159-738: The Chinese Dream , also called the China Dream , is a term closely associated with Xi Jinping , the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and China's paramount leader . Xi began promoting the phrase as a slogan during a high-profile tour of an exhibit at the National Museum of China in November 2012, shortly after he became leader of the CCP. The exhibit at that time was called
318-567: A fully developed nation by about 2049, the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic. Xi's initial formulation of the Chinese Dream concept was later expanded, and published in English as: The Chinese dream, after all, is the dream of the people. We must realize it by closely depending on the people. We must incessantly bring benefits to the people. Realizing the great renewal of
477-466: A "China Dream". In 2008, architect Neville Mars, author Adrian Hornsby, and the Dynamic City Foundation published The Chinese Dream – a society under construction . The book investigates China's initial wave of rapid urbanization as it transitions to a socialist market economy . Maps of the emerging spatial forms and analysis of the economic development processes that have originated within
636-431: A "modern socialist city" by 2050. Common prosperity is an essential requirement of socialism and a key feature of Chinese-style modernization. The common prosperity we are pursuing is for all, affluence both in material and spiritual life, but not for a small portion nor for uniform egalitarianism. Lord Wei Nathanael Ming-Yan Wei, Baron Wei ( Chinese : 韋鳴恩 ; born 19 January 1977), also known as Nat Wei ,
795-408: A big gap for Xi as a teenager. He once recalled that he had to overcome "five hurdles" ( flea , food, life, labor and thought hurdle), and the experience led him to feel affinity with the rural poor. After a few months, unable to stand rural life, he ran away to Beijing. He was arrested during a crackdown on deserters from the countryside and sent to a work camp to dig ditches, but he later returned to
954-558: A briefing session chaired by He Zai, the secretary-general of the Central Organization Department , Xi Jinping's strategic vision and comprehensive understanding of Zhengding County's development were highlighted. He Zai, along with Wei Jianxing , deputy head of the CCP Central Organization Department, communicated these findings to Hu Yaobang , describing Xi as a leader with a strategic outlook and
1113-408: A decade ago, will reach the size of more than two Americas in a decade or two. They number in the hundreds of millions, with the same hopes and dreams that you and I have: to have a better life, to give our children an even better life...." Wang has also claimed that "Chinese people must define their own dream." Xi Jinping Xi Jinping (born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who has been
1272-575: A factory in Luoyang , Henan. In May 1966, the Cultural Revolution cut short Xi's secondary education when all secondary classes were halted for students to criticise and fight their teachers. Student militants ransacked the Xi family home and one of Xi's sisters, Xi Heping, "was persecuted to death." Later, his mother was forced to publicly denounce his father, as he was paraded before a crowd as an enemy of
1431-453: A fleet of limousines, and did not restrict traffic on the parts of the highway he travelled. Xi was elected president on 14 March 2013, in a confirmation vote by the 12th National People's Congress in Beijing. He received 2,952 for, one vote against, and three abstentions. He replaced Hu Jintao, who retired after serving two terms. On 17 March, Xi and his new ministers arranged a meeting with
1590-496: A great revival of the Chinese people" can only result from a "strong-army dream." Former United States Secretary of State John Kerry has promoted the idea of a "Pacific Dream" to accommodate China's rise through regional collaboration over shared interests like the environment and economic growth. The Chinese Dream is also a process to promote national rejuvenation through domestic ethnic policy. In 2012, when Xi Jinping first proposed
1749-447: A higher standard, more comfortable living conditions, and a more beautiful environment." Xi also vowed to tackle corruption at the highest levels, alluding that it would threaten the CCP's survival; he was reticent about far-reaching economic reforms. In December 2012, Xi visited Guangdong in his first trip outside Beijing since taking the Party leadership. The overarching theme of the trip
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#17330851983791908-448: A key component of the “China Dream.” As for the “Second Century”, its long-term goal extends to the centenary of the People's Republic of China in 2049. The objective is for China to become a “modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, and harmonious.”, including many more ambitious political, economic, social, and cultural dimensions. Xi said that young people should "dare to dream, work assiduously to fulfill
2067-513: A key goal. In 2021, Xi declared a "complete victory" over extreme poverty, saying nearly 100 million have been lifted out of poverty under his tenure, though experts said China's poverty threshold was lower than that of the World Bank . In 2020, premier Li Keqiang, citing the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said that China still had 600 million people living with less than 1000 yuan ($ 140)
2226-495: A month, although The Economist said the methodology NBS used was flawed. When Xi took office in 2012, 51% of people in China were living on less than $ 6.9 per day, in 2020 this had fallen 25%. China's economy has grown under Xi, doubling from $ 8.5 trillion in 2012 to $ 17.8 trillion in 2021, while China's nominal GDP per capita surpassed the world average in 2021, though growth has slowed from 8% in 2012 to 6% in 2019. Xi has stressed
2385-608: A name in the national media and drew the attention of China's top leaders. Between 2004 and 2007, Li Qiang acted as Xi's chief of staff through his position as secretary-general of the Zhejiang Party Committee , where they developed close mutual ties. Following the dismissal of Shanghai Party secretary Chen Liangyu in September 2006 due to a social security fund scandal , Xi was transferred to Shanghai in March 2007, where he
2544-405: A nationwide anti-corruption campaign. These included former and current regional officials, leading figures of state-owned enterprises and central government organs, and generals. Within the first two years of the campaign alone, over 200,000 officials received warnings, fines, and demotions. The campaign has led to the downfall of prominent incumbent and retired CCP officials, including members of
2703-417: A new form of productive forces derived from continuous sci-tech breakthroughs and innovation that drive strategic emerging and future industries in a more intelligent information era . Xi has been involved in the development of Xiong'an , a new area announced in 2017, planned to become a major metropolis near Beijing; the relocation aspect is estimated to last until 2035 while it is planned to developed into
2862-488: A number of projects around housing , unemployment and healthcare. Through the Shaftesbury Partnership, Wei co-founded The Challenge Network, an independent charity which exists to "inspire and connect people to strengthen their community". The Challenge Network runs a two-month civic service programme called The Challenge which attracted strong interest from both government and opposition when launched. In 2011,
3021-413: A party that was faced with pervasive corruption. Xi believed corruption at the higher levels of the CCP put the party and country at risk of collapse. Wang adds that Xi has a belief that only the CCP is capable of governing China, and that its collapse would be disastrous for the Chinese people. Xi and the new generational leaders reacted by launching the anti-corruption campaign to eliminate corruption at
3180-514: A path of increasing inefficiency and energy-dependence. Mars introduces the term "MUD," or Market-driven Unintentional Development to describe this new hybrid urban condition, and suggests that planning itself needs to be radically redefined to be effective and not contribute to ex-urbanization. The conclusion of the book is "No New Cities" ( 杜绝新城 ), and a call for models of upgrading existing urban centers and suburbs. In 2010, author Helen H. Wang published her first book The Chinese Dream . The book
3339-459: A programme seeking to attract, develop and place high-potential teachers and future leaders of urban schools. Around the same time as helping to set up Future Leaders, in early 2006, Wei founded the Shaftesbury Partnership, an organisation which seeks to emulate the great social reformers of the Victorian era by creating scalable social reforms. The Shaftesbury Partnership are currently working on
