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Chippendale Society

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48-652: The Chippendale Society is a registered charity in Britain, that works to preserve and promote the heritage of Thomas Chippendale , one of Britain's most notable furniture makers. The society was founded in 1965 in Otley in Yorkshire , England, Chippendale's home town. Its mission is to advance public education in the matter of British craftsmanship, specifically Georgian, and particularly that of Thomas Chippendale whose designs and methods are still employed today. The society, governed by

96-495: A board of twelve trustees, owns a collection of Chippendale furniture and memorabilia, which is kept at Temple Newsam House in Leeds, and has access to other Chippendale collections, at Harewood House and Dumfries House . Chippendale furniture is highly valued; a padouk cabinet that was auctioned by Christie's in 2008 sold for £2,729,250 (US$ 5,324,763). In January 2013 the BBC produced

144-401: A community centre, began life in 1863 as a "saloon style" music hall . It remains largely in its original form, as for many years it was used as a Quaker meeting house. There was also the 1870 Varieties Music Hall (by C. J. Phipps ) in nearby Pitfield Street, this became a cinema in 1910, closing in 1941. In 2018 construction started on a refurbished cinema (operated by Curzon Cinemas) keeping

192-434: A large number of bars, nightclubs, restaurants, and art galleries. In this period, the new Hoxton residents could be identified by their obscurely fashionable (or " ironically " unfashionable) clothes and their hair (the so-called " Hoxton Fin ", as exemplified by Fran Healy of Travis ). The excesses and fashion-centricity of Hoxton and Shoreditch denizens have been satirised in the satirical magazine Shoreditch Twat , on

240-524: A letter arrived at the home of local resident William Parker, Lord Monteagle warning him not to attend the Parliament summoned by James I to convene on 5 November, because "yet I say they shall receive a terrible blow, the Parliament, and yet they shall not see who hurts them". The letter may have been sent by his brother-in-law Francis Tresham , or he may have written it himself, to curry favour. The letter

288-484: A mass market for furniture—upon which success he became renowned. According to the Victoria and Albert Museum , "so influential were his designs, in Britain and throughout Europe and America, that 'Chippendale' became a shorthand description for any furniture similar to his Director designs". The designs are regarded as representing the current British fashion for furniture of that period and are now reproduced globally. He

336-585: A modest house in Conduit Court, near Covent Garden . In 1752, he relocated to Somerset Court, off the Strand . In 1754, Chippendale relocated to 60–62 St Martin's Lane in London, where for the next 60 years the family business operated, until 1813 when his son, Thomas Chippendale (Junior), was evicted for bankruptcy. During 1754, he also began a partnership with James Rannie, a wealthy Scottish merchant, who put money into

384-524: A popular resort from the overcrowded City streets, and it is reputed that the name of Pimlico came from the publican, Ben Pimlico, and his particular brew. Have at thee, then, my merrie boyes, and beg for old Ben Pimlico's nut-brown ale. The gardens appear to have been situated near Hoxton Street, known at that time, as Pimlico Path . The modern area of Pimlico derives its name from its former use in Hoxton. On 26 October 1605 Hoxton achieved notoriety, when

432-544: A revised and enlarged edition in 1762, by which time Chippendale's illustrated designs began to show signs of Neoclassicism . Chippendale had considerable competition during his active years, most notably from Ince and Mayhew . From the 1760s Chippendale was influenced heavily by the Neoclassical work of architect Robert Adam . Chippendale was much more than just a cabinet maker, he was an interior designer who advised on other aspects of decor such as soft furnishings and even

480-662: A series entitled " Carved With Love; The Genius of British Woodwork ", the second episode of which featured Chippendale's life, work and influence. Thomas Chippendale Thomas Chippendale (June 1718 – 1779) was an English woodworker in London , designing furniture in the mid-Georgian , English Rococo , and Neoclassical styles. In 1754 he published a book of his designs in a trade catalogue titled The Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director —the most important collection of furniture designs published in England to that point which created

528-508: A third partner and so the business became Chippendale, Haig and Co. Thomas Chippendale (Junior) assumed management of the business in 1776 allowing his father to retire. He relocated to what was then called Lob's Fields (now known as Derry Street) in Kensington. Chippendale married Elizabeth Davis at Fulham Parish Church on 5 August 1777. He fathered three more children. In 1779, Chippendale relocated to Hoxton where he died of tuberculosis and

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576-460: Is generally considered to be bordered by Regent's Canal on the north side, Wharf Road and City Road to the west, Old Street to the south, and Kingsland Road to the east. There is a Hoxton electoral ward which returns three councillors to Hackney London Borough Council . The area forms part of the Hackney South and Shoreditch parliamentary constituency. The earliest recorded names of

