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111-581: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport ( IATA : BOM , ICAO : VABB ) is the international airport serving Mumbai , the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra . It is the second busiest airport in India in terms of total and international passenger traffic after Delhi , and was the ninth busiest airport in Asia and 25th busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic in fiscal year 2023–24. The airport

222-686: A Build-operate-transfer basis. The terminal has the capacity to handle 300,000 metric tonnes of cargo annually and is built on an area of 60,000 square feet. The Cargo Terminal is an "elevated terminal structure" where all arriving domestic cargo is managed from the basement level while departing cargo is handled at the upper level. Air India and Blue Dart handle their own domestic cargo operations at their own terminals. Blue Dart opened its dedicated cargo facility at Mumbai Airport near Terminal 1 on 7 February 2019. The facility measures 4,300 square meters and has air-side and city-side access, allowing for faster transfer of shipments. [REDACTED] Vile Parle

333-464: A shared workspace out of the terminal. The Old International Terminal was closed permanently at 13:00 on 12 February 2014, and international operations from the New Terminal 2 commenced on the same day. The first arrival was Air India flight 343 (an Airbus A330-200 ) from Singapore via Chennai, and the first departure was Jet Airways flight 118 (a Boeing 777-300ER ) to London. It was inaugurated by

444-559: A 'metro component' in the User Development Fee charged at Mumbai Airport from 2016 to February 2023 to raise Rs 518 crore for metro connectivity. The charges of Rs 20 and Rs 120 per domestic and international departure respectively were levied until the target sum was raised. Line 7A is an extension of the 16.475 km (10.237 mi) long 'Red Line' that will connect to T2. The line will have an underground station at CSMIA. Civil work on this line began in early 2020. Tunnelling work

555-425: A 15–20-minute (landside) drive between them. A dedicated General Aviation Terminal caters to passengers using private and non-scheduled flight operations. Terminal 1, locally known as Santacruz Airport , is used for domestic flights primarily operated by low-cost carriers. This was the original Santacruz building that was Mumbai's first passenger terminal which was once integrated, however was renamed Terminal 1 after

666-493: A bid for Air India , and completely bought Air Asia India . He has mentioned the future strategy is to focus on healthcare, electronics, and digital. Tata Owned Air India got approval to acquire AirAsia India , nearly two months after putting forth the proposal. The Competition Commission of India (CCI) approved the acquisition of the entire shareholding in Air Asia India by Tata-owned Air India. The chairman of Tata Sons

777-613: A café bar. When the Sahar terminal was opened in the 1980s, the terminal at Santacruz reverted to being a domestic terminal. The terminal consisted of three structures, Terminals 1A, 1B, and 1C. In January 2017, MIAL renamed the Terminal 1B as T1. Terminal 2 of the airport is located at Sahar Village , in Vile Parle East. Designed by Aéroports de Paris and opened in January 1981, Terminal 2

888-402: A central processing building featuring a 42-metre high roof employing over 20,000 metric tonnes of fabricated steel covering 30 acres. However, the eastern pier of Terminal 2 remains truncated due to non-clearance of slums in the adjoining plot, giving an asymmetrical look when seen from above. The new Terminal 2 building operates Multiple Aircraft Ramp System (MARS) stands and swing gates, so that

999-588: A controlling interest. New sectors such as chemicals, technology, cosmetics, marketing, engineering, manufacturing, tea, and software services earned them recognition. In 1932, JRD founded an airline, known as Tata Air Services (later renamed Tata Airlines). In 1953, the Government of India passed the Air Corporations Act and purchased a majority stake in the carrier from Tata Sons , though JRD Tata would continue as chairman till 1977. In 1945, Tata Motors

1110-551: A mezzanine floor where five elongated nodules connect the terminal with the aircraft via aerobridges . Terminals 2B and 2C were decommissioned in February 2014 when the new T2 took over operations. They were demolished later that year so that the remainder of the new T2 could be completed. The Air Cargo Complex, located west of the International Passenger Terminal 2, has been in operation since 1977. The cargo apron

1221-465: A multi level car park for 5,000 cars. The parking Management System and Revenue control system for the entire MLCP has been designed and supplied by SKIDATA . It has 192 check-in counters and 60 immigration counters for departing passengers, and 14 baggage carousels and 76 immigration counters for arriving passengers. To transfer passengers across its four levels, the building has 48 escalators and 75 elevators. The terminal also features 42 travelators . In

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1332-550: A new airport is built, replacing the old one, leaving the city's new "major" airport (or the only remaining airport) code to no longer correspond with the city's name. The original airport in Nashville, Tennessee, was built in 1936 as part of the Works Progress Administration and called Berry Field with the designation, BNA. A new facility known as Nashville International Airport was built in 1987 but still uses BNA. This

1443-552: A new passenger terminal and apron began in 1950 and was commissioned in 1958. Named after the neighbourhood in which it stood and initially under the aegis of the Public Works Department, the new airport was subsequently run by the Ministry of Civil Aviation . With the dawning of the jumbo jet era in the 1970s, Santacruz, despite several extensions, began suffering from insufficient operational capacity. The Santacruz terminal

1554-573: A profit after two years. In 1874, he set up another cotton mill at Nagpur named Empress Mill. He dreamed of achieving four goals, setting up an iron and steel company, a unique hotel, a world-class learning institution, and a hydroelectric plant . During his lifetime, in 1903, the Taj Mahal Hotel at Colaba waterfront was opened making it the first hotel with electricity in British India. After Jamsetji's death, his older son Dorabji Tata became

