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104-587: Because the Chinese mainland was in the midst of the Cultural Revolution at that time, under the slogan of "shattering the old and building the new", a significant amount of Chinese cultural heritage was greatly damaged, and mainland Chinese cultural and intellectual circles were destroyed. The Government of the Republic of China then raised the banner of reviving Chinese culture, in an attempt to establish itself as

208-480: A "Message to the Youth" on Youth Day , proposing to "serve the country with science and develop the essence of national culture. Ethics, democracy and science are linked together. If democracy does not flourish, science and ethics will not flourish. In national construction, the development of science is the first priority. We should be proud of being a Chinese, responsible for the nation and the human race." April 30, 1968,

312-639: A Message to the Compatriots of the whole Country on Sun Zhongshan 's birthday and the Festival of the Revival of Chinese Culture, proposing to "revive Chinese culture, create a new era of the Three People's Principles, carry forward the spirit of ethics, science and democracy, clarify ethics and righteousness, and know shame; To carry out the constitutionalism of the Three People's Principles, we should start from promoting

416-761: A STEM unit in January 2014, dedicated to igniting students' passion for STEM. To further enrich students' learning experiences, their Industrial Partnership Programme (IPP) creates opportunities for students to get early exposure to real-world STEM industries and careers. Curriculum specialists and STEM educators from the Science Centre will work hand-in-hand with teachers to co-develop STEM lessons, provide training to teachers, and co-teach such lessons to provide students with early exposure and develop their interest in STEM. In 2017, Thai Education Minister Teerakiat Jareonsettasin said after

520-465: A document titled Promotion of STEM Education , which proposes strategies and recommendations for promoting STEM education. India is next only to China with STEM graduates per population of 1 to 52. The total number of fresh STEM graduates was 2.6 million in 2016. STEM graduates have been contributing to the Indian economy with well-paid salaries locally and abroad for the past two decades. The turnaround of

624-492: A large number of ancient books were edited to make the text plain and easy to understand, so that ordinary people could understand them. A large number of ancient Chinese classics were photocopied and published, contributing to the preservation of the achievements of Chinese civilization. To compile an overview of Chinese culture, a goal was to publish the works of 100 Chinese thinkers of all dynasties, comment on their lives, thoughts, activities, and their influence, so as to enable

728-549: A mere 14% In India, OMOTEC is providing an innovative curriculum based on STEM, and their students are also performing and developing products to solve the new age problems. Two students also won the Microsoft Imagine Cup for developing a non-invasive method to screen for skin cancer using artificial intelligence. In Nigeria, the Association of Professional Women Engineers Of Nigeria (APWEN) has involved girls between

832-455: A more racially and gender-diverse field. Some evidence suggests that all students, including black and Hispanic students, have a better chance of earning a STEM degree if they attend a college or university at which their entering academic credentials are at least as high as the average student's. Although women make up 47% of the workforce in the U.S., they hold only 24% of STEM jobs. Research suggests that exposing girls to female inventors at

936-617: A new neutral culture that can benefit mankind. Under the supervision of Jiang, the committee established a number of specialized organizations and committees, such as the Committee for the Promotion of Academic Publication, which was responsible for editing and publishing ancient Chinese books and popularizing academic study for the younger generation. For example, Zhouyijin, Laozi , The Book of Songs, Menzi, Baihua Historical Records, and Zizhi Tongjian were given new vernacular translations. In addition,

1040-567: A peaceful, happy and prosperous society. Foster law-abiding and orderly spirit among the people, promote local autonomy, and develop the national spirit. Inherit excellent cultural traditions, clear rites and righteousness, emphasize honesty and know shame". On December 25, 1969, Jiang Zhongzheng wrote to the delegates of the National Congress on the anniversary of the Constitution: "Strive to promote democratic constitutionalism, expounding

1144-601: A phenomenon known as "chilly climates" which refers to incidents of sexism , isolation, and pressure to prove themselves to peers and high level academics. For minority populations in STEM, loneliness is experienced due to lack of belonging and social isolation. In the State of the Union Address on January 31, 2006, President George W. Bush announced the American Competitiveness Initiative . Bush proposed

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1248-555: A reference to the shortage of skilled workers and inadequate education in these areas. The term tends not to refer to the non-professional and less visible sectors of the fields, such as electronics assembly line work. Many organizations in the United States follow the guidelines of the National Science Foundation on what constitutes a STEM field. The NSF uses a broad definition of STEM subjects that includes subjects in

1352-586: A result of the civil war. However, because they are not controlled by the PRC, they are not included as part of "mainland China." Hong Kong and Macau have been territories of the PRC since 1997 and 1999 respectively. However, due to the One Country, Two Systems policy, the two regions maintain a degree of autonomy, hence they are not governed as part of mainland China. Geographically speaking, Hong Kong and Macau are both connected to mainland China in certain areas (e.g.