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#17330851983793498-642: A report into the policy implications of them, which has led to work on later life and the need to better prepare citizens for the transition into retirement. Subsequently Lord Wei has also championed harnessing data science based approaches to help bring greater rigour and consistency to the process of policy development and impact venture incubation, through tools such as agent-based modeling, AI-assisted swarm based prediction and decision-making tools, and technology-aided impact measurement. Building on his work in education at Teach First and starting other educational initiatives and charities, Lord Wei has advocated for
3657-475: A seminar to instruct them to avoid writing about politics, the CCP, or making statements contradicting official narratives. Many bloggers stopped writing about controversial topics, and Weibo went into decline, with much of its readership shifting to WeChat users speaking to limited social circles. In 2017, telecommunications carriers were instructed to block individuals' use of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) by February 2018. Political observers have called Xi
3816-706: A strong alliance ideology between workers and peasants. In 1985, Xi participated in a study tour on corn processing and traveled to Iowa , US, to study agricultural production and corn processing technology. During his visit to the U.S., the CCP Central Organization Department decided to transfer him to Xiamen as a member of the Standing Committee of the CCP Xiamen Municipal Committee and as vice mayor. Arriving in Xiamen as vice-mayor in June 1985, Xi drafted
3975-699: A third term in March 2023. Xi Jinping was born on 15 June 1953 in Beijing , the third child of Xi Zhongxun and his second wife Qi Xin . After the founding of the PRC in 1949, Xi's father held a series of posts, including the chief of the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party , vice-premier , and vice chairperson of the National People's Congress . Xi had two older sisters, Qiaoqiao , born in 1949 and An'an ( 安安 ; Ān'ān ), born in 1952. Xi's father
4134-505: A top provincial office for the first time in his career. In 2002, he was elected a full member of the 16th Central Committee , marking his ascension to the national stage. While in Zhejiang, Xi presided over reported growth rates averaging 14% per year. During this period, Zhejiang increasingly transitioned away from heavy industry. His career in Zhejiang was marked by a tough and straightforward stance against corrupt officials. This earned him
4293-782: A tour of Latin America, visiting Mexico, Jamaica, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, and Malta, after which he returned to China. On 11 February 2009, while visiting Mexico, Xi spoke in front of a group of overseas Chinese and explained China's contributions during the international financial crisis, saying that it was "the greatest contribution towards the whole of human race, made by China, to prevent its 1.3 billion people from hunger." He went on to remark: "There are some bored foreigners, with full stomachs, who have nothing better to do than point fingers at us. First, China doesn't export revolution; second, China doesn't export hunger and poverty; third, China doesn't come and cause you headaches. What more
4452-559: A translation in The References News , in an article written for China's State Council Information Office , on the cover of the magazine Oriental Outlook as the main caption, in a magazine article published by Frontline , and in an article for a local newspaper written by China's ambassador to Romania, Huo Yuzhen. In the preface of the Oriental Outlook "Chinese Dream" issue, the editor states that "the 18th national congress of
4611-458: A trip to America last year as leader-in-waiting.)" Since the idea was put forward by Xi in November 2012 and repeated by him on numerous important occasions, the CCP's propaganda chief, Liu Yunshan , has directed that the concept of the Chinese Dream be incorporated into school textbooks. In an article for the Huffington Post , French sinologist David Gosset ( 高大伟 ) presented the idea that
4770-523: A whole "Chinese nation-state." Some scholars suggest the first-generation of policy focuses on the recognition of 56 nationality ( minzu ) and on keeping the national unity while developing all groups. The second-generation ethnic policy was originally introduced in line with Xi Jinping's "national rejuvenation" theory of the Chinese dream. It was first proposed in 2011 by two Chinese scholars of National Conditions Institute of Tsinghua University , Hu Lianhe and Hu An’gang. Hu Lianhe and Hu Angang suggest that
4929-688: Is a business and technology advisor and board member for a number of businesses, including most including most recently Future Planet Capital, and sits as a member of the House of Lords Science and Technology Committee. Lord Wei is the son of Hong Kong parents with paternal ethnic roots in Zhongshan . Lord Wei was educated at the Sir Frank Markham Community School, a state comprehensive school in Milton Keynes (since closed, and replaced by
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5088-496: Is also sometimes called the "pilot at the helm" ( 领航掌舵 ). On 25 December 2019, the Politburo officially named Xi as "People's Leader" ( 人民领袖 ; rénmín lǐngxiù ), a title only Mao had held previously. Xi was initially seen as a market reformist, and a central committee under him announced "market forces" would begin to play a "decisive" role in allocating resources. This meant that the state would gradually reduce its involvement in
5247-502: Is an English social entrepreneur and advisor on technology, with an interest in social reform . He is the first British-born person of Hong Kong origin to have become a member of the House of Lords , sitting as a Conservative , and was the youngest member of the House from 2010 to 2016. He was also previously an adviser to the UK Government on their Big Society project. Lord Wei is
5406-466: Is an important component of Xi's view of the Chinese Dream. The China Dream has been defined as sustainable development . Peggy Liu and the NGO JUCCCE coined the phrase "China Dream" as a movement based on sustainability, which was later popularized in China through a New York Times article and adopted by Xi Jinping. Pollution and food safety are significant concerns in China. China's rising middle class
5565-420: Is based on over 100 interviews of the new members of the middle class in China. In the book, Wang did not define the Chinese Dream. Rather, she conveyed the hopes and dreams of the Chinese people through intimate portraits of this growing demographic. The Chinese Dream was translated into Chinese (中国梦) and published in China in 2011. In 2012, the second edition of The Chinese Dream with a foreword by Lord Wei
5724-498: Is becoming more mainstream and how to encourage greater involvement of institutional funders from insurance and pension and sovereign wealth investors to be more engaged and deploy capital into venture capital especially for impact. Many of his recommendations anticipated those announced by the UK government in its Edinburgh Reforms, designed to encourage greater institutional investor allocation to alternative investment such as venture capital in
5883-533: Is expected to increase by 500 million people by 2025 and will continue to put a strain on the country's dwindling resources. Xi Jinping's conception of the Chinese Dream has incorporated the idea of ecological civilization and increased its prominence. According to Liu, the Chinese Dream of sustainability can be achieved through the promotion of green technologies and the reduction of widespread conspicuous consumption . China's high growth has caused widespread environmental damage, and without environmental reforms,
6042-475: Is not domiciled in the UK) and the late Lord Chan ; the third person of Hong Kong ancestry to become a House of Lords member, after Baroness Dunn and the late Lord Kadoorie ; and the first-ever member of Chinese origin to be British-born. He is also one of the youngest people to have been made a life peer, at the age of 33. Due to his role as Government Advisor Lord Wei stepped down from any direct, formal involvement in
6201-688: Is promoting positive energy ... Only by promoting the establishment of a social structure and community environment in which all ethnic groups are embedded in each other ... can we boost the great unity, ethnic fusion and development of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, and finally realize our China dream of great rejuvenation of our Chinese nation James A. Millward, a scholar of Xinjiang at Georgetown University , stated that "state-sponsored efforts at ‘blending’ and ‘fusion’ will be seen by Uyghurs in China or by China's critics anywhere as really aimed at assimilating Uighurs into Han culture." Some Chinese have interpreted
6360-473: Is there to be said?" The story was reported on some local television stations. The news led to a flood of discussions on Chinese Internet forums and it was reported that the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs was caught off-guard by Xi's remarks, as the actual video was shot by some accompanying Hong Kong reporters and broadcast on Hong Kong TV, which then turned up on various Internet video websites. In