1665-486: A residential building for executive education programmers on the institute's campus in Boston , Massachusetts . The building, now known as Tata Hall, is the largest endowment received by Harvard Business School from an international donor. In 2017, Tata Trusts gifted US$ 70 million to University of California, San Diego and also partnered with it in setting up Tata Institute for Genetics and Society(TIGS) to address some of

1776-514: A single stand can accommodate either one wide-body aircraft or two narrow-body aircraft, in either domestic or international configuration. The new terminal is connected by the six-lane Sahar Elevated Access Road to the Western Express Highway . A metro rail link to the terminal is under construction. The New Terminal has around 21,000 square metres of retail space, lounges and travel services, over 5,000 square metres of landscaping and

1887-480: A three-lane underground tunnel to facilitate airside passenger movement between terminals. The tunnel will cost 500 - 600 Crores and will be completed in two phases. Larsen & Toubro (L&T) was awarded the contract to construct the new Terminal 2, in order to differentiate it from the Old Terminal 2 Building. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) was the architectural designer of the project. SOM also provided

1998-499: Is GSN and its IATA code is SPN, and some coincide with IATA codes of non-U.S. airports. Canada's unusual codes—which bear little to no similarity with any conventional abbreviation to the city's name—such as YUL in Montréal , and YYZ in Toronto , originated from the two-letter codes used to identify weather reporting stations in the 1930s. The letters preceding the two-letter code follow

2109-493: Is a new animal welfare effort that Ratan Tata has started. This hospital, which is scheduled to open in March 2024 , will be an innovative facility committed to provide modern medical care for pets, including dogs, cats, and rabbits. Ratan Tata is personally passionate about the idea, which was sparked by his own pet-related experiences. Most of the philanthropic activities of the group are carried out by various trusts incorporated by

2220-583: Is a railway station on the Western line and Harbour line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network closest to both T1 and T2 of the airport. [REDACTED] Line 3 (Mumbai Metro) has stations at Terminal 1 and Terminal 2. [REDACTED] Airport Road and Marol Naka are the stations on Line 1 of the Mumbai Metro system closest to Terminal T2. [REDACTED] Western Express Highway (WEH)

2331-680: Is an Indian group of companies headquartered in Mumbai . Established in 1868, it is India's largest business conglomerate , with products and services in over 160 countries, and operations in 100 countries. There are total 29 publicly listed Tata Group companies with a combined market capitalisation of ₹33.7 trillion (US$ 403 billion) as of 20 August 2024. Major affiliates include Tata Consultancy Services , Tata Motors , Tata Steel , Tata Power , Titan , Tata Projects , Air India , Indian Hotels Company , Tata Consumer Products , Voltas , Trent , Cromā and BigBasket . Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata

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2442-600: Is available. However, many railway administrations have their own list of codes for their stations, such as the list of Amtrak station codes . Airport codes arose out of the convenience that the practice brought pilots for location identification in the 1930s. Initially, pilots in the United States used the two-letter code from the National Weather Service (NWS) for identifying cities. This system became unmanageable for cities and towns without an NWS identifier, and

2553-829: Is capable of handling five wide-bodied aircraft. In 2009–10, the airport handled 385,937 metric tonnes of International Cargo and 165,252 metric tonnes of Domestic Cargo. Air India (AI) and Mumbai International Airport Pvt Ltd (MIAL) have been appointed as custodians of cargo by the Central Board of Excise and Customs at Mumbai. The Cargo Terminal has a Centre for Perishable Cargo (CPC) with an area of 1844 m for perishable and temperature-sensitive international export shipments, strong rooms of 115 m for storage of valuable cargo and storage areas for dangerous goods in both import and export warehouses, dedicated Unaccompanied Baggage handling and clearance areas and 9 coloured X-ray cargo screening machines for export cargo. Apart from handling 65% of

2664-518: Is different from the name in English, yet the airport code represents only the English name. Examples include: Due to scarcity of codes, some airports are given codes with letters not found in their names: The use of 'X' as a filler letter is a practice to create three-letter identifiers when more straightforward options were unavailable: Some airports in the United States retained their NWS ( National Weather Service ) codes and simply appended an X at

2775-756: Is expected to be completed by December 2024. IATA airport code The assignment of these codes is governed by IATA Resolution 763, and it is administered by the IATA's headquarters in Montreal , Canada. The codes are published semi-annually in the IATA Airline Coding Directory. IATA provides codes for airport handling entities, and for certain railway stations. Alphabetical lists of airports sorted by IATA code are available. A list of railway station codes , shared in agreements between airlines and rail lines such as Amtrak , SNCF , and Deutsche Bahn ,

2886-513: Is in conjunction to rules aimed to avoid confusion that seem to apply in the United States, which state that "the first and second letters or second and third letters of an identifier may not be duplicated with less than 200 nautical miles separation." Thus, Washington, D.C. area's three airports all have radically different codes: IAD for Washington–Dulles , DCA for Washington–Reagan (District of Columbia Airport), and BWI for Baltimore (Baltimore–Washington International, formerly BAL). Since HOU

2997-543: Is located at Kalina on the southwest side of the airfield. The terminal was approved for international operations in April 2011, making CSMIA the first airport in India to have a self-contained terminal for handling round the clock domestic and international flight operations for private and NSOPs. The terminal offers facilities for passengers departing and arriving on private aircraft and business jets. The terminal has two exclusive lounges, two conference halls, two crew restrooms and