1456-445: A shortage of STEM-educated citizens can reduce effectiveness in this area), and immigration policy, with regard to admitting foreign students and tech workers. There is no universal agreement on which disciplines are included in STEM; in particular, whether or not the science in STEM includes social sciences , such as psychology , sociology , economics , and political science . In the United States, these are typically included by

1560-506: A training system is yet to be established." Several Chinese cities have taken bold measures to add programming as a compulsory course for elementary and middle school students. This is the case of the city of Chongqing. However, most students from small and medium-sized cities have not been exposed to the concept of STEM until they enter college. Several European projects have promoted STEM education and careers in Europe. For instance, Scientix

1664-1063: A young age has the potential to reduce the gender gap in technical STEM fields by half. Campaigns from organizations like the National Inventors Hall of Fame aimed to achieve a 50/50 gender balance in their youth STEM programs by 2020. The gender gap in Zimbabwe's STEM fields is also significant, with only 28.79% of women holding STEM degrees compared to 71.21% of men. STEM fields have been recognized as areas where underrepresentation and exclusion of marginalized groups are prevalent. STEM poses unique challenges related to intersectionality due to rigid norms and stereotypes , both in higher education and professional settings. These norms often prioritize objectivity and meritocracy while overlooking structural inequities, creating environments where individuals with intersecting marginalized identities face compounded barriers. For instance, individuals from traditionally underrepresented groups may experience

1768-439: Is a European cooperation of STEM teachers, education scientists, and policymakers. The SciChallenge project used a social media contest and student-generated content to increase the motivation of pre-university students for STEM education and careers. The Erasmus programme project AutoSTEM used automata to introduce STEM subjects to very young children. The LUMA Center is the leading advocate for STEM-oriented education. Its aim

1872-401: Is a coalition of academicians and teachers who show an effort to increase the quality of education in STEM fields rather than focussing on increasing the number of STEM graduates. In the United States, the acronym began to be used in education and immigration debates in initiatives to begin to address the perceived lack of qualified candidates for high-tech jobs. It also addresses concern that

1976-516: Is also a portmanteau from lu and ma . To address the decline in interest in learning the areas of science, the Finnish National Board of Education launched the LUMA scientific education development program. The project's main goal was to raise the level of Finnish education and to enhance students' competencies, improve educational practices, and foster interest in science. The initiative led to

2080-415: Is as follows: The committee set forth the proposition that culture is the representation of life, and that the cultivation of ethics and the development of morality should start with the guidance of people's lives, so that the people understand the principle of living, acting, and treating others. The true meaning of ethics should be embodied in the daily life of the people. An establishment of relevant norms

2184-715: Is critical to ensuring that all young Australians are equipped with the necessary STEM skills and knowledge that they must need to succeed." Its goals were to: Events and programs meant to help develop STEM in Australian schools include the Victorian Model Solar Vehicle Challenge , the Maths Challenge (Australian Mathematics Trust), Go Girl Go Global and the Australian Informatics Olympiad. Canada ranks 12th out of 16 peer countries in

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2288-791: Is part of the Applied Learning Programme (ALP) that the Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE) has been promoting since 2013, and currently, all secondary schools have such a program. It is expected that by 2023, all primary schools in Singapore will have an ALP. There are no tests or exams for ALPs. The emphasis is for students to learn through experimentation – they try, fail, try, learn from it, and try again. The MOE actively supports schools with ALPs to further enhance and strengthen their capabilities and programs that nurture innovation and creativity. The Singapore Science Centre established

2392-473: Is so that the interaction between people will have a certain standard scale and appropriate basis. The committee also promulgated and implemented the Guidelines for National Life, which set out 99 specific rules covering such areas as clothing, food, housing, travel, and entertainment as guidelines for national life. The National Life Counseling Committee was responsible for promoting ethics and morals, initiating

2496-406: Is to promote the instruction and research of natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, and technology across all educational levels in the country. In the native tongue luma stands for "luonnontieteellis-matemaattinen" (lit. adj. "scientific-mathematical"). The short is more or less a direct translation of STEM , with engineering fields included by association. However, unlike STEM, the term

2600-490: Is to promote the specific behavior of ethics and morality, in order to show the national spirit of loyalty, filial piety, and kindness. Another goal is to advocate the democratic consciousness of anti-communism, anti-slavery, and anti-persecution in order to stabilize the democratic thought and system. A third goal is to develop science and technology and promote scientific and technological progress in order to realize national modernization and modern civilization. The specific plan

2704-509: The Department of Education or DepEd. The STEM strand is under the Academic Track, which also includes other strands like ABM, HUMSS, and GAS. The purpose of the STEM strand is to educate students in the field of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, in an interdisciplinary and applied approach, and to give students advanced knowledge and application in the field. After completing