6519-624: The Big Society Bank ." Previously, Lord Wei had also cited personal financial difficulties that he had suffered as a result of the demands of his part-time position. Lord Wei's ancestry can be traced back to a village in Zhuhai , on the southern coast of Canton (now Guangdong ). His ancestral home is two villages away from that of Sun Yat-sen , the founding father of the Republic of China , about whom incidentally, Wei enjoys reading and learning. As
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6678-573: The CCP constitution and the re-election of Xi as general secretary of the CCP and chairman of the CMC for a third term, with the overall result of the Congress being further strengthening of Xi's power. Xi's re-election made him the first party leader since Mao Zedong to be chosen for a third term, though Deng Xiaoping ruled the country informally for a longer period. The new Politburo Standing Committee elected just after
6837-553: The Classic of Poetry ( Shi Jing ), the poem "Flowing Spring" ( 下泉 ) describes a poet waking up in despair after dreaming of the former Western Zhou dynasty. During the troubled Southern Song dynasty, the poet Zheng Sixiao wrote a poem in which he coined the phrase "Heart full of [the] Chinese Dream (中国梦), the ancient poem 'Flowing Spring'" ( 一心中国梦，万古下泉诗 ), referring back to the classical poem. Popular patriotic literary and theatrical works in early 20th century China also made reference to
6996-632: The European Union , Xi visited Belgium, Germany, Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania from 7 to 21 October 2009. He visited Japan, South Korea, Cambodia, and Myanmar on his Asian trip from 14 to 22 December 2009. He later visited the United States, Ireland and Turkey in February 2012. This visit included meeting with then U.S. president Barack Obama at the White House and vice president Joe Biden (with Biden as
7155-496: The Milton Keynes Academy on the same site), where some of the pupils snorted cocaine and even burned down a wing of the school, and reportedly bullied him for taking his studies seriously. However, in a later first-person account of his school life, Wei appeared to contradict this account, stating that as he 'got good grades, but was also sporty', he was not targeted or bullied. The only pupil from his school year to attend
7314-639: The Nelson Mandela class of persons. A person with enormous emotional stability who does not allow his personal misfortunes or sufferings affect his judgment. In other words, he is impressive." Former U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson described Xi as "the kind of guy who knows how to get things over the goal line." Australian prime minister Kevin Rudd said that Xi "has sufficient reformist, party and military background to be very much his own man." In February 2009, in his capacity as vice-president, Xi embarked on
7473-574: The Sanfang Qixiang in Fuzhou, advanced urban renewal initiatives, and effectively addressed the issue of poverty alleviation on Pingtan Island . In 1995, Xi Jinping was elevated to deputy secretary of the Fujian Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and served as Governor of Fujian from 1999 to 2002, during which he presented the notion of " Megalopolises " and advocated for
7632-543: The Shanghai Free-Trade Zone in 2013, which was seen as part of the economic reforms. However, by 2017, Xi's promise of economic reforms was said to have stalled by experts. In 2015, the Chinese stock market bubble popped , which led Xi to use state forces to fix it. From 2012 to 2022, the share of the market value of private sector firms in China's top listed companies increased from 10% to over 40%. He has overseen
7791-508: The University of Oxford , he studied Modern Languages at Jesus College . After graduating from Jesus College, Oxford, Wei worked at McKinsey & Company for three years, where he came to know Brett Wigdortz, who founded Teach First in 2002. In 2006, after three years at Teach First and a short stint in social venture capital , Wei joined the children's charity Absolute Return for Kids (ARK) where he helped to set up Future Leaders ,
7950-572: The Wang Lijun incident , which opened the door for Xi to come to power without challengers. Xi is considered one of the most successful members of the Princelings, a quasi-clique of politicians who are descendants of early Chinese Communist revolutionaries. Former prime minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew , when asked about Xi, said he felt he was "a thoughtful man who has gone through many trials and tribulations." Lee also commented: "I would put him in
8109-642: The Xinhua Daily Telegraph that directly credits Friedman. "Will the next Chinese leader have a dream that is different from the American dream?" [a paraphrase of a line in Mr Friedman's column]. In a year of political transition, the world's gaze is focused on the east. On the eve of the 18th [Communist Party] congress [at which Mr Xi had been appointed as party chief two weeks earlier] the American columnist Thomas Friedman wrote an article devoted to analysis of
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#17330851983798268-421: The chief executive of Hong Kong , CY Leung , confirming his support for Leung. Within hours of his election, Xi discussed cyber security and North Korea with U.S. President Barack Obama over the phone. Obama announced the visits of treasury and state secretaries Jack Lew and John F. Kerry to China the following week. "To speak the truth" means to focus on the nature of things, to speak frankly, and follow
8427-545: The general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), and thus the paramount leader of China, since 2012. Xi has been serving as the 7th and current president of China since 2013. As a member of the fifth generation of Chinese leadership , Xi is the first CCP general secretary born after the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The son of Chinese communist veteran Xi Zhongxun , Xi
8586-504: The leadership core of the CCP, he had been referred to as Xi Dada ( 习大大 , Uncle or Papa Xi), though this stopped in April 2016. The village of Liangjiahe, where Xi was sent to work, is decorated with propaganda and murals extolling the formative years of his life. The CCP's Politburo named Xi Jinping lingxiu ( 领袖 ), a reverent term for "leader" and a title previously only given to Mao Zedong and his immediate successor Hua Guofeng . He
8745-431: The party and national constitutions . As the central figure of the fifth generation of leadership of the PRC, Xi has centralized institutional power by taking on multiple positions, including new CCP committees on national security, economic and social reforms, military restructuring and modernization, and the internet. In October 2022, Xi secured a third term as CCP General Secretary, and was re-elected state president for
8904-418: The "Chinese Dream" during his visit to the "Road to Rejuvenation" exhibition, he suggested that "realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream of the Chinese nation in modern times." The adoption of Chinese nationalistic ideologies has increased as policies in line with the Chinese Dream have been enacted. Zheng Dahua has noted that the increase in domestic public concern surrounding
9063-420: The "Chinese Dream." "This dream can be said to be the dream of a strong nation. And for the military, it is a dream of a strong military," Xi told sailors. Xi's trip was significant in that he departed from the established convention of Chinese leaders' travel routines in multiple ways. Rather than dining out, Xi and his entourage ate regular hotel buffet. He travelled in a large van with his colleagues rather than
9222-399: The "Chinese dream" titled "China Needs Its Own Dream". It expressed the hope that [the dream would be one that] "marries people's expectations of prosperity with a more sustainable China". Suddenly the "Chinese dream" became a hot topic among commentators at home and abroad. The Economist writes that references to Friedman's article have also appeared in other Chinese media outlets, including
9381-408: The "Road to National Rejuvenation". Xi said that the Chinese Dream is the " great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation ". Since then, the use of the phrase has become widespread in official announcements and it has also been characterized as the embodiment of the leadership's political ideology under Xi Jinping. Their strategic implementation closely ties to two significant milestones: the centenary of
9540-460: The "ethnic mingling" policy is a step in addition to the theory of the "melting pot" of the second-generation ethnic policy. For Xi, the creation of the unified identity of the Chinese nation is a key factor in realizing the great rejuvenation of Chinese Dream; however, some scholars argue that the national revival campaign will make China lose cultural diversity and " indigeneity " ( tuzhuxing ). Some scholars, journalists, and governments claim that