3108-532: Is not followed outside the United States: In addition, since three letter codes starting with Q are widely used in radio communication, cities whose name begins with "Q" also had to find alternate codes, as in the case of: IATA codes should not be confused with the FAA identifiers of U.S. airports. Most FAA identifiers agree with the corresponding IATA codes, but some do not, such as Saipan , whose FAA identifier

3219-403: Is open to First class and Business class travellers and can accommodate 440 guests at a time. It is spread over 30,000 square feet across two levels of the terminal and has a library, a business centre and fine-dining options, apart from the usual facilities like concierge services, a smoking zone, food and beverage, a bar, a luxury spa, a shower area and a relaxation area. The luxury lounge has won

3330-517: Is operated by Mumbai International Airport Limited (MIAL), a joint venture between Adani Enterprises , a subsidiary of the Adani Group and Airports Authority of India . The airport is named after Shivaji (1630–1680), 17th-century Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire . It was renamed in 1999 from the previous " Sahar Airport " to " Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport " (the title "Maharaj"

3441-545: Is the station on Line 1 of the Mumbai Metro system closest to Terminal T1. The Brihanmumbai Electricity Supply and Transport Undertaking (BEST) operates air-conditioned buses to the Airport from Thane, Navi Mumbai, Borivali, South Mumbai and Andheri railway station which can be booked on the Chalo App. The Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT) runs bus services to the Airport from various nodes of Navi Mumbai . Line 3 of

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3552-416: Is used for William P. Hobby Airport , the new Houston–Intercontinental became IAH. The code BKK was originally assigned to Bangkok–Don Mueang and was later transferred to Suvarnabhumi Airport , while the former adopted DMK. The code ISK was originally assigned to Gandhinagar Airport (Nashik's old airport) and later on transferred to Ozar Airport (Nashik's current airport). Shanghai–Hongqiao retained

3663-674: Is usually the chairman of the Tata Group. As of 2020, there have been seven chairmen of Tata Group. Tata Group has helped establish and finance numerous research, educational and cultural institutes in India, and received the Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy . In 2008, Tata Group donated US$ 50 million to Cornell University for "agricultural and nutrition programs in India and for the education of Indian students at Cornell." In 2010, Tata Group donated INR 2.20 billion (US$ 50 million) to Harvard Business School to build an academic and

3774-610: The Adani Group , through its subsidiary, Adani Enterprises acquired both GVK and Bidvest's stakes in MIAL, giving it a controlling interest of 74% in the venture. The airport has two intersecting runways and handles an average of 980 flights per day. The runways were upgraded to Code F, which means they can accommodate larger aircraft like the Airbus A380 . Following a presentation in March 2011 by UK's air traffic service provider NATS on how

3885-561: The Canadian transcontinental railroads were built, each station was assigned its own two-letter Morse code : When the Canadian government established airports, it used the existing railway codes for them as well. If the airport had a weather station, authorities added a "Y" to the front of the code, meaning "Yes" to indicate it had a weather station or some other letter to indicate it did not. When international codes were created in cooperation with

3996-634: The Kannan Devan Hill (Resumption of Lands) Act, 1971, and there was a shortage of 278.23 hectares (2.7823 km ) in that. The Chief Minister of Kerala V.S. Achuthanandan , who vowed to evict all on government land in Munnar, formed a special squad for the Munnar land takeover mission and started acquiring back properties. However, the mission was aborted due to both influential landholders and opposition from Achuthanandan's own party. On 2 January 2006, Kalinganagar , Tribal Orissa villagers protested against

4107-538: The Mumbai Metro serves CSMIA via three stations – one each at the Santacruz and Sahar terminals and one in the GVK SkyCity. The stations, part of the 12.5 kilometre Phase 1 route that runs between Bandra Kurla Complex (BKC) and Aarey JVLR, were opened to the public on 7 October 2024. When both phases are completed, the line will run underground from Cuffe Parade to SEEPZ and will reduce the commute time between Colaba and

4218-586: The 'World's Leading Airport Lounge – First Class 2015' award at the World Travel Awards 2015 held in Morocco. The terminal also houses the Niranta Airport Transit Hotel and the 32-room hotel is the first of its kind in the country. It is located on Level 1 of the terminal and rooms may be booked by passengers who have checked into the airport. IWG plc , operating under the brand Regus operates

4329-547: The AAI board approved a modernisation proposal only in 2003. By then, Bombay and Delhi Airports were handling 38% of the country's aircraft movement and generating one-third of all revenues earned by AAI. At that time, the Bombay airport handled 13.3 million passengers, 60% of which were domestic travellers. The airport faced severe congestion for both aircraft and passengers as it was handling twice as many aircraft movements per day than it

4440-627: The Airports Authority of India (AAI) at an overall project cost of about ₹2.80 billion, was functional from 1999 to 2013. During that period, many airlines such as Singapore Airlines, Saudia, Qantas and United avoided landing at Mumbai airport when the secondary runway was in use as the ATC tower was too close to the runway and not in compliance with ICAO standards . The tower penetrated runway 14/32's transitional obstacle limitation surfaces by over 50 metres (for ILS approaches). The tower also obstructed

4551-470: The Gahirmatha Sanctuary and Bhitarkanika National Park by Indian and international organisations, including Greenpeace ; Gahirmatha Beach is one of the world's largest mass nesting sites for the olive ridley turtle , and India's second largest mangrove forest, Bhitarkanika , is a designated Ramsar site , and critics claimed that the port could disrupt mass nesting at Gahirmtha beaches as well as

