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27-521: Christian Müller (spelled also Christiaan; Sankt Andreasberg , 4 February 1690 - Amsterdam , 8 March 1763) was a Dutch organ builder, born in the Lower Saxony part of Germany . He is renowned for building the great organ in the Grote Kerk, Haarlem , which at the time was deemed as the largest organ in the world; its reputation has been amplified by the fact that several composers have performed on it over

54-676: A single volcanic center. The Palisades Sill which makes up the New Jersey Palisades on the Hudson River , near New York City , New York, United States, is an example of a diabase sill. The dike complexes of the British Tertiary Volcanic Province includes Skye, Rum, Mull, and Arran of western Scotland , the Slieve Gullion region of Ireland , and dolerite dike swarms extending across northern England towards

81-555: Is a mafic , holocrystalline , subvolcanic rock equivalent to volcanic basalt or plutonic gabbro . Diabase dikes and sills are typically shallow intrusive bodies and often exhibit fine-grained to aphanitic chilled margins which may contain tachylite (dark mafic glass). Diabase is the preferred name in North America, while dolerite is the preferred name in the rest of the English-speaking world, where sometimes

108-532: Is checkpoint no. 154 ( Dreibrodestein ) in the Harzer Wandernadel hiking system and a memorial to the foresters and officials of the Andreasberg Forestry Office who fell in the two world wars . Other natural monuments are a group of chestnuts on the market square (ND GS 42) and the diabase deposit in the village of Silberhütte (ND GS 45). Johann Wolfgang von Goethe researched in 1783

135-584: Is mostly Protestant. As a result of their elevation, Sankt Andreasberg (520–720 m [1,710–2,360 ft]) and Sonnenberg (800–850 m [2,620–2,790 ft]) still have fairly guaranteed snow. Sankt Andreasberg is an Alpine Ski Centre of the Harz , with three T-bar lifts on the Sonnenberg as well as two double chairlifts and three T-bars at the Matthias Schmidt Mountain Centre. In

162-527: Is termed diabasic and is typical of diabases. This diabasic texture is also termed interstitial . The feldspar is high in anorthite (as opposed to albite ), the calcium endmember of the plagioclase anorthite-albite solid solution series, most commonly labradorite . Diabase is usually found in smaller, relatively shallow intrusive bodies such as dikes and sills . Diabase dikes occur in regions of crustal extension and often occur in dike swarms of hundreds of individual dikes or sills radiating from

189-793: The Christian Vater organ in the Oude Kerk of Amsterdam in 1738. Apart from the famous 60-stop in Haarlem (1735–38), Müller is noted for a number of instruments found in many Dutch towns. Standing out among them are: the 1727 Grote of Jacobijnerkerk organ in Leeuwarden (three manuals, 37 stops); the 1734 Oude Waalse kerk organ in Amsterdam; the 1737 Lutheran church organ in Zaandam ; the 1756 organ in Beverwijk ; and

216-607: The Harz National Park , but also around the town in the form of Upper Harz mountain meadows. In the national park north-northwest of Sankt Andreasberg are the Dreibrodesteine (at ca.  641 m above NN ;   51°43′57″N 10°30′40″E  /  51.73250°N 10.51111°E  / 51.73250; 10.51111 ; ND GS  43), three outsize blocks of granite that have been formed by spheroidal weathering . According to legend they originated as

243-593: The Karoo dolerites of South Africa , the Ferrar Dolerites of Antarctica , and the largest of these, the most extensive of all dolerite formations worldwide, are found in Tasmania . Here, the volume of magma which intruded into a thin veneer of Permian and Triassic rocks from multiple feeder sites, over a period of perhaps a million years, may have exceeded 40,000 cubic kilometres. In Tasmania, dolerite dominates much of

270-677: The Northern Territory , forming curved ridges of Oenpelli Dolerite stretching over 30,000 square kilometres (12,000 sq mi). Further west, on the northern coast of Arnhem Land, a "subsurface radial dyke swarm" known as Galiwinku Dolerite, taking its name from the Aboriginal name for Elcho Island, occurs on the Gove Peninsula and continues under the Arafura Sea and on Wessel Islands , including Elcho and Milingimbi Islands . In

297-774: The Yilgarn Craton of Western Australia , a Proterozoic 200-kilometre (120 mi) long dolerite dike, the Norseman-Wiluna greenstone belt is associated with the non-alluvial gold mining area between Norseman and Kalgoorlie , which includes the largest gold mine in Australia, the Super Pit gold mine . West of the Norseman–Wiluna Belt is the Yalgoo-Singleton greenstone belt , where complex dolerite dike swarms obscure

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324-462: The 1762 Koepelkerk organ in Alkmaar . A number of smaller instruments, used both in churches as well as domestic households, have been attributed to Christian Müller, the majority of which survive to this day. After the death of Christian Müller in 1763 the workshop was taken on by his apprentice Johann Heinrich Hartmann Bätz (1709–70) along with the master's son Pieter (1738 – c.1789); aside from organs

351-635: The Hohe Klippen rocks (ND GS 146) on the Rehberg mountain above the present-day Goethe Place on the Rehberger Graben (ditch), because he believed he would find evidence there for his assumptions about the earth's history. The boundary between the geological platform made of greywacke hornfels and the underlying fine-grained granite from Brocken runs by the Hohe Klippen. The population of Sankt Andreasberg

378-895: The Midlands, for example Rowley Rag . Parts of the Deccan Traps of India, formed at the end of the Cretaceous , also include dolerite. It is also abundant in large parts of Curaçao , an island off the coast of Venezuela . Another example of diabase dikes has been recognized in the Mongo area within the Guéra Massif of Chad in Central Africa. In the Death Valley region of California, Precambrian diabase intrusions metamorphosed pre-existing dolomite into economically important talc deposits. In

