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40-603: Chaya Mushka Schneerson died on December 9, 1860, O.S. (Tevet 8, 5621; December 21, 1860, N.S.), and was buried in the town of Lubavitch near her grandmother Rebbetzin Sterna and her mother Rebbetzin Sheina. Chaya Mushka Schneersohn married the third Rebbe of Chabad , Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn . She is known in the Chabad community as "Rebbetzin Chaya Mushka." Rebbetzin Chaya Mushka

80-707: A "port of five seas" (reachable from the Black Sea , the Sea of Azov , the Caspian Sea , the White Sea , and the Baltic Sea ). See the article Port of Rostov-on-Don In modern times, Rostov-on-Don has experienced economic growth. Numerous start-up companies have established headquarters in the city, the median income is increasing, and the city is being transformed into a modern, industrial and technology-rich hub. For instance, Rostov-on-Don

120-527: A field of wheat. In 1928, the two towns were merged. The former town border lies beneath the Teatralnaya Square of central Rostov-on-Don. By 1928, following the incorporation of the hitherto neighbouring city of Nakhichevan-on-Don, Rostov had become the third-largest city in Russia. In the early 20th century, epidemics of cholera during the summer months were not uncommon. During World War I Rostov-on-Don

160-508: A guard of honour. In 1870, an oval-shaped mayoral decoration wrought from precious or semi-precious white metal was introduced. On the front is written "Rostov-on-Don" at the top, the Rostov-on-Don coat-of-arms is in the center and the inscription, "Mayor of the City" is written at the bottom. On its reverse side, the day of its adoption, April 9, 1996, is recorded. The decoration is worn over

200-518: A major trade centre and communications hub. A railway connection with Kharkiv was completed in 1870, with further links following in 1871 to Voronezh and in 1875 to Vladikavkaz . Concurrent with improvements in communications, heavy industry developed. Coal from the Donets Basin and iron ore from Krivoy Rog supported the establishment of an iron foundry in 1846. In 1859, the production of pumps and steam boilers began. Industrial growth

240-560: A negotiated settlement with the Russian government and military, the Wagner Group withdrew from the city. Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is incorporated as Rostov-na-Donu Urban Okrug —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , this administrative unit also has urban okrug status. Rostov-on-Don is divided into eight city districts: The 2021 census recorded

280-553: A program to create eight multimillion conglomerate population centees or 'super cities'. The Rostov Oblast will be one of these. "The Greater Rostov" metropolitan area will include the cities of Rostov-on-Don, Novocherkassk , Taganrog , Aksay , Bataysk , and Azov . In 1929, the first automatic telephone exchange in Russia with a capacity of 6,000 numbers commenced in Rostov-on-Don. Since 2004, standard telephone numbers in Rostov-on-Don have been seven digits in length. Since 2009, city numbers have begun with "2". The city dialing code

320-519: A site called Zmievskaya Balka . On 19 March 2016, Flydubai Flight 981 , a Boeing 737-800 operating from Dubai to Rostov-on-Don in Russia, crashed during a go-around in inclement weather at Rostov-on-Don Airport , killing all 62 people (55 passengers and 7 crew) on board. Rostov-on-Don hosted several matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . Rostov-on-Don is the location of the Russian Southern Military District , which includes

360-931: Is "863". The first commercial bank in the South of Russia, Rostovsoсbank , was opened in Rostov-on-Don. The bank existed from 1989 to 1998, and before the withdrawal of the banking license it made a full return of deposits to all depositors. The largest bank in the Rostov region is Center-Invest . In total, there are about 50 banks and their branches, 17% local banks, 80% representative offices of federal banks, and 4% representative offices of foreign banks. Rostov-on-Don hosts higher educational establishments, including universities, academies, secondary schools of vocational training including colleges, technical schools, specialized schools, and elementary schools of vocational training including lyceums, professional colleges and schools of general education. The largest educational establishments in

400-707: Is a rural locality (a village ) in Rudnyansky District of Smolensk Oblast , Russia . The village existed in what was the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth since at least 1654. In 1784, it was mentioned as a small town, then a possession of the Polish princely family the Lubomirski . After the partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , the village was annexed by the Russian Empire . During

