123-605: The Chicago–Kansas City Expressway is a highway that runs between Chicago, Illinois , and Kansas City, Missouri . The road is known as Route 110 in Missouri and Illinois Route 110 ( IL 110 ) in Illinois. IL 110 was created through legislation on May 27, 2010, as the designated route for the Illinois portion of the Chicago–Kansas City Expressway. The Expressway starts in downtown Claycomo on I-35 and leaves
246-585: A folded diamond interchange with the western terminus of K-10 . After this, the highway continues farther east and enters the city of Lawrence , where it shares a diamond interchange with McDonald Drive at exit 202 (West Lawrence ). McDonald Drive leads to US 59 south of the turnpike. East of here, the highway bends east-northeasterly, crosses the Kansas River, and then intersects US 40 and US 59, which run concurrently , at exit 204 (East Lawrence ). The Kansas Turnpike then leaves Lawrence and bends to
369-646: A "highway" as only a way open for use by motor vehicles, but the California Supreme Court has held that "the definition of 'highway' in the Vehicle Code is used for special purposes of that act" and that canals of the Los Angeles neighborhood of Venice are "highways" that are entitled to be maintained with state highway funds. Large scale highway systems developed in the 20th century as automobile usage increased. The first United States limited-access road
492-626: A 24-hour period. Flash flooding along Slate Creek caused that tributary of the Arkansas River to inundate the turnpike four miles (6.4 km) south of the Wellington exit. As a result, just after midnight, the KTA made the decision to close the turnpike between Wellington and the Oklahoma state line. The turnpike reopened on May 10. The Kansas Turnpike uses all-electronic tolling since July 1, 2024. Cash
615-445: A double-trumpet connection to the parallel Kellogg Avenue, which carries US-54 and US-400 . It is one of the original 1956 interchanges. Exit 53, the final Wichita exit, is a trumpet connection to the K-96 freeway. The connector road junctions K-96 at a four-ramp partial cloverleaf interchange and ends at North 127th Street East. The interchange opened c. 1994 along with
738-802: A five-year period." A 2021 study found that areas that obtained access to a new highway experienced a substantial increase in top-income taxpayers and a decline in low-income taxpayers. Highways also contributed to job and residential urban sprawl. Highways are extended linear sources of pollution . Roadway noise increases with operating speed so major highways generate more noise than arterial streets. Therefore, considerable noise health effects are expected from highway systems. Noise mitigation strategies exist to reduce sound levels at nearby sensitive receptors . The idea that highway design could be influenced by acoustical engineering considerations first arose about 1973. Air quality issues: Highways may contribute fewer emissions than arterials carrying
861-403: A highway available to vehicles is also available to foot or horse traffic, a highway available to horse traffic is available to cyclists and pedestrians; but there are exceptional cases in which a highway is only available to vehicles, or is subdivided into dedicated parallel sections for different users. A highway can share ground with a private right of way for which full use is not available to
984-438: A highway. Recent examples include toll bridges and tunnels which have the definition of highway imposed upon them (in a legal order applying only to the individual structure) to allow application of most traffic laws to those using them but without causing all of the general obligations or rights of use otherwise applicable to a highway. Limited access highways for vehicles, with their own traffic rules, are called "motorways" in
1107-405: A maximum speed of 80 mph (130 km/h). From 1970 to 1974 and again since 2011, the turnpike's speed limit has been set at 75 mph (121 km/h); that limit during the earlier period applied only during daytime hours. Around 120,000 drivers use the turnpike daily. The road features numerous services, including a travel radio station and six service areas. One of these service areas
1230-467: A nationwide system of interregional highways did not include a route along or near the present turnpike, instead connecting Oklahoma City and Kansas City via southeastern Kansas and US-69 . By the mid-1940s, this route had shifted to roughly the present I-35 alignment, serving Wichita . The only major difference from the present route was between Wichita and Emporia , where the highway ran north to Newton before turning northeast along US-50 . In
1353-506: A new Intercity Viaduct to Kansas City, Missouri—did not go anywhere. But the fourth proposal, a toll bridge on 18th Street in Kansas City, was pushed through, and the KTA agreed to build the turnpike in early 1956. The 18th Street Expressway , running south from the turnpike's east end over the Kansas River, opened in 1959, improving access to northeast Johnson County . As the turnpike did not use any state tax revenue for maintenance,
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#17330857109871476-560: A number of similarly worded definitions such as "a way over which all members of the public have the right to pass and repass without hindrance" usually accompanied by "at all times"; ownership of the ground is for most purposes irrelevant, thus the term encompasses all such ways from the widest trunk roads in public ownership to the narrowest footpath providing unlimited pedestrian access over private land. A highway might be open to all forms of lawful land traffic (e.g. vehicular, horse, pedestrian) or limited to specific modes of traffic; usually
1599-507: A period of time, similar maintenance issues appeared along the whole length of the road at the same time. Bridges and pavement were repaired on a rotating basis, to stagger the cost of needed repairs. The bridge over the Kansas River was widened and replaced after 1973. As economic conditions improved for the Authority, equipment was slowly replaced, and workers were given pay increases, both of which were badly needed. The East Topeka interchange
1722-409: A public highway is also known as " The King's Highway ". The core definition of a highway is modified in various legislation for a number of purposes but only for the specific matters dealt with in each such piece of legislation. This is typically in the case of bridges, tunnels and other structures whose ownership, mode of use or availability would otherwise exclude them from the general definition of
1845-632: A public road is not included in the relevant statistics. The United States has the world's largest network of highways, including both the Interstate Highway System and the United States Numbered Highway System . At least one of these networks is present in every state and they interconnect most major cities. It is also the world's most expensive mega-project, as the entirety of the Interstate Highway System
