Jr. Elementary School. As of the 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 222 students and 24.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.1:1. The original school facility, Seaside Heights Elementary School, was built in 1926 and later demolished after

3770-429: Is also known as the location of the hit MTV show Jersey Shore , with the director of the borough's business improvement district saying in 2010 that "we can't even calculate the economic benefit" to Seaside Heights from the continued presence of the show. In 1915, Senate Amusement Company of Philadelphia planned to build an ocean-side attraction in Seaside Heights within feet of the border to Seaside Park. Their plan

3900-400: Is between 18 and 24 inches (46 and 61 cm) and the average snowiest month is February which corresponds with the annual peak in nor'easter activity. According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, Seaside Heights would have a dominant vegetation type of Northern Cordgrass ( 73 ) with a dominant vegetation form of Coastal Prairie ( 20 ). Seaside Heights

4030-410: Is comprised of nine members, who are directly elected by the residents of the constituent municipalities to three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with three seats up for election each year. Seaside Heights is allocated one of the board's nine seats. As of May 2010 , the borough had a total of 12.52 miles (20.15 km) of roadways, of which 5.20 miles (8.37 km) were maintained by

Christopher Street Connection - Misplaced Pages Continue

4160-447: Is comprised of the mayor and the borough council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The borough council includes six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. The borough form of government used by Seaside Heights

4290-488: Is meant to include becoming aware of and acknowledging one's gender identity, gender expression, or non-hetero-normative sexual orientation or attraction. This preliminary stage, which involves soul-searching or a personal epiphany , is often called "coming out to oneself" and constitutes the start of self-acceptance . Many LGBT people say that this stage began for them during adolescence or childhood , when they first became aware of their sexual orientation toward members of

4420-509: Is needed to assess whether these results generalize to a larger sample, these recent findings open the door to the possibility that gay men's online experiences may differ from those of heterosexuals in that these may be more likely to provide mental health benefits than consequences. Transgender people vary greatly in choosing when, whether, and how to disclose their transgender status to family, close friends, and others. The prevalence of discrimination and violence against transgender people (in

4550-412: Is often framed and debated as a privacy issue, because the consequences may be very different for different individuals, some of whom may have their job security or personal security threatened by such disclosure. The act may be viewed as a psychological process or journey; decision-making or risk-taking ; a strategy or plan; a mass or public event; a speech act and a matter of personal identity ;

4680-536: Is related to poorer mental health, physical health, and relationship functioning. For example, it has been found that same-sex couples who have not come out are not as satisfied in their relationships as same-sex couples who have. Findings from another study indicate that the fewer people who know about a lesbian's sexual orientation, the more anxiety, less positive affectivity, and lower self-esteem she has. Further, Gay.com states that closeted individuals are reported to be at increased risk for suicide . Depending on

4810-644: Is represented by Chris Smith ( R , Manchester Township ). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker ( Newark , term ends 2027) and George Helmy ( Mountain Lakes , term ends 2024). For the 2024-2025 session , the 10th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by James W. Holzapfel ( R , Toms River ) and in

4940-404: Is the deliberate or accidental disclosure of an LGBT person's sexual orientation or gender identity by someone else, without the first individual's consent. By extension, outing oneself is self-disclosure. Glass closet refers to the open secret of a public figure widely thought to be LGBT even though the person has not officially come out. Between 1864 and 1869, Karl Heinrich Ulrichs wrote

5070-520: The 2000 United States census , there were 3,155 persons, 1,408 households, and 691 families residing in the borough. The population density was 5,162.2 inhabitants per square mile (1,993.1/km ). There were 2,840 housing units at an average density of 4,646.8 per square mile (1,794.1/km ). The racial makeup of the borough was 89.95% White , 4.03% African American , 0.63% Native American , 0.86% Asian , 1.17% from other races , and 3.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.70% of

5200-582: The ECW Arena the following night. They lost to The Backseat Boyz at Seasons Beatings on December 8, 2000. On February 2, 2001, the Christopher Street Connection lost to Da Hit Squad in a match for the JAPW Tag Team Championship . The next night at The New Beginning , they lost to Skinhead Ivan and Judas Young at the ECW Arena. They also lost to The Moondogs 2000 (Moondog Wenzel and Jak Molsonn) at

5330-512: The General Assembly by Paul Kanitra (R, Point Pleasant Beach ) and Gregory P. McGuckin (R, Toms River). Ocean County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners composed of five members who are elected on an at-large basis in partisan elections and serving staggered three-year terms of office, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election. At an annual reorganization held in

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5460-705: The Greek Basketball League and Kinder Bologna of the Italian Basketball League ), came out in February 2007 on ESPN 's Outside the Lines program. He also wrote a memoir, Man in the Middle , published by ESPN Books , which explores his professional and personal life as a closeted basketball player. He was the first NBA player (former or current) to come out. In 2008, Australian diver Matthew Mitcham became

