Chimalpopoca ( Classical Nahuatl : Chīmalpopōca [t͡ʃiːmaɬpoˈpoːka] for "smoking shield," modern Nahuatl pronunciation ) or Chīmalpopōcatzin (1397–1427) was the third Emperor of Tenochtitlan (1417–1427).
17-651: Chimalpopoca was born to the Emperor Huitzilihuitl and Queen Ayauhcihuatl . Chimalpopoca was crowned in 1417 (some sources say 1416 or 1418), at approximately 20 years old. At that time, Tenochtitlan was a tributary of the Tepanec city of Azcapotzalco , which was ruled by his grandfather Tezozomoc . This alliance, and the Mexicas' position within it, was strengthened by Tenochtitlan's loyalty during Tezozomoc's 1418 war with Ixtlilxochitl I of Texcoco . The conquered city
34-476: A causeway constructed to Tlacopan . The causeway contained openings spanned by wooden bridges, which were removed at night. Also during his reign he dedicated a stone for sacrifices in the Tlacocomoco section of Tenochtitlan. The conquest of Tequizquiac is also attributed to him. Chimalpopoca was the son of Huitzilihuitl , the previous ruler, but there are some sources that say he was a son of Acamapichtli ,
51-469: A half-brother Itzcoatl . His maternal grandfather was Acacitli . Only 16 years old when his father died, Huitzilihuitl was elected by the principal chiefs, warriors and priests of the city to replace him. At that time, the Mexica were tributaries of the Tepanec city-state of Azcapotzalco . Huitzilíhuitl, a good politician, continued the policies of his father, seeking alliances with his neighbors. He founded
68-469: A second time, to Miahuaxihuitl . They had a son, Moctezuma I , who also succeeded to the throne as the fifth Huey Tlatoani of Aztecs. During his reign, the weaving industry grew. It provided cotton cloth not only for Tenochtitlan, but also for Azcapotzalco and Cuauhnāhuac . The Mexicas no longer had to dress in coarse ayates " of maguey fibers, but were able to change to soft, dyed cotton. Huitzilíhuitl also wanted to introduce potable water into
85-584: The Aztec Triple Alliance , forming the basis of the eventual Aztec Empire . Itzcoatl next turned his attention to the chinampas districts on the south shores of Lakes Xochimilco and Chalco . Fresh water springs lining these shores had allowed the development of extensive raised gardens, or chinampas , set on the shallow lake floors. Successful campaigns against Xochimilco (1430), Mixquic (1432), Cuitlahuac (1433), and Tezompa would secure agricultural resources for Tenochtitlan and, along with
102-545: The Florentine Codex , Itzcoatl ordered the burning of all historical codices because it was "not wise that all the people should know the paintings". Among other purposes, this allowed the Aztec state to develop a state-sanctioned official history and mythos that venerated Huitzilopochtli . Itzcoatl also continued the building of Tenochtitlan: during his reign temples, roads, and a causeway were built. Itzcoatl established
119-488: The Royal Council or Tlatocan and established four permanent electors to advise the new king, in his inexperience, at the beginning of each reign. He married Ayauhcihuatl , daughter of Tezozómoc , the powerful tlatoani of Azcapotzalco, and obtained a reduction of tribute payments to the symbolic level. Their son Chimalpopoca would succeed his father as tlatoani . After the death of Ayaucíhuatl, Huitzilíhuitl married
136-629: The city, bringing it to the island from the mainland over the brackish water of the lake. But the nobles not approving the cost, he was unable to put his plan into operation. He constructed a fort on a rock on the island. In 1409, the ruler of Texcoco, Techotlala , died and the throne passed to Ixtlilxóchitl I . In the following years, relations between Ixtlilxóchitl and Tezozómoc of Azcapotzalco deteriorated, breaking into open hostilities c. 1416. In spite of having given his daughter Matlalchihuatzin in marriage to Ixtlilxóchitl, Huitzilíhuitl joined his father-in-law in making war on Texcoco. He assisted in
