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29-460: The city is practically coextensive with the municipality. The census of 2005 reported a population of 524,223 for the city and 525,389 for the municipality as a whole. Chimalhuacán was founded 1259 by three chiefs or tlatoani named Huauxomatl, Chalchiutlatonac and Tlatzcantecuhtli. These chiefs and their people originated from Tula and Culhuacán . They spoke Chichimeca and Mexica languages but with time their customs merged and Náhuatl became

58-637: A large resource pool of obsidian and salt ware. This increased usefulness of such regions and played a role in their social status and mobility throughout the empire. As expansion continued with tribute, the demand for warriors to serve the Empire in their efforts to take control of nearby city/state regions increased drastically. "Land belonged to the city-state ruler, and in return for access to land commoners were obliged to provide their lord with tribute in goods and rotational labor service. They could also be called on for military service and construction projects." It

87-670: A means for maintaining control over conquered areas. This meant that rather than replacing existing political figures with Aztec rulers or colonizing newly conquered areas, the Aztecs would simply collect tributes. Ideally, there was no interference in the local affairs of conquered peoples unless these tributes were not paid. There were two types of provinces that paid tribute to the Aztec Empire. First, there were strategic provinces. These provinces were considered client states , as they consensually paid tributes in exchange for good relations with

116-434: A new park in the center of the municipality, Plaza Estado de Mexico Chimalhuacan, with a library, theater and other places for entertainment. The entry of the municipality has a monument to Chimalhucán, called Guerrero Chimalli , a 60-meter tall steel statue. The municipality has an area of 46.61 km (17.996 sq mi). The adjacent municipalities are Nezahualcóyotl , Atenco , Texcoco , Chicoloapan , and La Paz . The city

145-414: A recognition of political submission by the payer to the payee is uniquely required. The Aztec Empire is another example, as it received tribute from the various city-states and provinces that it conquered. Ancient China received tribute from various states such as Japan , Korea , Vietnam , Cambodia, Borneo, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar and Central Asia. The Aztecs used tributes as

174-485: A tax. It could be levied on land, landowners, and slaveholders, as well as on people. Even when assessed on individuals, the amount was often determined by the value of the group's assets and did not depend—as did Islamic jizya—upon actual head counts of men of fighting age. Christian Iberian rulers would later adopt similar taxes during their reconquest of the peninsula. Christians of the Iberian Peninsula translated

203-526: A title. The tributary relationship between China and Korea was established during the Three Kingdoms of Korea , but in practice it was only a diplomatic formality to strengthen legitimacy and gain access to cultural goods from China. This continued under different dynasties and varying degrees until China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895. The relationship between China and Vietnam

232-515: Is a historical title used by the dynastic rulers of āltepēmeh (singular āltepētl , often translated into English as " city-state "), autonomous political entities formed by many pre-Columbian Nahuatl -speaking peoples in the Valley of Mexico during the Postclassic Period . The title of huēyi tlahtoāni  [ es ] ( [ˈweːjiˀ t͡ɬaʔtoˈaːniˀ] , "great ruler, emperor")

261-473: Is referred to as Shinkou ( 進貢  [ ja ] ), Sakuhou ( 冊封  [ ja ] ) and Choukou ( 朝貢  [ ja ] ). According to the Chinese Book of Han , the various tribes of Japan (constituting the nation of Wa ) had already entered into tributary relationships with China by the first century. However, Japan ceased to present tribute to China and left the tributary system during

290-434: Is the sixth largest in the state in population (after Ecatepec de Morelos , Nezahualcóyotl , Naucalpan de Juárez , Toluca , and Tlalnepantla de Baz ). During September 2015, a series of attacks on the citizens of Chimalhuacan began. The attacker was nicknamed "La Degolladora" ("The Throat-Slitter", "The Slasher") by local and international press due to the use of knives to injure and kill people randomly. Six members of