5590-596: The Köppen climate classification system, Seaside Heights has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) with hot, slightly humid summers, cool winters and year-around precipitation. Cfa climates are characterized by all months having an average mean temperature above 32.0 °F (0.0 °C), at least four months with an average mean temperature at or above 50.0 °F (10.0 °C), at least one month with an average mean temperature at or above 71.6 °F (22.0 °C) and no significant precipitation difference between seasons. During

5720-551: The LGBT communities and their allies , National Coming Out Day is an international civil awareness day for coming out and discussing LGBT issues among the general populace in an effort to give a familiar face to the LGBT rights movement . This day inspired the United States government to recognize October as LGBT History Month . The day was founded in 1988, by Robert Eichberg, his partner William Gamble, and Jean O'Leary to celebrate

5850-483: The New Age Outlaws during the year. Making appearances for UXW during the first half of 2006, the Christopher Street Connection lost to The Outcast Killahs (Oman Tortuga and Diablo Santiago) on February 3. Several months later at the second annual Chris Candido Memorial Show , they wrestled two matches in one night defeated Wacky Wayne and Ron Sampson in the first match before losing to Monsta Mack and Havok later in

5980-692: The Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights one year earlier, in which 500,000 people marched on Washington, DC , to promote gay and lesbian equality. In the United States, the Human Rights Campaign manages the event under the National Coming Out Project, offering resources to LGBT individuals, couples, parents, and children, as well as straight friends and relatives, to promote awareness of LGBT families living honest and open lives. Candace Gingrich became

6110-1005: The Stonewall Riots occurred in 1969. They were introduced with their manager Fun Athletic Guy and later joined by Chris Cabana as well as valets Allison Danger , Ariel and Jailbait . They also competed for the Long Island Wrestling Federation during their early careers. In early-2000, they began wrestling for Jersey All Pro Wrestling facing The Sickness (Twiggy Ramirez and Adorable Anthony) and NC-17 (Lil Joka and Angel Martinez) at house shows in Bayonne and Sayreville, New Jersey before losing to Da Hit Squad (Mafia and Monsta Mack) at Halloween Hell at Schuetzen Park Ballroom in North Bergen, New Jersey . On November 17, they defeated PapaDon and Terra X at Battle In Bayonne and NC-17 at South Philly Invasion: 3rd Anniversary Show at

6240-415: The "gay world", a world neither so small, nor so isolated, nor, often, so hidden as "closet" implies. In fact, as Elizabeth Kennedy observes, "using the term 'closet' to refer to" previous times such as "the 1920s and 1930s might be anachronistic ". An article on coming out in the online encyclopedia glbtq.com states that sexologist Evelyn Hooker 's observations introduced the use of "coming out" to

6370-409: The "light of illumination" reveals a true (or essential) identity. Nonetheless, Butler is willing to appear at events as a lesbian and maintains that "it is possible to argue that ... there remains a political imperative to use these necessary errors or category mistakes  ... to rally and represent an oppressed political constituency". Diana Fuss (1991) explains, "the problem of course with

6500-403: The 159% population growth shown between the 1920 and 1930 censuses in Seaside Heights. On June 9, 1955, a malfunctioning neon sign component caused a fire at a shop on the corner of Ocean Terrace and DuPont Avenue. The fire was driven by winds estimated at 50 miles per hour (80 km/h), blowing the fire south and engulfing the entire pier. The fire was stopped at Stockton Avenue due in part to

6630-510: The 1955 and 2013 fires. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the borough had a total area of 0.74 square miles (1.92 km ), including 0.62 square miles (1.60 km ) of land and 0.13 square miles (0.32 km ) of water (16.89%). Seaside Heights borders the Ocean County municipalities of Berkeley Township , Seaside Park and Toms River . The 2010 United States census counted 2,887 people, 1,376 households, and 586 families in

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6760-518: The 1960s, Frank Kameny came to the forefront of the struggle. Having been fired from his job as an astronomer for the Army Map service in 1957 for homosexual behavior, because it was considered to make people vulnerable to blackmail pressure and endanger secure positions, Kameny refused to go quietly. He openly fought his dismissal, eventually appealing it to the US Supreme Court . As a vocal leader of

6890-401: The 799 ballots cast by the borough's 1,694 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 47.2. In the 2013 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 79.1% of the vote (253 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 19.1% (61 votes), and other candidates with 1.9% (6 votes), among the 327 ballots cast by the borough's 1,169 registered voters (7 ballots were spoiled), for