1968-419: A separate Emporia–Kansas City alignment, and the mileage that would have been used to build I-35 from Wichita to Emporia via Newton was instead used for I-35W (now I-135 ) from Wichita via Newton to Salina. After almost 22 months of construction, the road was opened for a day of free travel on October 20, 1956, between 6:00 am and 2:00 pm. An estimated 12,000 to 15,000 cars traveled on
2091-505: A southbound exit and northbound entrance, forcing drivers who did not wish to pay a toll to leave I-35 in Oklahoma. By 1976, the other two ramps had been added. From exit 4, the turnpike continues on a due north course, crossing Slate Creek , before coming to the Southern Terminal barrier toll plaza, where tickets are issued for all northbound traffic, and fares are collected from southbound traffic. The next interchange north of
2214-411: A special cashless interchange within an otherwise cash-based ticketed system. Drivers without a K-TAG were asked to pay their toll online at the standard cash rates. If the toll was not paid after 10 days, a bill was mailed to the vehicle's registered owner at a slightly higher "video rate". If the mailed bill fell delinquent, the highest "violation rate" was charged along with late fees. In July 2023,
2337-433: A traffic study, as the KTA had, to prove that the proposed Oklahoma turnpike would be profitable. Oklahoma also suffered from a poorer credit rating than did Kansas. Additionally, by this time, many states' turnpike authorities were competing in the bond markets for investor dollars. All of these issues combined made it difficult for OTA to issue bonds for its toll road. When funding had been obtained, political issues stalled
2460-521: A tribute to commemorate the occasion. On the first day after the official opening, 7,197 vehicles traveled the turnpike, with 81 toll collectors and 50 maintenance workers on duty. The turnpike originally had 14 interchanges; by 2012, there were 22. Despite Oklahoma's role in instigating the construction of the Kansas Turnpike, its plans for a connecting turnpike fell through. The Oklahoma Turnpike Authority (OTA) had not performed
2583-552: A turnpike from Oklahoma to Kansas City, became effective April 7, 1953. It created the KTA, with Gale Moss selected as its first chairman. With a budget of only $ 25,000 (equivalent to $ 227,437 in 2023 ), the KTA's first office was a former barbershop in the Kansas State Capitol . Given Oklahoma 's plans to build a turnpike north from Oklahoma City to the Kansas state line, and taking into account traffic flow maps prepared by
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#17330857109872706-650: Is a 236-mile (380 km) controlled-access toll road that lies entirely within the US state of Kansas . It runs in a general southwest–northeast direction from the Oklahoma border to Kansas City . It passes through several major Kansas cities, including Wichita , Topeka , and Lawrence . The turnpike is owned and maintained by the Kansas Turnpike Authority (KTA), which is headquartered in Wichita. The Kansas Turnpike
2829-457: Is a significant negative externality which is difficult to evaluate quantitatively, making it difficult (but not impossible) to include in transport economics-based research and analysis. Congestion is considered a negative externality by economists. A 2016 study found that for the United States, "a 10% increase in a region's stock of highways causes a 1.7% increase in regional patenting over
2952-633: Is a two-mile (3.2 km) stretch of the route in Good Hope , where it is reduced from a four-lane divided highway to a three-lane undivided street with a center turn lane. At Monmouth , IL 110 joins US 34 and runs east to I-74 . IL 110 then joins I-74 and runs north to near the Quad Cities , joining with I-80 before joining I-88 eastbound. The two highways continue east to I-88's eastern terminus in Hillside , where IL 110 continues on I-290 , terminating at
3075-413: Is being popular in many cities to combat most of the social problems caused from highways. In transport, demand can be measured in numbers of journeys made or in total distance travelled across all journeys (e.g. passenger-kilometres for public transport or vehicle-kilometres of travel (VKT) for private transport ). Supply is considered to be a measure of capacity. The price of the good (travel)
3198-724: Is compatible with the SunPass system in Florida as of February 2023 , but not currently on roads maintained by the Central Florida Expressway Authority . K-TAG is also compatible with the BestPass and PrePass commercial toll transponders, but it is not compatible with any additional systems, including the E-ZPass system in the eastern United States. Prior to 2024, the turnpike used a ticket-based collection system . When entering
3321-436: Is located on the north side of the road east of here at mile 188. It is accessed by ramps on the right side of the highway in both directions. Just east of the service area, the turnpike enters Douglas County while passing over US 40 without an interchange. The route then curves to the southeast and runs roughly parallel to US 40. A series of curves takes the turnpike farther east as it reaches exit 197 ( Lecompton ),
3444-504: Is measured using the generalised cost of travel, which includes both money and time expenditure. The effect of increases in supply (capacity) are of particular interest in transport economics (see induced demand ), as the potential environmental consequences are significant (see externalities below). In addition to providing benefits to their users, transport networks impose both positive and negative externalities on non-users. The consideration of these externalities—particularly
3567-479: Is no longer accepted. Tolls are instead paid using K-TAG (or compatible transponder) or via license plate recognition , which sends a bill to the vehicle's registered owner. As of 2024 , motorists driving two-axle vehicles (such as cars and motorcycles) pay 4.8¢ per mile driven if using a K-TAG, for a total of $ 11.36 to drive the entire length of the turnpike from the Oklahoma state line to Kansas City. Motorists using license plate recognition to pay their toll pay double
3690-503: Is notable for the presence of a memorial to University of Notre Dame football coach Knute Rockne , who died near the current highway's route. Since July 1, 2024, toll collection on the Kansas Turnpike has been all-electronic, with all tolls payable with a K-TAG transponder or via license plate recognition . The turnpike is self-sustaining; it derives its entire revenue from the tolls collected and requires no additional tax money for maintenance or administration. Early federal plans for
3813-486: Is now IL 160, and the section from St. Libory to Addieville was IL 110. The number was dropped in favor of US 460 ; the present IL 15 and IL 160 routings came in the mid-1960s. Raven Road in Washington County is a stub of the former IL 15, and that intersection was the eastern terminus of IL 110. Efforts to construct a direct route from Chicago to Kansas City have been in the planning stages since its exclusion from