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4662-474: The Mumbai Airport handled 45.87 million passengers, only second to IGI's 67.3 million in India. In financial year 2023–24, the airport handled the highest ever passengers in its history of 52.8 million passengers, surpassing its maximum capacity of 50 million passengers per year, and second only to IGI's 73.6 million in India. A consortium of GVK Industries , Airports Company South Africa , and Bidvest , won

4773-943: The Nano project. On 31 August 2016, in a historic judgement, the Honorable Supreme Court of India set aside the land acquisition by the West Bengal Government in 2006 that had facilitated Tata Motors' Nano plant, stating that the West Bengal government had not taken possession of the land legally, and were now required to repossess and return it to local farmers within 12 weeks without compensation. The Port of Dhamara has received significant coverage, sparking controversy in India, and in Tata's emerging global markets. The Dhamra port, an equal joint venture between Tata Steel and Larsen & Toubro , has been criticised for its proximity to

4884-588: The Previous International Terminal (which has already been demolished). The entire project was estimated to cost ₹ 98 billion (US$ 1.2 billion) and employ over 12,000 workers. The X-shaped terminal has a total floor area of 450,000 square metres across four floors and handles both domestic and international passengers. It includes new taxiways and apron areas for aircraft parking designed to cater to 40 million passengers annually. The structure has boarding gates on two piers extending southwards from

4995-629: The RAF began the process of handing over the airfield to the Director General of Civil Aviation for Civil operations, two old abandoned hangars of the Royal Air Force had been converted into a terminal for passenger traffic. One hangar was used as a domestic terminal and the other for international traffic. It had counters for customs and immigration checks on either side and a lounge in the center. Air India handled its passengers in its own terminal adjoining

5106-607: The Terminal 1 airlines moved into the newer Terminal 2 building. The terminal has 11 passenger boarding bridges. MIAL renamed Terminal 1B to Terminal 1 in January 2017 to help fliers identify it easily. Citing safety and structural challenges, in March 2024, the Adani Group announced plans to demolish and re-build Terminal 1, a few months after Dinkar Balu Patil International Airport Navi Mumbai starts operations. The rebuilding project will begin in 2025 and take three years to complete. The New Terminal 1 will be connected to Terminal 2 through

5217-467: The U.S. For example, several airports in Alaska have scheduled commercial service, such as Stebbins and Nanwalek , which use FAA codes instead of ICAO codes. Thus, neither system completely includes all airports with scheduled service. Some airports are identified in colloquial speech by their IATA code. Examples include LAX and JFK . Tata Group The Tata Group ( / ˈ t ɑː t ɑː / )

5328-481: The United States, because "Y" was seldom used in the United States, Canada simply used the weather station codes for its airports, changing the "Y" to a "Z" if it conflicted with an airport code already in use. The result is that most major Canadian airport codes start with "Y" followed by two letters in the city's name (for example, YOW for O tta w a , YWG for W innipe g , YYC for C algar y , or YVR for V ancouve r ), whereas other Canadian airports append

5439-440: The airport itself instead of the city it serves, while another code is reserved which refers to the city itself which can be used to search for flights to any of its airports. For instance: Or using a code for the city in one of the major airports and then assigning another code to another airport: When different cities with the same name each have an airport, they need to be assigned different codes. Examples include: Sometimes,

5550-515: The airport surpassed London 's Gatwick Airport as the world's busiest to operate a single runway at a time. This was later surpassed again by Gatwick Airport at the end of 2019 due to passenger numbers falling at Mumbai. It handled a record of 1,007 aircraft movements on 9 December 2018, higher than its earlier record of 1,003 flight movements in a day in June 2018. It handled a record of 51 movements in one hour on 16 September 2014. In financial year 2020,

5661-452: The airport to 40 minutes. In early 2012, the MMRDA held talks with MIAL to either construct or finance the construction of three of the line's stations. MIAL agreed to bear the cost of constructing the three stations, expected to total ₹ 777 crore, because of the potential increase in passenger convenience. However, CSIA placed conditions before MMRDA for the corridor; MIAL specified that

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5772-418: The airport's former name, such as Orlando International Airport 's MCO (for Mc C o y Air Force Base), or Chicago's O'Hare International Airport , which is coded ORD for its original name: Or char d Field. In rare cases, the code comes from the airport's unofficial name, such as Kahului Airport 's OGG (for local aviation pioneer Jimmy H ogg ). In large metropolitan areas, airport codes are often named after

5883-486: The bid to run the Mumbai Airport. To accomplish this task, Mumbai International Airport Private Limited (MIAL), a joint venture between the consortium (74%) and the Airports Authority of India (26%) was formed. Since then, MIAL has made several improvements in the aesthetics, design and passenger conveniences at CSMIA including the refurbishment of domestic terminals 1A & 1B, international terminals 2B & 2C, and

5994-440: The capacity of the airport can be increased, MIAL set a target of 48 aircraft movements an hour in an effort to reduce congestion at the airport. Both runways were operated simultaneously especially during peak hours to try and attain this target. MIAL scrapped simultaneous Cross-runway flight operations in mid-2013 after it found that single runway operations were more effective for increasing aircraft movements per hour. Runway 14/32

6105-505: The chairman in 1904. Sir Dorabji established the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO), now known as Tata Steel in 1907. Marking the group's global ambitions, Tata Limited opened its first overseas office in London . Following the founder's goals, Western India's first hydro plant was brought to life, giving birth to Tata Power . Yet another dream, Indian Institute of Science was established with