9699-446: The ' Two 100s '", a concept promoted by Xi Jinping, adding, "The material goal of China becoming a 'moderately well-off society' by about 2020" and "The modernization goal of China becoming a fully developed nation by about 2050". The Economist reported that Xi "had seen the American dream up close, having spent a couple of weeks in 1985 with a rural family in Iowa. (He revisited them during
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#17330851983799858-590: The Big Society and driving implementation across government. At the launch event, the Prime Minister, David Cameron , announced that Wei would also be appointed a life peer . He was introduced in the House of Lords on 3 June 2010 as Baron Wei , of Shoreditch in the London Borough of Hackney . He is the third person of Chinese ethnic origin to become a member of the House of Lords, after Baroness Dunn (who
10017-748: The CCP Congress was filled almost completely with people close to Xi, with four out of the seven members of the previous PSC stepping down. Xi was further re-elected as the PRC president and chairman of the PRC Central Military Commission on 10 March 2023 during the opening of the 14th National People's Congress , while Xi ally Li Qiang succeeded Li Keqiang as the Premier. Xi has had a cult of personality constructed around himself since entering office with books, cartoons, pop songs and dance routines honouring his rule. Following Xi's ascension to
10176-451: The CCP's founding in 2021 and the centenary of the People's Republic of China in 2049. During the “First Century”, Xi's short-term goal was to achieve a “moderately prosperous society” by the centenary of the CCP's founding in 2021. This involves doubling the GDP per capita income from its 2010 level by 2020, which is part of the broader prospect for improving living standards and eradicating poverty,
10335-410: The CCP. His administration pursued a debt-deleveraging campaign, seeking to slow and cut the unsustainable amount of debt China has accrued during its growth. Xi's administration has promoted " Made in China 2025 " plan that aims to make China self-reliant in key technologies, although publicly China de-emphasised this plan due to the outbreak of a China–United States trade war . Since the outbreak of
10494-469: The CMC—which have no term limits. However, Xi did not say whether he intended to be party general secretary, CMC chairman and state president, for three or more terms. In its sixth plenary session in November 2021, CCP adopted a historical resolution , a kind of document that evaluated the party's history. This was the third of its kind after ones adopted by Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. In comparison with
10653-528: The CYLC, saying that [these cadres] can't talk about science, literature and art, work or life [with young people]. All they can do is just repeat the same old bureaucratic, stereotypical talk." In 2018, the National People's Congress (NPC) passed constitutional amendments including removal of term limits for the president and vice president, the creation of a National Supervisory Commission , as well as enhancing
10812-540: The China Dream is economic development. The primary means of developing the economy pursuant to the China dream is infrastructure development, including via the Belt and Road Initiative. Some government officials and activists view the Chinese Dream as a need for economic and political reform. Sustaining China's economic growth requires economic reform encompassing urbanization, the reduction of government bureaucracy, and weakening
10971-401: The Chinese Communist Party convened November 8th. "Does the next generation of Chinese leaders have a 'Chinese Dream' that is different from the "American Dream"?.... This was a question raised by one of America's most influential media figures, Thomas Friedman." Just after becoming General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party in late 2012, Xi announced a political slogan that would become
11130-460: The Chinese Dream. The Chinese Dream has been viewed as a call for China's rising international influence. Xi Jinping refers to the dream as a form of national rejuvenation. Young Chinese are envious of America's cultural influence and hope that China could one day rival the US as a cultural exporter. Members of the Chinese military support China's military development, opining that the "strong-nation dream of
11289-454: The Chinese dream as the pursuit of individual dreams. Evan Osnos of The New Yorker comments that "Xi Jinping has sought to inspire his people by raising the flag of the China Dream, but they have interpreted it as China Dreams —plural." According to Osnos, the Chinese Dream is "the proliferation of 1.3 billion China Dreams." Sujian Guo and Baogang Guo argue, "To a great extent, the American dream has been exported to China and has become
11448-483: The Chinese dream." According to Shi Yuzhi, a professor at the National University of Singapore, the Chinese Dream is not about individual glory, but about collective effort . Measuring public sentiment on Sina Weibo , Christopher Marquis and Zoe Yang of CivilChina.org found that the Chinese Dream refers more to the common goods bestowed by civil society than it does to individual achievements. A main aim of
11607-435: The Chinese identity and connected to the self-consciousness movement in country. Dahua argues that the Chinese Dream has been internalized within the consciousness of the domestic public and as a result, nationalistic attitudes and opinions in China have subsequently increased. The purpose of the second-generation ethnic policy is to cooperate with the ethnic assimilation project as part of the "national rejuvenation" to create
11766-503: The Chinese nation is the greatest dream for the Chinese nation in modern history. Xi's view is that "China is in the best development period since modern times and the world is in a state of the profound change on a scale unseen in a century." On this belief, Xi argues that "time and momentum are on China's side" citing: (1) the accelerating rise of emerging and developing countries, (2) the rate of new technologies replacing old ones, and (3) changing patterns of global governance. Xi's use of
11925-423: The Chinese state propaganda is therefore the construction of links between individual and national aspirations, which also signifies the convergence of the values of the market economy and state nationalism. This is evident in Chinese entertainment television. In a genre of reality shows in public speaking, for example, contestants frequently connect between their "dreams" and the triumph of China and further emphasize
12084-544: The Forum in 2021. Lord Wei has reduced his work on UK-China trade relations in light of recent strains geopolitically between both countries, and defended his prior work as seeking to bring understanding and peace through enlarging of trade relations. He was a founding member of the Welcoming Committee for Hong Kongers, which aims to positively influence policy on and has helped bring resources in from government to help with
12243-642: The General Office of the CPC Central Military Commission, where he served as one of three secretaries to Geng Biao , a member of the CPC Central Committee's Political Bureau and Minister of Defense. On March 25, 1982, Xi was appointed deputy party secretary of Zhengding County in Hubei. Together with Lü Yulan ( 吕玉兰 ), the other deputy party secretary of Zhengding, Xi wrote a letter to
12402-560: The Incentive Measures for Families Encouraging Intermarriage Between Ethnic Minorities and Han." This policy is very generous with regard to ethnic-Han intermarriage families, with priority consideration and resolution in politics, housing, and children's employment, including a 10,000 yuan award each year for no more than five consecutive years and free tuition for their children from elementary school to high school, etc. County CCP Secretary Zhu Xin remarked: Our advocacy of intermarriage
12561-644: The Municipal Committee Secretary. In 1997, he was named an alternate member of the 15th CCP Central Committee . In 1999, he was promoted to the office of Vice Governor of Fujian, and became governor a year later. Xi proposed the concept of the Golden Triangle at Min River ( Chinese : 闽江口金三角经济圈 ) and oversaw the construction of the Fuzhou 3820 Project Master Plan, which outlines Fuzhou City's growth strategy for 3, 8, and 20 years. He concentrated on
12720-536: The PSC. Xi's anti-corruption campaign is seen by critics, such as The Economist , as a political tool to remove potential opponents and consolidate power. Xi's establishment of a new anti-corruption agency, the National Supervision Commission, ranked higher than the supreme court, has been described by Amnesty International as a "systemic threat to human rights" that "places tens of millions of people at