7020-890: The Alee Shrine Temple in Savannah, Georgia . They also faced The Heartbreak Express in the first ever "Alternative Lifestyle San Francisco Street Fight" match at UXW's Xtreme Havoc at the Central Florida Fairgrounds Pavilion in Orlando, Florida . As a result of their victory, the CSC won the vacant UXW Tag Team Championship. Appearing in several independent promotions during the summer, including AWA World 1 South and Wrestling Superstars Unleashed, they faced Team Macktion ( Krazy K and T.J. Mack) and Dirty Rotten Scoundrels (E.C. Negro and Casey Blade). At Hell and Back on September 29,

7150-465: The Casino Pier had become an attraction in itself. It was taken apart by a wrecker from Weeks Marine on May 14, 2013, just a short time after Prince Harry 's visit to the site the same day with Governor Chris Christie. Repairs to the boardwalk were completed on June 21, 2013, with New Jersey's First Lady, Mary Pat Christie , hammering the nail into the final board of the project. On September 12, 2013,

7280-665: The Christopher Street Connection faced Josh Daniels and Matt Striker in a match to decide the first Pro Wrestling WORLD-1 Tag Team Champions in Pottstown, Pennsylvania . The two teams fought to a double-countout however, and the titles remained vacant. The next night, the Christopher Street Connection faced Simon Diamond and Justin Credible at a show for Pro Wrestling WORLD-1 at the Solanco Fairgrounds in Quarryville, Pennsylvania . This

7410-563: The Christopher Street Connection finally lost the tag team belts to Demolition ( Ax and Smash ), former 3-time WWF World Tag Team Champions , ending their three-month reign as champions. Buff E and Mendoza also feuded with Havoc & Monsta Mack in JAPW later that year. Openly gay Coming out of the closet , often shortened to coming out , is a metaphor used to describe LGBTQ people's self-disclosure of their sexual orientation , romantic orientation , or gender identity . This

7540-613: The LGBT community may not face. The 2018 National LGBT Survey in the United Kingdom found that only 17 percent of asexuals received positive responses when coming out, in comparison to over 40 percent for other LGBT people. A 2016 study found that asexual individuals commonly experienced skepticism and misunderstanding over the existence of their identity when coming out as asexual. A 2024 review by Michael Paramo noted that asexual and aromantic people are commonly tasked with educating people about their identities when coming out because of

7670-423: The LGBT individual may not always enjoy positive effects from the decision. For example, teens who had parents who rejected them when they came out showed more drug use, depression, suicide attempts, and risky sexual behaviors later on as young adults. Some studies find that the health effects of coming out depend more on the reactions of parents than on the disclosure itself. A number of studies have been done on

7800-740: The Murphy Rec Center in Philadelphia, they were awarded the match via disqualification when their opponents attacked them with hubcaps . During most of 2003, they would feud with The Carnage Crew in Ring of Honor. At ROH's First Anniversary Show at the Elks Lodge in Queens, New York , the Christopher Street Connection interfered in a match between The Carnage Crew and Texas Wrestling Academy students Hotstuff Hernandez, Don Juan and Fast Eddie. Rudy Boy Gonzalez,

7930-779: The Thomas A. Mathis and J. Stanley Tunney Bridges and heads west through Toms River to intersect the Garden State Parkway at exit 82. NJ Transit provides seasonal bus service in Seaside Heights on the 137 route to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan and to Newark Penn Station in Newark . Ocean Ride local service is provided on the OC10 Toms River Connection route. According to

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8060-511: The UK were unlikely to reveal their identity within healthcare settings for fear of being pressured to conform to sexual behavior. Online role models may be helpful for asexual people when coming out because of a lack of representation surrounding asexuality. In areas of the world where homosexual acts are penalized or prohibited, gay men, lesbians, and bisexual people can suffer negative legal consequences for coming out. In particular, where homosexuality

8190-550: The United States come out has been dropping. High school students and even middle school students are coming out. Emerging research suggests that gay men from religious backgrounds are likely to come out online via Facebook and other social networks, such as blogs, as they offer a protective interpersonal distance. This largely contradicts the growing movement in social media research indicating that online use, particularly Facebook, can lead to negative mental health outcomes such as increased levels of anxiety. While further research

8320-439: The United States, for example, transgender people are 28 percent more likely to be victims of violence) can make coming out a risky decision. Fear of retaliatory behavior, such as being removed from the parental home while underage, is a reason for transgender people to delay coming out to their families until they have reached adulthood. Parental confusion and lack of acceptance of a transgender child may result in parents treating

8450-400: The academic community in the 1950s. The article continues by echoing Chauncey's observation that a subsequent shift in connotation occurred later on. The pre-1950s focus was on entrance into "a new world of hope and communal solidarity", whereas the post- Stonewall Riots overtone was an exit from the oppression of the closet. This change in focus suggests that "coming out of the closet "

