In the flowering plants , an ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or gynoecium . Specifically, it is the part of the pistil which holds the ovule (s) and is located above or below or at the point of connection with the base of the petals and sepals . The pistil may be made up of one carpel or of several fused carpels (e.g. dicarpel or tricarpel), and therefore the ovary can contain part of one carpel or parts of several fused carpels. Above the ovary is the style and the stigma, which is where the pollen lands and germinates to grow down through the style to the ovary, and, for each individual pollen grain , to fertilize one individual ovule. Some wind pollinated flowers have much reduced and modified ovaries.
34-501: Chinese Rose may refer to: [REDACTED] Hibiscus rosa-sinensis [REDACTED] Rosa chinensis Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Chinese: 朱槿 ), a flowering plant of the genus Hibiscus Rosa chinensis (Chinese: 月季 ), a flowering plant of the genus Rosa China Rose (operetta) , 1925 operetta by A. Baldwin Sloane, Harry L. Cort, and George E. Stoddard Topics referred to by
68-507: A cross between Hibiscus cooperi and Hibiscus kaute . The parent species were originally from Vanuatu and Tahiti respectively. The natural distributions of the parents are more than 4,000 km (2,500 miles) apart. H. kaute was important in Polynesian culture and medicine, which appears to have led to it being taken across the south Pacific, where it eventually hybridized with H. cooperi . Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis
102-642: A dark pink or magenta color and turns basic solutions to green. In several countries the flowers are dried to use in a beverage, usually tea . Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis is considered to have a number of medical uses in Chinese herbology . Traditional uses in China have been to make a black shoe-polish from its flower petals, or to make a woman's black hair dye . The flowers are also used in parts of China to color various intoxicating liquors. The plant may have some potential in cosmetic skin care; for example, an extract from
136-399: A single fruit, and multiple fruits like pineapples are formed from the ovaries of separate flowers that are close together. Because aggregate and multiple fruits are formed from many ripened ovaries together, they are actually infructescences or groups of fruits that are arranged together in a structure. Some fruits, like the apple, are accessory fruits which can include other parts of
170-423: A surrounding fruit, this meaning that juniper and yew "berries" are not fruits, but modified cones . Fruits are responsible for the dispersal and protection of seeds in angiosperms and cannot be easily characterized due to the differences in defining culinary and botanical fruits. After double fertilization and ripening, the ovary becomes the fruit, the ovules inside the ovary become the seeds of that fruit, and
204-421: A variety of colors as well as red: white, pink, orange, peach, yellow, blue, and purple. Some plants have double flowers. At the bottom of every hibiscus bud is the calyx , which is green in color. The pointed ends of the calyx are called the sepals. When the hibiscus begins to bloom, the flower's petals begin to grow. Each hibiscus flower has both male and female parts. The ovary and other female parts of
238-563: Is best grown under glass. Plants grown in containers may be placed outside during the summer months and moved into shelter during the winter months. Numerous cultivars exist, with flower colors ranging from white through yellow and orange to scarlet and shades of pink, with both single and double sets of petals. The cultivar 'Cooperi' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit . The flowers of H. × rosa-sinensis are edible and are used in salads in
272-538: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis , known colloquially as Chinese hibiscus , China rose , Hawaiian hibiscus , rose mallow and shoeblack plant , is a cultigen of tropical hibiscus, a flowering plant in the Hibisceae tribe of the family Malvaceae . It is an artificial hybrid created in cultivation in pre-European times by Polynesians in
306-420: Is embedded or surrounded by the receptacle. This occurs in flowers of the family Lythraceae , which includes the crape myrtles . Such flowers are termed perigynous or half-epigynous . In some classifications, half-inferior ovaries are not recognized and are instead grouped with either the superior or inferior ovaries. More specifically, a half-inferior ovary has nearly equal portions of ovary above and below
340-412: Is often cited as an example, but close inspection of some pomes (such as Pyracantha ) will show that it is really a half-inferior ovary. Flowers with inferior ovaries are termed epigynous . Some examples of flowers with an inferior ovary are orchids (inferior capsule), Fuchsia (inferior berry), banana (inferior berry), Asteraceae (inferior achene-like fruit, called a cypsela ) and the pepo of
374-596: Is one of many plants with a genetic characteristic known as polyploidy , a condition in which there are more than two complete sets of chromosomes. A result of polyploidy is that the phenotype of a plant's offspring may be quite different from the parent plant, or indeed any ancestor, essentially allowing possibly random expression of any (or all) of the characteristics of previous generations. Because of this characteristic, H. × rosa-sinensis has become popular with hobbyists who cross and recross varieties, creating new varieties. Competitions are held to exhibit and judge