12879-748: The Shaftesbury Partnership working with Johnson & Johnson and Queens Nursing Institute and Buckinghamshire New University piloted NurseFirst – a clinicians in the community development programme to produce a network of innovators who can create real change for patients, people and communities. In 2013, a report on the pilot, 2 years on, concluded that the first cohort of clinicians showed quantitative and qualitative improvements in their confidence, their leadership skills, their ability to innovate and their ability to make clinical innovation happen. They produced financially sustainable business plans for £1.2 million of cash releasing savings over 3 years. Lord Wei has actively researched life transitions and published
13038-630: The UK to back UK startups and scale ups. On 18 May 2010 at the launch of the New Coalition Government policies on Big Society to a group of community leaders, Lord Wei was appointed as an unpaid Government Adviser on Big Society . He was based at the Office for Civil Society in the Cabinet Office where he worked one day a week, and advised the Government on all aspects of taking forward
13197-471: The building of social structures and community environments in which the people of different ethnic groups are mutually embedded. The Forum's full set of document have not been made public. In his speech, Xi emphasized the term "national integration" many times. His goal is to establish a unified national identity between each ethnic group and to replace ethnic identities with the Zhonghua minzu . The substance of
13356-420: The center government addressing the excessive requisitions that burdened local farmers. Their efforts successfully convinced the center government to reduce the annual requisition amount by 14 million kilograms. In 1983, Zhengding adjusted its agricultural structure, leading to a significant increase in farmers' incomes from 148 yuan to over 400 yuan in 1984, thoroughly solving the county's economic issues. As
13515-462: The central role of the CCP. Xi was reappointed as president, now without term limits, while Li Keqiang was reappointed premier. According to the Financial Times , Xi expressed his views of constitutional amendment at meetings with Chinese officials and foreign dignitaries. Xi explained the decision in terms of needing to align two more powerful posts—general secretary of the CCP and chairman of
13674-458: The city, especially pro-democracy activists . Since coming to power, Xi's tenure has witnessed a significant increase in censorship and mass surveillance , a deterioration in human rights (e.g. the internment of Uyghurs in Xinjiang ), the rise of a cult of personality around his leadership, and the removal of term limits for the presidency in 2018. Xi's political ideas and principles, known as Xi Jinping Thought , have been incorporated into
13833-523: The community expressed a desire to keep him there. However, after Liangjiahe Village advocated for his return, Xi went back in July that same year. Liang Yuming ( 梁玉明 ) and Liang Youhua ( 梁有华 ), the village branch secretaries, supported his application to the Chinese Communist Party. Yet, due to his father, Xi Zhongxun, still facing political persecution, the application was initially blocked by higher authorities. Despite submitting ten applications, it wasn't until
13992-504: The concept of internet sovereignty . The censorship of Misplaced Pages has been stringent; in April 2019, all versions of Misplaced Pages were blocked. Likewise, the situation for users of Weibo has been described as a change from fearing one's account would be deleted, to fear of arrest. A law enacted in 2013 authorized a three-year prison term for bloggers who shared more than 500 times any content considered "defamatory." The State Internet Information Department summoned influential bloggers to
14151-426: The constructive settling in and support for British National Passport Holders into the UK from Hong Kong. In 2013, Lord Wei became a World Economic Forum Young Global Leader . In 2015, Lord Wei became a member of the House of Lords EU Internal Affairs Sub-Committee and stepped down from this Committee in June 2018. He currently serves as a member of the House of Lords Science and Technology Committee. Lord Wei
14310-638: The defense of the right of families to home educate their children without onerous state interference. Lord Wei has been active in the technology world as an advisor, working in venture capital with firms such as Future Planet Capital , as well as with startups such as Dot Investing and Sweetbridge EMEA, working across sectors including real estate, supply chain technology, blockchain/web3, fintech and climate. He and his team claim to offer strategy, impact and technological expertise and he advises boards and founders on innovation and growth. He has published two 'Wei Reports' into how impact orientated venture capital
14469-411: The deterioration could threaten the legitimacy of the CCP. The Chinese Dream is a dream of a prosperous lifestyle reconciled with a sustainable lifestyle. Xi's emphasis on the Chinese Dream also relates to his call to develop a Community of Shared Future for Mankind . foreign policy concept as part of its effort to build relationships with a network of like-minded foreign partners in order to facilitate
14628-607: The development of Changle International Airport , the Min River Water Transfer Project , the Fuzhou Telecommunication Hub , and Fuzhou Port , among others. He concentrated on attracting Taiwanese and foreign investment, establishing Southwest TPV Electronics and Southeast Automobile in Fuzhou, and fostering Fuyao Glass , Newland Digital Technology and other manufacturing firms. Furthermore, he rehabilitated local cultural landmarks, including as
14787-661: The development of the first strategic plan for the city, the Xiamen Economic and Social Development Strategy for 1985–2000. From August, Along with helping to prepare Xiamen Airlines , the Xiamen Economic Information Center, and the Xiamen Special Administrative Region Road Project, etc, he oversaw the resolution for Yundang Lake 's comprehensive treatments. He married Peng Liyuan then in Xiamen. He started serving as
14946-409: The distribution of capital, and restructure state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to allow further competition, potentially by attracting foreign and private sector players in industries previously highly regulated. This policy aimed to address the bloated state sector that had unduly profited from re-structuring by purchasing assets at below-market prices, assets no longer being used productively. Xi launched
15105-519: The downfall of prominent incumbent and retired CCP officials, including former PSC member Zhou Yongkang . For the sake of promoting " common prosperity ", Xi has enacted a series of policies designed to increase equality, overseen targeted poverty alleviation programs, and directed a broad crackdown in 2021 against the tech and tutoring sectors. Furthermore, he has expanded support for state-owned enterprises (SOEs), advanced military-civil fusion , and attempted to reform China's property sector. Following
15264-517: The dreams and contribute to the revitalization of the nation." There are various connotations and interpretations of the term. The concept of the Chinese Dream is part of the inspiration for the Belt and Road Initiative and Made in China 2025 . The phrase "Chinese Dream" ( 中国梦 ) corresponds with the associated idea of a hope for restoring earlier dynasties ' lost national greatness and has ancient origins in Chinese literary and intellectual history. In
15423-402: The extreme conditions of the 1980s and 1990s are combined with progressive planning concepts and personal portraits of a rapidly changing society. As such, it synthesizes a body of research to tackle the main paradoxes at the heart of China's struggle for change and a more equitable and sustainable future. According to Mars, "The present is so all-consuming that fast realities threaten to eclipse
15582-632: The filming base of Dream of the Red Mansions in Zhengding and secured 3.5 million yuan to build Rongguo Mansion, which significantly boosted the county's tourism industry, generating 17.61 million yuan in revenue that year. Additionally, Xi invited prominent figures such as Hua Luogeng , Yu Guangyuan , Pan Chengxiao to visit Zhengding, which eventually led to the development of the county's "semi-urban" strategy, leveraging its proximity to Shijiazhuang for diverse business growth. In September 1984, during
15741-423: The formation of "centrally-dispatched inspection teams". These were cross-jurisdictional squads whose task was to gain understanding of the operations of provincial and local party organizations, and enforce party discipline mandated by Beijing. Work teams had the effect of identifying and initiating investigations of high-ranking officials. Over one hundred provincial-ministerial level officials were implicated during
15900-629: The founding partner of the Shaftesbury Partnership, the founder of Maker Life, a member of the founding team of Teach First and a former adviser at Absolute Return For Kids . He is also a former fellow of the Young Foundation . and World Economic Forum Young Global Leader . Lord Wei has also served as the Chairman of the Conservative Friends of the Chinese , but stepped down in August 2020. He