6216-491: The code SHA, while the newer Shanghai–Pudong adopted PVG. The opposite was true for Berlin : the airport Berlin–Tegel used the code TXL, while its smaller counterpart Berlin–Schönefeld used SXF; the Berlin Brandenburg Airport has the airport code BER, which is also part of its branding. The airports of Hamburg (HAM) and Hannover (HAJ) are less than 100 nautical miles (190 km) apart and therefore share

6327-450: The commercial rights of the three stations it constructs will fully rest with the authority, and that revenue earned from any commercial activity on the premises would go to MIAL. It would undertake the design and civil construction of the stations, costing ₹ 600 crore, on its own, and would pay the estimated cost of electromechanical equipment (around ₹ 177 crore) to MMRDA in three equal instalments over three years. MIAL inserted

6438-408: The construction of a new steel plant for Tata Steel on land historically owned by them. Some of the villagers had been evicted without adequate relocation. Police retribution was brutal: 37 protesters were injured and 13 killed, including 3 women and a 13-year-old boy. One policeman was hacked to death by a mob after police had opened fire on protestors with tear gas and rubber bullets. Family members of

6549-557: The country. In one of its issues, Time magazine, referring to the chaos, called the terminal building a " black hole ". A major fire gutted the International section of the terminal building on 21 September 1979, killing three passengers and shutting down the airport. A temporary departure extension or "Gulf Terminal" was made functional in October of that year until the terminal was repaired. The Tata committee, set up in 1967 to examine

6660-702: The deceased villagers later claimed that the bodies had been mutilated during post-mortem examination. In December 2006, Myanmar's chief of general staff, General Thura Shwe Mann, visited the Tata Motors plant in Pune. In 2009, Tata Motors announced that it would manufacture trucks in Myanmar. Tata Motors reported that these contracts to supply hardware and automobiles to Burma's military were subsequently criticised by human rights activists. The Singur controversy in West Bengal

6771-623: The demise of Jet Airways on 17 April 2019, other carriers launched additional domestic flights using slots vacated by Jet Airways. These flights were operated from Terminal 2. This arrangement resulted in some of the larger carriers having to operate domestic flights from both terminals. Hence, MIAL moved to streamline operations at both terminals in September 2019, shifting all of its domestic operations of Indigo, AirAsia India and Go First back to Terminal 1, while SpiceJet shifted all of its domestic operations from Terminal 1 to Terminal 2. Until 2000-01,

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6882-569: The ecology of the Bitharkanika mangrove forest. Tata Steel employed mitigation measures set by the project's official advisor, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and the company pledged to "adopt all its recommendations without exception" when conservation organisations asserted that a thorough environmental impact analysis had not been done for the project, which had undergone changes in size and specifications since it

6993-919: The end. Examples include: A lot of minor airfields without scheduled passenger traffic have ICAO codes but not IATA codes, since the four letter codes allow more number of codes, and IATA codes are mainly used for passenger services such as tickets, and ICAO codes by pilots. In the US, such airfields use FAA codes instead of ICAO. There are airports with scheduled service for which there are ICAO codes but not IATA codes, such as Nkhotakota Airport/Tangole Airport in Malawi or Chōfu Airport in Tokyo, Japan. There are also several minor airports in Russia (e.g., Omsukchan Airport ) which lack IATA codes and instead use internal Russian codes for booking. Flights to these airports cannot be booked through

7104-442: The first group of students admitted in 1911. J. R. D. Tata was made chairman of the Tata Group in 1938. Under his chairmanship, the assets of the Tata Group grew from US$ 101 million to over US$ 5 billion. Starting with 14 enterprises, upon his departure half a century later in 1988, Tata Sons had grown to a conglomerate of 95 enterprises. These enterprises consisted of ventures that the company had either started or in which they held

7215-557: The first three letters of the city in which it is located, for instance: The code may also be a combination of the letters in its name, such as: Sometimes the airport code reflects pronunciation, rather than spelling, namely: For many reasons, some airport codes do not fit the normal scheme described above. Some airports, for example, cross several municipalities or regions, and therefore, use codes derived from some of their letters, resulting in: Other airports—particularly those serving cities with multiple airports—have codes derived from

7326-474: The following format: Most large airports in Canada have codes that begin with the letter "Y", although not all "Y" codes are Canadian (for example, YUM for Yuma, Arizona , and YNT for Yantai , China), and not all Canadian airports start with the letter "Y" (for example, ZBF for Bathurst, New Brunswick ). Many Canadian airports have a code that starts with W, X or Z, but none of these are major airports. When

7437-593: The form of " YYZ ", a song by the rock band Rush , which utilizes the Morse code signal as a musical motif. Some airports have started using their IATA codes as brand names , such as Calgary International Airport (YYC) and Vancouver International Airport (YVR). Numerous New Zealand airports use codes that contain the letter Z, to distinguish them from similar airport names in other countries. Examples include HLZ for Hamilton , ZQN for Queenstown , and WSZ for Westport . Predominantly, airport codes are named after

7548-503: The initial phase of development, the apron adjoining Terminal 2 provides a total of 48 stands including 3 Code F stands (for the A380). In the final phase of development, a total of 38 Code E/F contact stands, 14 Code E/F remote stands and 20 Code C remote stands are provided (total 72 stands). The GVK Lounge, the first common luxury lounge at an airport in India, opened in November 2014. The lounge

7659-482: The international air booking systems or have international luggage transferred there, and thus, they are booked instead through the airline or a domestic booking system. Several heliports in Greenland have 3-letter codes used internally which might be IATA codes for airports in faraway countries. There are several airports with scheduled service that have not been assigned ICAO codes that do have IATA codes, especially in