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#1733086038054408-467: Is ovate while the tip is acute, and the margin is serrated. Venation is unicostate reticulate , meaning the leaves' veins are branched or divergent. Their surfaces are glossy. Free lateral stipules are present. Its flowers bloom in summer and autumn. They are solitary ( axillary ) and symmetrical. They are typically red, with five petals 10 cm (4 in) in diameter, with prominent orange-tipped red anthers . Cultivars and hybrids have flowers in
442-406: Is present in the ovary of some plants, near the micropyle of each ovule. It is an outgrowth of the placenta, important in nourishing and guiding pollen tubes to the micropyle. The ovary of some types of fruit is dehiscent ; the ovary wall splits into sections called valves. There is no standard correspondence between the valves and the position of the septa; the valves may separate by splitting
476-474: The Pacific Islands . The flower is used as an accessory, particularly as a hairpiece. It is also used to shine shoes in certain parts of India , hence the common name "shoeblack plant". In Indonesia and Malaysia , these flowers are called "kembang sepatu" or "bunga sepatu", which literally means "shoe flower". The flower can also be used as a pH indicator; when used, the flower turns acidic solutions to
510-400: The carpels; the number of locules present in a gynoecium may be equal to or less than the number of carpels, depending on whether septa are present. The ovules are attached to parts of the interior ovary walls called the placentae. Placental areas occur in various positions, corresponding to various parts of the carpels that make up the ovary. See Ovule#Location within the plant . An obturator
544-437: The definition of a fruit, as not all botanical fruits can be identified as culinary fruits. A ripened ovary may be a fleshy fruit such as a grapefruit or a dry fruit such as a nut. Further complicating this, culinary nuts are not always botanical nuts ; some culinary nuts such as the coconut and almond are another type of fruit called a drupe . In this same way, not all "fruits" are true fruits. A true fruit only consists of
578-554: The egg within the ovule becomes the zygote . Double fertilization of the central cell in the ovule produces the nutritious endosperm tissue that surrounds the developing zygote within the seed. Angiosperm ovaries do not always produce a fruit after the ovary has been fertilized. Problems that can arise during the developmental process of the fruit include genetic issues, harsh environmental conditions, and insufficient energy which may be caused by competition for resources between ovaries; any of these situations may prevent maturation of
612-766: The five Rukun Negara of Malaysia. The flower can be found imprinted on the notes and coins of the Malaysian ringgit . Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis is an unofficial national flower in Haiti , where it has been used as a symbol for the promotion of tourism. The flower is also the symbol of the Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats political party. It is known in Haitian Creole language as choeblack or rose kayenn . Red hibiscus flowers are also used for worship; in Hinduism, they are used for
646-411: The flower lie in the main structure of the hibiscus: the pistil , which is long and tubular. The five "hairy" spots at the top of the pistil make up the stigma , which is where pollen is collected. In the middle of the pistil is the style, which is the tube down which pollen travels to the ovary. The ovary lies at the bottom of the blossom, and each hibiscus has only one superior ovary. The male part of
680-452: The flower such as the receptacle , hypanthium , perianth , or calyx in addition to the mature and ripened ovary. Locules are chambers within the ovary of the flower and fruits. The locules contain the ovules (seeds), and may or may not be filled with fruit flesh. Depending on the number of locules in the ovary, fruits can be classified as uni-locular (unilocular), bi-locular, tri-locular or multi-locular. Some plants have septa between
714-567: The flower, called the stamen , consists of stem-like filaments and anthers. Each filament ends with the pollen-producing anther . Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis was first described as a species in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum . His description was based on specimens with double bright red flowers in cultivation in the Indian subcontinent and Indonesia . The specific epithet rosa-sinensis literally means "rose of China", although
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#1733086038054748-504: The flowers of H. × rosa-sinensis has been shown to function as an anti-solar agent by absorbing ultraviolet radiation . Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis is the national flower of Malaysia, called bunga raya in Malay . This can be translated in a number of ways, including "great flower" or "celebratory flower." Introduced into the Malay Peninsula in the 12th century, it was nominated as