Chicago–Kansas City Expressway - Misplaced Pages Continue
3936-590: Is present to allow turnpike travelers to connect to the K-55. The turnpike's next interchange is exit 33 ( Mulvane ), which connects to K-53 /East 119th Street South via a trumpet ramp, just east of the west end of K-53 at US-81. The interchange was built c. 1985 . It was reconstructed in 2011 to serve the Kansas Star Casino with roundabouts on each side of the flyover. The east roundabout directs traffic to K-53. The west roundabout directs traffic to
4059-431: Is the final toll booth on the route traveling east, and all vehicles must pay their final toll before continuing. The turnpike then enters Bonner Springs. It crosses Wolf Creek before leaving Leavenworth County and entering Wyandotte County . In Bonner Springs, the turnpike intersects K-7 , westbound US 24 , westbound US 40, and the southern terminus of US 73 at exit 224 (Bonner Springs, formerly exit 223) with
4182-645: The Bonner Springs interchange, exit numbers change to match the mileage of I-70 east from the Colorado border, which is also used on I-70 west of the turnpike. This results in discontinuous exit numbers on I-70. The first 127 miles (204 km) of the highway, between its southern terminus at the Oklahoma border and Emporia, Kansas , are designated as I-35 . The Kansas Turnpike is the only tolled section on this Interstate. The turnpike runs due north and south between its southern terminus and Wichita. This stretch of
4305-561: The Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad . This route stayed west and north of the Illinois River , so this route never had to cross the limited number of Illinois River bridges in 1917. IL 110 was the designation for what is present-day IL 15 from St. Libory, Illinois to just south of Addieville , where it meets up with IL 160 . During the World War II years, IL 15 was part of what
4428-611: The Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 was signed into law, granting funding to the nationwide Interstate Highway System . Without its Oklahoma link, the Kansas Turnpike was in danger of being bypassed by the Interstate System entirely. However, at the end of 1956, the Bureau of Public Roads and the state of Kansas agreed to route I-35 along the turnpike south of Emporia and I-70 along the piece east of Topeka. The state insisted on
4551-553: The Interstate Highway System in the 1950s. These efforts have been led by the Tri-State Development Summit, an economic development group for western Illinois, southeastern Iowa, and northern Missouri. The proposed highway took different forms over time: a 1989 study found that a full, limited-access tollway running from Kansas Turnpike at Kansas City to the Indiana Toll Road at Gary or Tri-State Tollway near
4674-691: The Jane Byrne Interchange near the Chicago Loop . The Cannon Ball Route was a historic auto trail that ran from Hannibal, Missouri east-northeast to Chicago, Illinois . The route was included in the 1917 Map of Marked Routes provided by the Illinois State Highway Department, a precursor to the modern-day Illinois Department of Transportation . This highway routing closely parallels the Hannibal-Quincy to Chicago branch of
4797-548: The Joliet area would cost $ 2–$ 2.5 billion, if funded entirely by private investors. In a joint resolution between the Illinois House and Senate in late May 2010, an expressway project connecting Chicago -to- Kansas City was named Illinois Route 110 (IL 110). The path, 532 miles (856 km) in total, follows parts of the existing IL 336 , I-88 , I-172 , I-72 , I-74 , US 136 , US 67 and connect
4920-588: The National Maximum Speed Law , when state legislators were given the authority to raise the speed limits on rural Interstate Highways to 65 mph (105 km/h), that this segment of the Kansas Turnpike was given the I-335 designation so that it could fall under the new law. Northeast of Emporia, the Emporia Service Area is in the median at mile 132. The turnpike continues northeast through
5043-463: The Towanda Service Area in the median at mile 65. From the service area, the highway proceeds northeast to exit 71 ( El Dorado ), a trumpet connection to K-254 just east of its junction with K-196 . The connector originally directly intersected K-254, but it now ends between K-254/West Central Avenue and West 6th Avenue at Boyer Road just north of K-254. Exit 71 opened with
Chicago–Kansas City Expressway - Misplaced Pages Continue
5166-542: The "CKC" logo on every route marker between Hannibal and Kansas City. IL 110 crosses into Illinois from the Mark Twain Memorial Bridge east of Hannibal. It follows Interstate 72 (I-72) east to I-172 , then runs north with I-172 to IL 336 around the city of Quincy . Both routes run north to Carthage , where IL 110 and IL 336 join with US 136 . All three routes run east to Macomb , where IL 110 then continues north with US 67 to Monmouth . There
5289-419: The 1920s and 1930s, many nations began investing heavily in highway systems in an effort to spur commerce and bolster national defence. Major highways that connect cities in populous developed and developing countries usually incorporate features intended to enhance the road's capacity, efficiency, and safety to various degrees. Such features include a reduction in the number of locations for user access ,
5412-716: The Intercity Viaduct by the state. After a ruling from the state supreme court that found that the KTA could issue bonds and oversee the construction and administration of the turnpike, the turnpike authority sold $ 160 million (equivalent to $ 1.33 billion in 2023 ) in revenue bonds in September ;1954. KTA bonds were quickly bought by investors, who were attracted by the Kansas Turnpike's low construction costs—only one-third of that of turnpikes in other states—and projections showing that enough tolls would be collected to pay off investors after 19 years. Ground
5535-502: The Interstate Highway System, the road is not engineered to current Interstate Highway standards and notably lacks a regulation-width median. To reduce the risk of head-on collisions, the Kansas Turnpike now has a continuous, permanent Jersey barrier in the median over its entire length. On opening, there was no fixed speed limit on the highway; drivers were merely asked to keep to a "reasonable and proper" limit, although, shortly afterward, signs were erected in certain stretches indicating
5658-498: The K-TAG rate, currently 9.6¢ per mile for a two-axle vehicle (or $ 22.72 for the entire length). Vehicles with more than two axles, such as semi-trucks, pay higher tolls; five-axle vehicles are charged 13.8¢ per mile with K-TAG or 27.6¢ per mile with license plate tolling and nine-axle vehicles pay 33.4¢ per mile with K-TAG or 66.8¢ per mile with license plate tolling. Flat-rate tolls are collected at 21 open road tolling gantries located on