7770-523: The international volumes at CSIA, MIAL also operates a Common User Domestic Cargo Facility. After taking over the redevelopment work of the airport in 2006, MIAL commissioned an offshore Common User Terminal (CUT) near the Marol pipeline as a temporary arrangement. In June 2016, MIAL opened a new domestic cargo CUT near the Western Express Highway in Vile Parle . The CUT has been outsourced to Concor Air Ltd. on

7881-460: The issues concerning the airport, had recommended the construction of a new international terminal to meet the requirements of traffic in the seventies. The Santa Cruz terminal was to be used for domestic traffic alone. The International Airport Authority of India (IAAI), which was set up in 1972, started planning the construction of a new terminal building for handling international passenger traffic, to be completed by 1981. Accordingly, construction of

7992-547: The lake, and then disposing the water back to the lake. This process could interrupt the chemical makeup of the lake. 22 African nations signed a petition to stop its construction. In April 2016, a U.S. Federal Grand Jury awarded Epic Systems a US$ 940 million judgement against Tata Consultancy Services and Tata America International Corp. Filed 31 October 2014; the suit charged that "6,477 unauthorized downloads could be used to enhance Tata's competing product, Med Mantra." In 2017, U.S. District Court Judge William Conley reduced

8103-479: The limited availability of 45 minutes and inconvenient access. All vehicles arriving at Terminal 2 to pick up arriving passengers are routed via the multi-level car park and are charged a fee to counter traffic congestion at the airport. Four-wheelers are charged a minimum fee of ₹ 140 (US$ 1.70) for 30 minutes in general parking and two-wheelers ₹Convert for 240 minutes. The airport's General Aviation Terminal for private and non-scheduled flight operators (NSOPs)

8214-560: The meantime the cross runway is being upgraded as much as possible. India's second tallest air traffic control tower with a height of 87.5 m (287 ft) after Delhi Airport (101.9 m) stands in a section of the parking area opposite terminal 1B. The triangular three-dimensional structure with soft vertices that won the Hong Kong Building Information Modelling (BIM) Award for the year 2009, has six storeys commencing from 62.1 m (204 ft). The tower

8325-557: The members of the Tata family . The company has attracted controversy for reports of political corruption , cronyism , theft, mass killings, and exploitation of its customers, Indian citizens, and natural resources. The Kerala Government filed an affidavit in the high court alleging that Tata Tea had "grabbed" forest land of 3,000 acres (12 km ) at Munnar . The Tatas provided that they possessed 58,741.82 acres (237.7197 km ) of land, which they are allowed to retain under

8436-612: The name of the airport itself, for instance: This is also true with some cities with a single airport (even if there is more than one airport in the metropolitan area of said city), such as BDL for Hartford, Connecticut 's B ra dl ey International Airport or Baltimore's BWI, for B altimore/ W ashington I nternational Airport ; however, the latter also serves Washington, D.C. , alongside Dulles International Airport (IAD, for I nternational A irport D ulles) and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA, for D istrict of C olumbia A irport). The code also sometimes comes from

8547-494: The new international terminal at Sahar to the northeast of Santacruz in Vile Parle was taken up at an estimated cost of ₹ 110 million. Construction of the new international terminal at Sahar began in November 1977, and the first phase took three years to build. Sahar Terminal 2A, the first phase of the two-part terminal, was opened on 5 December 1980. AAI had been considering the modernisation of Bombay Airport in 1996 although

8658-416: The one they are located in: Other airport codes are of obscure origin, and each has its own peculiarities: In Asia, codes that do not correspond with their city's names include Niigata 's KIJ , Nanchang 's KHN and Pyongyang 's FNJ . EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg , which serves three countries, has three airport codes: BSL, MLH, EAP. Some cities have a name in their respective language which

8769-483: The opening of a brand new domestic terminal 1C and new Terminal T2. MIAL also undertook airside improvement projects such as the commissioning of new taxiways, and aprons and the reconstruction of the two runways. In February 2008, MIAL entered into an agreement with Air Transport IT specialist SITA that led to CSIA becoming the first airport in India to Implement Common-use self-service Kiosks and CUTE ( Common Use Terminal Equipment ) check-in systems. In February 2021,

8880-470: The opening of the Sahar building for international operations and became a domestic operations terminal. It was refurbished several times over the decades, the most recent being during the 2000s. It was further divided into Terminal 1A, Terminal 1B, and Terminal 1C after their permanent closure during the course of the late 1990s and early 2000s. It was used by SpiceJet, Go First, and IndiGo, but after Jet Airways dissolved on 17 April 2019, select flights from all

8991-419: The path of a parallel taxiway under construction for the secondary runway. MIAL demolished the tower in 2014. The airport has two terminals for scheduled commercial passenger services: Terminal 1 at Santacruz for domestic flights and Terminal 2 at Sahar for both international and domestic flights. While both terminals use the same airside facilities, they are physically separated on the city side, requiring

9102-501: The same first and middle letters, indicating that this rule might be followed only in Germany. Many cities retain historical names in their airport codes, even after having undergone an official name/spelling/transliteration change: Some airport codes are based on previous names associated with a present airport, often with a military heritage. These include: Some airports are named for an administrative division or nearby city, rather than