782-465: The flowers. In the subtropical and temperate Americas , hummingbirds are regularly attracted to hibiscus. The endangered Papilio homerus butterfly, the largest in the western hemisphere, is known to feed on the nectar of H. × rosa-sinensis . Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis is widely grown as an ornamental plant throughout the tropics and subtropics . As it does not tolerate temperatures below 10 °C (50 °F), in temperate regions it
816-500: The insertion point, it is superior; if below, inferior. A superior ovary is an ovary attached to the receptacle above the attachment of other floral parts. A superior ovary is found in types of fleshy fruits such as true berries , drupes , etc. A flower with this arrangement is described as hypogynous . Examples of this ovary type include the legumes (beans and peas and their relatives). A half-inferior ovary (also known as “half-superior”, “subinferior,” or “partially inferior,”)
850-413: The insertion point. Other varying degrees of inferiority can be described by other fractions. For instance, a "one-fifth inferior ovary" has approximately one fifth of its length under the insertion point. Likewise, only one quarter portion of a "three-quarters inferior ovary" is above the insertion. An inferior ovary lies below the attachment of other floral parts. A pome is a type of fleshy fruit that
884-533: The many resulting new seedlings and often strikingly unique flowers. Despite its size and colorful hues which are typically attractive to nectarivore birds, the flowers of Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis are not visited regularly by hummingbirds when grown in the Neotropics . Generalist species , like the sapphire-spangled emerald ( Amazilia lactea), or long-billed species, like the stripe-breasted starthroat ( Heliomaster squamosus ) are occasionally seen to visit
918-522: The national flower in the year 1958 by the Ministry of Agriculture amongst a few other flowers, namely ylang ylang , jasmine , lotus , rose , magnolia , and medlar . On July 28, 1960, it was declared by the government of Malaysia that H. × rosa-sinensis would be the national flower. The red of the petals symbolizes the courage, life, and rapid growth of the Malaysian people, and the five petals represent
952-534: The ovary. Fruits are important in the dispersal and protection of seeds, and variation in fruit shape or size results from an evolutionary response that aids in the dispersal of seeds in different environments. For example, the seeds of large fleshy fruits are often dispersed through endozoochory ; this means that animals consume the fleshy fruit and as a result disperse its seeds with their movement. The seeds of fruits can be dispersed by endozoochory, gravity, wind, or other means. There are some complications to
986-402: The plant is not closely related to true roses, nor is it from China. The genus Hibiscus is in the tribe Hibisceae and the subfamily Malvoideae of the family Malvaceae. The origin of the species has long been unknown; it has never been found out of cultivation. A study in 2024 based on molecular and morphological data showed that it is a hybrid created in cultivation by Polynesians through
1020-415: The ripened ovary and its contents. Fruits can be separated into three major categories: simple fruits , aggregate fruits , and multiple fruits . Simple fruits like oranges are formed from a single ovary which may or may not consist of multiple parts, while aggregate and multiple fruits are formed from several ovaries together. Aggregate fruits like raspberries are the ripened ovaries of one flower that form
1054-510: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title China Rose . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China_Rose&oldid=1184540473 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Plant common name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Chinese-language text Short description
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1088-401: The septa (septicidal dehiscence), or by spitting between them (loculicidal dehiscence), or the ovary may open in other ways, as through pores or because a cap falls off. The terminology of the positions of ovaries is determined by the insertion point , where the other floral parts ( perianth and androecium ) come together and attach to the surface of the ovary. If the ovary is situated above
1122-498: The west Pacific from the species Hibiscus cooperi and H. kaute . It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in the tropics and subtropics. Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis is a bushy, evergreen shrub or small tree growing 2.5–5 m (8–16 ft) tall and 1.5–3 m (5–10 ft) wide. The plant has a branched taproot . Its stem is aerial, erect, green, cylindrical, and branched. Its leaves are simple and petiolate , with alternate phyllotaxy . The leaf shape
1156-610: The worship of Devi , and in the Bengal area of eastern India, they are used to worship Kali . The hibiscus also has an important part in tantra . Cultivars with flowers of many colours are used as ornamental plants. Some have double petals or have differently shaped petals. Ovary (botany) A fruit is the mature, ripened ovary of a flower following double fertilization in an angiosperm . Because gymnosperms do not have an ovary but reproduce through fertilization of unprotected ovules , they produce naked seeds that do not have
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