440-456: Is a center for helicopter and farm machinery manufacturing. The "Tebodin" engineering company opened its fourth office in Rostov-on-Don in June 2010. Public transport in Rostov-on-Don includes buses, trolleybuses, trams, and marshrutkas (routed minibus, usually a 17-passenger Mercedes Sprinter). The Rostov Metro was planned in the early 1990s and later in the 2000s and 2010s. At the end of 2021,

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480-515: Is a major shipping lane connecting southwestern Russia with the north. Rostov-on-Don is a trading port for Russian, Italian, Greek and Turkish merchants selling, for example, wool, wheat and oil. It is also an important river port for passengers. The Rostov-on-Don agricultural region produces one-third of Russia's vegetable oil from sunflowers. With the construction of the Volga-Don Shipping Canal in 1952, Rostov-on-Don has become known as

520-619: Is in Rostov-on-Don. Several highways of federal and regional significance cross Rostov. The M-4 "Don" route passes Rostov to the east and crosses the Don River in the Aksay city area. The "Rostov-Novoshakhtinsk" starts from the Northern housing block area of the city running north to connect with the M-4 "Don" route between Shakhty and Novoshakhtinsk. The Ministry of Regional Development of Russia has prepared

560-481: Is moderately cold, with an average January temperature of −3.0 °C (26.6 °F). The lowest recorded temperature of −31.9 °C (−25.4 °F) occurred in January 1940. Summers are warm and humid; July temperatures average +23.4 °C (74.1 °F). The city's highest recorded temperature of +40.2 °C (104.4 °F) was reported on 7 July 2020. The mean annual precipitation is 643 millimeters (25.3 in),

600-401: The 2018 FIFA World Cup . The international river port specializes in the packaging and freighting of minerals and timber. Shipping information is published online. The main railway stations in Rostov-on-Don are " Rostov-Glavny " and "Rostov-Prigorodny". The "St. Petersburg-Rostov-Caucasus" railway crosses the territory of Rostov-on-Don. The North Caucasus Railway Administration Building

640-585: The 58th Combined Arms Army . As such, it was a key logistical hub during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and the 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive . On 23 June 2023, amid the war, the Wagner Group , a private military company fighting on behalf of the Russian Federation , declared a rebellion against the Russian Ministry of Defence and took control of Rostov-on-Don. On June 24, after reaching

680-583: The French invasion of Russia in 1812, the village was occupied by Napoleonic troops for two weeks. During the reign of the Russian Empire, the village was in Orshansky Uyezd of Mogilev Governorate . In 1857, it had a population of 2,500. Another source from approximately 1880 reports a total of 1,516 inhabitants (978 Jews) with 313 houses, two Russian Orthodox churches, and two Jewish synagogues . In

720-714: The Genoese , and Fort Azak in the time of the Ottoman Empire . In 1749, a custom house was established on the Temernik River , a tributary of the Don, by edict of the Empress Elizabeth , the daughter of Peter the Great , in order to control trade with Turkey . It was co-located with a fortress named for Dimitry of Rostov , a metropolitan bishop of the old northern town of Rostov

760-700: The Köppen climate classification ). Rostov-on-Don Rostov-on-Don is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia . It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River , 32 kilometers (20 mi) from the Sea of Azov , directly north of the North Caucasus . The southwestern suburbs of the city lie above

800-521: The incorporation of previously Ottoman Black Sea territories into the Russian Empire , the settlement lost much of its militarily strategic importance as a frontier post. In 1796, the settlement was chartered and in 1797, it became the seat of Rostovsky Uyezd within Novorossiysk Governorate . In 1806, it was officially renamed Rostov-on-Don. During the 19th century, due to its river connections with Russia's interior, Rostov developed into

840-668: The Academic Drama Theater named after Maxim Gorky works Mikhail Bushnov, who is the national artist of the USSR and an honorary citizen of Rostov-on-Don. The small collections of the Art Gallery and the Museum of Arts include some works by Repin, Surikov, Perov, Levitan and Aivazovsky as well as modern Rostov artists. Other facilities include seven stadiums, a Palace of Sports, a circus, a zoo botanical gardens and parks. Rostov-on-Don hosts

