Misplaced Pages

#337662

51-518: Chinauta is a coregiment of the municipality of Fusagasugá in the department of Cundinamarca in Colombia. This Cundinamarca Department location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Fusagasug%C3%A1 It was founded in 1592 by Spanish priests . The town located some 56 kilometers from the capital, Bogotá ; borders Pasca , Arbeláez , Tibacuy , Silvania and other municipalities of Sumapaz . Its elevation

102-570: A General Constitutional Assembly, integrated by members of both parties (conservative and liberal). The Assembly convened in Bogotá on January 1, 1905, and its most significant pieces of legislation were: to reform and modernize the Constitution, suppressed the vice-presidency and suppressed the Council of State. Reyes was a professional administrator and social reformer, more than a politician. He sponsored

153-495: A decree on January 8, 1776 that the native villages in the Fusagasugá area, Pandi and Tibacuy, no longer existed, and consolidated them into the present-day city of Pasca . In the wake of this decision, all streets and plazas in the cities were renamed. In 1771, on the direction of the mayor of Fusagasugá, the viceroy Messia de la Zerda ordered the construction of a new avenue, Santafé, which would go from Fusagasugá, passing through

204-578: A firm and centralized organization in the State. With the defeat of radical Liberals and the rise to power by the Conservative party which sought a new centralized constitution of laws, the 1863 Constitution was abolished, and led by President Rafael Nuñez to the Constitution of 1886, which would be in rule for the next hundred years. On November 11th 1885, when the National Constituent Assembly

255-677: A passenger in the Manistí ship bound for Europe. His resignation became official on July 27, 1909. In a voluntary exile, General Rafael Reyes traveled to several continents for 10 years; He resided in France, Spain, and returned to Colombia to spend his last years of life. He died of pneumonia in Bogotá on 18 February 1921. His five years of government were known to his followers as the Quinquenio Reyes and opponents as Dictatorship Reyes. President Rafael Reyes

306-599: A spoken council of war which resulted in the execution of Antoine Petricelli from Haiti and the Jamaican George Davis, a.k.a. " Cocobolo", both of them held responsible for the conflagration of Colón, Panama City. Pedro Prestán, also blamed for the Colón, Panama conflagration, was hanged on August 18th, three months after a council of war led by Pedro Nel Ospina; nevertheless, all the responsibility fell down on Reyes. Meanwhile, President Rafael Nuñez worked in establishing

357-638: A steamship service on the Putumayo River, and Reyes owned at least four steamships, that were named Tundama , Apihi , Larroque and Colombia which transported his company's produce. According to Reyes, his company explored the Napo , Putumayo and Caqueta Rivers , abolished the trafficking of slaves on the Putumayo River, established roads into the interior of Colombia and also fought against slave merchants. After his success in diverse and lengthy explorations, settling towns and discovering unknown rivers throughout

408-475: A variety of reasons. The first church was built in June 1658 by Father Andrés Méndez de Valdivieso. The second church was built by Father Poveda in 1707, and lasted until 1865. The third church was built soon after by Father Antonio Martínez. It was made of bricks, but collapsed on September 19, 1908. The fourth church was begun in its place on June 6, 1909, and was consecrated August 15, 1926, soon after its completion. It

459-478: Is 1389.4 mm. The aridity index of 47.79 corresponds to Semi-arid . There is an average of 1560 sunshine hours per year (130 hours per month) and average evaporation of 1105.9 mm per year. The water supply is largely from local Emserfusa. The municipality has characterized due to its demographic explosion, factors that incide are climate and location near the capital Bogota . According of 2005 census development by Departamento Nacional de Estadistica

510-636: Is 19 °C (66 °F). The relative humidity of the municipality and other climatic subzones of the municipality, is 85%, with monthly highs of 93% and lows of 74%. The average wind speed at 7:00 am is 1.0 m/s, 13:00 2.7 m/s. At 19:00 it is 1.1 m/s, with a monthly maximum of 10.4 m/s; at 13:00 and monthly minimum 0 m/s (calm) at 19:00. The municipality has annual precipitation of over 1,250 mm. The rainy months are March, April, May, October, November, December. The dry months are January, February, June, July, August, September. The total annual precipitation measurement at five stations