624-713: Is the centre of the story in Roald Dahl 's " Parson's Pleasure ", a 1980 episode of Tales of the Unexpected . Hoxton Hoxton is an area in the London Borough of Hackney , England . It was historically in the county of Middlesex until 1889. Hoxton lies north-east of the City of London and is considered to be a part of London East End and was once part of the civil parish and subsequent Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch , prior to its incorporation into Hackney. The area

672-534: The East London Line (completed in 2010), has provided the local rail access which was lost when the line from Broad Street closed to services. Hoxton Market, which is now in Hoxton Street rather than its original site to the west of Hoxton Square, was founded in 1687. This market was the cornerstone of the local community but, from the 1980s onwards, changed from a thriving market to one that lost its trade to

720-462: The TVGoHome website, and in the sitcom Nathan Barley . This fashionable area centres around Hoxton Square, a small park bordered mainly by former industrial buildings, as well as the elegant 19th century parish church of St John's . The northern half of the district is more residential and contains many council housing estates and new-build private residences. Residents are typically older and

768-539: The parish of St John's . In 1415, the Lord Mayor of London "caused the wall of the City to be broken towards Moorfields , and built the postern called Moorgate , for the ease of the citizens to walk that way upon causeways towards Islington and Hoxton" – at that time, still marshy areas. The residents responded by harassing walkers to protect their fields. A century later, the hedges and ditches were destroyed, by order of

816-507: The 21st century as property developers have moved to cash in on the area's trendy image, central location and transport links. Some galleries have, as a result, moved to nearby Shoreditch , or have relocated further afield to cheaper districts such as London Fields or Bethnal Green . In response, the local council formed a not-for-profit corporation, Shoreditch Our Way (now called The Shoreditch Trust), to buy local buildings and lease them out as community facilities and housing. The extension of

864-591: The Miles family, and expanded rapidly into the surrounding streets being described by Coleridge as the Hoxton madhouse. Here fee-paying 'gentle and middle class' people took their exercise in the extensive grounds between Pitfield Street and Kingsland Road; including the poet Charles Lamb . Over 500 pauper lunatics resided in closed wards, and it remained the Naval Lunatic Asylum until 1818. The asylum closed in 1911;

912-515: The area. Some parts of Hoxton, however, remain deprived, with council housing dominating the landscape. The geographical distinction between Hoxton and Shoreditch is often confused. The two districts have a historical link as part of the same manor , and in the 19th century both formed part of the Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch . This was incorporated into the newly created London Borough of Hackney in 1965, but old street signs bearing

960-534: The beginning of the 1990s. During this time Joshua Compston established his Factual Nonsense gallery on Charlotte Road in Shoreditch and organised art fetes in Hoxton Square . Their presence gradually drew other creative industries into the area, especially magazines, design firms, and dot-coms . By the end of the 20th century, the southern half of Hoxton had become a vibrant arts and entertainment district boasting

1008-461: The business at the same time as Chippendale produced the first edition of the Director . Rannie and his bookkeeper, Thomas Haig, probably cared for the finances of the business. His wife, Catherine, died during 1772. After James Rannie died in 1766, Thomas Haig seems to have borrowed £2,000 from Rannie's widow, which he used to become Chippendale's partner. One of Rannie's executors, Henry Ferguson, became

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1056-474: The city, to enable city dwellers to partake in leisure at Hoxton. By Tudor times many moated manor houses existed to provide ambassadors and courtiers country air nearby the city. This included many Catholics , attracted by the house of the Portuguese Ambassador, who, in his private chapel, celebrated the masses forbidden in a Protestant country. One such resident was Sir Thomas Tresham , who

1104-668: The colour a room should be painted. During the company's period of greatest success, he worked with other specialists to privide fully decorated and furnished rooms or houses, once the principal construction was done. Chippendale often received large-scale commissions from aristocratic clients. Twenty-six of these commissions have been identified. Here furniture by Chippendale can still be seen. The locations include: Chippendale collaborated in furnishing interiors designed by Robert Adam, and at Brocket Hall , Hertfordshire, and Melbourne House, London, for Lord Melbourne, with Sir William Chambers ( c.  1772–75 ). Chippendale's Director

1152-451: The company's latest phase, as the younger Chippendale supplied furniture to Sir Richard Colt Hoare at Stourhead until 1820. Created by The Walt Disney Company in 1943, the names Chip 'n' Dale (lead characters in Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers ) are a pun on Chippendale. He is briefly mentioned by name in the opening of the 2022 film Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers . A Chippendale commode