319-444: Is wealth, often in kind , that a party gives to another as a sign of submission, allegiance or respect. Various ancient states exacted tribute from the rulers of lands which the state conquered. In the case of alliances , lesser parties may pay tribute to more powerful parties as a sign of allegiance. Tributes are different from taxes, as they are not collected in the same regularly routine manner that taxes are. Further, with tributes,

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348-504: The Heian period without damaging economic ties. Although Japan eventually returned to the tributary system during the Muromachi period in the reign of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu , it did not recommence presenting tribute, and it did not last after Yoshimitsu's death (Note that Ashikaga Yoshimitsu was a Shogun , hence technically, he was not the head of the state. Hence, this made him subordinate to both

377-546: The emperor of Japan and the Chinese emperor at the same time. The Japanese emperor continued to refuse to join the tributary system). According to the Korean historical document Samguk Sagi ( Korean :  삼국사기 ; Hanja :  三國史記 ), Goguryeo sent a diplomatic representative to the Han dynasty in 32 AD, and Emperor Guangwu of Han officially acknowledged Goguryeo with

406-543: The tlahtoāni would be informed immediately of deaths and captures of his warriors. He would also be in charge of informing his citizens about fallen or captive warriors, and would present gifts to the successful ones. There were eleven tlahtohqueh of Tenochtitlan. Beginning with Itzcoatl, the tlahtoāni of Tenochtitlan was also the huēyi tlahtoāni of the Aztec Empire . Tribute A tribute ( / ˈ t r ɪ b juː t / ; from Latin tributum , "contribution")

435-519: The 20th century, the geopolitics of East and Southeast Asia were influenced by the Chinese tributary system. This assured them their sovereignty and the system assured China the incoming of certain valuable assets. "The theoretical justification" for this exchange was the Mandate of Heaven , that stated the fact that the emperor of China was empowered by the heavens to rule, and with this rule the whole mankind would end up being beneficiary of good deeds. Most of

464-518: The Asian countries joined this system voluntary. The Islamic Caliphate introduced a new form of tribute, known as the ' jizya ', that differed significantly from earlier Roman forms of tribute. According to Patricia Seed: What distinguished jizya historically from the Roman form of tribute is that it was exclusively a tax on persons, and on adult men. Roman "tribute" was sometimes a form of borrowing as well as

493-424: The Aztecs. Second, there were tributary provinces or tributary states . These provinces were mandated to pay a regular tribute, whether they wanted to or not. Many different levels of Aztec officials were involved in managing the empire's tribute system. The lowest ranking officials were known as calpixque . Their job was to collect, transport, and receive tributes from each province. Sometimes one calpixque

522-461: The Chinese-established empires throughout ancient history, including neighboring countries such as Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, Borneo, Indonesia and Central Asia. This tributary system and relationship are well known as Jimi ( 羁縻  [ zh ] ) or Cefeng ( 冊封  [ zh ] ), or Chaogong ( 朝貢  [ zh ] ). In Japanese, the tributary system and relationship

551-656: The dominant language. It became subject to Texcoco, and through that belonged to the Aztec Triple Alliance in 1431. The Spanish town of Chimalhuacán was founded in 1529 and the Dominicans built a church and monastery here in 1563. Although the city takes up almost all of the municipality, Chimalhuacán, as the municipal seat, has governing jurisdiction over the following communities: Colonia Nueva de Guadalupe la Palma, La Pista de los Corredores, Pista Aérea, Tlatel San Juan Xochiaca Parte Alta, and Zapotla. Chimalhuacan has

580-697: The literal meaning of "one who speaks". In English, it has been translated variously as "king", "sovereign", "ruler" or, based on its etymology, " speaker ". It takes the plural form tlahtohqueh ( [t͡ɬaʔˈtoʔkeʔ] ), and the construct form * tlahtohcā- , as in tlahtohcāyōtl ("rulership, realm"), tlahtohcātlālli ("royal lands"), and tlahtohcācalli ("royal palace"). Related titles include tlahtohcāpilli ( [t͡ɬaʔtoʔkaːˈpilːiˀ] ), given to princes and other prominent noblemen, and cihuātlahtoāni ( [siwaːt͡ɬaʔtoˈaːniˀ] ), used to designate noblewomen including consorts or princesses . The cihuācōātl