2808-737: The Legislative Yuan the policy of promoting the Cultural Revival Movement. On April 9, Chiang Zhongzheng sent a letter to the annual meeting of the Confucius and Mencius Society, saying that carrying forward Confucius and Mencius theory would help implement the Three Principles of the People, reform people's lives, and realize a cultural renaissance. On July 28, a conference was held at Zhongshan Building, Yangming Mountain. The meeting adopted

2912-483: The National Science Foundation (NSF), the Department of Labor 's O*Net online database for job seekers, and the Department of Homeland Security . In the United Kingdom, the social sciences are categorized separately and are instead grouped with humanities and arts to form another counterpart acronym HASS (humanities, arts, and social sciences), rebranded in 2020 as SHAPE (social sciences, humanities and

3016-512: The New China 's Three Principles of ethics, democracy, scientific social blueprint, is to lead to cultural integration." In the whole Chinese cultural Renaissance movement, the committee's goal was "to sort out the traditional culture and save the weeds. At the same time, the essence of Western culture is selected, absorbed and adopted, and the Chinese and Western cultures are integrated, so as to create

3120-671: The People's Liberation Army had largely defeated the Kuomintang (KMT)'s National Revolutionary Army in the Chinese Civil War . This forced the Kuomintang to relocate the government and institution of the Republic of China to the relative safety of Taiwan , an island which was placed under its control after the surrender of Japan at the end of World War II in 1945. With the establishment of

3224-621: The Schulich Leader Scholarships , $ 100 million in $ 60,000 scholarships for students beginning their university education in a STEM program at 20 institutions across Canada. Each year 40 Canadian students would be selected to receive the award, two at each institution, with the goal of attracting gifted youth into the STEM fields. The program also supplies STEM scholarships to five participating universities in Israel . To promote STEM in China,

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3328-538: The inland but still translated mainland in English, is commonly applied by SAR governments to represent non-SAR areas of PRC, including Hainan province and coastal regions of mainland China, such as "Constitutional and Mainland Affairs" ( 政制及內地事務局 ) and Immigration Departments. In the Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (as well as the Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement )

3432-415: The "Youth Practice Campaign to Revitalize Chinese Culture" and formulating the "Instructions for National Life", which sets out basic requirements for People's Daily life, with a view to promoting the civilization of a country of rites and ceremonies. The Model of National Etiquette was revised and formally issued in 1970, expanding the cultivation of young people as the ideal of social life. To carry forward

3536-457: The 11th and 12th grades, more commonly referred to as first and second year, culminating in Intermediate exams. These electives are FSc pre- medical (Physics, Chemistry, Biology), FSc pre- engineering (Physics, Chemistry, Maths), and ICS (Physics/Statistics, Computer Science, Maths). These electives are intended to aid students in pursuing STEM-related careers in the future by preparing them for

3640-510: The 2015 run of the international assessment test the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), American students came out 35th in mathematics, 24th in reading, and 25th in science, out of 109 countries. The United States also ranked 29th in the percentage of 24-year-olds with science or mathematics degrees. STEM education often uses new technologies such as 3D printers to encourage interest in STEM fields. STEM education can also leverage

3744-644: The 49th Southeast Asia Ministers of Education Organisation (SEAMEO) Council Conference in Jakarta that the meeting approved the establishment of two new SEAMEO regional centers in Thailand. One would be the STEM Education Centre, while the other would be a Sufficient Economy Learning Centre. Teerakiat said that the Thai government had already allocated Bt250 million over five years for the new STEM center. The center will be

3848-626: The CPG also uses the Chinese characters 内地 "inner land", with the note that they refer to the "customs territory of China". References to the PRC and other lost continental territories as the mainland began appearing in Taiwan state documents as early as 1954. Legal definitions followed in the 1990s. The 1991 Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China stated that "the handling of people's rights and obligations and other affairs between

3952-505: The Center for Advanced Materials (CAM) at Qatar University . Each year around 946 students, from about 40 high schools, participate in AL-Bairaq competitions. AL-Bairaq makes use of project-based learning, encourages students to solve authentic problems, and inquires them to work with each other as a team to build real solutions. Research has so far shown positive results for the program. STEM

4056-670: The Center for the Advancement of Hispanics in Science and Engineering Education (CAHSEE) and started a summer program for talented under-represented students in the Washington, D.C. area called the STEM Institute. Based on the program's recognized success and his expertise in STEM education, Charles Vela was asked to serve on numerous NSF and Congressional panels in science, mathematics, and engineering education. Previously referred to as SMET by

4160-606: The Central Committee of the Kuomintang of China promulgated the Measures for Promoting the Chinese Cultural Revival Movement, proposing to strengthen academic research, promote social life, organize literary and artistic activities, cooperate in education, advocate mass communication, and strengthen women's work. Measures were also promulgated to strengthen the education of the Three People's Principles, strengthen