405-542: The Teichtal there is the first snow tubing track in the Harz. The cross-country skiing trail network around Sankt Andreasberg has 40 km (25 mi) of tracks and is linked from the Sonnenberg to Oderbrück / Torfhaus and to the Ackerloipe / Altenau networks. On Matthias Schmidt Mountain a summer toboggan is open during the summer. Nordic walking , hiking, mountain biking and trekking are popular summer activities in

432-735: The Thuringian-Franconian-Vogtland Slate Mountains of central Germany the diabase is entirely of Devonian age. They form typical domed landscapes, especially in the Vogtland . One geotourist attraction is the Steinerne Rose near Saalburg , a natural monument, whose present shape is due to the typical weathering of lava pillows. A geological event known as the Oenpelli Dolerite intrusive event occurred about 1,720 million years ago in western Arnhem Land , in

459-473: The base of the Marine Corps War Memorial is made of black diabase "granite" (a commercial term, not actual granite). Diabase can also be cut for use as ornamental stone for countertops, facing stone on buildings, and paving. A form of dolerite, known as bluestone , is one of the materials used in the construction of Stonehenge . Diabase also serves as local building stone. In Tasmania, where it

486-407: The centuries, including Georg Friedrich Handel and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . Around 1720 Christian Müller moved to Amsterdam, where he became an apprentice in the workshop of organ builder Cornelis Hoornbeeck . Following the master's death in 1722 Müller took over the establishment, where his nephew Johann Caspar Müller (1697–1746) was employed until 1729. The latter is mostly noted for rebuilding

513-573: The foot of the Beerberg and the St. Andrews Mine ( Grube St. Andreas ) by the market. In 1521, St. Andreasberg received the right to mine from Counts Heinrich and Ernst von Hohenstein. It was proclaimed in Mansfelder Land and in the mining areas of Saxony and miners were invited to dig for silver and other metals. The area around Sankt Andreasberg is especially rich in habitats worthy of protection in within

540-625: The landscape, particularly alpine areas, with many examples of columnar jointing . Early Jurassic activity resulted in the formation of dolerite intrusion in Prospect in Sydney , and quarrying of basalt for roadstone and other building materials has been an important activity there for over 180 years. Diabase is crushed and used as a construction aggregate for road beds, buildings, railroad beds (rail ballast), and within dams and levees. Diabase can be cut for use as headstones and memorials;

567-917: The local Harz Mountain Rescue Club. Several Sankt Andreasberg sports clubs enjoy a long tradition. These include the Sankt Andreasberg Shooting Club (1522) and the Sankt Andreasberg Gymnastics and Sports Club (1861). Following the success of the 1st Winterfest in 1896 the Upper Harz Ski Club was founded on the Brocken; it is now called the St. Andreasberg Ski Club 1896. [REDACTED] Media related to Sankt Andreasberg at Wikimedia Commons Diabase Diabase ( / ˈ d aɪ . ə ˌ b eɪ s / ), also called dolerite ( / ˈ d ɒ l . ə ˌ r aɪ t / ) or microgabbro ,

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594-509: The name diabase refers to altered dolerites and basalts. Some geologists prefer to avoid confusion by using the name microgabbro . The name diabase comes from the French diabase , and ultimately from the Greek διάβασις (meaning "act of crossing over, transition") whereas the name dolerite comes from the French dolérite , from the Greek doleros (“deceitful, deceptive”), because it

621-599: The peaceful surroundings of the Sankt Andreasberg mountain town. In the spa park there is a ropes course and climbing park. The southern part of the Oderteich reservoir in the Harz National Park is open to swimmers in the summer. Coming from Torfhaus and Oderteich , the Brocken bypass section of the nearly 100 km (62 mi) long Harzer Hexenstieg hiking trail passes through the town and heads for Braunlage and Thale . Mountain rescue services are provided by

648-401: The three loaves of bread of a heartless woman who would not help a starving miner. With the words Meine drei Brote sollen lieber zu Steinen werden ("I'd rather my three loaves became stones") she spurned the miner, whereupon the loaves grew into giant stones and squashed the woman into the mossy earth. The granite blocks were considered a warning against heartlessness. At the Dreibrodesteine

675-656: The volcaniclastic sediments. Large dolerite sills such as the Golden Mile Dolerite can exhibit coarse-grained texture, and show a large diversity in petrography and geochemistry across the width of the sill. The vast areas of mafic volcanism/ plutonism associated with the Jurassic breakup of the Gondwana supercontinent in the Southern Hemisphere include many large diabase/dolerite sills and dike swarms. These include

702-463: The workshop also produced harpsichords. Sankt Andreasberg Sankt Andreasberg was founded in the 1480s. It was first mentioned in a letter from the Count Heinrich zu Stolberg to Dietrich von Witzlebenon on 3 November 1487. The establishment of the village took place around the market. The first silver mines are assumed to be the St. Andrews Cross Mine ( German : Grube St. Andreaskreuz ) at

729-476: Was easily confused with diorite . Diabase normally has a fine but visible texture of euhedral lath -shaped plagioclase crystals (62%) set in a finer matrix of clinopyroxene , typically augite (20–29%), with minor olivine (3% up to 12% in olivine diabase), magnetite (2%), and ilmenite (2%). Accessory and alteration minerals include hornblende , biotite , apatite , pyrrhotite , chalcopyrite , serpentine , chlorite , and calcite . The texture

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