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48-422: Chewacla State Park is a public recreation area occupying 696 acres (282 ha) below Interstate 85 on the far south side of Auburn, Alabama . The state park 's central feature, 26-acre (11 ha) Lake Chewacla, provides opportunities for fishing, swimming, and non-motorized boating. In the late nineteenth century, Wright's Mill occupied a site in the park where swimmers could find a place to splash about in

96-614: A defensive line occupied by the Confederate Army in early July 1864. Designed by Confederate Brigadier General Francis A. Shoup , the line became known as Johnston's River Line after Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . A month prior to the Battle of Atlanta , Shoup talked with Johnston on June 18, 1864, about building fortifications. Johnston agreed, and Shoup supervised

144-582: A result of Hurricane Fred . Numerous tributaries also swelled far over and beyond their banks. These were the highest water levels seen since 1990, and the second-highest ever since the large Buford Dam was built upstream. The National Weather Service in Peachtree City estimated that this was a 500-year flood event. The main stream gauges are located: Water-level forecasts are regularly issued only at Vinings and Atlanta. Forecasts are issued only during high water at Norcross, Whitesburg, West Point, and

192-581: A small series of dams along the middle portion of the river (the Columbus area) between West Point Lake and Lake Walter F. George. Several smaller and older lakes and dams also provide these services on a much smaller and more localized scale, including Bull Sluice Lake , which is held by the Morgan Falls Dam . This dam was built by the Georgia Railway and Power Company in 1902 to provide electric power for

240-671: Is at an interchange with I-65 in Montgomery, Alabama ; its northern terminus is an interchange with I-95 in Petersburg, Virginia , near Richmond . It is nominally north–south as it carries an odd number, but it is physically oriented northeast–southwest and covers a larger east–west span than north–south. While most Interstates that end in a "5" are cross-country, I-85 is primarily a regional route serving five southeastern states: Virginia , North Carolina , South Carolina , Georgia , and Alabama . Major metropolitan areas served by I-85 include

288-578: The Flint River and other tributaries at Lake Seminole near Bainbridge , to form the Apalachicola River that flows into the Florida Panhandle . The Chattahoochee River ends in the city of Chattahoochee, FL . From there, the same river is then named Apalachicola River, which ends (106 miles away) in the city of Apalachicola, FL (meaning both rivers end in the city named after them). Although

336-814: The Greater Richmond Region in Virginia, the Research Triangle , Piedmont Triad , and Charlotte metropolitan area regions of North Carolina, Upstate South Carolina , the Atlanta metropolitan area in Georgia, and the Montgomery metropolitan area in Alabama. There are plans to extend I-85 along the US Route ;80 (US 80) corridor into Mississippi . Because of its unusually diagonal nature, portions of I-85 are to

384-602: The Mississippi – Alabama state line, where it will connect with I-20/I-59 near Cuba, Alabama . This extension will roughly follow the route of US 80 , going through or bypassing Selma and Demopolis . The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) approved the alignment on February 17, 2011, after AASHTO approved at its Fall 2010 meeting in Biloxi, Mississippi . Also approved was the proposal to redesignate part of existing I-85 south and east of Montgomery to be bypassed as part of

432-646: The Oconee River , which flow to the Atlantic Seaboard via the Altamaha River . Interest groups and the state of Florida have asked the U.S. Congress to intervene to reduce the priority given to put navigation of the lower Chattahoochee, south of Columbus, by river barge. This requirement causes large water withdrawals, which environmental supporters consider a waste of water needed to support habitats, especially during droughts. The navigation issue has aggravated

480-552: The United States Army Corps of Engineers . The dams and reservoirs were developed following legislation by Congress of the mid-1940s for flood control , domestic and industrial water, hydroelectricity , recreation, and improved navigation for river barges. Most of the lakes were completed by 1963. Numerous historic and prehistoric sites were covered over by the lakes during the flooding of the reservoirs, including Oketeyconne, Georgia. The Georgia Power Company also owns

528-532: The Atlanta trolley system, which has long since been replaced by other forms of transportation. At various points, the Chattahoochee serves as the boundary between several counties and cities, as well as forming the lower half of the boundary between Alabama and Georgia. Within Georgia, it divides: Atlanta is built upon the crest of a large ridge, rather than in the floodplain of the river. This has contributed to

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576-565: The Chattahoochee River is commemorated in the poem "The Song of the Chattahoochee" (1877), by the noted Georgian poet Sidney Lanier . Lake Lanier on the Chattahoochee is named for him. Country music artist Alan Jackson released his song " Chattahoochee " in 1993 as a single off his album A Lot About Livin' (And a Little 'bout Love) (the name of the album being the last line of the aforementioned song's chorus). "Chattahoochee" received Country Music Association awards for Single of