4264-412: The Chinese government issued a guideline in 2016 on national innovation-driven development strategy, "instructing that by 2020, China should become an innovative country; by 2030, it should be at the forefront of innovative countries; and by 2050, it should become a technology innovation power." "[I]n May 2018, the launching ceremony and press conference for the 2029 Action Plan for China's STEM Education

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4368-685: The Chinese people to have a deeper understanding of the evolution of Chinese academic thought. The movement ompiled and printed stories of loyal and filial figures in the past dynasties of China (100) and selected writings of loyal and filial piety to carry forward the style of national cultural humanistic spirit. To re-translate the Four Books from English and distribute them overseas to enhance international scholars' understanding and appreciation of Chinese culture. To translate and publish western classics, about politics, economics, society, science, and other fields, such as Science and Civilisation in China by

4472-561: The Collection of Essays on Chinese Cultural Renaissance, and the Research and Development of the standard Template book, and other books have been published. Introduce new science and technology and absorb new scientific knowledge to strengthen the modernization of the country. Academic collaboration is necessary to promote Chinese culture and a necessary method to integrate Chinese and Western cultures. Encourage literature and art: one goal

4576-836: The Committee for the Promotion of the Chinese Revival Movement issued the "Instructions for National Life". On October 15, the Committee for the Promotion of the China Renaissance Movement set several priorities for its work: promoting guidelines for people's life, strengthening physical education, formulating etiquette for people's lives, carrying out education reform, setting up standard centers for literary and artistic activities, establishing large-scale national social education centers, sorting out Chinese operas and music, translating and interpreting ancient books as national readings, and translating and introducing world classics. On November 12, 1968, Jiang Zhongzheng issued

4680-842: The English historian Joseph Needham . The Chinese Science and Technology Series, the Bibliography of Zhou-Qin, Han and Wei Scholars, the Selected Essays on Chinese History, the History of Chinese Humanities and Social Sciences Series, The Legal System in Modern China, the Western Translation Bibliography of Chinese Literature, the Album of Modernization and Chinese Cultural Renaissance, the General Bibliography of Chinese Culture,

4784-685: The Fifth Plenary session of the Ninth CPC Central Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang adopted a resolution: to carry forward the traditional Chinese culture, respect personality independence, respect democracy and freedom, implement land for the tiller, promote social welfare, safeguard the freedom of choosing a career, maintain family ethical relations, freedom of religious belief, equality of all nationalities, and maintain international peace. On March 29, 1968, Jiang Zhongzheng issued

4888-400: The Indian economy with comfortable foreign exchange reserves is mainly attributed to the skills of its STEM graduates. In India, women make up an impressive 43% of STEM graduates, the highest percentage worldwide. However, they hold only 14% of STEM-related jobs. Additionally, among the 280,000 scientists and engineers working in research and development institutes in the country, women represent

4992-601: The Meng Clan Association also planned to build a Mencius Temple near the Golden Dragon Temple in the Neihu District. Mainland China " Mainland China ", also referred to as " the Chinese mainland ", is a geopolitical term defined as the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War . In addition to the geographical mainland,

5096-565: The NSF, it is through this manner that NSF was first introduced to the acronym STEM. One of the first NSF projects to use the acronym was STEMTEC, the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Teacher Education Collaborative at the University of Massachusetts Amherst , which was founded in 1998. In 2001, at the urging of Dr. Peter Faletra, the Director of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists at

5200-533: The National Science Foundation found that the average science score on the 2011 National Assessment of Educational Progress was lower for black and Hispanic students than for white, Asian, and Pacific Islanders. In 2011, eleven percent of the U.S. workforce was black, while only six percent of STEM workers were black. Though STEM in the U.S. has typically been dominated by white males, there have been considerable efforts to create initiatives to make STEM

5304-578: The OPT program, international students who graduate from colleges and universities in the United States can stay in the country and receive up to twelve months of training through work experience. Students who graduate from a designated STEM degree program can stay for an additional seventeen months on an OPT STEM extension. As of 2023, the U.S. faces a shortage of high-skilled workers in STEM, and foreign talents must navigate difficult hurdles to immigrate. Meanwhile, some other countries, such as Australia, Canada, and

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5408-664: The Office of Science, the acronym was adopted by Rita Colwell and other science administrators in the National Science Foundation (NSF). The Office of Science was also an early adopter of the STEM acronym. By the mid-2000s, China surpassed the United States in the number of PhDs awarded and is expected to produce 77,000 PhDs in 2025, compared to 40,000 in the US. The Australian Curriculum, Assessment, and Reporting Authority 2015 report entitled, National STEM School Education Strategy , stated that "A renewed national focus on STEM in school education

