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46-680: The cemetery is landscaped and had a large lake that was drained in the 1950s. It covers 36 acres and contains approximately 31,000 graves. Two monuments in the cemetery have been documented by the Smithsonian Institution Research Information System: the statue "Sorrow" by Samuel Murray atop the Alfred O. Deshong memorial, and the Civil War Memorial, by Martin Milmore . On April 13, 1917, 55 unidentified victims of

92-486: A consolidated facility. The inside of the building is equally varied, combining "gilt floral patterns incised on a field of Venetian red; ... [a] cerulean blue ceiling sprinkled with silver stars", and plum, ochre, sand and olive green gallery walls. The building's structure combines brick, stone and iron; because of fire-proofing concerns, some of the iron i-beams were left uncovered. The book A Century After, picturesque glimpses of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania includes

138-550: A coordinated Bachelor of Fine Arts program from the University of Pennsylvania . The BFA degree program is also offered in-house, and a Master of Fine Arts program, post-baccalaureate certificate in graduate studies, and other education offerings are now offered. In 2005, the academy received the National Medal of Arts in recognition of its role as a national leader in fine arts education. In January 2007, in association with

184-611: A favored student, then Eakins's assistant, and was listed as an instructor in 1892. The two artists shared a studio at 1330 Chestnut Street from 1892 to about 1900, sometimes painting and sculpting from the same model. The pair spent a great deal of time together: working side by side, bicycling around Philadelphia, attending boxing matches, fishing in Gloucester, New Jersey , and taking trips and vacations together. Murray accompanied Eakins on visits to Walt Whitman in Camden, New Jersey (across

230-424: A number of different historical styles, including Second Empire , Renaissance Revival and Gothic Revival , amalgamated in an "aggressively personal manner". The building's exterior coloration combines "rusticated brownstone, dressed sandstone, polished pink granite, red pressed brick, and purplish terra-cotta." It was the first structure in the U.S. specifically designed for fine arts instruction and exhibition in

276-544: A sensitive modeler of faces, Murray is remembered more for his personal ties to Eakins than his body of work. The largest collection of his works is at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington, D.C. (although few are on display). The Hirshhorn also owns five scrapbooks of his drawings and photographs, and mounted the first retrospective exhibition of Murray's sculpture in 1982. Pennsylvania Academy of

322-482: A transition between 19th- and 20th-century art movements. In 2010, the academy acquired the Linda Lee Alter Collection of Art by Women, including nearly 500 works by female artists, from collector Linda Lee Alter . Artists in the collection include Louise Bourgeois , Judy Chicago , Louise Nevelson , Kiki Smith , Kara Walker , and Philadelphia artists Barbara Bullock and Elizabeth Osborne . In 2012,

368-466: A volunteer. Fairman Rogers , chairman of the Committee on Instruction from 1878 to 1883, appointed Eakins a faculty member in 1878, and promoted him to director in 1882. Eakins revamped the certificate curriculum to its current format. Students in the certificate program learned fundamentals of drawing, painting, sculpture, and printmaking, including relief , intaglio , and lithography , for two years. For

414-403: Is built of brick, the principal entrance, which is two stories high, being augmented with encaustic tiles , terra-cotta statuary, and light stone dressings. The walls are laid in patterns of red and white brick. Over the main entrance on Broad Street there is a large Gothic window with stone tracery. The Cherry Street front is relieved by a colonnade supporting arched windows, back of which

460-463: Is set apart for the exhibition of statuary , busts , small statues , bas-reliefs , etc. On each side of this hall are picture galleries, which are so arranged in size and form as to admit of classification of pictures, and which can be divided into suits where separate exhibitions may be held at the same time. The art collections of the gallery are considered the most valuable in America. They comprise

506-606: Is the subject of speculation, but Murray remained a lifelong friend to Eakins, and helped care for the disabled painter in his old age. At age 21 (reportedly, on Eakins's recommendation), Murray was hired by the Philadelphia School of Design for Women (now Moore College of Art ) as an instructor in clay modeling and anatomy—a position he held for over 50 years. Among his students were Edythe Ferris , Bessie Pease Gutmann , Alice Neel , Anne Parrish , Ella Peacock, and most of

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552-513: Is the transept and pointed gable . Beyond the entrance vestibule is the main staircase, which starts from a wide hall and leads to the galleries on the second floor. Along the Cherry Street side of the Academy are five galleries arranged for casts from the antique; and, further on, are rooms for drapery painting, and the life class. These have a clear north light which can never be obstructed. On

