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32-619: The CLTC was first adopted into regulation by the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) in October 2021 under the national standard "GB/T 38146.1-2019, China Automotive Test Cycle Part 1: Light Vehicles". It allows the manufacturer of battery electric vehicles to report all-electric range and energy consumption based on either the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) or CLTC. The CLTC testing accounts for

64-627: A six-month long regulatory campaign to address a variety of consumer protection and unfair competition issues, including interoperability concerns, in the consumer internet sector. It held meetings with executives from major Chinese tech companies and instructed them that their companies could no longer block external links to competitors. The ministry is responsible for industrial development, policy, and standards. It also oversees industry operations monitoring, innovation, and information technology and approves fixed-asset investment projects in industry, communications, and information technology. It

96-650: A vehicle mileage of 14.48 km (9.00 mi) on a dynamometer . It is based on a study of 3,832 vehicles from 41 cities, incorporating low-frequency dynamic data that reflects typical traffic conditions in China. Compared to the WLTP adopted in Europe, the CLTC involves more frequent stops, accelerations, decelerations, and simulates urban traffic congestion with a lower speed limit of 114 km/h (71 mph). The extra-high-speed condition from

128-668: A website for obtaining digital copies of the standards (excluding those dealing with food safety, environment protection, and civil engineering). The availability is broken down as follows (as of October 2023): Copies of standards (written in simplified Chinese) may be obtained from the SPC web store. A non-exhaustive list of National Standards of the People's Republic of China is listed as follows, accompanied with similar international standards of ISO, marked as identical (IDT), equivalent (EQV), or non-equivalent (NEQ). Changes are made frequently within

160-563: Is claimed to more closely reflect the realities of China's traffic patterns compared to the NEDC or the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP). This standard benefits electric vehicles, which under this cycle are able to produce higher driving range numbers compared to the NEDC and WLTP. The CLTC testing involves three driving phases: slow, medium, and fast, with a total duration of 30 minutes and

192-472: Is the government body primarily responsible for supervising product standards. MIIT delegates much of its legislative and standard setting work to the China Academy of Information and Communication Technology. In 2006, Human Rights Watch said that the ministry is responsible for overseeing technical implementation of the censorship in China . The ministry is responsible for the current iteration of

224-738: Is the sixth-ranked executive department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China . It is responsible for regulation and development of the postal service, Internet, wireless, broadcasting, communications, production of electronic and information goods, software industry and the promotion of the national knowledge economy . In 2004, the MIIT began the Connecting Every Village Project to promote universal access to telecommunication and internet services in rural China . The MIIT required that six state-owned companies, including

256-796: The Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , the Beijing Institute of Technology , the Harbin Institute of Technology , and the Northwestern Polytechnical University . The MIIT also co-manages the China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund , used by the government to invest in semiconductor companies, together with the Ministry of Finance . National Standards of

288-572: The Ministry of Finance , the Ministry of Environmental Protection , the National Standards Committee and the Chinese Academy of Engineering . To develop the CLTC, extensive data was collected from over 3,700 light-duty vehicles across 40 cities in China, considering various factors such as traffic volume and road conditions. The resulting driving cycle is designed to capture typical urban and rural driving behaviors. Its effectiveness

320-647: The State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau . The MIIT was historically responsible for the regulation and control of tobacco consumption, including the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control , a rather obvious case of conflict of interest. This task has since been reassigned to the National Health Commission as part of a large-scale government reform in 2018. Under the arrangement one institution with two names ,

352-710: The Thousand Talents Plan called Qiming . MIIT has some regulatory overlap with the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR). Although MIIT does not have authority to enforce the Anti-Monopoly Law like SAMR does, it uses its departmental guidelines to address unfair competition issues. According to the Regulations on the Main Responsibilities, Internal Organization and Staffing of

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384-474: The CLTC. The following table is a comparison of the test cycle of CLTC-P compared to other test cycles. The CLTC has some limitations, such as how it accounts for energy consumption from air conditioning or in-car entertainment systems during testing. During hot or cold weather, electric vehicles need extra energy for air conditioning, which reduces their driving range. Additionally, using entertainment systems may further increase energy consumption, affecting

416-608: The China Heavy-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle, consisting of CHTC-B, CHTC-C, CHTC-D, CHTC-LT, CHTC-HT, and CHTC-TT. The CLTC is designed to simulate typical urban and rural driving conditions in China. Chinese cities generally experience higher congestion levels, leading to a greater proportion of low-speed driving, frequent stops and longer idling times. The maximum speed limit in China is set at 120 km/h (75 mph). The CLTC testing includes lower average speeds, frequent stops, and more dynamic driving profiles, which

448-490: The MIIT issued the "Notice on Matters Related to the Calculation of Double Credits in 2021". This notice mandates that battery electric passenger vehicles have the option to state their power consumption and driving range based on either the NEDC or the CLTC. Meanwhile, internal combustion vehicles and plug-in hybrid passenger vehicles must state their fuel consumption, power consumption, and electric driving range according to

480-658: The MIIT reserves the external brands of the China National Space Administration and the China Atomic Energy Authority , although the level of control the ministry have over these two organizations is unclear. The MIIT oversees the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology , a government think tank that focuses on telecommunications and the digital economy. It also oversees seven universities , including top universities such as

512-665: The Main Responsibilities of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in Local Communications Administration Bureaus" (reply of the Central Organization Office [2012] No. 17), the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has the following internal organization. Names in parentheses are alternative nameplates or subunits The ministry administers the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense , and

544-566: The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology , the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology assumes the following responsibilities: According to the "Regulations on the Main Responsibilities of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, its Internal Organization and Staffing" and to the "Reply of the Office of the Central Institutional Establishment Committee on Matters Related to Further Clarifying