8580-451: The advice and consent of the council. As of 2022 , the mayor of Seaside Heights is Republican Anthony E. "Tony" Vaz, whose term of office ends December 31, 2023. Borough Council members are Council President Mike Carbone (R, 2023), Vito M. Ferrone (R, 2022), Victoria Graichen (R, 2024), Agnes Polhemus (R, 2023), Harry Smith (R, 2024) and Richard Tompkins (R, 2022). In July 2015, Bill Akers resigned from office as mayor to accept

8710-514: The audience. The team was originally managed by Rob Feinstein, under the name Fun Athletic Guy. They also had a series of female valets including Allison Danger , Ariel and Jailbait . Both trained by Homicide and Laithon, Buff E and Mace Mendoza both made their singles debuts during the late-1990s prior to their debut as the Christopher Street Connection. Their name was a reference to the real-life Christopher Street in Manhattan, New York where

8840-404: The average family size was 2.93. In the borough, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 35.4% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.8 males. The median income for a household in

8970-507: The beginning of January, the board chooses a director and a deputy director from among its members. As of 2024 , Ocean County's Commissioners (with party affiliation, term-end year and residence) are: John P. Kelly (R, 2025, Eagleswood Township ), Virginia E. Haines ( R , 2025, Toms River ), Director Barbara Jo Crea (R, 2024, Little Egg Harbor Township ) Deputy Director Gary Quinn (R, 2024, Lacey Township ) and Frank Sadeghi (R, 2026, Toms River). Constitutional officers elected on

9100-519: The borough council for more than a decade before her death in December 2010. Seaside Heights Borough Attorney George R. Gilmore is grandson of the late Seaside Heights mayor J. Stanley Tunney and is the Ocean County Republican chairman. Seaside Heights is located in the 4th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 10th state legislative district. For the 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 4th congressional district

9230-549: The borough council. The three Republicans will take their new seats in January 2012. Mayor Hershey had been in politics in Seaside Heights uninterrupted for over 35 years and had been first elected as mayor in 1992. His predecessor George Tompkins (father of current councilman Rich Tompkins) served 16 years from 1975 to 1991, and Mayor J. Stanley Tunney served for 25 years from 1939 to 1964. Councilwoman Agnes Polhemus served from 1972 to 1993, and returned in 2006. Joann Duszczak served on

9360-515: The borough was $ 25,963, and the median income for a family was $ 27,197. Males had a median income of $ 30,354 versus $ 21,899 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $ 18,665. About 21.9% of families and 24.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 37.9% of those under age 18 and 12.3% of those age 65 or over. Seaside Heights hosted the Association of Volleyball Professionals volleyball tournament for two years during

9490-523: The borough's 2010 Census population, 47.6% (vs. 63.2% in Ocean County) were registered to vote, including 59.3% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 82.6% countywide). In the 2012 presidential election , Republican Mitt Romney received 51.8% of the vote (231 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 46.0% (205 votes), and other candidates with 2.2% (10 votes), among the 466 ballots cast by the borough's 1,517 registered voters (20 ballots were spoiled ), for

9620-478: The borough. The population density was 4,662.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,800.4/km ). There were 3,003 housing units at an average density of 4,850.2 per square mile (1,872.7/km ). The racial makeup was 80.74% (2,331) White , 6.69% (193) Black or African American , 0.59% (17) Native American , 1.52% (44) Asian , 0.00% (0) Pacific Islander , 6.96% (201) from other races , and 3.50% (101) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.87% (516) of

9750-407: The closet is the source of other gay slang expressions related to voluntary disclosure or lack thereof. LGBT people who have already revealed or no longer conceal their sexual orientation or gender identity are out of the closet or simply out , i.e., openly LGBT. By contrast, LGBT people who have yet to come out or have opted not to do so are labelled as closeted or being in the closet . Outing

9880-464: The closet there. In 1951, Donald Webster Cory published his landmark The Homosexual in America , saying, "Society has handed me a mask to wear ... Everywhere I go, at all times and before all sections of society, I pretend." Cory was a pseudonym, but his frank and openly subjective descriptions served as a stimulus to the emerging homosexual self-awareness and the nascent homophile movement . In

10010-454: The effect of people coming out to their parents. A 1989 report by Robinson et al. of parents of out gay and lesbian children in the United States found that 21 percent of fathers and 28 percent of mothers had suspected that their child was gay or lesbian, largely based on gender atypical behavior during childhood. The 1989 study found that two-thirds of parents reacted negatively. A 1995 study (that used young people's reactions) found that half of

10140-524: The end of his career. In 2013, American basketball player Jason Collins (a member of the Washington Wizards ) came out as gay, becoming the first active male professional athlete in a major North American team sport to publicly come out as gay. On 15 August 2013, WWE wrestler Darren Young came out, making him the first openly gay active professional wrestler. On 9 February 2014, former Missouri defensive lineman Michael Sam came out as gay. He