1200-449: The east of the area from the first century. In medieval times, Hoxton formed a rural part of Shoreditch parish . It achieved independent ecclesiastical status in 1826 with the founding of its own parish church dedicated to St John the Baptist , though civil jurisdiction was still invested in the Shoreditch vestry. The Worshipful Company of Haberdashers remains Patron of the advowson of

1248-407: The first cabinet-maker to publish a book of his designs, titled The Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director . It is regarded as the "first comprehensive trade catalogue of its kind". According to The New York Times , "customers could browse, select a design and then order a piece of furniture". Three editions were published, the first in 1754, followed by a virtual reprint in 1755, and finally

1296-403: The following description: The character of the whole locality is working-class. Poverty is everywhere, with a considerable admixture of the very poor and vicious ... Large numbers have been and are still being displaced by the encroachment of warehouses and factories ... Hoxton is known for its costers and Curtain criminals, for its furniture trade ... No servants are kept except in

1344-523: The land between by benefactors, most of whom were City liverymen . Aske's Almshouses were built (to Robert Hooke 's design) on Pitfield Street in 1689 from Robert Aske 's endowment for 20 poor haberdashers and a school for 20 children of freemen . Almshouses endowed by Robert Geffrye were estabslished by the Ironmongers' Company on the Kingsland Road in 1714. The almshouses closed in 1911, with

1392-605: The main Road shopping streets and in a few remaining middle class squares in the west. In Hoxton Street, a plaque marks the location of the Britannia Theatre . This evolved from the former Pimlico tea gardens, a tavern and a saloon, into a 3,000-seat theatre, designed by Finch Hill. Together with the nearby Pollock's Toy Museum , it was destroyed in Second World War bombing. Hoxton Hall , also in Hoxton Street, which survives as

1440-458: The move towards supermarkets and away from the traditional street market meeting all of the community's needs. In 2013 the local business community, working with the council, started work to revive the market and this has attracted great attention and increased trade, complemented by new shops opening along the length of the market. Hoxton is a National Rail station on the East London line of

1488-582: The name are still to be found throughout the area. Both are also considered to be part of the East End of London . Manufacturing developments in the years after the Second World War meant that many of the small industries that characterised Hoxton moved out. By the early 1980s, these industrial lofts and buildings came to be occupied by young artists as inexpensive live/work spaces, while exhibitions, raves and clubs occupied former office and retail space at

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1536-610: The only remains are by Hackney Community College, where a part of the house was incorporated into the school that replaced it in 1921. In the late 17th Century, Hoxton Square and Charles Square were laid out, forming a popular area for residents. Non-conformist sects were attracted to the area, away from the restrictions of the City 's regulations. In the Victorian era the railways made travelling to distant suburbs easier, and this combined with infill building and industrialisation to drive away

1584-508: The remaining pensioners moving to Kent and Hampshire. The LCC took on the almshouses and opened the Geffrye Museum in 1914 to house collections of furniture and wood crafts. Museum of the Home now occupies the site, and following an extensive refurbishment, is a free museum with access directly opposite Hoxton Station. Hoxton House, was established as a private asylum in 1695. It was owned by

1632-530: The settlement are Hochestone, in the Domesday Book in 1086, and Hocston, which is mentioned in a fine of 1220-1221. The name is likely to derive from the possessive form of a person's name, possibly Hocg , and the Old English word tun , meaning a fortified enclosure, village, or manor . Little is recorded of the origins of the settlement, though there was Roman activity around Ermine Street , which ran to

1680-555: The studios, and films including The Lady Vanishes and The Wicked Lady were shot there. The studios operated there from 1924 to 1951, and were demolished in 2002, replaced by a modern apartment block, also named Gainsborough Studios. The Stag's Head, Hoxton was built in 1936 for Truman's Brewery , and designed by their in-house architect A. E. Sewell . With a new-found popularity, large parts of Hoxton have been gentrified . This has inevitably aroused hostility among some local residents, who believe they are being priced out of

1728-516: The style of the original facade but expanding vertically to include residential properties. Planning permission for the refurbishment took a considerable time due to local opposition to the design. The cinema plans to open in 2019. The National Centre for Circus Arts is based in the former vestry of St Leonard Shoreditch Electric Light Station, just to the north of Hoxton Market. Inside, the "Generating Chamber" and "Combustion Chamber" provide facilities for circus training and production. The building