624-477: The Chattahoochee River remained in moderate flood stage. Streams affected by the September 2009 floods included the following: The second most recent major flood along the river occurred during the 2009 Georgia floods , with 28.10 feet (8.56 m) of water recorded at Vinings at the northwestern Atlanta city limit. The flood was over 5 feet (1.5 m) higher than the previous flood recorded in September 2004, as

672-678: The Georgia/Alabama state line. Flowing through a series of reservoirs and artificial lakes, it flows by Columbus , the second-largest city in Georgia, and the Fort Moore Army base. At Columbus, it crosses the Fall Line of the eastern United States. From Lake Oliver to Fort Moore, the Chattahoochee Riverwalk provides cycling, rollerblading, and walking along 15 miles (24 km) of the river's banks. Farther south, it merges with

720-660: The Greenville–Spartanburg metropolitan area. I-85 then bypasses the city of Spartanburg to the north. Its original route is now signed as I-85 Business (I-85 Bus) and was approved by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) on April 22, 1995. Near milemarker 70, I-85 intersects with I-26. The exits are signed as exits 70A for eastbound traffic and 70B for westbound traffic. North of Spartanburg, I-85 narrows from six lanes back to four lanes and bypasses Gaffney . Much of

768-517: The Interior presented Chewacla State Park with a National Recreation award. Chewacla was one of 41 parks to receive this honor. In September 2020, Chewacla State Park was one of eleven Alabama state parks awarded Tripadvisor ’s Traveler’s Choice Award, which recognizes businesses and attractions that earn consistently high user reviews. In addition to water activities, the park features a system of trails for hiking and for mountain biking. Its trail system

816-502: The Lake Walter F. George and Andrews Dams. All other locations have observations only. Tributary creeks , streams , and rivers , as well as lakes, along with the county they are in: Note that the above list is incomplete, and that each item is not in the exact order in which it joins the Chattahoochee. (For confluences now inundated by lakes, it may be impossible to determine from current maps exactly where they were.) The beauty of

864-455: The building of 36 small elevated earth and wooden triangular fortifications, arranged in a sawtooth pattern to maximize the crossfire of defenders. Sherman tried to avoid the Shoupade defenses by crossing the river to the northeast. The nine remaining Shoupades consist of the earthworks portion of the original earth and wooden structures; they are endangered by land development in the area. Two of

912-486: The downtown area. North of Atlanta, I-985 provides a link to Gainesville before I-85 continues through northeastern Georgia and then crosses into South Carolina . I-85 provides the major transportation route for the Upstate of South Carolina , linking together the major centers of Greenville and Spartanburg with regional centers of importance. In Spartanburg, BMW has a major manufacturing plant that can be seen from

960-559: The extension of I-85 as I-685 . Alabama has permission to cosign this part of I-85 as I-685 until the new alignment is built. This section is also envisioned by some as part of a proposed I-14 . If this extension were to be completed, I-85 and I-20 would meet each other twice. There are plans for I-85 from Anderson County to Spartanburg County, South Carolina , to become four to five lanes in each direction including high-occupancy vehicle lanes (HOV lanes). There are also plans in Georgia for I-85 to have three lanes in each direction from

1008-546: The fight between Georgia, Florida, and Alabama over rights to the river water. A lawsuit has been filed in the case to reduce priorities given to navigation. The lawsuit is now in court, and may take years to resolve. The most recent major flooding of the Chattahoochee River took place in November 2009. This was caused by torrential rains from Tropical Storm Ida as it tore through the Georgia Piedmont. Downstream from Roswell,

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1056-494: The highway parallels for much of its length. I-85 also passes near Auburn , Opelika , Valley , and Lanett before crossing the Chattahoochee River into Georgia . I-85 is planned to be rerouted southward just east of Montgomery, where it will intersect with I-65 just south of downtown Montgomery and then have a future southern terminus at the concurrency of I-20 / I-59 just northeast of Cuba . Future I-685 will be

1104-523: The highway. In South Carolina, I-85 bypasses Clemson and Anderson on the way to Greenville. Beginning at Anderson, I-85 widens from four to six lanes. Near Powdersville , US 29 joins I-85 and they run concurrently until they cross the Saluda River . I-85 bypasses just south of Greenville but provides two links into the city via spur routes I-185 and I-385 . I-85 also has direct exits to Greenville–Spartanburg International Airport , which serves

1152-574: The largest mound complex in the state. The Chattahoochee River was of considerable strategic importance during the Atlanta Campaign by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman of the American Civil War . Between the tributaries of Proctor Creek and Nickajack Creek on the Cobb and Fulton county lines in metropolitan Atlanta, are nine remaining fortifications nicknamed "Shoupades" that were part of