5781-442: The KTA announced that all existing toll booths would be replaced with cashless tolling gantries by the following year. At these toll gantries, a vehicle without K-TAG would have a picture taken of its license plate, and a bill for the toll would be mailed to its owner. In early 2024, the date for the conversion to cashless tolling was officially set to July 1, 2024. The Kansas Turnpike is 236 miles (380 km) long. As of 2014 ,
5904-489: The Kansas Turnpike continues northeast, passing through the southeast corner of Wabaunsee County and the northwestern part of Osage County . The turnpike enters Shawnee County and continues through rural land before it heads into the Topeka area. Here, the roadway has an interchange that serves I-470 and US 75 at exit 177. At this point, I-335 ends and I-470 joins the turnpike as it passes through suburban development in
6027-457: The Kansas Turnpike has 22 interchanges and two barrier toll plazas . Many of the interchanges are designed as trumpet interchanges with a connector road to the crossroad, for easy placement of a single toll plaza on the connector. Exit numbers were originally sequential but are assigned today by mileage from south to east, the same numbering system used by the majority of US states for their Interstate Highways as well. After passing
6150-427: The U.S., many of these effects are from racist planning practices from before the advent of civil rights . This would result in the vast majority of displacement and social effects mostly going to people like African Americans. In recent times, the use of freeway removal or the public policy of urban planning to demolish freeways and create mixed-use urban areas, parks, residential, commercial, or other land uses
6273-654: The UK. Scots law is similar to English law with regard to highways but with differing terminology and legislation. What is defined in England as a highway will often in Scotland be what is defined by s.151 Roads (Scotland) Act 1984 (but only "in this act" although other legislation could imitate) simply as a road , that is: The word highway is itself no longer a statutory expression in Scots law but remains in common law. In American law,
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#17330857109876396-512: The US and Ontario . These classifications refer to the level of government (state, provincial, county) that maintains the roadway. In British English , "highway" is primarily a legal term. Everyday use normally implies roads, while the legal use covers any route or path with a public right of access, including footpaths etc. The term has led to several related derived terms, including highway system , highway code , highway patrol and highwayman . Major highways are often named and numbered by
6519-540: The United States, it is also used as an equivalent term to controlled-access highway , or a translation for motorway , Autobahn , autostrada , autoroute , etc. According to Merriam-Webster , the use of the term predates the 12th century. According to Etymonline , "high" is in the sense of "main". In North American and Australian English , major roads such as controlled-access highways or arterial roads are often state highways (Canada: provincial highways ). Other roads may be designated " county highways " in
6642-448: The area, with a gauge at Plymouth reporting 7.1 inches (18 cm) of rainfall in a 24-hour period. The culvert carrying Jacobs Creek under the turnpike quickly exceeded its capacity, and water rose onto the turnpike. A pool of water four feet (1.2 m) deep formed on the northbound lanes; the concrete median barrier initially prevented most of the water from crossing to the southbound lanes. Seven cars, all headed northbound, stalled in
6765-621: The casino. There is now a toll booth on the casino side of the intersection as well as the one on the entrance to K-53. This interchange straddles the Sumner– Sedgwick county line. In southern Sedgwick County, the Kansas Turnpike enters the Wichita metropolitan area . Exit 39 ( Haysville ) serves two of Wichita's southern suburbs. This exit is a diamond interchange with a connector road (South Mead Drive) to East 71st Street South, which runs west to US-81 and Haysville and east to Derby . It
6888-529: The cities of Quincy , Macomb , Galesburg , a number of communities of the Chicago metropolitan area , including Chicago itself on I-290 . In 2010, signs were posted with the "CKC" banner above the IL ;110 sign. The Illinois Department of Transportation erected 470 IL 110 (CKC) signs at a cost of $ 94,000. Plans exist to extend I-72 westward from its current terminus in Hannibal to St. Joseph, Missouri along
7011-519: The city in a northeast direction. In Cameron , the route turns east on US 36 and crosses the state via Chillicothe and Macon . East of Hannibal , the route continues east on I-72 through Hannibal and across the Mississippi River . US 36 and I-35 in Missouri has the same comprehensive sign package similar to Illinois along the Chicago–Kansas City Expressway, including the Route 110 designation and
7134-409: The city of Emporia, was completed in 2008. After the split with I-35, the Kansas Turnpike continues northeast as I-335. However, its exits are numbered as if I-35 had continued along it. This highway exists entirely as a part of the Kansas Turnpike. In fact, until 1987, this stretch of the turnpike was designated solely as the Kansas Turnpike without an Interstate number. It was only after a change in
7257-649: The early 1950s, toll roads were gaining in popularity as a mechanism for funding new superhighways. This trend started with the Pennsylvania Turnpike in 1940, which was mimicked by other toll roads in New York , New Jersey , several New England states, West Virginia , Ohio , and Colorado . In October 1951, the Highway Council of the Kansas Chamber of Commerce researched the possibility of integrating
7380-458: The existing US 36 , but the proposal was shelved for years despite most of the route being a part of the Chicago–Kansas City Expressway. In May 2023, Missouri lawmakers approved a $ 2.5 million study on the conversion of US 36 into I-72, but in July 2023, the bill was vetoed by Governor Mike Parson , who said that it was not the right time to run the study. The extension of I-72 is seen as a way to relieve
7503-466: The federal government's Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices ). Italy was the first country in the world to build controlled-access highways reserved for fast traffic and for motor vehicles only. The Autostrada dei Laghi ("Lakes Highway"), the first built in the world, connecting Milan to Lake Como and Lake Maggiore , and now parts of the A8 and A9 highways, was devised by Piero Puricelli and
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#17330857109877626-485: The field to provide a safer landing, and the KTA was persuaded to install a huge wooden barrier at the end of the highway. However, within a day, three more drivers had crashed and destroyed the barrier, so the KTA closed the turnpike south of the South Haven interchange. The KTA provided the state of Oklahoma with financial aid to construct its portion of a temporary road leading to the interchange. The lack of continuity in