5512-411: The PRC referring to itself as the "mainland side" dealing with the "Taiwan side"). In fact, the PRC government mandates that journalists use “Taiwan” and “the Mainland” (Dàlù) as corresponding concepts. But in terms of Hong Kong and Macau, the PRC government refers to itself as "the Central People's Government". In the People's Republic of China, the term 内地 (Nèidì, 'inland') is often contrasted with

5616-409: The People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949, the CCP-controlled government saw itself as the sole legitimate government of China, competing with the claims of the Republic of China, whose authority is now limited to Taiwan and other islands . This resulted in a situation in which two co-existing governments competed for international legitimacy and recognition as the "government of China". With

5720-456: The People's Republic of China. The Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People's Republic of China ( Chinese : 中华人民共和国出境入境管理法 ) defines two terms in Chinese that are translated to "mainland": In the PRC, usage of the two terms is not strictly interchangeable. To emphasise the One-China policy and not give the ROC "equal footing" in cross-strait relations , the term must be used in PRC's official contexts with reference to Taiwan (with

5824-449: The People, which is also the cornerstone of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation." At that time, all the participants in the memorial meeting, then jointly signed a petition to the government to designate November 12 as the anniversary of the father's birthday, as well as the Chinese Culture Renaissance Festival. On December 25, 1966, Jiang Zhongzheng presided over the meeting of the " National Assembly Constitutional Studies ". At

5928-403: The Regulations on People Relations between Taiwan and mainland China defined the mainland as areas claimed but not controlled by the ROC, corresponding to "areas under control of the Chinese Communists " (within the de facto borders of the People's Republic of China ). Views of the term "mainland China" ( 中國大陸 ) vary on Taiwan. During the Dangguo era , the KMT had previously referred to

6032-401: The United Kingdom, have introduced programs to attract talent at the expense of the United States. In the case of China, the United States risks losing its edge over a strategic rival . By cultivating an interest in the natural and social sciences in preschool or immediately following school entry, the chances of STEM success in high school can be greatly improved. STEM supports broadening

6136-421: The United States follow the guidelines of the National Science Foundation on what constitutes a STEM field, the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has its own functional definition used for immigration policy. In 2012, DHS or ICE announced an expanded list of STEM-designated degree programs that qualify eligible graduates on student visas for an optional practical training (OPT) extension. Under

6240-672: The ages of 12 and 19 in science-based courses in order for them to pursue science-based courses in higher institutions of learning. The National Science Foundation (NSF) In Nigeria has made conscious efforts to encourage girls to innovate, invent, and build through the "invent it, build it" program sponsored by NNPC. STEM subjects are taught in Pakistan as part of electives taken in the 9th and 10th grades, culminating in Matriculation exams. These electives are pure sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Biology), mathematics (Physics, Chemistry, Maths), and computer science (Physics, Chemistry, Computer Science). STEM subjects are also offered as electives taken in

6344-417: The ages of 9 and 14. The KPITBs Early Age Programming initiative, established in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , has been successfully introduced in 225 Elementary and Secondary Schools. Many private organizations are working in Pakistan to introduce STEM education in schools. In the Philippines , STEM is a two-year program and strand that is used for Senior High School (Grades 11 and 12), assigned by

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6448-417: The arts for people and the economy). Some sources also use HEAL (health, education, administration, and literacy) as the counterpart of STEM. In the early 1990s the acronym STEM was used by a variety of educators. Beverly Schwartz developed a STEM mentoring program in the Capital District of New York State, and was using the acronym as early as February, 1992. Charles E. Vela was the founder and director of

6552-595: The combination of new technologies, such as photovoltaics and environmental sensors , with old technologies such as composting systems and irrigation within land lab environments. In 2006 the United States National Academies expressed their concern about the declining state of STEM education in the United States. Its Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy developed a list of 10 actions. Their top three recommendations were to: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration also has implemented programs and curricula to advance STEM education to replenish

6656-482: The committee focused on the advocacy and implementation of sports for all, the cooperation and application of teams, the improvement of sports facilities in schools and society, the strengthening of training and activities of sports organizations and teams, and the frequent organization of international sports activities and contacts, as well as encouraging sports academic research. Jiang Zhongzheng stated that "harmony between mind, matter, group and oneself, resulting in

6760-724: The concept of combining science and ethics, cultivating moral and spiritual strength, and promoting the sound development of mankind. Master the spirit of benevolence of Chinese culture, eliminate the poison of materialism in the world". On July 29, 1970, the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China issued the "Patriotic and Founding of the country Education Program", which proposed to strengthen teacher education, carry forward national cultural traditions, promote national self-esteem, encourage teachers to further study, develop vocational and technical education, improve junior college education, encourage scholars to return to Taiwan to teach. On July 26, 1971, Jiang Zhongzheng , to further promote

6864-400: The country and dedicating one's heart to the people" to commemorate the Youth Day; to carry forward national morality, culture, tradition and intelligence, the destiny of China should be controlled by the young people. On September 16, 1976, Jiang Jingguo delivered a policy address at the Legislative Yuan, stressing that "the way of education lies in consolidating the foundation of the country,