1200-544: The last battles of the war, West Point and Columbus took place at strategically important crossings of the Chattahoochee. Since the nineteenth century, early improvements and alterations to the river were for the purposes of navigation. The river was important for carrying trade and passengers and was a major transportation route. In the twentieth century, the United States Congress passed legislation in 1944 and 1945 to improve navigation for commercial traffic on

1248-455: The late twentieth century, the nonprofit organization called " Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper " has advocated for the preservation of the environment and ecology of the northern part of the river, especially the part traversing Metropolitan Atlanta . In 2010, a campaign to create a whitewater river course was launched in the portion of the Chattahoochee River that runs through Columbus, Georgia. Between 2010 and 2013, construction took place on

1296-475: The mill's surrounding pool. In the 1930s, workers with the Civilian Conservation Corps developed roads, foot trails, and park buildings. Their efforts can be seen in the park's stone cabins and arched masonry bridge. They also constructed the dam that created Chewacla Lake. The state took possession, opening the grounds as Chewacla State Park, in 1939. In June 2011, The United States Department of

1344-816: The mouth of the Chattahoochee-Flint-Apalachicola River system, in the Apalachicola River delta, the geologic history of the delta can be traced at least as far back as the Miocene . The vicinity of the Chattahoochee River was inhabited in prehistoric times by indigenous peoples since at least 1000 BC. The Kolomoki Mounds , now protected in the Kolomoki Mounds Historic Park near present-day Blakely in Early County , southwest Georgia, were built between 350 AD and 650 AD and constitute

1392-467: The new designation for the route of current I-85, which leads directly to I-65 in downtown Montgomery. In Georgia, I-85 (unsigned State Route 403 [SR 403]) bypasses West Point before coming into the LaGrange area. East of LaGrange, I-85 intersects I-185 which connects to Columbus and Fort Moore . In the Atlanta area, I-85 intersects I-20 and merges with I-75 ( Downtown Connector ) through

1440-486: The north where it junctions with I-77 . North of Charlotte, the highway passes near Concord , Salisbury , Lexington , and High Point before reaching Greensboro . At Greensboro, I-85 shifts away from downtown I-85 Bus (old I-85 through town). I-85 then joins I-40 east of downtown, and the two highways are cosigned as they pass through Burlington , Graham , and Mebane then separate near Hillsborough where I-40 turns toward Chapel Hill , Cary , and Raleigh . After

1488-475: The overall length for I-85 in North Carolina remains the same as before. On the evening of March 30, 2017 a massive fire collapsed a bridge on I-85 in Atlanta. As a result, I-85 was closed to traffic for approximately two miles (3.2 km) between its split with I-75 and the interchange with SR 400 . An extension of I-85 has been proposed west from Montgomery to intersect I-20 / I-59 just east of

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1536-522: The preservation of much of the natural scenic beauty of the section that runs through metropolitan Atlanta. North of the metropolis, the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area protects other portions of the riverbanks in a region that is spread across several disconnected areas. The river traverses much of Atlanta's hilly topography of the northern suburbs. Wealthy suburban communities in northern metro Atlanta that abut

1584-616: The river flow south from ridges that form the Tennessee Valley Divide . The Appalachian Trail crosses the river's uppermost headwaters. The Chattahoochee's source and upper course lie within Chattahoochee National Forest . From its source in the Blue Ridge Mountains, the Chattahoochee River flows southwesterly to Atlanta and through its suburbs . It eventually turns due-south to form the southern half of

1632-458: The river include: Vinings , Buckhead , Sandy Springs , East Cobb , Roswell , Dunwoody , Peachtree Corners , Duluth , Johns Creek , and Berkeley Lake . Since three states have needs related to the river, there has been increasing controversy since the late twentieth century related to competing development among the regions and the implications for the river. The enormous growth of metropolitan Atlanta has increased its water withdrawals from

1680-578: The river runs through the Brevard fault zone . The current course of the Chattahoochee River has a geologic history that extends back in time at least 100 million years. A Late Cretaceous system of paleovalleys incised into the Coastal Plain unconformity in the vicinity of Columbus, Georgia is infilled with fluvial sands and gravels of the lower Tuscaloosa Formation . Younger rocks of the overlying Eutaw Formation record an estuarine environment in approximately

1728-572: The river, as well as to establish hydroelectric power and recreational facilities on a series of lakes to be created by building dams and establishing reservoirs. Creating the manmade, 46,000-acre Walter F. George Lake also known as Lake Eufaula, in Eufaula, Alabama, required evacuating numerous communities, including the historically majority-Native American settlement of Oketeyeconne, Georgia . The lakes were complete in 1963, covering over numerous historic and prehistoric sites of settlement. Beginning in