561-459: Is 5,669 feet (1,728 m) above sea level, and the average temperature 20 °C (68 °F). The interpretation of the name in Spanish varies from "Mujer que se hace invisible" (Woman who becomes invisible) to "Mujer que se esconde tras la montaña" (Woman who hides herself behind the mountain). However, many people shorten its name to "Fusa" . The city has been named "Tierra Grata" due to

SECTION 10

#1733084800338

612-594: Is Jario Hortúa. Fusagasugá has tended to be a stronghold of the Liberal Party, which has controlled the city's mayoralty most of the time since 1986. Fusagasugá is administratively divided into 6 communes and 5 townships (countryside or rural division), which are further subdivided in wards (barrios) and municipal rural settlement (rural district or vereda ). The total area spreads 206 square kilometres (20,600 ha), 13.03 km (1,303 ha) are urban zone and 190.98 km (19,098 ha) are rural zone. There

663-765: Is a difference and crossing of boundaries between the different jurisdictions of the neighborhoods, the veredas and the Communal Councils. The urban zone has 26 wards (barrios) which have not yet been delimited. In these wards have been developed 226 urbanistic projects. The urban zone spreads 13.03 km (1,303 ha). Centro Commune has 0.63 km (63 ha), Norte 1.48 km (148 ha), Oriental 1.54 km (154 ha), Occidental 4.08 km (408 ha), Sur Oriental 1.49 km (149 ha) and Sur Occidental 3.81 km (381 ha). The rural zone has divided on 6 districts, and 38 subdistricts. 190.98 square kilometres (19,098  ha ). In 2007

714-513: The Amazon rainforest of Brazil , Peru , Ecuador and Colombia , the enterprise went into a decline in 1884: several ships sank down, workforce was diminished due to diseases and migration of personnel. Hermanos Reyes came to an end under dramatic circumstances after de death of his three brothers; Elías Reyes died of a heart condition, Enrique Reyes got the yellow fever , and Nestor Reyes, his younger brother, perished under gruesome circumstances in

765-533: The Civil War of 1884-85 , and due to his courage and skill in warfare he was promoted to General, shortly after. Right in the middle of the war, president Rafael Nuñez gave him the responsibility of leading operations to conquer back Panama as part of the Colombian territory; the mission was originally under command of the general of the division, Gral. Miguel Montoya, but Reyes was the one in actual command. A sea operation

816-573: The United States of America , had declared their independence. This action was supported by President Theodore Roosevelt , who had expressed interest in building an interoceanic canal in this strategic region. There had been a treaty between Colombia and United States of America , the Hay–Herrán Treaty , signed on January 12, 1903, by which the United States would finance, direct and supervise

867-507: The United States of America . In part, the treaty had a provision by which the United States would pay substantial monetary funds in compensation and restitution to Colombia for the loss of the Panamanian territory. Finally, to avoid a war between supporters and opponents secretly handed over the presidency to the general Jorge Holguín Mallarino on 9 June 1909 and once in Santa Marta, went as

918-551: The farms ( Quintas ) located on its territory. And commonly is called The Garden City of Colombia ( "La Ciudad Jardín de Colombia" ) for the production of Orchids . The Sutagao people inhabited the region until the new town was founded by Oídor Bernardino Albornoz between 5–13 February 1592. Not much is known about the previous indigenous residents. During the visit of Oídor Ibarra, there were 759 indigenous people residing in Fusagasugá. When Oídor Aróstequi arrived in February 1760,

969-407: The 1904 presidential elections. In 1904, José Manuel Marroquín president gave him the task to put together an army of one hundred thousand volunteers to battle and win back Panamá. Three Generals were with him in this mission: Pedro Nel Ospina, Lucas Caballero and Jorge Holguín . Due to intelligence information arriving to Bogota regarding the movement and arrangement of new U.S.A. battleships in

1020-507: The Amazon, where he was eaten by the cannibalistic tribe of Witoto people . The steamship Tundama sank near La Sofia and the other surviving ships owned by Reyes were sold. After his brother’s death and the falling prices of Quina, the enterprise of the Reyes Brothers (Hermanos Reyes), came to an end. In 1885, after his enterprise’s fall down, 35-year-old Reyes joined the army to battle in