6968-416: The cultural purpose of the integration of the Three People's Principles and Chinese tradition. It stated that "the thought of the Three People's Principles is not only the convergence of Chinese culture, but the national revolution of the Three People's Principles is the defender of Chinese national culture". It says, "I firmly believe that ethics, democracy and science are the essence of the Three Principles of

7072-413: The cultural tradition of the Chinese nation and promote the continuous innovation and development of Chinese culture. The committee formulated the "Implementation Plan for the Integration and Development of Chinese Culture and Modern Western Academic Thought" and the "Implementation Plan for the Compilation and Publication of Chinese Culture Series" to affirm the value of Chinese culture. Chiang Kai-shek ,

7176-437: The democratisation of Taiwan in the 1990s and the rise of the Taiwanese independence movement, some people began simply using the term "China" instead. Due to their status as colonies of foreign states during the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the phrase "mainland China" excludes Hong Kong and Macau . Since the return of Hong Kong and Macau to Chinese sovereignty in 1997 and 1999 , respectively,

7280-418: The development of the movement, put forward at the fourth meeting of the Committee for the implementation of the Chinese Cultural Renaissance Movement: "Keeping to the classics and abiding by them, innovating and adapting to new conditions, reviewing the past and learning the new, if one wishes to make new changes day by day, difficulties will revitalize the country, and sorrow will revitalize the saints." "From

7384-427: The establishment of 13 LUMA centers at universities across Finland supervised by LUMA Center. The name of STEM in France is industrial engineering sciences (sciences industrielles or sciences de l'ingénieur). The STEM organization in France is the association UPSTI. STEM education has not been promoted among the local schools in Hong Kong until recent years. In November 2015, the Education Bureau of Hong Kong released

7488-899: The fields of chemistry , computer and information technology science, engineering, geoscience, life sciences, mathematical sciences, physics and astronomy, social sciences ( anthropology , economics , psychology , and sociology ), and STEM education and learning research. The NSF is the only American federal agency whose mission includes support for all fields of fundamental science and engineering, except for medical sciences. Its disciplinary program areas include scholarships, grants, and fellowships in fields such as biological sciences, computer and information science and engineering, education and human resources, engineering, environmental research and education, geoscience, international science and engineering, mathematical and physical sciences, social, behavioral and economic sciences, cyberinfrastructure, and polar programs. Although many organizations in

7592-656: The foundation of administration lies in serving the people, and working together to create a pure and simple society". In the late 1970s, in response to the Chinese cultural renaissance movement, the Yan Clan Association in Taiwan began to build the Yan Zi Temple in Songshan District , Taipei City . The Zheng clan Association established the Kaitai Shengwang Chenggong Temple in Neihu District;

7696-672: The free area and the mainland can be specially stipulated by law", and used the legal term "mainland area" without defining its geographical boundaries. The 1992 Regulations on the Relations between the People in Taiwan and the Mainland defined "Taiwan" as areas controlled by the ROC and "mainland" as "the territory of the Republic of China." The related Cross-Strait Act called those under PRC jurisdiction - excluding those in Hong Kong and Macau - as "people of

7800-501: The geopolitical sense of the term includes islands such as Hainan , Chongming , and Zhoushan . By convention, territories outside of mainland China include: In Taiwan it is also often used to refer to all territories administered by the PRC. The term is widely used in all of the above territories as well as internationally, including by many Overseas Chinese communities. In 1949, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and

7904-491: The implementation and adaptation of science and technology." The Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology has initiated a STEM Education Network. Its goals are to promote integrated learning activities improve student creativity and application of knowledge, and establish a network of organations and personnel for the promotion of STEM education in the country. Turkish STEM Education Task Force (or FeTeMM—Fen Bilimleri, Teknoloji, Mühendislik ve Matematik)

8008-500: The initiative to address shortfalls in federal government support of educational development and progress at all academic levels in the STEM fields. In detail, the initiative called for significant increases in federal funding for advanced R&D programs (including a doubling of federal funding support for advanced research in the physical sciences through DOE ) and an increase in U.S. higher education graduates within STEM disciplines. The NASA Means Business competition, sponsored by

8112-684: The mainland area", and used " free area of the Republic of China " to describe areas under ROC control. The issue on the mainland's territory also stated in the Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 328 in 1993. In 2012, the Supreme Court of the Republic of China 's judgment #900 labeled the Macao Special Administrative Region as the "Mainland's Macau Area". The 2002 amendments to the Implementation Rules of

8216-645: The meeting, the launch of a campaign was announced, that would to revive Chinese culture, implement the Three Principles of the People , and awaken rational conscience by virtue of traditional humanistic spirit and ethical concepts. On December 26, the Fourth Plenary session of the ninth CPC Central Committee was held in Taipei , Taiwan Province . The meeting adopted a plan for the Chinese Cultural Revival Movement. On February 14, 1967, Premier Yim Ka-kam proposed to