10270-474: The evening. At an October 28 event for JAPW, they did manage to score a victory over Beef Wellington and SeXXXy Eddy . In early-2007, the Christopher Street Connection faced and defeated female wrestlers Cha-Cha and Alicia in an intergender match at an April 21 JAPW show. On June 15, the Christopher Street Connection made their debut in World-1 South Pro Wrestling with The Honky Tonk Man at

10400-449: The event was moved to Seaside Heights. The show returned to Seaside Heights for its fifth season, which wrapped filming on August 2, 2011, and began airing in January 2012. Prior to Jersey Shore , the town was also the setting of MTV 's True Life: I Have A Summer Share , which was filmed in Seaside Heights, as was MTV's True Life: I'm a Jersey Shore Girl from 2004, which was one of the network's first stories of guidettes looking for

10530-486: The fact that the boardwalk and pier ended there. In what became known as Freeman's Fire, a total of 85 buildings were destroyed with an estimated $ 4 million in damage. Beginning on October 29, 2012, substantial portions of the boardwalk were damaged and much of the borough was flooded as a result of Hurricane Sandy . Both the Funtown Pier and Casino Pier suffered devastating major damage, with sections of both piers torn apart by powerful storm surges and waves causing many of

10660-439: The first night of March Madness on March 23 and JAPW Tag Team Champions Da Hit Squad at Proven on April 21. At The Upset on May 18, the team lost to Low Ki in a handicap match . Returning to the ECW Arena, they lost to The Moondogs 2000 at The Meltdown the next day. The team hosted an interview segment, Out of the Closet , at Royal Consequences two months later. On November 9, they faced their former trainer Liathon in

10790-544: The first openly gay athlete to win an Olympic gold medal . He achieved this at the Beijing Olympics in the men's 10-meter platform event. The first Irish county GAA player to come out while still playing was hurler Dónal Óg Cusack in October 2009, in previews of his autobiography. Gareth Thomas , who played international rugby union and rugby league for Wales, came out in a Daily Mail interview in December 2009 near

10920-617: The former ECW Arena, Buff E and Mace Mendoza also faced The Carnage Crew at an event celebrating JAPW's 100th wrestling show on March 26. The team also made appearances in United States Xtreme Wrestling and Jersey All Pro Wrestling during the next few months losing matches to The Carnage Crew and Billy Reil and Mike Tobin . On May 21, the Christopher Street Connection appeared at the first Chris Candido Memorial Show hosted by UXW in Long Island, New York . They participated in

11050-585: The group, it was the return match for Eddie Thomas since being injured in a car accident earlier that year. Later that year in ROH, they would also face the Badstreet Boys ( Joey Matthews and Christian York ), The Carnage Crew (Loc and Devito) and Da Hit Squad. On December 28 at Final Battle '02 , Mendoza and Eddie Guapo teamed as the New Christopher Street Connection. Facing The Carnage Crew at

11180-509: The growing movement, Kameny argued for unapologetic public actions. The cornerstone of his conviction was that, "we must instill in the homosexual community a sense of worth to the individual homosexual", which could only be achieved through campaigns openly led by homosexuals themselves. With the spread of consciousness raising (CR) in the late 1960s, coming out became a key strategy of the gay liberation movement to raise political consciousness to counter heterosexism and homophobia . At

11310-399: The harm caused both to a closeted person and to society in general by being closeted. Because LGBT people have historically been marginalized as sexual minorities , coming out of the closet remains a challenge for most of the world's LGBT population and can lead to a backlash of heterosexist discrimination and homophobic violence . Studies have found that concealing sexual orientation

11440-530: The highest percentage of housing instability. Homelessness among LGBT youth also affects many areas of an individual's life, leading to higher rates of victimization, depression, suicidal ideation, substance abuse, risky sexual behavior, and participation in more illegal and dangerous activities. A 2016 study on homelessness pathways among Latino LGBT youth found that homelessness among LGBT individuals can also be attributed to structural issues such as systems of care, and sociocultural and economic factors. New data

11570-405: The incident. This further shows the barriers that trans individuals can have when coming out. Coming out as transgender can be more complex than coming out as a sexual minority. Visible changes that can occur as part of changing one's gender identity – such as wardrobe changes, hormone replacement therapy , and name changes – can make coming out to other people less of

11700-412: The inequality in regulations comes in the form of mental effects, as transgender people who have to legally announce a gender they do not identify with or their dead name can face uncomfortable situations and stress. In the early stages of the LGBT identity development process, people can feel confused and undergo turmoil. In 1993, Michelangelo Signorile wrote Queer in America , in which he explored

11830-409: The inside/outside rhetoric ... is that such polemics disguise the fact that most of us are both inside and outside at the same time". Further, "To be out, in common gay parlance, is precisely to be no longer out; to be out is to be finally outside of exteriority and all the exclusions and deprivations such outsiderhood imposes. Or, put another way, to be out is really to be in – inside