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880-489: The Don river delta . Rostov-on-Don has a population of over one million people and is an important cultural, educational, economic and logistical centre of Southern Russia . From ancient times, the area around the mouth of the Don River has held cultural and commercial importance. Ancient indigenous inhabitants included the Scythian and Sarmatian tribes. It was the site of Tanais , an ancient Greek colony , Fort Tana under

920-542: The Duma on September 20, 1864. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries the home guard regiments, which defended the Southern borders of Russia, were raised under this flag. The "Flag of Rostov" is kept in the town's municipal building under glass. Its length is 1,370 millimeters (54 in) and width, 850 millimeters (33 in). The flag is taken out of the building only on Victory Day and Rostov-on-Don Day by

960-642: The German First Panzer Army in the Battle of Rostov , and then for seven months from 24 July 1942 to 14 February 1943. The town was of strategic importance as a railway junction and a river port accessing the Caucasus , a region rich in oil and minerals. It took ten years to restore the city from the damage during World War II. In 1942 up to 30,000 Russian Jews were massacred by the German military in Rostov-on-Don at

1000-659: The Government of the Rostov Region and the Sinara company signed an agreement on the creation of a high-speed tramway in Rostov-on-Don on a concession basis. This happened at the international forum Transport Week 2021 in Moscow. By signing this agreement, the regional government put an end to the idea of developing the metro in the city in favour of the tram. The Rostov-on-Don Airport caters for domestic travel, as well as flights to and from

1040-451: The Great . Azov , a town closer to the Sea of Azov on the Don, gradually lost its commercial importance in the region to the new fortress, but it remains an important historical center. In 1756, the "Russian commercial and trading company of Constantinople" was founded at the "merchants' settlement" (Kupecheskaya Sloboda) on the high bank of the Don. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, with

1080-700: The North Caucasian Science Center and research institutes. The city is also home to a Starbucks coffee chain, a true rarity in this geographical area of Russia. The Administration of Rostov and Novocherkassk Eparchy of the Russian Orthodox Church is located in Rostov. Other religious facilities in Rostov-on-Don are the Roman Catholic "Church of the Lord's Supper", the Old Believers ' temple,

1120-539: The Rebbe in Rostov. The Chabad movement opened an information center in the village in 2008 called Hatzer Raboteinu Nesieinu Belubavitch. The center is in the former Jewish area of the village, and close to the graves of the two Rebbes. The European Conference of Shluchim brought 500 Chabad rabbis to the village in August 2016 to visit the graves and tour the village. Lyubavichi has a warm-summer humid continental climate ( Dfb in

1160-567: The Rostov-on-Don City Duma adopted a variant of the coat-of-arms in which a tower represents the St. Dimitry Rostovsky Fortress. The ancient Russian arms reference the role Rostov played in the defense of Russia's borders. The coat-of-arms adorns the mayor's decoration but all other cases of its use are first considered for approval by the City Duma. The flag of Rostov-on-Don was approved by

1200-515: The average wind speed is 2.7 m/s, and the average air humidity is 72%. In December 1996, Rostov-on-Don adopted a coat of arms, a flag and a mayoral decoration as the symbols of the town. The first coat of arms of Rostov-on-Don was designed in 1811 and approved by the Tsar. In 1904, some changes were made. One lasting oil painting of the coat-of-arms is kept in the regional local history museum but its accuracy and authenticity are uncertain. In June 1996,

1240-674: The city include: There is also a French cultural centre (Alliance Francaise), a British Council and German Goethe Institute (DAAD and Bosch foundation), and a Korean Cultural Centre. The most conspicuous architectural feature of the central part of the city is the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1860–1887), designed by Konstantin Thon . Rostov-on-Don's libraries include: In