16059-520: The fuel shortages in his village, he traveled to Mianyang to learn about biogas digesters. Upon returning, he successfully implemented the technology in Liangjiahe, marking a breakthrough in Shaanxi that soon spread throughout the region. Additionally, he led efforts to drill wells for water supply, establish iron industry cooperatives, reclaim land, plant flue-cured tobacco, and set up sales outlets to address
16218-421: The glorious youth, strive with pioneer spirit and contribute their wisdom and energy to the realization of the Chinese dream." According to an opinion piece by Robert Lawrence Kuhn , published by China's state-controlled newspaper China Daily , the Chinese Dream has four parts: "strong China", "civilized China", "harmonious China", and "beautiful China". Khun states, "the Chinese dream is described as achieving
16377-500: The government deems as strategic. His administration made it easier for banks to issue mortgages , increased foreign participation in the bond market, and increased the national currency renminbi's global role, helping it to join IMF's basket of special drawing right . In 2018, he promised to continue reforms but warned nobody "can dictate to the Chinese people." Xi has made eradicating extreme poverty through targeted poverty alleviation
16536-559: The hallmark of his administration, stating, "Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream of the Chinese nation in modern times." Formulated by Wang Huning , Xi's Chinese Dream is described as achieving the Two Centenaries : the material goal of China becoming a "moderately well-off society" by 2021, the 100th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party , and the modernization goal of China becoming
16695-503: The head of a region after being appointed just as the secretary of Ningde in September 1988. and Ningde's economy was far worse at that time than that of Fuzhou and Xiamen. Xi organized his work log and experience during his Ningde period into his book Getting out of Poverty , and handled the local poverty eradicating efforts and local CCP building projects. The CCP Fujian Provincial Committee decided in May 1990 to assign Xi to Fuzhou City as
16854-801: The helm of a top-level CCP committee dubbed the 6521 Project , which was charged with ensuring social stability during a series of politically sensitive anniversaries in 2009. Xi's position as the apparent successor to become the paramount leader was threatened with the rapid rise of Bo Xilai , the party secretary of Chongqing at the time. Bo was expected to join the PSC at the 18th Party Congress , with most expecting that he would try to eventually maneuver himself into replacing Xi. Bo's policies in Chongqing inspired imitations throughout China and received praise from Xi himself during Xi's visit to Chongqing in 2010. Records of praises from Xi were later erased after he became paramount leader. Bo's downfall would come with
17013-409: The higher levels of the government. Since Xi became general secretary, censorship has stepped up. Chairing the 2018 China Cyberspace Governance Conference, Xi committed to "fiercely crack down on criminal offenses including hacking, telecom fraud, and violation of citizens' privacy." During a visit to Chinese state media, Xi stated that " party and government-owned media must hold the family name of
17172-508: The importance of "high-quality growth" rather than "inflated growth." He has stated China has abandoned a growth-at-all-costs strategy which Xi refers to as "GDP heroism." Instead, Xi said other social issues such as environmental protection are important. Xi has circulated a policy called " dual circulation ," meaning reorienting the economy towards domestic consumption while remaining open to foreign trade and investment. Xi has prioritised boosting productivity . Xi has attempted to reform
17331-658: The inter-island growth strategy of Fuzhou and Xiamen, which motivated local officials to swiftly overcome the repercussions of the Yuanhua smuggling case ( Chinese : 远华走私案 ) and adopt a new development strategy. Xi also oversaw the development of "Digital Fujian", including the province's complaint hotline into the "12345 Citizen Service Platform," so enhancing organizational efficiency. In 2002, Xi left Fujian and took up leading political positions in neighbouring Zhejiang. He eventually took over as provincial Party Committee secretary after several months as acting governor, occupying
17490-598: The legitimacy of the CCP in delivering a better future. Author Helen H. Wang was one of the first to connect the Chinese Dream with the American Dream . In her book The Chinese Dream , Wang wrote: "The Chinese Dream, taking its title from the American Dream, alluding to an easily identifiable concept..." Wang attempts to demonstrate that the Chinese people have similar dreams as those of the American people. "This new [Chinese] middle class," Wang wrote, "which barely existed
17649-470: The line of the central leadership. Xi was appointed to the nine-man PSC at the 17th Party Congress in October 2007. He was ranked above Li Keqiang , an indication that he was going to succeed Hu Jintao as China's next leader . In addition, Xi also held the first secretary of the CCP's Central Secretariat . This assessment was further supported at the 11th National People's Congress in March 2008, when Xi
17808-572: The mercy of a secretive and virtually unaccountable system that is above the law." Xi has overseen significant reforms of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), CCP's highest internal control institution. He and CCDI Secretary Wang Qishan further institutionalized CCDI's independence from the day-to-day operations of the CCP, improving its ability to function as a bona fide control body. According to The Wall Street Journal , anti-corruption punishment to officials at or above
17967-405: The most powerful Chinese leader since Mao Zedong, especially since the ending of presidential two-term limits in 2018. Xi has departed from the collective leadership practices of post-Mao predecessors. He has centralised his power and created working groups with himself at the head to subvert government bureaucracy, making himself become the unmistakable central figure of the administration. In
18126-566: The new commune secretary, Bai Guangxing ( 白光兴 ), recognized Xi's capabilities that his application was forwarded to the CCP Yanchuan County Committee and approved in early 1974. Around that time, as Liangjiahe village underwent leadership changes, Xi was recommended to become the Party branch chairman of the Liangjiahe Brigade. After taking office, Xi noted that Mianyang , Sichuan was using biogas technology and, given
18285-502: The official host); and stops in California and Iowa . In Iowa, he met with the family that previously hosted him during his 1985 tour as a Hebei provincial official. A few months before his ascendancy to the party leadership, Xi disappeared from official media coverage and cancelled meeting with foreign officials for several weeks beginning on 1 September 2012, causing rumors. He then reappeared on 15 September. On 15 November 2012, Xi
18444-645: The only current ethnic Chinese peer in The House of Lords, and the first member of Chinese ethnic origin to have been born and brought up in the UK, Lord Wei takes an interest in British Chinese community issues, particularly in social reform. He is also interested in economic and cultural ties between the UK and China. His focus in working with East Asia comprises now of work within the Conservative Party to help engage ethnic East Asian voters and help them gain
18603-522: The onset of COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China , he initially presided over a zero-COVID policy from January 2020 to December 2022 before ultimately shifting towards a mitigation strategy . Xi has pursued a more aggressive foreign policy, particularly with regard to China's relations with the U.S. , the nine-dash line in the South China Sea , and the Sino-Indian border dispute . Additionally, for
18762-537: The opinion of at least one political scientist, Xi "has surrounded himself with cadres he met while stationed on the coast, Fujian and Shanghai and in Zhejiang." Observers have said that Xi has seriously diluted the influence of the once-dominant " Tuanpai ," also called the Youth League Faction, which were CCP officials who rose through the Communist Youth League (CYLC). He criticized the cadres of
18921-528: The organisations he had previously been involved with. On 24 May 2011, Lord Wei announced his decision to step down from his role as Government Advisor on Big Society to help as a volunteer to drive the practical development of Big Society ideas in communities. The Prime Minister, David Cameron said 'Nat has worked incredibly hard over two years to help develop policies that support the Big Society. He has played an important role in delivering key initiatives like Community Organisers, National Citizen Service , and