1776-509: The river, the Eagle and Phenix and City Mills Dams were breached and a 2.5 mile Whitewater Course was formed in Uptown, Columbus. The project returned the river to its natural path across the Fall Line , as well as creating the longest urban whitewater course in the world. Several large manmade reservoirs , including Lanier , Lake Eufaula , West Point , and George W. Andrews , lakes are controlled by

1824-526: The river. This has effects downstream. For example, the oysters in the Apalachicola Bay of Florida depend on the brackish water mixture of river and ocean water, and the alternating freshwater and saltwater flows that the river and the tides provide. The amount of flow in the Chattahoochee has also been decreased by interbasin water transfers, where water is withdrawn from the Chattahoochee, but discharged as treated sewage water into another river, such as

1872-475: The same general path as US 1 (Boydton Plank Road and Jefferson Davis Highway ), as the two cross several times between the North Carolina border and the northern terminus outside Petersburg. In the northern half of I-85, the route roughly parallels an ancient Indian trading path documented since colonial times from Petersburg, Virginia, to the Catawba Indian territory. I-85 near Petersburg once formed

1920-733: The same location, suggesting a persistent paleodrainage system in the vicinity of the modern Chattahoochee for at least 10-20 million years during the Late Cretaceous. North of the Fall Line, in the Piedmont of Georgia and Alabama, the course of the Chattahoochee River cuts across prominent, resistant rock layers, including the Hollis Quartzite of the Pine Mountain belt, and must have established its current course prior to uplift of those units. At

1968-427: The same river, this portion was given a different name by separated settlers in different regions during the colonial times. The name Chattahoochee is thought to come from a Muskogee word meaning "rocks-marked" (or "painted"), from chato ("rock") plus huchi ("marked"). This possibly refers to the many colorful granite outcroppings along the northeast-to-southwest segment of the river. Much of that segment of

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2016-538: The southern end of the Richmond–Petersburg Turnpike , which was completed in 1958. The tolls were removed in 1992 after I-295 was completed. Before a 2010 decision to raise the speed limit in the state to 70 mph (110 km/h), Virginia's portion of I-85 was also the only Interstate Highway in the state with a posted speed limit greater than 65 mph (105 km/h). It was raised from 65 to 70 mph (105 to 113 km/h) on July 1, 2006, by

2064-499: The split with I-40, I-85 continues to Durham , before turning northeastward through Oxford then Henderson toward Virginia . Starting from the Virginia border, the route passes South Hill and McKenney before heading into a large forest. After the forest, I-85 reaches Petersburg and ends at I-95 . The highway is briefly cosigned with US 460 from a few miles west of Petersburg in Dinwiddie County to I-95. I-85 follows

2112-404: The state legislature. In 2004, I-85 was rerouted around Greensboro; and it split with I-40 eight miles (13 km) east of the original departure point. I-40 ran with I-85 along the bypass to the southern/western end and I-40 continued on a new freeway alignment at exit 121 until September 2008, when it was rerouted back to its old alignment through the city. Despite its reroute around Greensboro,

2160-662: The state line in Hart County to meet up with the newly expanded portions just outside of the Atlanta metropolitan area in Jackson County . Chattahoochee River The source of the Chattahoochee River is located in Jacks Gap at the southeastern foot of Jacks Knob , in the very southeastern corner of Union County , in the southern Blue Ridge Mountains , a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains . The headwaters of

2208-496: The terrain between Spartanburg and the North Carolina border is rural in nature but congested to the state line due to its location near Charlotte. In North Carolina, I-85 enters a relatively rural area near Kings Mountain before entering the Gastonia and Charlotte areas. In Charlotte, I-85 bypasses Charlotte Douglas International Airport and turns northeastward just before reaching Uptown Charlotte ; thus, I-85 just bypasses uptown to

2256-597: The west of I-75 , which puts I-85 out of the Interstate grid. I-85 is a route that serves several major locations in the Southeastern United States, stretching from Alabama to Virginia serving major metropolitan areas such as Atlanta and Charlotte . I-85 begins as a T intersection off I-65 in Montgomery . From there, I-85 parallels US 80 until the highway nears Tuskegee . At Tuskegee, I-85 leaves US 80 and starts to parallel US 29 , which

2304-478: Was designated as a National Recreation Trail in 2011. The park has facilities for RV and tent camping in addition to its renovated CCC –era cabins. In 2018, Chewacla received roughly 75,000 day passes along with 1,500 cabins rentals and 6,500 camping permits. Interstate 85 Interstate 85 ( I-85 ) is a major Interstate Highway in the Southeastern United States . Its southern terminus

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