598-514: The Community College of Philadelphia , Montgomery County Community College , Atlantic Cape Community College , and Northampton Community College . In 2013, the academy received Middle States Commission on Higher Education accreditation. In 2024, the academy announced plans to terminate their degree granting programs. After 2025, the academy will no longer grant BFA or MFA degrees to students. Continuing education, certificate programs, and

644-520: The Delaware River from Philadelphia), and following the poet's death on March 26, 1892, the pair cast a plaster death mask of his face. Murray introduced Eakins to Catholic priests at St. Charles Borromeo Seminary , and Eakins painted portraits of a number of them. Eakins painted an 1889 portrait of Murray, and featured him in a number of paintings and photographs. Murray modeled at least three figures of Eakins. The exact nature of their relationship

690-755: The Eddystone explosion at the Eddystone Ammunition Corporation were buried in a mass grave at the Chester Rural Cemetery. An estimated 12,000 people attended the funeral service. Veterans from the Civil War and other conflicts are buried in this area of the cemetery. There are also memorials to commemorate each war since the Civil War. On September 17, 1873, the Soldier's Monument was dedicated to

736-804: The Philadelphia Museum of Art , the academy purchased Thomas Eakins's work The Gross Clinic from the Jefferson Medical School . This work is displayed at both institutions on a rotating basis. In January 2009, the academy signed a transfer agreement with Camden County College in New Jersey , known as the Camden Connection, which allows for the transfer of liberal arts and studio classes and partial merit scholarships for qualified Camden County College students. Other transfer agreements are now in place with community college art departments at

782-713: The Philadelphia Ten . Between 1893 and 1933, Murray exhibited regularly at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts . In March 1896, under the auspices of the Fairmount Park Art Association , the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts mounted a solo exhibition of his work. (He was age 27.) His first major commission came in September 1896, for ten colossal terracotta statues of Biblical prophets to adorn

828-522: The bas-reliefs of battle scenes over its four arches, and the 21-foot-tall (originally gold-patinaed) goddess that crowns its dome. The latter seems to echo Augustus Saint-Gaudens 's Sherman Memorial in Central Park , New York City, of a decade earlier. Following an engagement of nearly 20 years, Murray married illustrator Jean (Jennie) Dean Kershaw (1866–1952) in March 1916. She was a fellow instructor at

874-410: The Academy marked the period of its greatest prosperity. Rich endowments were made to the schools, a gallery of national portraiture was formed, and some of the best examples of Gilbert Stuart 's work acquired. The annual exhibitions attained a brilliancy and éclat hitherto unknown ... Mr. Coates wisely established the schools upon a conservative basis, building almost unconsciously the dykes high against

920-604: The Athens of the Western World in all that can give polish to the human mind." Harrison S. Morris, managing director from 1892 to 1905, collected contemporary American art for the institution. Among the many masterpieces acquired during his tenure were works by Cecilia Beaux , William Merritt Chase , Frank Duveneck , Thomas Eakins , Winslow Homer , Childe Hassam , and Edmund Tarbell . Work by The Eight , which included former academy students Robert Henri and John Sloan , provides

966-643: The Baptist have not been identified. The terracotta statues were removed from the building in 1961; only three of them survive: Moses , Elijah , and Samuel . Over the course of half a century, he modeled about a dozen large sculptures in bronze, the ten Witherspoon prophets, and nearly 200 portrait busts, miniatures and statuettes. Some of the commissions – Commodore Joseph Barry (1906–08), Father William Corby (1909–10), Bishop John W. Shanahan Memorial (1916–18) – may have come through his ties to Philadelphia's Irish-Catholic community. (One of his sisters

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1012-620: The Fine Arts The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts ( PAFA ) is a museum and private art school in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1805 and is the first and oldest art museum and art school in the United States. The academy's museum is internationally known for its collections of 19th- and 20th-century American paintings, sculptures, and works on paper. Its archives house important materials for

1058-501: The Fisher Brooks Gallery, named after James R. Fisher, an artist who attended the academy in the late 1880s, and Leonie Brooks. They are the grandfather and mother, respectively, of Marguerite Lenfest , a philanthropist and academy board member. The Hamilton building also houses Portfolio, the museum's gift shop. In 2013, the academy sold East Wind Over Weehawken , a 1934 portrait that is among two Edward Hopper portraits in