576-420: The NEDC, which did not accurately reflect real driving conditions in China. Initially, the NEDC was used for vehicle type approval tests ( homologation ) in China, but as vehicle ownership and traffic patterns evolved, the gap between test results and actual fuel consumption increased. The China Automotive Technology & Research Center (CATARC) took the lead in organizing the joint research, which also involved

608-848: The People%27s Republic of China The National Standards of the People's Republic of China ( 中华人民共和国国家标准 ), coded as GB , are the standards issued by the Standardization Administration of China under the authorization of Article 10 of the Standardization Law of the People's Republic of China. According to Article 2 of the Standardization Law, national standards are divided into mandatory national standards and recommended national standards. Mandatory national standards are prefixed "GB". Recommended national standards are prefixed " GB/T ". Guidance technical documents are prefixed with "GB/Z", but are not legally part of

640-482: The People's Republic of China , compulsory standards are not copyrightable as they fall under "other documents of a legislative, administrative or judicial nature". In 1999, the Supreme People's Court ruled that although compulsory standards do not enjoy copyright protections, publishing houses can be given exclusive, sui generis rights to publish a compulsory standard. The Standardization Administration operates

672-536: The WLTC did not include data from China, limiting its applicability in reflecting Chinese driving conditions. In response, in 2015 the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) started the China Automotive Test Cycle (CATC) project at a cost of more than 100 million RMB, with the aim of creating a more representative driving cycle for China, addressing the limitations of existing driving cycles such as

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704-592: The WLTC. Additionally, the national standard "Passenger Car Fuel Consumption Limit" (GB 19578-2021) issued in February 2021, states that by 2025, the test conditions for internal combustion passenger cars and plug-in hybrid passenger cars will transition from the NEDC to the WLTC. The standard was quickly adopted by manufacturers. On 8 October 2021, Tesla China updated the range for its Model 3 Performance on its official website, increasing it from 605 km (376 mi) to 675 km (419 mi). This change coincided with

736-722: The WLTP and EPA in electric vehicle range estimates. In 2009, the Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Driving Test Cycle (WLTC) was introduced in 2009 by the Working Party on Pollution and Energy Transport Program (GRPE) under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). It was based on real driving data from six regions: the US, South Korea, Japan, India, the EU, and Switzerland. However,

768-486: The WLTP has been removed, but the total cycle duration remains unchanged at 1,800 seconds. The idling time of the CLTC testing accounted for 22.1% of the entire cycle time, which is close to the idling duration of the NEDC testing. The following table presents a comparison of test results conducted by the Tianjin Automotive Research Institute of a sampled electric vehicle prior to the introduction of

800-525: The country's higher congestion levels with more frequent stop-and-go and lower speed limits, which lead to increased low-speed driving and longer idling times that benefits electric vehicles. As of 2024, the CLTC standard is used in China alongside the NEDC and the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC). Outside China, the CLTC has drawn criticism for being perceived as less rigorous than other standards such as

832-456: The internet. The State Council announced during the 1st session of the 11th National People's Congress that the MIIT would supersede the Ministry of Information Industry (MII). In 2013, the ministry's Made in China 2025 plan was approved by the State Council . It took over two years to draft by a working group of one hundred and fifty people. The plan's aim was to improve production efficiency and quality. In summer 2021, MIIT began

864-583: The main telecommunications and internet providers China Mobile , China Unicom , and China Telecom , build the communications infrastructure and assist in financing the project. Beginning in late 2009, the program began building rural telecenters each of which had at least one telephone, computer, and internet connectivity. Approximately 90,000 rural telecenters were built by 2011. As of December 2019, 135 million rural households had used broadband internet. The program successfully extended internet infrastructure throughout rural China and promoted development of

896-470: The national compulsory standard (GB), sequential number 2312, revision year 1980. Besides the national standard repository, China allows the registration of standards by industry/trade, by localities (DB, Dìfāng Biāozhǔn, "local standard"), by associations (T), or by an individual company (Q). The overall prefix number-year format is retained. Under the first clause of Article 5 of the Copyright Law of

928-480: The national standard system. Mandatory national standards are the basis for the product testing which products must undergo during the China Compulsory Certificate (CCC or 3C) certification. If there is no corresponding mandatory national standard, CCC is not required. A Chinese standard code has three parts: the prefix, the sequential number, and the year number. For example, GB 2312-1980 refers to

960-482: The new battery capacity of 78.4 kWh, which is only 1.6 kWh larger than the previous model's 76.8 kWh. The improvement in range was attributed to the transition from the NEDC to the CLTC. The CLTC is standardized by the national standard "GB/T 38146.1-2019, China Automotive Test Cycle Part 1: Light Vehicles", which defines two chassis dynamometer driving cycles, one for passenger cars and another for light commercial vehicles: The China Automotive Test Cycle also includes

992-530: The overall range. The CLTC has also faced criticism internationally for being perceived as "less stringent", "generous", or "unrealistic" compared to the WLTP and EPA standards when measuring electric vehicle range. Critics argue that the CLTC may overestimate vehicle range compared to these other testing protocols, which are widely regarded as more rigorous in assessing real-world driving conditions. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology ( MIIT )

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1024-484: Was evaluated by comparing its characteristics with those of other driving cycles, including the NEDC, FTP-75 , and the WLTC. The CLTC has longer transient cycles and higher idle ratios, which more closely reflect congested traffic conditions in Chinese cities. Fuel consumption analyses showed that the CLTC's rates are approximately 13.5% higher than results from testing during vehicle homologation in China. On October 1, 2021,

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