609-408: The resolution of judicial disputes. Typically a dynastic ruler hailing from the royal lineage, the tlahtoāni served for life. However, in certain instances, a council of nobles, elders, and priests could elect a tlahtoāni from a pool of four candidates. The term tlahtoāni ( [t͡ɬaʔtoˈaːniˀ] ) is an agent noun derived from the verb tlahtoa , meaning "to speak", thereby carrying

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638-596: The ″Loca Tristeza Mexicana″ band were arrested in March 2021 for two murders in 2020. Band members were heavily armed and in possession of drugs. They were also implicated in a kidnapping and murder of a local firefighter in 2018. 19°24′47″N 98°59′02″W  /  19.41306°N 98.98389°W  / 19.41306; -98.98389 Tlatoani Tlahtoāni ( Classical Nahuatl : tlahtoāni pronounced [t͡ɬaʔtoˈaːniˀ] , "ruler, sovereign"; plural tlahtohqueh [t͡ɬaʔˈtoʔkeʔ] )

667-711: Was a "hierarchic tributary system". China ended its suzerainty over Vietnam with the Treaty of Tientsin (1885) following the Sino-French War . Thailand was always subordinate to China as a vassal or a tributary state since the Sui dynasty until the Taiping Rebellion of the late Qing dynasty in the mid-19th century. Some tributaries of imperial China encompasses suzerain kingdoms from China in East Asia has been prepared. Before

696-440: Was also a military trained official known as the cuahtlatoani . They were only involved when newly conquered provinces resisted paying tribute. Natural resources were in high demand throughout the Aztec Empire because they were crucial for construction, weaponry and religious ceremonies. Certain regions of Mexico with higher quantities of natural resources were able to pay a larger tribute. The basin of Mexico, for instance, had

725-484: Was assigned to an entire province. Other times, multiple calpixques were assigned to each province. This was done to ensure that there was one calpixque present at each of the provinces' various towns. One rank higher than the calpixque were the huecalpixque . They served as managers of the calpixque. Above the huecalpixque were the petlacalcatl . Based in Tenochtitlan , they oversaw the entire tribute system. There

754-499: Was presented to him from those reports to be able to construct a layout of the enemy. This was essential because this ensured the safety and success of each battle. These layouts would be heavily detailed from city structures to surrounding area. The tlahtoāni would be the most informed about any conflict and would be the primary decision maker during war. He would also be in charge of gaining support from allied rulers by sending gifts and emissaries from his city-state. During warfare

783-512: Was the second in command after the tlahtoāni , was a member of the nobility, served as the supreme judge for the court system, appointed all lower court judges, and handled the financial affairs of the āltepētl . During times of war, the tlahtoāni would be in charge of creating battle plans, and making strategies for his army. He would draft these plans after receiving information from various scouts, messengers, and spies who were sent out to an enemy āltepētl (city-state). Detailed information

812-410: Was used by the rulers of the Aztec Empire , an alliance between the āltepēmeh of Tenochtitlan , Tetzcoco , and Tlacopan . Each āltepētl had its own tlahtoāni who would concurrently function as its ruler, high priest and commander-in-chief . The tlahtoāni wielded ultimate authority over all land within the āltepētl , overseeing tribute collection, market activities, temple affairs, and

841-482: Was very common to be called for military service, as it was vital to the expansion of the Aztec Empire. Tributes to the Aztec Empire were also made through gold, silver, jade and other metals that were important to Aztec culture and seen as valuable. China often received tribute from the states under the influence of Confucian civilization and gave them Chinese products and recognition of their authority and sovereignty in return. There were several tribute states to

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