1071-454: The Andorra ranch, nearby Tocaima, where agriculture gave him back his previously lost wealth. In 1890 he was elected senator and ran for the vice presidency of Colombia in 1892, but lost in the polls. Five years later he took part in the Civil War of 1895 , and later that year, he was named Government Minister by president Miguel Antonio Caro, in spite of an old enmity between them that went back to

SECTION 20

#1733084800338

1122-838: The Pacific and the Caribbean, Colombia’s approach moved away from belligerence to a more diplomatic manner of doing things; the fact that the Mayflower, the North American flagship of the Atlantic and other ten ships were guarding both oceans to impede any Colombian troops to disembark and protect the rebellion of the isthmus, made things lean towards diplomacy and avert going to war against the U.S.A. Colombian Troops were allowed to disembark, thanks to Secretary of State, John M. Hay who authorized them to set foot at Colón, but they were not allowed to be part of

1173-550: The Provisional Government Board to negotiate the devolution of the isthmus; from there, they parted to Washington. In Washington, after learning that the Hay-Banu-Varilla treaty with Panama had been signed, Reyes dissolved the diplomatic commission and gave up any effort to engage into military confrontation against the United States; from Washington, he wrote: December 22. Any type of armed confrontation with

1224-548: The Reyes Brothers) that shipped Quina ( Cinchona officinalis ) from the isolated jungles of the Amazon rainforest and Putumayo River (Colombia) to Europe (Quina was used in the treatment of malaria ). The headquarters for Hermanos Reyes was located on the Upper Putumayo River, at place named La Sofia which was the beginning of a section accessible by steamboats . This enterprise was the first company to establish

1275-475: The U.S.A. must be avoided, do not occupy Panamanian territory. Gather at Panama, 40 war vapors. Imminent risk of war, Medellin, Bogota… terrible situation. Reyes’s troops waited for General’s orders to march down in Panamá. The State of Panama had seceded from Colombia on November 3, 1903, during the administration of President José Manuel Marroquín . The Panamanian troops, aided by military advisers and troops from

1326-544: The construction of a highway between Sibaté, Fusagasugá, and Boquerón. The project's engineer was Enrique Pabón Liévano, a native of Fusagasugá. The project was commenced in 1905 under the administration of President Rafael Reyes but suspended on February 10, 1906 because of an attack by the Barro Colorado. It resumed in March 1913. The highway reached Fusagasugá in 1930 and Arbeláez in 1934. In 1907, an iron and wood bridge

1377-570: The construction of the canal. In the 1904 presidential race, which did not have any Liberal candidates, Reyes ran against another conservator; General Joaquín Fernando Vélez, to whom he would later beat for a narrow difference. With the enormous prestige that Reyes was enjoying after his successful military campaign of 1895 in the North, it seemed obvious that we would be nominated by his party to run for president in 1900. But it did not happen. He would have to wait until four year later. By 1904, Colombia

1428-468: The currency and in 1905 created the Banco Central (central bank). The administration of Reyes, thanks to the treaty of Averbury-Holguín, was able to restructure the nation’s foreign debt. As a result of this treaty, Reyes obtained substantial foreign aid and secured significant international loans to finance his plans of public works and infrastructure. His administration was very protectionist, fomented

1479-549: The eyes of both parties. President Reyes, on December 12, 1904, received a letter from the Speaker of the House of Representative, Dionisio Arango, by which the President was informed that the House could not carry on with its constitutional duties because of a permanent lack of quorum. Thus, President Reyes, under the authority granted to him by the Constitution, closed Congress. He convened

1530-407: The indigenous population had dwindled to 85, and there were 644 new settlers divided among 109 families. On February 19, 1760, a small hospital was established near the church and Father Vicente de Fresneda was given charge of it. During a visit, two officials, Moreno and Escandón, considering the decline in the indigenous population and the corresponding growth in the local settler population, issued

1581-458: The industries of textiles and sugar. He expanded the operation of oil refineries, and the manufacturing of paper, glass and steel. Reyes also encouraged and promoted the growing of banana, coffee and cotton. Some members of the conservative party showed contempt for the way president Reyes had offered reconciliation toward the liberal party, mainly after the civil Thousand Days' War. On February 10, 1906, during his daily morning coach drive through