11960-685: The largest population of homeless youth; this has typically been caused by the reaction of others, especially parents, to self-identification and acknowledgment of being gay, or identifying with the LGBT community. About 20 to 30 percent of homeless youth identify as LGBT. Native and Indigenous LGBTQ youth make up the largest population to suffer homelessness: 44 percent, compared to any other race. 55 percent of homeless LGBTQ and 67 percent of homeless transgender youth were forced out of their homes by their parents or ran away because of their sexual orientation or gender identity and expression. Compared to transgender women and non-binary youth, transgender men have

12090-495: The lives of modern-day Americans for two reasons. However, when understood as an act of self-disclosure, coming out (like any self-disclosure) cannot be accomplished once, and for all. Eve Sedgwick writes in Epistemology of the Closet : the deadly elasticity of heterosexist presumption means that … people find new walls springing up around them even as they drowse: every encounter with a new classful of students, to say nothing of

12220-440: The mothers of gay or bisexual male college students "responded with disbelief, denial or negative comments", while fathers reacted slightly better. 18 percent of parents reacted "with acts of intolerance, attempts to convert the child to heterosexuality, and verbal threats to cut off financial or emotional support". If rejected by their families, many LGBT youth can become homeless during the coming out process. LGBT youth are among

12350-613: The municipality, 6.39 miles (10.28 km) by Ocean County and 0.93 miles (1.50 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation . Route 35 and Route 37 both pass through Seaside Heights, intersecting at the Pelican Island approach to the Thomas A. Mathis and J. Stanley Tunney Bridges . Route 35 runs up the coast to Point Pleasant and points north and south to Seaside Park and Island Beach State Park . Route 37 crosses

12480-411: The opening of a larger school building on the bay front. The current school was built in the late 1960s, and is dedicated to Hugh J. Boyd Jr., its longtime superintendent of schools who died in 1983. The district's Early Childhood Center addition was dedicated in 2007 in the name of longtime Board of Education Member Harry M. Smith III. Public school students in seventh through twelfth grades attend

12610-443: The perfect guido . Additionally, MTV selected Seaside Heights as the filming location for its summer programming in both 1998 and 2002. In 1985, New Jersey rock band Bon Jovi filmed most of their music video for the song " In and Out of Love " in Seaside Heights, mainly on the boardwalk. Portions of the 2006 movie Artie Lange's Beer League were filmed in Seaside Heights. The ABC soap opera One Life to Live filmed

12740-434: The population were under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 8.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.2 years. For every 100 females, the population had 112.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 113.2 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income

12870-410: The population. There were 1,408 households, out of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.8% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.9% were non-families. 40.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and

13000-418: The population. Of the 1,376 households, 20.5% had children under the age of 18; 21.0% were married couples living together; 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present and 57.4% were non-families. Of all households, 46.0% were made up of individuals and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 3.03. 19.7% of

13130-529: The promotion's first show in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . They appeared in the opening match against Da Hit Squad and, after Mendoza was pinned by Mafia, Da Hit Squad attacked Allison Danger by putting her though a table. They made their second appearance in ROH at A Night of Appreciation losing to Da Hit Squad once again in a three-way match with Prince Nana and female wrestler Simply Luscious. The two would continue to appear in JAPW at various times throughout

13260-412: The real world. But, while many trans people find support online that they may not have in real life, others encounter bullying and harassment. According to a study published by Blumenfeld and Cooper in 2012, youth who identify as LGBT are 22 percent less likely to report online bullying because they may have parents who do not believe or understand them, or they fear having to come out in order to explain

13390-478: The realm of the visible, the speakable, the culturally intelligible." In other words, coming out constructs the closet it supposedly destroys and the self it supposedly reveals, "the first appearance of the homosexual as a 'species' rather than a 'temporary aberration' also marks the moment of the homosexual's disappearance – into the closet". Furthermore, Seidman, Meeks, and Traschen (1999) argue that "the closet" may be becoming an antiquated metaphor in

13520-424: The recipient and the individual coming out. The closet narrative sets up an implicit dualism between being "in" or being "out", wherein those who are "in" are often stigmatized as living false, unhappy lives. Likewise, philosopher and critical analyst Judith Butler (1991) states that the in/out metaphor creates a binary opposition which pretends that the closet is dark, marginal, and false, and that being out in

13650-706: The relational bond between parents and children, a child coming out as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender can be positive or negative. Strong, loving relationships between children and their parents may be strengthened but if a relationship is already strained, those relationships may be further damaged or destroyed by the child coming out. If people coming out are accepted by their parents, it allows open discussions of dating and relationships and enables parents to help their children with coping with discrimination and to make healthier decisions regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases . Because parents, families, and close others can also reject someone coming out,