9213-484: The schematic design of structure and MEP and the detailed structural design of the roof. Detailed design of the foundations and the rest of the structure and civil works, the MEP, IT, and airport systems, including the full construction documentation of the project was carried out by L&T's in-house design team, EDRC (Engineering Design and Research Center). The terminal covers a land area of 210,000 square metres and has replaced

9324-435: The second airline to operate domestic flights from the Terminal 2, to ease their International and Domestic passenger transfers, and Jet Airways shifted all of its domestic operations from Terminal 1 to Terminal 2 on 15 March 2016, facilitating a seamless transfer experience for its passengers, whereas all other domestic airlines, namely Indigo, Go First, and SpiceJet, took place, both Departure and Arrival, at Terminal 1. After

9435-560: The security of the airport was under Maharashtra Police / Mumbai Police . However, following the hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight 814 on 24 December 1999 and September 11 attacks in the United States in 2001, airport security was handed to the Airport Sector division of the Central Industrial Security Force . The airport has free Wi-Fi connectivity provided by Tata Docomo across both Terminal 1 and 2. However,

9546-482: The service has been criticized for being ineffective and complicated access for international passengers, as the passengers need to get an OTP through an Indian phone number only, while the free service lasts for just 45 minutes, following which passengers have to buy data packs. Due to frequent criticism by passengers, the airport operators were forced to open Wi-Fi kiosks that scan boarding passes and allow 3 hours of free Wi-Fi, after showing an initial reluctance to change

9657-497: The station code of Malton, Mississauga , where it is located). YUL is used for Montréal–Trudeau (UL was the ID code for the beacon in the city of Kirkland , now the location of Montréal–Trudeau). While these codes make it difficult for the public to associate them with a particular Canadian city, some codes have become popular in usage despite their cryptic nature, particularly at the largest airports. Toronto's code has entered pop culture in

9768-545: The then Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh . The domestic operations at Terminal 2 were launched on 9 January 2015, with the inaugural flight of Vistara arriving from New Delhi. Vistara initially operated from Level 4 of the Terminal, which is being used only by international passengers, but in July 2015, they shifted to Level 3, which will be used only for domestic operations. Air India shifted all of its domestic operations from Terminal 1A to Terminal 2 on 1 October 2015 making it

9879-487: The two hangars. In its first year, it handled six civilian services a day. Traffic at the airport increased after Karachi was partitioned to Pakistan and as many as 40 daily domestic and foreign services were operated by 1949, prompting the Indian Government to develop the airport, equipping the airport with a night landing system comprising a Radio range and a modernised flare path lighting system . Construction of

9990-504: The two-letter code of the radio beacons that were the closest to the actual airport, such as YQX in Gander or YXS in Prince George . Four of the ten provincial capital airports in Canada have ended up with codes beginning with YY, including: Canada's largest airport is YYZ for Toronto Pearson (as YTZ was already allocated to Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , the airport was given

10101-842: The university, to collaborate on promoting next-generation technologies that will drive the Fourth Industrial Revolution , including cognitive systems and autonomous vehicles. In 2017, the Tata Football Academy won the bid to form the Jamshedpur FC , a football club based on Jamshedpur of Jharkhand in the 4th edition of the Indian Super League . In 2020, Tata Group has donated INR 15 billion to PM Cares Fund to fight against COVID-19 pandemic in India. In 2024, The Tata Trusts Small Animal Hospital in Mumbai

10212-529: The use of two letters allowed only a few hundred combinations; a three-letter system of airport codes was implemented. This system allowed for 17,576 permutations, assuming all letters can be used in conjunction with each other. Since the U.S. Navy reserved "N" codes, and to prevent confusion with Federal Communications Commission broadcast call signs , which begin with "W" or "K", the airports of certain U.S. cities whose name begins with one of these letters had to adopt "irregular" airport codes: This practice

10323-417: The world's busiest airport with only one operational runway at a time. Runway notes Once the longest commercial runway in India, Runway 09/27 is the airport's main runway. 13 taxiways, including four rapid exit taxiways, connect it to a full-length parallel taxiway to its north. It intersects the secondary runway south of the terminal buildings. The reconstruction of the runway started in September 2010 and

10434-420: The world's most pressing issues, ranging from public health to agriculture. In recognition of the donation, the building which houses TIGS has been named Tata Hall. It is also the largest international donation made to University of California, San Diego. In 2017, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) donated an unprecedented US$ 35 million grant to Carnegie Mellon University , the largest ever industry donation to

10545-606: The year 2008, it acquired Jaguar and Land Rover . The company's subsidiary Tata Motors launched the Tata Nano which they presented as "the world’s most affordable car" in 2008. In 2017, Natarajan Chandrasekaran was appointed chairman. He was instrumental in restructuring business verticals and increasing promoter stake ownership in companies. Under his leadership, the group made acquisitions through insolvency law and investments in E-commerce, expanded its airline business by winning

10656-435: Was a convex shaped single concourse building with 14 Code E contact stands. The greater T2 apron also provided a further 15 Code D/E and 6 Code C remote stands. This gave a total of 35 stands on the existing apron. The departures section of 2A had 42 check-in counters, 18 more than in the international section at the Santacruz terminal. After completing customs and immigration formalities, the departing travellers were led down to

10767-611: Was a series of protests by locals and political parties over the forced acquisition, eviction, and inadequate compensation to those farmers displaced for the Tata Nano plant, during which Mamata Banerjee's party was widely criticised as acting for political gain. Despite the support of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) state government , Tata eventually pulled the project out of West Bengal, citing safety concerns. Narendra Modi , then Chief Minister of Gujarat , made land available for