8320-580: The movement and served as the president for the cultural renaissance. Chiang announced ten goals: On November 12, 1966, the centenary of Sun Yat-sen's birth, at the inauguration ceremony of the newly built Zhongshan Building Chinese Culture Hall on Yangming Mountain in Taipei , Chiang Zhongzheng published the Commemorative Paper of the inauguration of the Zhongshan Building Chinese Culture Hall, which continued to promote

8424-469: The north of the New Territories ). Additionally, the islands contained within Hong Kong (e.g. Hong Kong Island ) and Macau are much closer to mainland China than Taiwan and Hainan, and are much smaller. In Hong Kong and Macau, the terms "mainland China" and "mainlander" are frequently used for people from PRC-governed areas (i.e. not Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau). The Chinese term Neidi ( 內地 ), meaning

8528-504: The overall perspective, from the practical focus, develop team spirit, establish a love for the people, convenient atmosphere; All governance to carry forward the national interests, to develop the national spirit, under the banner of the Three People's Principles of unity at home and abroad", was the proposal Jiang Jingguo made in a June 13, 1972, policy address at the Legislative Yuan . The Republic of China's Society of Confucius and Mencius convened on April 22, 1973. Jiang Zhongzheng made

8632-860: The percentage of its graduates who studied in STEM programs, with 21.2%, a number higher than the United States, but lower than France , Germany , and Austria . The peer country with the greatest proportion of STEM graduates, Finland , has over 30% of its university graduates coming from science, mathematics, computer science, and engineering programs. SHAD is an annual Canadian summer enrichment program for high-achieving high school students in July. The program focuses on academic learning, particularly in STEAM fields . Scouts Canada has taken similar measures to their American counterpart to promote STEM fields to youth. Their STEM program began in 2015. In 2011 Canadian entrepreneur and philanthropist Seymour Schulich established

8736-467: The political status of the PRC and ROC. Science and technology Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics ( STEM ) is an umbrella term used to group together the distinct but related technical disciplines of science , technology , engineering , and mathematics . The term is typically used in the context of education policy or curriculum choices in schools. It has implications for workforce development, national security concerns (as

8840-580: The politics of integrity and energy. Together we can save our country, compatriots and culture." On April 8, 1969, the tenth plenary session of the Chinese Nationalist Party passed the "Program of Social Construction at the present stage" express "social construction objectives: carry forward scientific function, cultivate enterprise spirit. Use human resources to strengthen social welfare measures, establish social security, seek social development, balance social construction, balance wealth, and build

8944-538: The pool of scientists, engineers, and mathematicians who will lead space exploration in the 21st century. Individual states, such as California , have run pilot after-school STEM programs to learn what the most promising practices are and how to implement them to increase the chance of student success. Another state to invest in STEM education is Florida, where Florida Polytechnic University, Florida's first public university for engineering and technology dedicated to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM),

9048-468: The program and constitution of the "Chinese Cultural Renaissance Movement" and elected officers of the organization. The Executive Yuan of the Republic of China established the "China Renewal Movement Committee", with Chiang Zhongzheng as the chairman, and Sun Ke , Wang Yunwu , Qian Mu , Yu Bin , Zuo Shunsheng, Lin Yutang , Wang Shixian, Qian Siliang , and Xie Dongmin as the presidium. On July 30, 1967,

9152-433: The program, the students will earn a Diploma in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. In some colleges and universities, they require students applying for STEM degrees (like medicine, engineering, computer studies, etc.) to be a graduate of STEM, if not, they will need to enter a bridging program. In Qatar , AL-Bairaq is an outreach program to high-school students with a curriculum that focuses on STEM, run by

9256-519: The regional institution responsible for STEM education promotion. It will not only set up policies to improve STEM education, but it will also be the center for information and experience sharing among the member countries and education experts. According to him, "This is the first SEAMEO regional center for STEM education, as the existing science education center in Malaysia only focuses on the academic perspective. Our STEM education center will also prioritize

9360-474: The rest of the PRC. Nonetheless, Hainanese people still refer to the geographic mainland as "the mainland" and call its residents "mainlanders". Before 1949, the Kinmen and Matsu islands, were jointly governed with the rest of Fujian Province under successive Chinese governments. The two territories are generally considered to belong to the same historical region, Fujian Province, which has been divided since 1949 as

9464-532: The same time, increase the scientific and technological education of students, in addition to cultivating vocational skills in national middle schools and high schools . Develop vocational schools , so as to meet the needs of construction and production work. The Chinese Cultural Renaissance Association established the Scientific and Technological Research and Invention Award to support scientific and technological inventions made by ordinary people. In terms of sports,