1104-559: The Philadelphia School of Design for Women, and had posed for one of the Witherspoon prophets in the 1890s. They had no children. Murray died of kidney failure at his home in Philadelphia at the age of 72, and was buried near his parents at Old Cathedral Cemetery in Philadelphia . His widow donated a couple of his pieces to the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts , which also holds a collection of his papers. A competent sculptor and

1150-474: The academy featured the collection in the exhibition The Female Gaze: Women Artists Making Their World. Since its founding, the academy has collected works by leading American artists, as well as works by distinguished alumni and faculty of its school. The academy maintains its collecting tradition with the inclusion of works by modern and contemporary American artists. Acquisitions and exhibition programs are balanced between historical and contemporary art, and

1196-423: The academy's collection, to start an endowment fund. About 25 percent of the fund will be used to fill gaps in the collection of historic art, with most of the rest to buy contemporary art of undetermined value with hopes for dramatic increases in the future. The painting was sold at auction for $ 40,485,000, resulting in a boost to the museum's endowment by approximately $ 23.5 million, but raised new questions about

1242-513: The academy's library and gallery. Life classes, the study of the nude body, were available to women in the spring of 1868 with female models; male models were added for study six years later. This came after much debate on whether it was appropriate for women to view the nude male form. In 1878, Catherine Drinker , at the age of 27, became the first woman to teach at the academy. In 1895, one of her pupils, her younger cousin Cecilia Beaux , became

1288-602: The bachelor's degree in conjunction with the University of Pennsylvania will still be hosted by the institution. The current museum building began construction in 1871 and opened in 1876 in connection with the Philadelphia Centennial . Designed by the American architects Frank Furness and George Hewitt , it has been called "One of the most magnificent Victorian buildings in the country." The building's façade draws from

1334-457: The end he always had in view—the honour and the glory of the Academy. It was under Mr. Coates' enlightened direction that was fulfilled the expressed wish of Benjamin West , the first honorary Academician, that "Philadelphia may be as much celebrated for her galleries of paintings by the native genius of the country, as she is distinguished by the virtues of her people; and that she may be looked up to as

1380-626: The facade of Philadelphia's Witherspoon Building. Eakins is rumored to have assisted on the project, and at least six of the figures were modeled on members of their "circle": Moses : Walt Whitman (posthumous) Isaiah : George W. Holmes (posthumous, posed for Eakins's The Chess Players ) Deborah : Susan Macdowell Eakins (Eakins's wife) Samuel : Franklin L. Schenck (fellow student at Art Students' League of Philadelphia) Jeremiah : William H. Macdowell (Eakins's father-in-law) Huldah : Jennie Dean Kershaw (Murray's fiancé, and later wife) The models for Elijah , Ezekiel , Daniel and John

1426-415: The first female faculty member at the academy to instruct painting and drawing. From 1890 to 1906, Edward Hornor Coates served as the tenth president of the academy. In 1915, he was awarded the academy's gold medal. In 1921, painter John McLure Hamilton , who began his art education at the academy under Thomas Eakins, described the contributions Coates made during his tenure: The reign of Mr. Coates at

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1472-455: The following on the 1876 opening: The newly-built Academy of Fine Arts will bear comparison with any institution of its kind in America. It has a front of one hundred feet on Broad Street and a depth of two hundred and fifty-eight feet on Cherry Street. Its situation, with a street on each of its three sides, and an open space along a considerable portion of the fourth, is very advantageous as regards lighting, and freedom from risk by fire. It

1518-534: The following two years, they conducted independent study, guided by critiques from faculty, students, and visiting artists. The 1844 board of directors' declaration that women artists "would have exclusive use of the statue gallery for professional purposes" and study time in the museum on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday mornings began an incremental step of inclusion of women in the academy. In 1860, female students were allowed to take anatomy and antique courses, drawing from antique casts, and they were afforded access to

1564-551: The institution's fixed site while maintaining the buildings' historic details. In 2002, Dorrance H. Hamilton made a large donation to the academy for its expansion, and the academy purchased the former automobile factory at 128 N. Broad Street , next to the original building. Designed by Charles Oelschlager, the building was formerly a federal government building. The structure was renamed in memory of her husband, Samuel M.V. Hamilton. The academy completed its move there in September 2006. The new building includes an exhibition space,