13780-471: The results of a referendum held on March 25, 1913, Seaside Heights was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 26, 1913, from portions of both Berkeley Township and Dover Township (now Toms River ). The borough was named for its location on the Atlantic Ocean. As a resort community, the beach, an amusement-oriented boardwalk, and numerous clubs and bars, make it

13910-461: The rides to collapse into the ocean. With a curfew set at 4:00 pm to prevent looting, a New Year's Eve party was held at the Beachcomber for hundreds of area residents at which the arrival of 2013 was celebrated at 3:00 in the afternoon. Casino Pier began cleanup attempts soon after, in an attempt to reopen in time for the summer 2013 season. The Star Jet roller coaster that fell into the water with

14040-418: The same sex. Coming out has also been described as a process because of a recurring need or desire to come out in new situations in which LGBT people are assumed to be heterosexual or cisgender , such as at a new job or with new acquaintances. A major frame of reference for those coming out has included using an inside/outside perspective, where some assume that the person can keep their identity or orientation

14170-456: The same time and continuing into the 1980s, gay and lesbian social support discussion groups, some of which were called "coming-out groups", focused on sharing coming-out "stories" (accounts) with the goal of reducing isolation and increasing LGBT visibility and pride . The present-day expression "coming out" is understood to have originated in the early 20th century from an analogy that likens homosexuals' introduction into gay subculture to

14300-413: The school's head instructor, was at ringside. On March 22, Mace Mendoza teamed with Hotstuff Hernandez at Night of Champions losing to The Carnage Crew in Philadelphia when Mendoza was pinned by a second rope spike piledriver . On June 14, the Christopher Street Connection lost to The Carnage Crew at Night of Grudges in a grudge match. Following the match, Loc and Devito attacked their valet Ariel with

14430-616: The schools of the Central Regional School District , which also serves students from the municipalities of Berkeley Township , Island Heights , Ocean Gate and Seaside Park . Schools in the district (with 2020–21 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics ) are Central Regional Middle School with 842 students in grades 7 and 8 and Central Regional High School with 1,568 students in grades 9–12. The high school district's board of education

14560-454: The show. Later during the event, the Christopher Street Connection confronted Billy Gunn following his win over Justin Credible . Upset at his WWF storyline with Chuck Palumblo , they attempted to attack him in the ring but were fought off by Gunn. They then accepted a challenge from Gunn to a tag team match in Queens, New York on September 24 where, in a reunion with longtime tag team partner "Road Dog" Jesse James , they faced and lost to

14690-785: The spokesperson for the day in April 1995. Although still named " National Coming Out Day", this day is observed in Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland also on 11 October, and in the United Kingdom on 12 October. To celebrate National Coming Out Day on 11 October 2002, Human Rights Campaign released an album bearing the same title as that year's theme: Being Out Rocks . Participating artists include Kevin Aviance , Janis Ian , k.d. lang , Cyndi Lauper , Sarah McLachlan , and Rufus Wainwright . The first US professional team-sport athlete to come out

14820-542: The summer months in Seaside Heights, a cooling afternoon sea breeze is present on most days, but episodes of extreme heat and humidity can occur with heat index values at or above 95.0 °F (35.0 °C). During the winter months, episodes of extreme cold and wind can occur with wind chill values below 0.0 °F (−17.8 °C). The plant hardiness zone at Seaside Heights Beach is 7a with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of 3.7 °F (−15.7 °C). The average seasonal (November–April) snowfall total

14950-500: The summers of 2006 and 2007 with participants competing for a $ 200,000 purse. Casino Pier and Funtown Pier (partially located within both Seaside Heights and neighboring Seaside Park ) are amusement parks , each situated on a pier extending approximately 300 feet (100 m) into the Atlantic Ocean . Each of the two piers are part of a boardwalk that stretches for 2 miles (3.2 km) and offers many family-friendly attractions ranging from arcades, to games of chance, to beaches, and to

15080-615: The titles to them. On December 10, 2004, they defeated The Solution for the JAPW Tag Team Championship at JAPW Seasons Beatings '04 in Rahway, New Jersey . The Christopher Street Connection held the titles for over a month before losing to the Strong Style Thugs ( B-Boy and Homicide ) at JAPW Wildcard on January 28, 2005. On February 19, they defeated The Heartbreak Express (Sean and Phil Davis) at an ROH show. Appearing at

15210-454: The topic in his major work The Homosexuality of Men and Women , discussing the social and legal potential of several thousand homosexual men and women of rank revealing their sexual orientation to the police in order to influence legislators and public opinion. Hirschfeld did not support 'self-denunciation' and dismissed the possibilities of a political movement based on open homosexuals. The first prominent American to reveal his homosexuality