Chinauta - Misplaced Pages Continue

1632-587: The law to protect the rights of minority social groups; established the Ministry of Public Works; completed the Central Highway and the Ferrocarril de Girardot ; built el Capitolio (the building of Congress or Capitol Hill); created a modern Escuela Militar (Military Academy) with the assistance of highly qualified Chilean officers; restored diplomatic relations with Venezuela ; implemented legislation to stabilize

1683-513: The municipality ranked the tenth place on department according to its economy. The GDP estimated at 2007 is $ 544,984 million. The majority of the regional economy is made up of agriculture and construction services. Aside from these sectors, there has been rapid growth in the service industry because of the strengthening in the sectors of education, health, recreation, and tourism. Local government policies to support agrotechnology have fostered short-term, local development. The municipality has nowadays

1734-419: The nearby town of Sibaté . On August 8, 1774, Father Francisco Escobar announced that Fusagasugá was on the road that passed over the mountains and led to the neighboring towns of Apicalá and Melgar ; such that travelers could not reach Bermajal , located on the same mountain as Fusagasugá, without passing through Fusagasugá. This established the suburb's local importance. In a directive issued August 7, 1846,

1785-409: The neighborhoods of Bogotá with his wife and daughter, they were victims of an assassination attempt. The attempt took place in the neighborhood of Barrocolorado. Fortunately, the first family escaped alive and unhurt. A few weeks later, the perpetrators and masterminds of the assassination attempt were apprehended, tried and executed in the same place where the assassination attempt took place. Due to

1836-587: The past few decades, mainly among children. Rafael Reyes Rafael Reyes Prieto (December 5, 1849 – February 18, 1921) was a Colombian politician and soldier who was the Chief of Staff of the Colombian National Army and President of Colombia (1904–1909). Rafael Reyes was born in Santa Rosa de Viterbo, Boyacá , Colombia on December 5, 1849. He died in Bogotá on February 18, 1921. Rafael Reyes

1887-404: The population is 107,259 inhabitants. 85,008 in the urban town and 22,251 in the rural zone. The proportion of men is 48.1% and the women is 51.9%. Until 2011 its population is growing to annual rate of 2.4%, this indicator is higher than the departamental average of 1.9%. 2018 census recorded Fusagasuga has been mainly Christian . The City Council consists of 17 members. The current mayor

1938-568: The president of the Colombian republic nationally recognized the road from Fusagasugá to the southern provinces, which prompted the construction of a road over the Sumapaz River in Boquerón . In 1852, Fusagasugá became part of the province of Tequendama . On February 9, 1877, a battle took place in the hacienda El Novillero between government forces led by General Mogollón and the rebels led by Colonel Juan Ardila and Lucas Moreno. The first hospital

1989-423: The separation of Panama from Colombia , the relationship between Colombia and the United States of America were very tense and had deteriorated to a very low point. President Reyes, a true diplomat, had pushed towards a treaty of reconciliation to restore diplomatic relations. On January 9, 1909, his administration signed this treaty through his Secretary of State Enrique Cortéz, between Colombia , Panama and

2040-470: The south-west, such as Ibagué , Neiva , or Cali , it is necessary to pass through Fusagasugá when traveling from the north. From the highway, you can see greenhouses, plant and flower stores, handcrafted rustic furniture stores, and local restaurants. Fusagasugá was once home to the soccer team Expreso Rojo , which plays in the Colombian second division. Cycling is a renowned sport in the Fusagasugá. Remarkable growth in roller-skating has happened within

2091-890: The third category . In 2003 there were 97 schools , 68% are public and 32% private. 54 schools are in urban zone and 43 in rural zone. In the city there are the Universidad de Cundinamarca , the School of Public Service ESAP, the Police School, ICSEF, the Universidad Santo Tomás and Universidad Antonio Nariño. There are also Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje SENA, and 15 non-formal or informal private educational establishments. Due to its warm climate, Fusagasugá attracts many tourists with many hotels, resorts, pool parks, and cabins. The Pan-American highway goes through Fusagasugá's territory. In order to travel to other Colombian cities in

Chinauta - Misplaced Pages Continue

2142-639: The times of the Constituent Assembly. In 1896, in the days when Reyes had chances to be presidential candidate, Caro decided to send him off to Paris as the Ambassador of Colombia, which kept him away from the presidential race in the 1898 presidential elections; and also interfering with his involvement in the War of a Thousand Days' War . Since 1902 Reyes lived in Mexico while arranging and setting up everything for