1610-547: The masterpieces of Stuart , Sully , Allston , West , and others of our early artists, the Gilpin gallery, fine marbles, and facsimiles of famous statues, as well as a magnificent gallery from the antique. The building is now considered one of the most notable buildings in Philadelphia and one of Furness' greatest works. In 1971, the building was named to the National Register of Historic Places . Four years later, in 1975, it

1656-430: The memory of the soldiers and sailors of Delaware County who died in the Civil War. The dedication was attended by 8,000 people. The main speaker at the dedication was the U.S. Congressman John Weiss Forney and many dignitaries attended, including Major General Galusha Pennypacker . On the front of the Civil War Memorial is the following inscription: The people of Delaware County erected this monument to commemorate

1702-404: The museum continues to show works by contemporary regional artists and features annual displays of work by academy students. The collection is installed in a chronological and thematic format, exploring the history of American art from the 1760s to the present. The academy has a longstanding four-year certificate program. Beginning in 1929, qualified students have been able to apply for and receive

1748-482: The oncoming flow of insane novelties in art patterns ... In this last struggle against modernism the President was ably supported by Eakins, Anschutz , Grafly , [Henry Joseph] Thouron, Vonnoh , and Chase ... His unfailing courtesy, his disinterested thoughtfulness, his tactfulness, and his modesty endeared him to scholars and masters alike. No sacrifice of time or of means was too great, if he thought he could accomplish

1794-780: The patriotism of their citizens, soldiers and sailors who fell in defense of the Union in the War of the Rebellion 1861–1865 Chester Rural Cemetery was a part of the United States National Cemetery System during the Civil War with a leased lot within the cemetery for soldiers that died in the nearby hospital. Many of the soldiers' graves, including Confederate soldiers, were moved to Philadelphia National Cemetery in Philadelphia in 1892. Samuel Murray (sculptor) Samuel Aloysius Murray (June 12, 1869 – November 3, 1941)

1840-405: The south side, there is a large lecture room, with retiring rooms, and back of these are the modeling rooms and rooms devoted to the use of students and professors. On the second floor is the main hall, which extends across the building, and is intended for the exhibition of large works of art. This story is divided into galleries, which are lighted from the top. Through the center runs a hall which

1886-632: The study of American art history, museums, and art training. It offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts , Master of Fine Arts , certificate programs, and continuing education. The academy will cease to offer degrees (except for the bachelor's program in conjunction with the University of Pennsylvania ) by 2025. The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts was founded in 1805 by painter and scientist Charles Willson Peale , sculptor William Rush , and other artists and business leaders. Its first building on Chestnut and 10th Streets in Center City Philadelphia

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1932-822: Was a nun.) His work was shown frequently at PAFA 's annual exhibitions from 1892 to 1933, occasionally at the National Academy of Design and the National Sculpture Society (both in New York City), and at exhibitions in the United States and the 1900 Exposition Universelle in Paris. His most ambitious commission was for work on the Pennsylvania State Memorial (1909–10), on the Gettysburg Battlefield . An immense granite pavilion, Murray modeled

1978-466: Was an American sculptor, educator, and protégé of the painter Thomas Eakins . Murray, the 11th of 12 children of an Irish stone mason, William, and his wife, Margaret (née Hannigan), the daughter of a linen merchant, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , and educated in the city's public and private schools. In September 1886, at age 17, he entered the seven-month-old Art Students' League of Philadelphia , where he studied under Eakins. He soon became

2024-517: Was demolished in 1870, following damage by a storm. The leaders of the academy then raised funds to construct a building more worthy of its treasures. They commissioned the current Furness-Hewitt building, which was constructed from 1871. It opened as part of the 1876 Philadelphia Exposition . The Chestnut Street site was leased to the vaudeville entrepreneur Robert Fox, who opened Fox's New American Theatre there in 1870. In 1876, former academy student and artist Thomas Eakins returned to teach as

2070-494: Was designated a National Historic Landmark . In 1976, the building's exterior and interior was refurbished to coincide with its centennial and with the United States bicentennial. The restoration work was conducted through Day and Zimmerman Associates , and headed by Human Myers. In 2019, architectural firm DLR Group completed another renovation on both the Furness-Hewitt and Hamilton buildings to accommodate growth within

2116-460: Was designed by John Dorsey and opened in 1806. The academy opened as a museum in 1807 and held its first exhibition in 1811, where more than 500 paintings and statues were displayed. The first school classes held in the building were with the Society of Artists in 1810. The academy had to be reconstructed after the fire of 1845. The new building by architect Richard Arthington Gilpin opened in 1847 and

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