153-747: The conquest and sacking of the cities of Tultitlan , Cuauhtitlan , Chalco , Tollantzingo , Xaltocan , Otompa and Acolman . Huitzilíhuitl profited from the booty of these conquests and also from the traffic of the canoes on the lakes surrounding Tenochtitlan. Huitzilíhuitl died, probably in 1417, before the end of the war between Azcapotzalco and Texcoco. His successor, his son Chimalpopoca, continued to support Tezozómoc and Azcapotzalco. Among his wives were Queen Ayauhcihuatl , Queen Cacamacihuatl , Queen Miahuaxihuitl , and Queen Miyahuaxochtzin . Itzcoatl Itzcoatl ( Classical Nahuatl : Itzcōhuātl [it͡sˈkoːwaːt͡ɬ] , "Obsidian Serpent", modern Nahuatl pronunciation ) (c. 1380–1440)
170-713: The conquest of Culhuacan and Coyoacán , would cement the Triple Alliance's control over the southern half of the Valley of Mexico . With this string of victories, Itzcoatl took the title Culhua teuctli , "Lord of the Culhua", while Totoquilhuaztli, king of Tlacopan, took the title Tepaneca teuctli , "Lord of the Tepanecs". In 1439, Itzcoatl undertook a campaign outside the Valley of Mexico against Cuauhnahuac ( Cuernavaca ). According to
187-657: The details remain unclear. Maxtla also raised the tribute required from Tenochtitlan as further punishment for Chimalpopoca's actions. Maxtla subsequently named their brother, Itzcoatl , the tlatoani of the region. However, Itzcoatl quickly allied himself with Nezahualcoyotl of Texcoco and Totoquihuatzin of Tlacopan, and they collectively took down Maxtla, who had remained the Tepanec king. Huitzilihuitl Huitzilihuitl ( Nahuatl pronunciation: [wit͡siˈliwit͡ɬ] ) or Huitzilihuitzin ( Nahuatl language ; English: Hummingbird Feather ) (1370s – ca. 1417)
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#1733085254444204-478: The first ruler of Tenochtitlan, making him Huitzilihuitl 's brother. Gerónimo de Mendieta , in his Historia eclesiástica indiana , notes the discrepancy and concludes that Huitzilihuitl, Chimalpopoca and Itzcoatl (Chimalpopoca's successor) must have been brothers, based on his understanding of the Aztec system of succession . He had many wives and children. One of the wives was his cousin Matlalatzin . His son
221-469: Was Tezozomoc , king of Ecatepec . Three versions of the family tree of the first Aztec rulers: Chimalpopoca was a grandson of Acamapichtli and Tezozomoc and half-brother of Moctezuma I . When Tezozomoc died in 1426 after a long reign, he was succeeded by his son Tayauh (also known as Tayatzin ). However Maxtla , ruler of Coyoacan and brother of Tayauh, usurped the throne. Chimalpopoca allied with Tayauh, and so Maxtla had Chimalpopoca killed, though
238-413: Was elected as the king when his predecessor, his nephew Chimalpopoca , was killed by Maxtla of the nearby Tepanec āltepētl (city-state) of Azcapotzalco . Allying with Nezahualcoyotl of Texcoco , Itzcoatl went on to defeat Maxtla and end the Tepanec domination of central Mexico. After this victory, Itzcoatl, Nezahualcoyotl, and Totoquilhuaztli , king of Tlacopan , forged what would become known as
255-520: Was granted to Tenochtitlan as a tributary. Nezahualcoyotl , displaced prince of Texcoco, was living in the mountains. Chimalpopoca interceded with Tezozomoc on his behalf, and Tezozomoc agreed to allow Netzahualcoyotl to live in Tenochtitlan under his protection. In 1426 Tezozómoc assisted Chimalpopoca in the construction of a new aqueduct. This aqueduct was of wood, and ran from the elevated place of Chapultepec to Tenochtitlan. Chimalpopoca also had
272-571: Was the fourth king of Tenochtitlan , and the founder of the Aztec Empire , ruling from 1427 to 1440. Under Itzcoatl the Mexica of Tenochtitlan threw off the domination of the Tepanecs and established the Triple Alliance (Aztec Empire) together with the other city-states Tetzcoco and Tlacopan . Itzcoatl was the natural son of tlàtoāni Acamapichtli and an unknown Tepanec woman from Azcapotzalco. He
289-582: Was the second Tlatoani or king of Tenochtitlan . According to the Codex Chimalpahin, he reigned from 1390 to 1415, according to the Codex Aubin, he reigned from 1396 to 1417 and according to the Codex Chimalpopoca, he reigned from 1403 to 1417. Huitzilíhuitl was born in Tenochtitlan, and was the son of Acamapichtli , first tlatoani of the Mexica , and Queen Tezcatlan Miyahuatzin , and had
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