Chaya Mushka Schneersohn - Misplaced Pages Continue

1280-401: The former C.I.S., Europe, Africa and Asia. Its IATA code is "ROV". Donavia airlines (formerly "Aeroflot Don") has its head office in Rostov-on-Don. The Bataysk military aerodrome (which is located 5.0 miles (8.0 km) northwest of the city center) may be developed into a new airport hub for Southern Russia. Platov International Airport was opened in late 2017 as part of preparations for

1320-575: The fourth Rebbe, Shmuel Schneersohn (1834–1882) are buried in Lyubavichi. The fifth Rebbe, Sholom Dovber Schneersohn (1860–1920), established the Yeshivah Tomchei Temimim Lubavitch in the village in the summer of 1897. In the fall of 1915, the rebbe evacuated his Hassidic court to Rostov, Russia with the onset of World War I. The central yeshivah was disbanded in 1917, and its students went into exile before its reestablishment by

1360-518: The late 19th and early 20th centuries, Lyubavichi was the largest market within the Mogilev Governorate, with annual sales of more than 1.5 million rubles. The Jewish population of Lyubavichi was 1,164 in 1847 and 1,660 in 1897. The village's economy declined after the 1917 Russian Revolution and religious Jews were persecuted by the Yevsektsiya . The Jewish population was 967 in 1926, half of

1400-399: The population of Rostov-on-Don at 1,142,162 making it the 11th most populous city in Russia . At the time of the official 2010 Census, the ethnic makeup of the city's population whose ethnicity was known (1,066,523) was: Albert Parry , born in 1901 in Rostov-on-Don, wrote of the summers of his childhood: Rostov-on-Don lies in a humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfa ). The winter

1440-668: The suit on a large chain. The mayor returns the decoration to the Duma on his or her retirement from office. The Emblem of the Don Host Oblast was introduced in July ;5 (18), 1878. The flag of the All Great Don Army was introduced in May 1918 on the "Circle of the Don Saving". Rostov's favourable geographical position at trading crossroads promotes economic development. The Don River

1480-682: The total population. During the German invasion of Russia , the German military entered Lyubavichi in August 1941, established a ghetto, and massacred the 483 remaining Jews on November 4, 1941. The village lends its name to the Chabad-Lubavitch branch of Hasidic Judaism , where its leadership established a court and was the seat of four generations of Chabad Rebbes between 1813 and 1915. The second Chabad Rebbe, Dovber Schneuri (1773–1827), moved from Lyady to Lyubavichi in 1813. The third Rebbe of Chabad, Menachem Mendel Schneersohn (1789–1866), and

1520-479: Was accompanied by a rapid increase in population, with 119,500 residents registered in Rostov by the end of the nineteenth century along with approximately 140 industrial businesses. The harbour was one of the largest trade hubs in southern Russia, especially for the export of wheat , timber , and iron ore . In 1779, Rostov-on-Don became associated with a settlement of Armenian refugees from Crimea at Nakhichevan-on-Don . The two settlements were separated by

1560-863: Was an advocate for Agunot , women who are bound to their marriages by Jewish law whether through the husband's disappearance or refusal to comply with divorce proceedings. Chaya Mushka held the personal custom of reciting the Slichot prayers during the week between Rosh Hashana , the Jewish New Year, and Yom Kippur , the Day of Atonement. Solid lines indicate parents/children, dashed lines show marriages, dotted lines show in-laws. Additional members of Schneersohn family are not listed here Lyubavichi, Rudnyansky District, Smolensk Oblast Lyubavichi ( Russian : Любавичи ; Belarusian : Любавічы , romanized :  Lyubavichy ; Yiddish : ליובאַװיטש , Lyubavitsh )

1600-938: Was briefly occupied by the German Empire in 1918. During the Russian Civil War , the Whites and the Reds contested Rostov-on-Don, then the most heavily industrialized city of South Russia. By 1928, the regional government had moved from the old Cossack capital of Novocherkassk to Rostov-on-Don. In the Soviet years, the Bolsheviks demolished two of Rostov-on-Don's principal landmarks: St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (1908) and St. George Cathedral (1783–1807). During World War II , Nazi German forces occupied Rostov-on-Don, at first from 19/20 November to 2 December 1941, after attacks by

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