1776-492: The unemployment and crime rates, with the exceptions of drug offences, robbery and theft, are relatively high compared to some parts of the borough. Hoxton Street Market is the focal point of this end of the district. The market sells a wide range of household goods during the week and specialises in independent fashion, art and design products on Saturdays. Nearby is the Museum of the Home and Hoxton War Memorial . The Hoxton Trust

1824-636: The wealthier classes, leaving Hoxton a concentration of the poor with many slums. The area became a centre for the furniture trade. In the 1860s Hoxton Square became home to the Augustinian Priory , school and Church of St Monica (architect: E. W. Pugin ) built 1864-66 and the first Augustinian House in England since the Reformation era. Charles Booth in Life and Labour of the People in London of 1902 gave

1872-445: The wood working trades and so he probably received his basic training from his father, though it is believed that he was also trained by Richard Wood in York , before he relocated to London. Wood later ordered eight copies of the Director . On 19 May 1748, he married Catherine Redshaw at St George's Chapel, Mayfair and they had five sons and four daughters. During 1749, Chippendale rented

1920-465: Was mahogany ; in seat furniture he always used solid wood rather than veneers . The workshop was continued by his son, Thomas Chippendale, the younger (1749–1822), who worked in the later Neoclassical and Regency styles, "the rather slick delicacy of Adam 's final phase", as Christopher Gilbert assessed it. A bankruptcy and sale of remaining stock in the St. Martin's Lane premises in 1804 did not conclude

1968-784: Was buried 16 November 1779, according to the records of St Martin-in-the-Fields , in the cemetery since built upon by the National Gallery . Chippendale furniture is highly valued; a padouk cabinet that was offered for auction during 2008 sold for £2,729,250. Chippendale was born in Otley in the West Riding of Yorkshire , England in June 1718. He was baptised on 5 June. He was the only child of John Chippendale (1690–1768), joiner, and his first wife Mary (née Drake; 1693–1729). He received an elementary education at Prince Henry's Grammar School, Otley . The Chippendale family had long been involved with

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2016-497: Was buried at St Martin-in-the-Fields on 16 November 1779. There is a statue and memorial plaque dedicated to Chippendale outside The Old Grammar School Gallery in Manor Square, in his home town of Otley , near Leeds , Yorkshire. There is a full-size sculpted figure of Thomas Chippendale on the façade of the Victoria and Albert Museum , London. After working as a journeyman cabinet maker in London, during 1754, he became

2064-618: Was constructed by the Vestry in 1895 to burn local rubbish and generate electricity. It also provided steam to heat the public baths. This replaced an earlier facility providing gas-light, located in Shoreditch . Gainsborough Studios were located in a former power station, in Poole Street, by the Regents Canal . Alfred Hitchcock , Michael Balcon , Ivor Novello and Gracie Fields all worked at

2112-410: Was established in 1983 and exists to make the area of Hoxton and Shoreditch a better place for everyone who lives or works there. The award-winning community garden is a private space for the benefit of everyone who lives and works in the area. It is maintained by our volunteers and community gardener and is not a council-run park. Property prices have continued to rise steeply since the early years of

2160-540: Was found in the early hours of 5 November. Most of the conspirators fled on the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot, but Francis Tresham was arrested a few days later at his house in Hoxton. A commemorative plaque is attached to modern flats at the site of Parker's house in Hoxton Street. By the end of the 17th century the nobility's estates began to be broken up. Many of these large houses came to be used as schools, hospitals or mad houses , with almshouses being built on

2208-472: Was imprisoned here by Elizabeth I of England for harbouring Catholic priests. The open fields to the north and west were frequently used for archery practice, and on 22 September 1598 the playwright Ben Jonson fought a fatal duel in Hoxton Fields, killing actor Gabriel Spencer . Jonson was able to prove his literacy, thereby claiming benefit of clergy to escape a hanging. Hoxton's public gardens were

2256-480: Was read aloud at supper, before prominent Catholics, and then he delivered it personally to Robert Cecil at Whitehall . While the conspirators were alerted, by the public reading, to the existence of the letter they persevered with their plot as their gunpowder remained undiscovered. William Parker accompanied Thomas Howard , the Lord Chamberlain , at his visit to the undercroft of Parliament, where Guy Fawkes

2304-614: Was used by many other cabinet makers. Consequently, recognisably "Chippendale" furniture was produced in Dublin, Philadelphia, Lisbon, Copenhagen and Hamburg. Catherine the Great and Louis XVI both possessed copies of the Director in its French edition. The Director shows four main styles: English with deep carving, elaborate French rococo in the style of Louis XV furniture, Chinese style with latticework and lacquer, and Gothic with pointed arches, quatrefoils and fret-worked legs. His favourite wood

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