19080-416: The other five members were new. In a marked departure from the common practice of Chinese leaders, Xi's first speech as general secretary was plainly worded and did not include any political slogans or mention his predecessors. Xi mentioned the aspirations of the average person, remarking, "Our people ... expect better education, more stable jobs, better income, more reliable social security, medical care of
19239-422: The other historical resolutions, Xi's one did not herald a major change in how the CCP evaluated its history. To accompany the historical resolution, the CCP promoted the terms Two Establishes and Two Safeguards , calling the CCP to unite around and protect Xi's core status within the party. The 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party , held between 16 and 22 October 2022, has overseen amendments in
19398-427: The party " ( 党和政府主办的媒体必须姓党 ) and that the state media "must embody the party's will, safeguard the party's authority." His administration has overseen more Internet restrictions imposed, and is described as being "stricter across the board" on speech than previous administrations. Xi has taken a strong stand to control internet usage inside China, including Google and Facebook , advocating Internet censorship under
19557-568: The power of special interests . Chinese liberals have defined the Chinese Dream as a dream of constitutionalism . Southern Weekly , a liberal newspaper based in Guangzhou, attempted to publish an editorial titled "The Chinese dream: a dream of constitutionalism" which advocated the separation of powers , but was censored by the authorities. Both Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang support economic reform, but have shied away from discussing political reform. Premier Li has said that "But however deep
19716-405: The proof of multiculturalism in the US, Brazil, and India adopting the model of the "ethnic melting pot " can prove the correctness of second-generation ethnic policies in China. Deepening the ethnic minorities’ adoption of the identity of the Chinese nation is the main thrust of the second-generation ethnic policy. The purpose is to cultivate a unified national identity under the CCP. Therefore,
19875-420: The property sector to combat the steep increase in prices and cut the economy's dependence on it. In the 19th CCP National Congress, Xi declared "Houses are built to be inhabited, not for speculation." In 2020, Xi's government formulated the " three red lines " policy that aimed to deleverage the heavily indebted property sector. Xi has supported a property tax , for which he has faced resistance from members of
20034-471: The ranks politically in China's coastal provinces. Xi was governor of Fujian from 1999 to 2002, before becoming governor and party secretary of neighboring Zhejiang from 2002 to 2007. Following the dismissal of the party secretary of Shanghai, Chen Liangyu , Xi was transferred to replace him for a brief period in 2007. He subsequently joined the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) of the CCP
20193-588: The relaxation of restrictions on foreign direct investment (FDI) and increased cross-border holdings of stocks and bonds. Xi has increased state control over the economy, voicing support for SOEs, while also supporting the private sector. CCP control of SOEs has increased, while limited steps towards market liberalization, such as increasing mixed ownership of SOEs were undertaken. Under Xi, "government guidance funds," public-private investment funds set up by or for government bodies, have raised more than $ 900 billion for early funding to companies that work in sectors
20352-654: The revolution. His father was later imprisoned in 1968 when Xi was aged 15. In 1968, Xi submitted an application to the Bayi School's Reform Committee and insisted on leaving Beijing for the countryside. On January 13, 1969, they left Beijing and arrived in Liangjiahe Village, Yan'an , Shaanxi, alongside the Mao Zedong's Down to the Countryside Movement . The rural areas of Yan'an were very backward, which created
20511-564: The sake of advancing Chinese economic interests abroad, Xi has sought to expand China's influence in Africa and Eurasia by championing the Belt and Road Initiative . Despite meeting with Taiwanese president Ma Ying-jeou in 2015, Xi presided over a deterioration in relations between Beijing and Taipei under Ma's successor, Tsai Ing-wen . In 2020, Xi oversaw the passage of a national security law in Hong Kong which clamped down on political opposition in
20670-593: The same year and was the first-ranking secretary of the Central Secretariat in October 2007. In 2008, he was designated as Hu Jintao 's presumed successor as paramount leader. Towards this end, Xi was appointed vice president of the PRC and vice chairman of the CMC . He officially received the title of leadership core from the CCP in 2016. While overseeing China's domestic policy, Xi has introduced far-ranging measures to enforce party discipline and strengthen internal unity. His anti-corruption campaign led to
20829-581: The second-generation ethnic policy is the enlightenment of the ethnic policy in Xi's era. The new policy of "ethnic mingling" ( jiaorong ) proposed by Xi in 2014 is an assimilation policy based on "national integration" and "national unity." Xi attended the Second Xinjiang Work Forum, and stressed that: We must strengthen the interaction, interchange and intermingling between ethnic groups; we must prepare and expand all kinds of shared constructive projects, advance "bilingual education" and promote
20988-697: The secretary of the CCP Zhengding County Committee in July 1983, Xi initiated several development projects, including the development of "Nine Articles of Zhengding talents", the construction of Changshan Park, the restoration of the Longxing Temple , the formation of a tourism company, and the establishment of the Rongguo Mansion and Zhengding Table Tennis Base. He also persuaded the China Teleplay Production Center to set
21147-476: The slogan ties national and personal prosperity together to evoke a patriotic goal based on Chinese peoples' efforts to build better lives for their families. In May 2013, Xi Jinping called upon young people "to dare to dream, work assiduously to fulfill the dreams and contribute to the revitalization of the nation." He called upon all levels of the Party and the government to facilitate favorable conditions for their career development. Xi told young people to "cherish
21306-423: The slow dream of tomorrow." The overarching premise of the book is that China reveals a direct correlation between its shifting urban forms and its waning societal objectives. Written eight years ahead of the 12th FYP that holds the same thematic title "The Chinese Dream" ( Chinese : 中国梦 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó Mèng ), it introduces the notion that China's highly fragmented, unchanging urban patterns determine
21465-418: The so-called "Liyuan Style" is an illustration of the China Dream. Gosset said that China's new First Lady Peng Liyuan is at the intersection of what he labeled "Modern China," "Civilizational China", and "Global China". The Chinese Dream is vaguely defined, and has led to multiple interpretations describing the phrase's meaning. Its articulation by Xi has led to an outpouring of commentary. The core task of
21624-422: The social problems that affluence can bring, elsewhere called ' Affluenza '? Or will the Chinese people themselves inside and outside China create a new sustainable Chinese Dream, based on their ancient values of respect for culture, family, and nature, harnessing technology and creativity? The British publication The Economist credits a column written by the American journalist Thomas Friedman for popularizing
21783-486: The term in China. A translation of Friedman's article, "China Needs Its Own Dream," published in The New York Times (October 2012) was widely popular in China. Friedman attributes the phrase to Peggy Liu, the founder of the environmentalist NGO JUCCCE. According to Isaac Stone Fish, former Asia editor for the magazine Foreign Policy , Friedman said, "I only deserve part credit... ensuing the concept of 'China Dream'
21942-546: The trade war in 2018, Xi has revived calls for "self-reliance," especially on technology. Domestic spending on R&D has significantly increased, surpassing the European Union (EU) and reaching a record $ 564 billion in 2020. The Chinese government has supported technology companies like Huawei through grants, tax breaks, credit facilities and other assistance, enabling their rise but leading to US countermeasures. In 2023, Xi put forward new productive forces , this refers to
22101-538: The train, citing a loosely enforced party regulation that stipulated that special trains can only be reserved for "national leaders." While in Shanghai, he worked on preserving unity of the local party organisation. He pledged there would be no 'purges' during his administration, despite the fact many local officials were thought to have been implicated in the Chen Liangyu corruption scandal. On most issues, Xi largely echoed