7749-524: The fire destroyed the building, which also contained a travel information center. Four fire departments responded to the scene. The assistant fire chief and fire chief of the Wellington Fire Department gave conflicting statements on whether the unavailability of the Wellington water tower, which had been emptied while it was being repainted, had hampered efforts to extinguish the blaze. The fire burned for three hours, with hot spots still smoldering
7872-491: The floodwater. The median barrier then gave way, sweeping the stalled cars across the southbound lanes and down the creek as far as 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from the highway. Six people died in the flood. Another flooding event, this one a 100-year flood, caused a portion of the Kansas Turnpike to close in 2019. In the early morning hours of May 8, rain gauges in Rose Hill registered over 10 inches (25 cm) of rainfall in
7995-586: The following day. No injuries were reported. The fire caused $ 2 million (equivalent to $ 3.24 million in 2023 ) in damages. The service plaza was rebuilt, with a reopening celebration occurring on July 24, 2003. A 390-year flood event took place on the night of August 30, 2003, at the Kansas Turnpike's crossing of Jacobs Creek, a tributary of the Cottonwood River 11 miles (18 km) southwest of Emporia (turnpike milepost 116). A thunderstorm that evening dropped large amounts of rain in
8118-431: The general public: for example farm roads which the owner may use for any purpose but for which the general public only has a right of use on foot or horseback. The status of highway on most older roads has been gained by established public use, while newer roads are typically dedicated as highways from the time they are adopted (taken into the care and control of a council or other public authority). In England and Wales,
8241-841: The governments that typically develop and maintain them. Australia's Highway 1 is the longest national highway in the world at over 14,500 kilometres (9,000 mi) and runs almost the entire way around the continent. China has the world's largest network of highways, followed closely by the United States. Some highways, like the Pan-American Highway or the European routes , span multiple countries. Some major highway routes include ferry services, such as US Route 10 , which crosses Lake Michigan . Traditionally highways were used by people on foot or on horses . Later they also accommodated carriages , bicycles and eventually motor cars , facilitated by advancements in road construction . In
8364-409: The higher standards of the Interstate Highway System ; the roadway had developed ruts and other issues due to deferred maintenance. To temporarily fix the problem, a layer of asphalt oil and a layer of sand and asphalt was used to fill in the ruts, and graded rock coated with asphalt was used to seal the road. Since the road had been originally constructed at the same time, and not built in segments over
8487-459: The highway continues northeast past El Dorado Lake, it runs roughly parallel to the Walnut River to the west, which feeds the reservoir, and K-177 to the east. Northwest of the town of Cassoday , K-177 finally crosses the turnpike, with exit 92 (Cassoday ), a diamond interchange, providing a connector to the state highway. The interchange was not present when the turnpike opened in 1956 but
8610-495: The highway department, a preliminary route was chosen connecting the proposed Oklahoma turnpike to Kansas City via Wichita and Topeka. A second route extending from Topeka to Salina and further west to the Colorado state line (the modern-day I-70 corridor) was also studied. Over 173,000 drivers were surveyed to determine how many of them would be willing to use the two proposed routes in order to establish their profitability. While
8733-403: The highway runs parallel to US-81 , which lies to the west of the turnpike. The Kansas Turnpike begins at the Oklahoma state line north of Braman, Oklahoma . This is also the point at which I-35 crosses from Kay County to Sumner County . The turnpike proceeds due north from the state line, with no interchanges for its first four miles (6.4 km) in Kansas. The southernmost interchange on
8856-400: The highway was one of the primary reasons that the road did not generate much revenue in the years following the opening; another reason was a lack of education on the part of motorists as to the concept of a toll road. Although Oklahoma's plans to construct a toll road from the southern end of the Kansas Turnpike at the state line to Oklahoma City did not materialize, a year and a half after
8979-590: The interchange had to pass under the bridge and thus through the toll plaza. The new configuration was built c. 1988 . The freeway takes a brief jog to the northeast before crossing over a Burlington Northern Santa Fe rail line southeast of Riverdale . In the median at mile 26 is the Belle Plaine Service Area. North of the service plaza, the highway bridges the Ninnescah River and then K-55 /East 90th Avenue North. No interchange
9102-432: The local district court, which typically valued the land at a lesser amount; this methodology was not without criticism. During the construction period, the state highway department suffered a " brain drain " as many staffers resigned to take up KTA jobs, which paid better salaries (Chairman Moss's KTA salary was three times that of his salary as director of highways) and offered more exciting challenges. In June 1956,
9225-467: The nearby piece of K-96. East of exit 53, the turnpike passes into Butler County . Exit 57 ( Andover ) connects to East 21st Street northeast of downtown Andover, an eastern suburb of Wichita. The turnpike uses a diamond interchange with the connector road (Southwest Cross Road) to East 21st Street. This interchange opened c. 1985 . It crosses the Whitewater River southwest of
9348-463: The negative ones—is a part of transport economics. Positive externalities of transport networks may include the ability to provide emergency services , increases in land value and agglomeration benefits . Negative externalities are wide-ranging and may include local air pollution , noise pollution , light pollution , safety hazards , community severance and congestion . The contribution of transport systems to potentially hazardous climate change
9471-508: The network. In South Korea , in February 1995 a bus lane (essentially an HOV -9) was established between the northern terminus and Sintanjin for important holidays and on 1 July 2008 bus lane enforcement between Seoul and Osan (Sintanjin on weekends) became daily between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. On 1 October this was adjusted to 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. weekdays, and 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. weekends. In Hong Kong , some highways are set up with bus lanes to solve