10878-549: Was born in 1839. Tata graduated from Elphinstone College in Bombay in 1858. Shortly afterwards, he joined his father's trading firm that dealt in general merchandise. There, the junior Tata took a special interest in developing trade with China. When the American Civil War caused a boom in the Bombay cotton market, Tata and his father joined the Asiatic Banking Corporation . When the tide ebbed, Tata's credit

10989-439: Was built in three modular phases as Terminals 2A, 2B, and 2C. Each module had a capacity of 2.5 million annual passengers. This terminal had an area of 120,000 m (1,300,000 sq ft). The terminal structure was laid out in a space-saving vertical arrangement with separate levels for arrivals and departures. An overpass on the city-side took passengers to the upper-level departure forecourt . The original terminal

11100-524: Was completed in May 2011. The runway width was increased from 45 metres (148 ft) to 60 metres (200 ft) with a runway shoulder width of 7.5 m added on each side. The ILS on 27 starts at 2,900 ft (880 m) and is 9.1 nautical miles (16.9 km) long with a glide slope path of 3°. Runway 14/32 has ten taxiways including three rapid exit taxiways that connect to a parallel taxiway running along its eastern flank. It runs between Terminals 1 and 2 and

11211-399: Was considering constructing a second parallel runway as part of its master plan. However, the construction of this runway would necessitate a large-scale relocation of either Air India's hangars and maintenance facilities or the airport's flight kitchens and the Sahar police station, among others, depending on its alignment. The parallel runway remains an active part of the expansion plan but in

11322-414: Was designed to accommodate 600 passengers at any given time, but by the late 1970s, it was handling 1,200. In 1979–80, 5 million domestic and international passengers flew into and out of Santa Cruz compared with 3 million at Delhi's Palam Airport. The airlines were constantly expanding their services but there was no corresponding increase in space at the terminal, making it the most congested airport in

11433-531: Was first proposed. In 2007, Tata Group joined forces with a Tanzanian company to build a soda ash extraction plant in Tanzania. Environmental activists oppose the plant because it would be near Lake Natron , and it has a very high chance of affecting the lake's ecosystem and its neighbouring dwellers, jeopardising endangered lesser flamingo birds. Lake Natron is where two-thirds of lesser flamingos reproduce. Producing soda ash involves drawing out salt water from

11544-518: Was founded, first focused on locomotives. In 1954, it entered the commercial vehicle market after forming a joint venture with Daimler-Benz . In 1968, Tata Consultancy Services was founded. In 1991, Ratan Tata became chairman of Tata Group. This was also the year of economic liberalization in India , opening up the market to foreign competitors. During this time, Tata Group began to acquire several companies. Tata Group bought Tetley In February 2000. After that, it acquired Corus Group in 2007. In

11655-512: Was henceforth to be used only when the main runway was unavailable due to maintenance or other reasons. The construction of new rapid exit taxiways helped in increasing flight handling capacity from 32 movements per hour to 44 in 2012. NATS delivered and helped MIAL implement a 'change roadmap' to help CSMIA achieve more than 50 movements per hour in 2015. The increased air-side efficiencies resulted in CSMIA overtaking Gatwick Airport in March 2017 to become

11766-436: Was home to several RAF squadrons during World War II from 1942 to 1947. The Airport covered an area of about 1,500 acres (610 ha) and initially had three runways. The apron existed on the south side of runway 09/27, and the area, referred to today as the "Old Airport", houses, among others, maintenance hangars of Air India , Air Works India, Indamer Aviation Pvt Ltd, and MIAL's General Aviation Terminal. By 1946, when

11877-437: Was inaugurated on 18 October 2013 and took over operations on 1 January 2014. From the new tower, air traffic controllers are able to see 8 km (5 miles) beyond the thresholds of both runways. The tower and its associated technical block and mechanical plant building cover a total of 2,884 m (31,040 sq ft). The cost of the fully equipped tower is estimated at ₹ 4 billion. The previous ATC tower, built by

11988-404: Was inserted on 30 August 2018). It is situated across the suburbs of Santacruz and Sahar Village in Vile Parle East. As the airport is difficult to expand due to the surrounding buildings, a new airport called Dinkar Balu Patil International Airport Navi Mumbai is currently being built. RAF Santacruz was constructed in the 1930s. It was a bigger airfield than nearby Juhu Aerodrome and

12099-430: Was left desolate. Fortunately, the firm's credit was re-established during the next three years. A share in the lucrative contract for the commissariat of Napier's expedition to Abyssinia in 1868 restored the family fortune." In 1870 with Rs.21,000 capital, he founded a trading company. Further, he bought a bankrupt oil mill at Chinchpokli and converted it into a cotton mill, under the name Alexandra Mill which he sold for

12210-484: Was originally designed for. The bidding process for its modernisation eventually began in May 2004 with the decision by the Empowered Group of Ministers (EGoM) was announced in January 2006. In November 2006, Delta Air Lines inaugurated a direct flight from Mumbai to New York. Its passenger traffic was about 49.8 million in year 2018. It is also the second busiest airport in terms of cargo traffic. In March 2017,

12321-462: Was reconstructed in 2010. The runway shoulders were widened from 7.5 to 15 metres (25 to 49 ft). The associated taxiways of the secondary runway were upgraded in 2019. A new rapid exit taxiway and the conversion of taxiways to Code-F effectively increased the capacity of the runway. In 2020, the secondary runway set a record of 47 movements per hour during peak hour traffic as compared to 36 movements per hour. Issues with utilising 14/32 are: MIAL

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