22260-419: The truth. This is an important embodiment of a leading official's characteristics of truth seeking, embodying justice, devotion to public interests, and uprightness. Moreover, he highlighted that the premise of telling the truth is to listen to the truth. Xi vowed to crack down on corruption immediately after he ascended to power. In his inaugural speech as general secretary, Xi mentioned that fighting corruption
22419-540: The vice ministerial level need approval from Xi. The Wall Street Journal said that when he wants to neutralize a political rival, he asks inspectors to prepare pages of evidence. It also said he authorizes investigations on close associates of a high-ranking politician, to replace them with his proteges and puts rivals in less important positions to separate them from their political bases. Reportedly, these tactics have even been used against Wang Qishan, Xi's close friend. According to sinologist Wang Gungwu , Xi inherited
22578-476: The village's production and economic challenges. In 1975, when Yanchuan County was allocated a spot at Tsinghua University , the CCP Yanchuan County Committee recommended Xi for admission. From 1975 to 1979, Xi studied chemical engineering at Tsinghua University as a worker-peasant-soldier student in Beijing. After graduating in April 1979, Xi was assigned to the General Office of the State Council and
22737-517: The village, under the persuasion of his aunt Qi Yun and uncle Wei Zhenwu. He worked as the party secretary of Liangjiahe, where he lived in a cave house . He then spent a total of seven years in Yanchuan . In 1973, Yanchuan County assigned Xi Jinping to Zhaojiahe Village in Jiajianping Commune to lead social education efforts. Due to his effective work and strong rapport with the villagers,
22896-693: The voice, representation and participation that they need as Britain's third largest minority group. Up to July 2015, he worked in Parliament through the All Party Parliamentary Group APPG for East Asian Business which he chaired, the All Party Parliamentary China Group of which he was the vice-Chair (special focus on Hong Kong), and the All Party Parliamentary Group for Trade and Investment of which he
23055-503: The wake of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake , Xi visited disaster areas in Shaanxi and Gansu . He made his first foreign trip as vice president to North Korea, Mongolia, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Yemen from 17 to 25 June 2008. After the Olympics, Xi was assigned the post of committee chair for the preparations of the 60th Anniversary Celebrations of the founding of the PRC. He was also reportedly at
23214-536: The water may be, we will wade into the water. This is because we have no alternative. Reform concerns the destiny of our country and the future of our nation." According to official CCP sources, the Chinese Dream is the "essence of Socialism with Chinese characteristics." In October 2013, Britain's Chancellor of the Exchequer , George Osborne , described the Chinese Dream as a political reform that includes "rebalancing from investment to consumption." Financial inclusion
23373-492: The “ethnic mingling” policy implementation by the government evolved into cultural genocide against minorities in Xinjiang since 2017, most prominently against the Uyghurs . The period from 2017 to 2020 is the stage when the government took tough measures to implement the assimilation of ethnic minorities. These scholars claim that cultural genocide is a stage to deepen destruction of the group identity of ethnic minorities. Article 14
23532-443: Was discontinued after the May 2015 election. In 2012, Manchester local government commissioned Lord Wei to write a report on how Manchester can best engage with China. Following that Report, a Manchester-China Forum was established which hosts regular activities to help member businesses share information and knowledge, including seminars, meet-the-buyer events, and other networking opportunities. Lord Wei stepped down from advising
23691-495: Was elected as vice president of the PRC. Following his elevation, Xi held a broad range of portfolios. He was put in charge of the comprehensive preparations for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, as well as being the central government's leading figure in Hong Kong and Macau affairs. In addition, he also became the new president of the Central Party School of the CCP, its cadre-training and ideological education wing. In
23850-423: Was elected to the posts of general secretary of the CCP and chairman of the CMC by the 18th Central Committee of the CCP . This made him, informally, the paramount leader and the first to be born after the founding of the PRC. The following day Xi led the new line-up of the PSC onto the stage in their first public appearance. The PSC was reduced from nine to seven, with only Xi and Li Keqiang retaining their seats;
24009-403: Was exiled to rural Yanchuan County as a teenager following his father's purge during the Cultural Revolution . He lived in a yaodong in the village of Liangjiahe, Shaanxi province , where he joined the CCP after several failed attempts and worked as the local party secretary . After studying chemical engineering at Tsinghua University as a worker-peasant-soldier student , Xi rose through
24168-532: Was from Fuping County , Shaanxi. Xi went to the Beijing Bayi School , and then the Beijing No. 25 School, in the 1960s. He became friends with Liu He , who attended Beijing No. 101 School in the same district, and who later became China's vice premier and a close advisor to Xi after he became China's paramount leader. In 1963, when he was aged 10, his father was purged from the CCP and sent to work in
24327-705: Was one of the toughest challenges for the party. A few months into his term, Xi outlined the Eight-point Regulation , listing rules intended to curb corruption and waste during official party business; it aimed at stricter discipline on the conduct of officials. Xi vowed to root out "tigers and flies," that is, high-ranking officials and ordinary party functionaries. Xi initiated cases against former CMC vice-chairmen Xu Caihou and Guo Boxiong , former PSC member and security chief Zhou Yongkang and former Hu Jintao chief aide Ling Jihua . Along with new disciplinary chief Wang Qishan , Xi's administration spearheaded
24486-478: Was promoted by my friend Peggy Liu, as the motto for her NGO about how to introduce Chinese to the concept of sustainability." James Fallows of The Atlantic has pointed out that the phrase has frequently been used in the past by journalists. He mentions Deborah Fallow's book Dreaming in Chinese , his own article "What Is the Chinese Dream?," and Gerald Lemos' book The End of the Chinese Dream as examples. In response to Fallows, The Economist cites an article in
24645-521: Was published. In the foreword, Wei wrote: The Chinese Dream today as portrayed in Helen's book speaks of a changing China that is discovering consumerism, that is increasingly globalised, and also at a crossroads. Will her path in years to come continue to be one that resembles that of Western countries with all the benefits of further urbanization, wealth, and industrialization, but at the same time challenges in managing scarce resources, population migration, and
24804-475: Was the new regulations to lay the foundations to establish mass internment “re-education" system. The Chinese government promulgated new regulations on the grounds of “de-extremification of Muslims " in Article 14. Since 2014, the trial implementation of intermarriage project established in some places of Xinjiang. The local government of Qiemo County in Xinjiang established a new regulation in 2014, called "Regarding
24963-428: Was the party secretary there for seven months. In Shanghai, Xi avoided controversy and was known for strictly observing party discipline. For example, Shanghai administrators attempted to earn favour with him by arranging a special train to shuttle him between Shanghai and Hangzhou for him to complete handing off his work to his successor as Zhejiang party secretary Zhao Hongzhu . However, Xi reportedly refused to take
25122-465: Was to call for further economic reform and a strengthened military. Xi visited the statue of Deng Xiaoping and his trip was described as following in the footsteps of Deng's own southern trip in 1992 , which provided the impetus for further economic reforms in China after conservative party leaders stalled many of Deng's reforms in the aftermath of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre . On his trip, Xi consistently alluded to his signature slogan,
25281-483: Was treasurer to promote better trade and political and cultural links between the UK and East Asia and work to encourage the next generation of East Asians and other diaspora to develop the leadership skills to play a greater role in public life, in society, and business, and in harnessing the resources that East Asians have globally and locally both financial and non-financial to address global and local problems today. The All Party Parliamentary Group for East Asian Business
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