9594-528: The northeast before leaving Douglas County and entering Leavenworth . It overpasses Mud Creek before passing under K-32 . Northeast of here at mile 209, the Lawrence Service Area is in the median. Afterward, the turnpike has a diamond interchange with 222nd Street, which is signed as Leavenworth County Road 1, at exit 212 ( Tonganoxie / Eudora ). The highway then travels northeast and passes through it eastern terminal toll booth. This
9717-504: The northern reaches of the Flint Hills, coming to an interchange with US 56 near Admire . This interchange, exit 147, is the only interchange along the I-335 section of the turnpike other than the two end junctions. It is a trumpet connection to US 56, which heads west to Council Grove and east to Osage City , and was one of the original 1956 interchanges. From the Admire exit,
9840-432: The number of intersections. They can also reduce the use of public transport , indirectly leading to greater pollution. High-occupancy vehicle lanes are being added to some newer/reconstructed highways in the United States and other countries around the world to encourage carpooling and mass transit. These lanes help reduce the number of cars on the highway and thus reduces pollution and traffic congestion by promoting
9963-504: The opening of the turnpike, a five-mile (8.0 km) connection to US 177 at Braman was put into service on April 22, 1958. Eventually, I-35 was completed south to Oklahoma City . While the initial turnpike was still being built, the KTA authorized four feasibility studies in October ;1954. Three of them—a spur to Leavenworth and Saint Joseph, Missouri ; a spur from Wichita to Hutchinson , Great Bend , and Hays ; and
10086-566: The original turnpike in 1956. North of El Dorado, exit 76 (El Dorado) connects the Kansas Turnpike to US-77 /North Main Street via a trumpet ramp. It opened c. 1986 . After passing through El Dorado, the Kansas Turnpike crosses the northernmost arms of El Dorado Lake . This marks the turnpike's entry into the Flint Hills , a band of hills in eastern Kansas. The turnpike does not leave this region completely until it reaches Topeka. As
10209-538: The original turnpike, connected directly to US-50 at Overlander Street; a different configuration opened c. 1966 along with the connecting piece of I-35. In 2005, the KTA approved reconstruction of the Emporia interchange to improve connections to US-50, I-35, and the city of Emporia, resulting in the present configuration. This project, funded by the KTA, the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT), and
10332-420: The pavement began to deteriorate rapidly, and crews faced difficulty keeping up with the snow in winter conditions in a winter storm during 1960. In the early 1960s, many senior positions in the KTA were cut, and, thanks to this and other austerity measures, such as targeting maintenance to save costs in the future, the turnpike slowly became profitable. By 1966, it was clear that the turnpike had not been built to
10455-454: The plan from both government officials and citizens due to concerns that the toll revenue might not cover the repayments to investors, bankrupting the turnpike authority and burdening the state government with the remaining debt. There were also worries about the possibility of the turnpike requiring maintenance before the bonds had been repaid. Some critics also felt that the high speeds typical of turnpike driving were unsafe. As right-of-way for
10578-659: The planning stage, this extra traffic may lead to the new road becoming congested sooner than would otherwise be anticipated by considering increases in vehicle ownership. More roads allow drivers to use their cars when otherwise alternatives may have been sought, or the journey may not have been made, which can mean that a new road brings only short-term mitigation of traffic congestion. Where highways are created through existing communities, there can be reduced community cohesion and more difficult local access. Consequently, property values have decreased in many cutoff neighborhoods, leading to decreased housing quality over time. Mostly in
10701-520: The pressure off of I-70 as well as reduce truck traffic in St. Louis . The CKC routing would remain unchanged. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] I-90 west / I-94 west (Kennedy Expressway) – Wisconsin Highway A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land. It includes not just major roads, but also other public roads and rights of way . In
10824-406: The project was obtained, the turnpike drew additional opposition from farmers and ranchers, who objected to the turnpike bisecting their property, making it difficult to access disjointed parcels of land. The Kansas Chamber of Commerce held "turnpike clinics" in several locations across Kansas in 1952, reporting an overwhelmingly positive reception from the public. The Kansas Turnpike Act, defining
10947-400: The proposed toll road further. With no counterpart to the south, the Kansas Turnpike ended at the state line, at an at-grade intersection with E0010 Road. Just across the state line was an oat field, into which many inattentive motorists crashed. This abrupt end became nationally famous after Wyoming Governor Milward L. Simpson and his wife crashed in mid-1957. The oat farmer plowed
11070-426: The roads around the world each year and was the leading cause of death among children 10–19 years of age. The report also noted that the problem was most severe in developing countries and that simple prevention measures could halve the number of deaths. For reasons of clear data collection, only harm involving a road vehicle is included. A person tripping with fatal consequences or dying for some unrelated reason on
11193-523: The safety performance of roads and streets, and methods used to reduce the harm (deaths, injuries, and property damage) on the highway system from traffic collisions . It includes the design, construction and regulation of the roads , the vehicles used on them and the training of drivers and other road-users. A report published by the World Health Organization in 2004 estimated that some 1.2 million people were killed and 50 million injured on
11316-634: The same vehicle volumes. This is because high, constant-speed operation creates an emissions reduction compared to vehicular flows with stops and starts. However, concentrations of air pollutants near highways may be higher due to increased traffic volumes. Therefore, the risk of exposure to elevated levels of air pollutants from a highway may be considerable, and further magnified when highways have traffic congestion . New highways can also cause habitat fragmentation , encourage urban sprawl and allow human intrusion into previously untouched areas, as well as (counterintuitively) increasing congestion, by increasing