9568-417: The study of engineering within each of the other subjects and beginning engineering at younger grades, even elementary school. It also brings STEM education to all students rather than only the gifted programs. In his 2012 budget, President Barack Obama renamed and broadened the " Mathematics and Science Partnership (MSP) " to award block grants to states for improving teacher education in those subjects. In

9672-523: The study of these courses at university. A STEM education project has been approved by the government to establish STEM labs in public schools. The Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunication has collaborated with Google to launch Pakistan's first grassroots-level Coding Skills Development Program, based on Google's CS First Program, a global initiative aimed at developing coding skills in children. The program aims to develop applied coding skills using gamification techniques for children between

9776-435: The subjects are often taught in isolation, instead of as an integrated curriculum. Maintaining a citizenry that is well-versed in the STEM fields is a key portion of the public education agenda of the United States. The acronym has been widely used in the immigration debate regarding access to United States work visas for immigrants who are skilled in these fields. It has also become commonplace in education discussions as

9880-447: The successor and defender of Chinese culture. To promote the general improvement through education and increasing national employment opportunities. In terms of education, it calls for attaching equal importance to moral, intellectual, physical, and social education; attaching importance to life education and revising textbooks on life education for primary and middle school students; and focusing on ethics in students' daily life. At

9984-598: The suggestion that "Chinese people should be clear in etiquette and law-abiding, practice benevolence and justice, and take Confucius and Mencius as the source of the Three Principles of the People". On December 17, Jiang Zhongzheng told his compatriots to expand the movement of good people and good deeds, saying that the development of humanity is the best weapon, and the Republic of China is engaged in spiritual, cultural and ideological warfare with humanism to attack people's hearts and spirits. On March 28, 1975, Jiang Jingguo published an article encouraging "Dedicating oneself to

10088-492: The term 境外 ('outside the border') for things outside the mainland region. Examples include "Administration of Foreign-funded Banks" ( 中华人民共和国外资银行管理条例 ; 中華人民共和國外資銀行管理條例 ) or the "Measures on Administration of Representative Offices of Foreign Insurance Institutions" ( 外国保险机构驻华代表机构管理办法 ; 外國保險機構駐華代表機構管理辦法 ). Hainan is an island, but is nevertheless commonly considered to be part of the "mainland" politically, because its government, legal and political systems do not differ from

10192-650: The term "China" ( 中國 ). The former term is generally preferred by the Pan-Blue Coalition led by the KMT, while the latter term is preferred by the Pan-Green Coalition led by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), which opposes the term "mainland" and its suggestion that Taiwan is part of China. This has caused many political debates. Other geography-related terms which are used to avoid mentioning

10296-527: The territories under the control of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) by several different names, e.g. "(territory controlled by the) Communist bandits ", "occupied/unfree area (of China)", "Communist China" (as opposed to either "Nationalist China" or "Democratic China"), "Red China" (as opposed to "Blue China"), and "mainland China (area)". In modern times, many of these terms have fallen out of use. The terms "mainland China" ( 中國大陸 ) or "the mainland" ( 大陸 ) still remain in popular use, but some also simply use

10400-459: The then President of the Republic of China launched the movement in November 1966—on the 100th anniversary of Sun Yat-sen 's birthday—by publicly announcing the official start of the renaissance movement. It was the Kuomintang 's first structured plan for cultural development on Taiwan. Chiang himself was the head of the movement promotion council. Future president Lee Teng-hui was also involved in

10504-551: The two territories have retained their legal, political, and economic systems. The territories also have their distinct identities. Therefore, "mainland China" generally continues to exclude these territories, because of the " one country, two systems " policy adopted by the Chinese government towards the regions. The term is also used in economic indicators, such as the IMD Competitiveness Report. International news media often use "China" to refer only to mainland China or

10608-530: The will to fight, and carry forward traditional culture. On August 24, 1967, Sun Ke , Wang Yunwu , and Chen Lifu became vice chairmen of the Committee for Promoting the Rejuvenation of Chinese Culture. Gu Fengxiang was appointed Secretary-General. On August 28, 1967, the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China issued a ten-point directive to promote nine-year national education : On November 21, 1967,

10712-469: Was established. During school, STEM programs have been established for many districts throughout the U.S. Some states include New Jersey , Arizona , Virginia , North Carolina , Texas , and Ohio . Continuing STEM education has expanded to the post-secondary level through masters programs such as the University of Maryland's STEM Program as well as the University of Cincinnati. In the United States,

10816-610: Was held in Beijing, China. This plan aims to allow as many students to benefit from STEM education as possible and equip all students with scientific thinking and the ability to innovate." "In response to encouraging policies by the government, schools in both public and private sectors around the country have begun to carry out STEM education programs." "However, to effectively implement STEM curricula, full-time teachers specializing in STEM education and relevant content to be taught are needed." Currently, "China lacks qualified STEM teachers and

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