2193-557: Was consecrated by the local Archbishop, Ismael Perdomo . However, there were other churches throughout the city's existence, including the Nuestra Señora de Belén (English: Our Lady of Bethlehem), consecrated on August 16, 1786. During World War II , a hotel in the city was used as an internment camp for citizens of Axis power countries. The urban territory is between 550 m and 3,050 m above sea level, with an average height 1,728 m (5,669 ft). Its average temperature

2244-620: Was constructed in 1893 by the Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Jesus with money donated by Don Manuel María Aya Caicedo and Lady Sagrado Cleofé Diaz, who also founded an adjoining nursing home. Following a directive issued on December 20, 1895, Fusagasugá was made capital of Sumapaz Province , which was created by National Directive 489 on November 7, 1895 and made into Law 162 in 1896. On February 22, 1893, Dr José Manuel Goenaga , minister of works of President Miguel Antonio Caro , contracted

2295-599: Was established, Reyes obtained a seat, however, his participation in the Magna Carta was somehow unfortunate, due to the fact that Miguel Antonio Caro opposed most of his motions. In 1887 the Government gave Reyes a “confidential task” in Europe: To obtain some credits and loans; task which did not succeed, however, at his return, Nuñez named him Minister of Development. In 1888 he returned to his personal activities and purchased

2346-519: Was finished over the Sumapaz River in Boquerón which was given the name "Puente Eliseo Medina" to honor the administration of the time. In 1930, the bridge was used by automobiles for the first time, and was replaced by the current bridge in 1953. By article 12 of ordinance 21 in 1944, the construction of a highway between Fusagasugá and Boquerón by the river Llano commenced. The first cemetery, which

2397-444: Was inaugurated on August 7, 1904. The mottos of President Reyes' administration were: "peace, harmony and work" and "less politics and more administration". His first regulations were aimed at restoring peace and order. In a reconciliatory gesture towards the liberals, he offered them to share positions in his cabinet. The fact that Reyes had been away from the country during the years of civil war (1899–1902) gave him much credulity in

2448-785: Was on the site of "Pekin" opened in 1822. It was replaced by a second one in 1852 which was located in front of the hospital. A third cemetery was opened by the Cura Sabogal on October 31, 1910. In 1929, in the Quinta Coburgo, the candidacy of Enrique Olaya Herrera was announced. In 1970, the Institute Técnico Universitario (Technical Institute University) was opened. It had been created by ordinance 45 issued on December 19, 1969 and established there by directive 537 on May 8, 1970 by Governor Joaquín Piñeros Corpas. The city's main church has been rebuilt numerous times, and for

2499-465: Was set off from Buenaventura to Panama, in which Reyes had to recover an old pontoon from out of corrosion to make up for the lack of ships in his fleet, and be able to move his troops; feat known as the “Pontoon’s Adventure”. When the expedition arrived in Panamá, they reestablished the civil and military authority, and a few days later all U.S.A. force presence left the isthmus. After the Panamanian rebel Azpurría surrendered before them, Reyes presided over

2550-542: Was still ruined from the events of the civil Thousand Days' War and the loss of Panama . The conservative party presented two presidential tickets, one with Rafael Reyes for president and Ramón González Valencia as vice-president, and the other with Joaquin Vélez for president and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo. The liberal party abstained from this election. The results of the election were too close and challenges were brought to court. The Electoral Court proclaimed Reyes as President and he

2601-634: Was the son of Ambrosio Reyes Moreno, who, a widower with five children, and remarried with Ms. Antonia Prieto and Solano, whose union there were four children, namely: Enrique, Maria, Rafael and Nestor. Ambrosio died when the eldest son of his second marriage, Enrique, was five. His wife Sofia Angulo came from the high society of Popayan and married in 1877, whose union there were six children, namely Rafael, Enrique, Amalia, Nina, Sofia and Pedro Ignacio. In 1898 widower, and refuses to remarry. After finishing his studies at age 17, he and his siblings constituted an exports company called Hermanos Reyes (Spanish from

SECTION 50

#1733084800338
#337662