11439-577: The service area, an interchange provides access to a set of cattle pens southeast of Bazaar . Other than these two service exits, there are no interchanges within Chase County; upon leaving it, the turnpike passes into Lyon County . The next interchange along the turnpike is exit 127 (Emporia ). At this trumpet interchange, I-35 leaves the turnpike to head east through Emporia, the county seat of Lyon County, on its way northeast to Kansas City via Ottawa . The interchange, as opened in 1956 with
11562-413: The southeastern part of Topeka. In the eastern portion of the city, the highway reaches an interchange with I-70 , US 40 , and K-4 at exits 182 and 183. The remainder of the turnpike runs on I-70 from Topeka to the turnpike's eastern terminus in Kansas City. This is one of only two tolled sections of I-70. The turnpike continues east along I-70 and crosses Tecumseh Creek. The Topeka Service Area
11685-414: The state into a potential cross-country turnpike system. Eastern Kansas was also included in an interstate turnpike system stretching from Galveston, Texas , to Saint Louis, Missouri , via Kansas City, that was proposed by Oklahoma Governor Johnston Murray . Many firms from construction industries, as well as those concerned about the state's economic development, worked to have legislation passed to allow
11808-635: The sticker tag. Accounts are free to open and require no monthly service fees, but do require a credit card or bank account on file, from which accrued tolls are automatically billed each month. K-TAG was introduced in 1995; the system was internally designed and is internally run instead of being contracted to another company, saving additional overhead costs. As of 2024 , K-TAG is compatible with NationalPass , used in several other states; PikePass , in neighboring Oklahoma ; ExpressToll, in neighboring Colorado ; and TxTag , EZ TAG , and TollTag in Texas . It
11931-480: The toll plaza is exit 19 ( Wellington ), serving US-160 , which heads west to Wellington, the county seat of Sumner County, and east to Winfield , the seat of adjoining Cowley County . It is the first of many trumpet interchanges serving the surface road via a connector road with a toll plaza. When the turnpike first opened, the US-160 interchange was a reverse diamond with four loop ramps, so that all traffic using
12054-576: The tolls collected; no tax money is used for construction, maintenance, or administration. The KTA estimates that 120,000 drivers use the turnpike each day. K-TAG is the electronic toll collection system operated by the Kansas Turnpike. The system makes use of transponder stickers, which are affixed to the vehicle's windshield. Each account may receive up to two free K-TAG stickers. External bumper mounted transponders are alternatively available for purchase, intended for motorcycles and vehicles with specialty windshields that preclude proper functioning of
12177-615: The traffic congestion. Traffic congestion was a principal problem in major roads and highways in the Philippines , especially in Metro Manila and other major cities. The government decided to set up some bus lanes in Metro Manila like in the Epifanio delos Santos Avenue . The following is a list of highways by country in alphabetical order. Kansas Turnpike The Kansas Turnpike
12300-471: The turnpike curves away from US-81, turning northeast toward El Dorado and Emporia. It crosses the Arkansas River between exits 42 and 45. Exit 45 (Wichita ) is a trumpet connection to K-15 /Southeast Boulevard and Turnpike Drive in southern Wichita. It opened in 1956 as one of the original interchanges. As the highway continues northeast through Wichita, it comes to exit 50 (East Wichita ),
12423-415: The turnpike is exit 4 ( South Haven ), which serves US-166 . US-166 heads east to Arkansas City and west to US-81 at South Haven. This interchange is a four-ramp folded diamond with ramps in the southeast and northwest quadrants. It has no toll plazas, as it lies south of the southern barrier toll. Northbound traffic must exit at US-166 to avoid paying a toll. Initially, the interchange provided only
12546-517: The turnpike to be constructed. Governor Ed Arn and Gale Moss, the State Highway Director, were two major proponents of the turnpike concept. The turnpike idea was an attractive one because initial construction was to be financed by the private sector via sales of revenue bonds, allowing state highway funds to be used for other important projects. The new toll road would also reduce traffic, and thus maintenance costs, on existing roads. There
12669-459: The turnpike was to parallel US-81 , continuing into Oklahoma; the interchange with US-166 at South Haven was included to provide an outlet if Oklahoma lagged in its construction. The turnpike was to parallel US-40 from Topeka to Kansas City. The Kansas City end was set at 18th Street and Muncie Boulevard, which was to be extended and upgraded to a freeway (the Muncie Expressway) to
12792-401: The turnpike, either at one of the termini or at an interchange, a driver was issued a ticket which indicated the toll plaza at which they entered. When leaving the turnpike, this ticket was used to determine the amount of the toll. If a motorist presented a ticket at the same toll plaza it was issued from, the KTA charged a "per-minute" fare if the trip was more than 15 minutes. If the ticket
12915-522: The turnpike. Each gantry is assigned to a segment of turnpike, usually between two adjacent interchanges. Motorists passing each gantry pay the per-mile fare for the distance of that segment. The total fare for any given trip may be calculated by adding the tolls charged at each gantry along one's route. The Kansas Turnpike is completely self-sustaining and operated on a cash surplus of nearly $ 600 million (equivalent to $ 734 million in 2023 ) at end of fiscal year 2017. All costs are paid for by
13038-536: The turnpike. Many of those motorists traveled to Lawrence for a football game between the University of Kansas and University of Oklahoma . Official opening ceremonies were held at interchanges in each of the three major cities on October 25. The Kansas City celebration included Gene Autry jumping his horse through a large paper map of the turnpike. John Masefield , the British Poet Laureate , wrote
13161-483: The use of dual carriageways with two or more lanes on each carriageway, and grade-separated junctions with other roads and modes of transport. These features are typically present on highways built as motorways ( freeways ). The general legal definition deals with right of use, not the form of construction; this is distinct from e.g. the popular use of the word in the US. A highway is defined in English common law by
13284-445: The use of carpooling in order to be able to use these lanes. However, they tend to require dedicated lanes on a highway, which makes them difficult to construct in dense urban areas where they are the most effective. To address habitat fragmentation, wildlife crossings have become increasingly popular in many countries. Wildlife crossings allow animals to safely cross human-made barriers like highways. Road traffic safety describes