15340-411: The two of them. Mendoza also confessed that he too was guilty of an affair with their valet Dana Dameson , who was also Mendoza's maid of honor , and it was revealed that she was pregnant by him. The Hard Line stable (Simon Diamond, John Shane , Mike Tobin and The Solution) came out to the ring, however the two made up and later wrestled in the main event against The Solution (Havok and Papadon) and lost

15470-465: The wide variety of foods and desserts, all within walking distance. Breakwater Beach (formerly known as Water Works) is a water park situated across the street from Casino Pier. Seaside Heights is governed under the borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 564) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey. The governing body

15600-562: The year. On May 3, the Christopher Street Connection lost to the Shaolin Wrecking Crew (Suba and Magic) when Magic pinned Chris Cabana despite not being officially in the match. Cabana, who was at ringside, had attempted to interfere in the match but was pinned costing them the match. On July 13, they defeated Eddie Thomas and Tony Lazaro in Seaside Heights, New Jersey . As well as being one of Alison Danger's earliest appearances with

15730-608: Was David Kopay , a former NFL running back who had played for five teams ( San Francisco , Detroit , Washington , New Orleans and Green Bay ) between 1964 and 1972. He came out in 1975 in an interview in the Washington Star . The first professional athlete to come out while still playing was Czech-American tennis player Martina Navratilova , who came out as a lesbian during an interview with The New York Times in 1981. English footballer Justin Fashanu came out in 1990 and

15860-430: Was $ 33,380 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 12,171) and the median family income was $ 39,688 (+/− $ 28,475). Males had a median income of $ 46,005 (+/− $ 18,386) versus $ 18,928 (+/− $ 13,004) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $ 19,865 (+/− $ 4,981). About 37.0% of families and 33.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 73.5% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over. As of

15990-417: Was called "self-denunciation" and entailed serious legal and reputational risks. In his 1906 work, Das Sexualleben unserer Zeit in seinen Beziehungen zur modernen Kultur (The sexual life of our time in its relation to modern civilization), Iwan Bloch , a German-Jewish physician, entreated elderly homosexuals to self-disclose to their family members and acquaintances. In 1914, Magnus Hirschfeld revisited

16120-620: Was collected by Amit Paley, the CEO and executive director of the Trevor Project, in regards to how the COVID-19 pandemic affected LGBTQ youth. The 2021 National Survey on LGBTQ Youth Mental Health shows that COVID-19 had made 80 percent of the LGBTQ youth housing situation much more stressful due to economic struggles, initially affecting their ability to have safe and secure housing. Jimmie Manning performed

16250-562: Was drafted by the St. Louis Rams on 10 May 2014, with the 249th overall pick in the seventh round, making him the first openly gay player to be drafted by an NFL franchise. He was released by St. Louis and waived by the Dallas Cowboys practice squad. Sam was on the roster for the Montreal Alouettes , but has since retired from football. Seaside Heights, New Jersey Seaside Heights

16380-537: Was subject to homophobic taunts from spectators, opponents and teammates for the rest of his career. In 1995 while at the peak of his playing career, Ian Roberts became the first high-profile Australian sports person and first rugby footballer in the world to come out as gay. John Amaechi , who played in the NBA with the Utah Jazz , Orlando Magic and Cleveland Cavaliers (as well as internationally with Panathinaikos BC of

16510-571: Was the first ICW event held in three years. On May 22, a match involving themselves, Special K (Izzy and Dixie) and The Ring Crew Express ended in a no-contest when Generation Next ( Alex Shelley , Austin Aries , Jack Evans and Roderick Strong ) broke up the match attacking all three teams. While in USA Pro Wrestling the next year, they defeated Simon Diamond and Matt Striker to win the promotion's tag team titles on June 19, 2004. They also made

16640-577: Was the poet Robert Duncan . In 1944, using his own name in the anarchist magazine Politics , he wrote that homosexuals were an oppressed minority. The decidedly clandestine Mattachine Society , founded by Harry Hay and other veterans of the Wallace for President campaign in Los Angeles in 1950, moved into the public eye after Hal Call took over the group in San Francisco in 1953. Many gays emerged from

16770-468: Was the setting for MTV's reality TV series Jersey Shore . The first season of Jersey Shore was filmed in Seaside Heights and Toms River during August 2009. The show's third season was also filmed in Seaside Heights, during July, August, and September 2010. After New York City officials nixed MTV's plans to hold a " Snooki Drop" at its studios in Times Square alongside the square's own ball drop ,

16900-535: Was to build a covered pier to house a carousel. The structure was built in 1915 under the direction of Joseph Vanderslice of Senate Amusement Company. Budget issues stalled the project in 1916, and the amusement ride and building was subsequently sold to Frank Freeman. The combination of the completion of the Toms River Bridge on October 23, 1914, and the DuPont Avenue carousel and boardwalk are what likely led to

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