13407-831: The usual principle that a road available to vehicular traffic was also available to horse or pedestrian traffic as is usually the only practical change when non-motorways are reclassified as special roads . The first section of motorway in the UK opened in 1958 (part of the M6 motorway) and then in 1959 the first section of the M1 motorway . Often reducing travel times relative to city or town streets, highways with limited access and grade separation can create increased opportunities for people to travel for business, trade or pleasure and also provide trade routes for goods. Highways can reduce commute and other travel time but additional road capacity can also release latent traffic demand . If not accurately predicted at
13530-469: The western Kansas route was determined not to be feasible, the Oklahoma–Kansas City route was projected to generate a total revenue of $ 9 million in 1957 (equivalent to $ 74.7 million in 2023 ). After considering a number of different alignments, including one bypassing Topeka via the present route of I-35, the state decided on an "airline" route between Wichita and Topeka. From Wichita south,
13653-456: The word "highway" is sometimes used to denote any public way used for travel, whether a "road, street, and parkway"; however, in practical and useful meaning, a "highway" is a major and significant, well-constructed road that is capable of carrying reasonably heavy to extremely heavy traffic. Highways generally have a route number designated by the state and federal departments of transportation. California Vehicle Code, Sections 360, 590, define
13776-399: Was also a concern that if Kansas lagged behind in turnpike construction, it might be bypassed by toll roads in other states, leaving it at an economic disadvantage. The toll concept also had the benefit of ultimately putting the financial burden on the drivers who actually used the road, instead of using tax revenue that had been collected from residents statewide. There was some opposition to
13899-453: Was broken on December 31, 1954, at the Kansas River bridge near Lawrence . Construction of the entire length of the turnpike was scheduled to take place all at once, with the turnpike partitioned into 14 parts, and the overall length also divided into 43 smaller portions. The KTA sent out letters en masse to the affected landowners, offering a price and referring appeals to
14022-494: Was built c. 1989 . Now in Wichita proper, the highway reaches exit 42 (South Wichita ), which is the south end of I-135 . I-135 heads north through Wichita, the largest city in Kansas, toward Salina ; US-81 joins at the first interchange and I-235 begins at the second. The interchange is a simple trumpet with I-135, and opened in 1956 with the turnpike, but the connector ended at 47th Street (now US-81) until c. 1961 . After passing exit 42,
14145-487: Was built from 1954 to 1956, predating the Interstate Highway System . While not part of the system's early plans, the turnpike was eventually incorporated into the Interstate System in late 1956 and is designated today as four different Interstate Highway routes: Interstate 35 (I-35), Interstate 335 ( I-335 ), I-470 , and I-70 . The turnpike also carries a piece of two U.S. Highways : U.S. Highway 24 (US-24) and US-40 in Kansas City. Because it predates
14268-613: Was built soon after as an east-facing folded diamond with two separate toll plazas. The present configuration was built c. 1995. Near this interchange, the turnpike crosses the Walnut River. Northeast of the Cassoday interchange, the Kansas Turnpike enters Chase County . In the median at mile 97, just north of the county line, is the Matfield Green Service Area. Approximately 13.7 miles (22.0 km) northeast of
14391-526: Was completely rebuilt in the late 1990s, with a goal of rerouting I-70 and improving access to the turnpike. The design was completed in 1997, and the project was finished in 2001 at a cost of $ 98.6 million in 1999 (equivalent to $ 170 million in 2023 ). On the evening of April 6, 2002, a grease fire broke out in the Hardee's restaurant at the Belle Plaine service plaza. Exacerbated by heavy winds,
14514-555: Was constructed on Long Island, New York, and known as the Long Island Motor Parkway or the Vanderbilt Motor Parkway. It was completed in 1911. It included many modern features, including banked turns , guard rails and reinforced concrete tarmac . Traffic could turn left between the parkway and connectors, crossing oncoming traffic, so it was not a controlled-access highway (or "freeway" as later defined by
14637-483: Was estimated to cost $ 27 billion in 1955 (equivalent to $ 240 billion in 2023 ). China's highway network is the second most extensive in the world, with a total length of about 3,573,000 kilometres (2,220,000 mi). China's expressway network is the longest Expressway system in the world, and it is quickly expanding, stretching some 85,000 kilometres (53,000 mi) at the end of 2011. In 2008 alone, 6,433 kilometres (3,997 mi) expressways were added to
14760-547: Was inaugurated in 1924. This highway, called autostrada , contained only one lane in each direction and no interchanges. The Southern State Parkway opened in 1927, while the Long Island Motor Parkway was closed in 1937 and replaced by the Northern State Parkway (opened 1931) and the contiguous Grand Central Parkway (opened 1936). In Germany, construction of the Bonn-Cologne Autobahn began in 1929 and
14883-404: Was lost, or if the trip took over 18 hours to complete, the driver was charged the highest possible toll for that exit. Exit 53A in Wichita, which opened in 2021, was the first cashless interchange on the turnpike system. The turnpike had a toll gantry on the exit ramp in lieu of a traditional toll plaza. Until the remainder of the turnpike went cashless in 2024, this interchange operated as
15006-540: Was opened in 1932 by Konrad Adenauer , then the mayor of Cologne . Soon the Autobahn was the first limited-access, high-speed road network in the world, with the first section from Frankfurt am Main to Darmstadt opening in 1935. In the US, the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921 (Phipps Act) enacted a fund to create an extensive highway system. In 1922, the first blueprint for a national highway system (the Pershing Map )
15129-568: Was published. The Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 allocated $ 25 billion for the construction of the 66,000-kilometre-long (41,000 mi) Interstate Highway System over a 20-year period. In Great Britain , the Special Roads Act 1949 provided the legislative basis for roads for restricted classes of vehicles and non-standard or no speed limits applied (later mostly termed motorways but now with speed limits not exceeding 70 mph); in terms of general road law this legislation overturned
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