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50-551: Founded in 1857 as the Charlotte Female Institute , this private school was originally located at College and 9th streets in what is now Uptown Charlotte. It was started and operated by Rev. Robert Burwell and his wife Margaret Anna Burwell. Elizabeth Webb Long operated the school as Long's Seminary from 1891 to 1896. The school affiliated with the Presbyterian Synod of North Carolina in 1896 and changed its name to

100-506: A Presbyterian institution in Charlotte, North Carolina . As part of the merger agreement, Chicora sold all of its assets and turned over the proceeds to Queens College; the latter agreed to archive Chicora's records relating to students and alumni. At the time, its real estate was worth $ 422,500; its bond debt was $ 233,000 and other debts totaled $ 100,000. The merged institution was called Queens-Chicora College from 1930 to 1939. However

150-571: A generation. After the war, the PCUS retained its "Old School" Presbyterian emphasis until the 20th century. The PCUS leaders began to emphasize that they needed to change in light of the changing South, which was undergoing urbanization and industrialization. The Woman's Auxiliary of the Presbyterian Church, U.S. was established in 1912, uniting various PCUS women's groups into one organization. A point of contention were talks of merger between

200-522: A high school for girls, as well as a four-year college for women. Its curriculum was Presbyterian-oriented and included Bible study. Students at Chicora College studied the liberal arts, modern and classical languages (French, Italian, German, and Spanish), Bible studies, the sciences (chemistry, natural sciences, and physics), photography, physical culture (gymnastics), domestic science/home economics, general elocution, and business skills such as bookkeeping and typing. Students could pay extra to study

250-692: A minority of Northerners, protested that this action violated the spirituality of the church and required Southerners to commit treason against their home states in order to remain members of the church. After the May meeting of the General Assembly, some presbyteries in the South immediately renounced the jurisdiction of the General Assembly. On August 15, a convention in Atlanta, Georgia, representing 17 presbyteries, encouraged all presbyteries who had not done so to renounce

300-454: A property known as McBee Terrace was purchased on the west side of the Reedy River . The new college campus consisted of sixteen acres that went from Camperdown Street to River Street and overlooked the river. The campus expanded to include a dormitory, administrative buildings, a president's house, and a 1,200-seat domed octagonal auditorium. Its grounds had landscaping that extended down to

350-712: A proposed "Plan of Union" between the UPCUSA and the PCUS which reportedly had not included an escape clause for congregations that had no desire of being part of the planned denomination, delegates from 260 churches met in Birmingham, Alabama to form the National Presbyterian Church, which would later be renamed the Presbyterian Church in America in 1974. Following the departure of more conservative PCUS members into

400-693: A result, after 1838 most Southern Presbyterians aligned with the Old School Presbyterian Church. The reluctance of the Old School General Assembly to rule on moral and political questions not explicitly addressed in the Bible resulted in the Northern and Southern sections of the Old School Presbyterian Church staying united longer than their New School counterparts. The latter split over slavery in 1858. New School synods and presbyteries in

450-949: A small library with 5,000 books. The college's students published the Chicora Magazine and The Clarion yearbook, later called Nods and Becks . Other student activities included the YWCA , the Glee Club, and the Music Club. Other groups included the Westminster League, the Cochran Literary Society, the Kratian Literary Society, the Preston Literary Society, and the Athletics Association. There

500-592: A touchstone dogma. Beginning in 1942, in response to liberal trends in the PCUS, conservative churchmen such as L. Nelson Bell , longtime medical missionary to China and father-in-law of evangelist Billy Graham , began establishing various periodicals and renewal parachurch organizations for conservative clergy and laymen alike. In 1966, conservatives founded Reformed Theological Seminary in Jackson, Mississippi . Eventually, in December 1973, prompted both by liberalism, and

550-413: A vote, with 53 PCUS presbyteries voting in favor of union, and 8 in opposition. On June 10, 1983, the reunion between the "northern" and "southern" Presbyterians was celebrated in Atlanta with the new denomination taking the name of the "Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)". The PCUS was one of the more conservative bodies of Presbyterianism throughout most of its history, with a strong emphasis on subscription to

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600-474: The Covenanter and Seceder traditions of Scottish Presbyterianism. These and other mergers added over 35,000 members and 490 local churches. In the 1880s, the PCUS endured a prolonged battle over Darwinian evolution . James Woodrow , professor at Columbia Theological Seminary , sparked controversy when he suggested that evolutionary thought did not contradict the biblical teachings on creation . In response,

650-505: The Deep South , founded what today is the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA) in late 1973. They cited its rationale as "[a] long-developing theological liberalism which denied the deity of Jesus Christ and the inerrancy and authority of Scripture" on the part of PCUS leaders. Some evangelicals, however, remained in the PCUS in order to contend for their beliefs; this group was more willing to perceive common cause with UPCUSA conservatives. By

700-602: The Old School–New School Controversy . The New School faction advocated revivalism and a softening of traditional Calvinism , while the Old School was opposed to the extremes of revivalism and desired strict conformity to the Westminster Confession , the Presbyterian Church's doctrinal standard. Many New School Presbyterians were also supportive of moral reform movements, such as abolitionism . As

750-477: The Presbyterian Church in the United States (P.C.U.S.) purchased the college in 1906. They recharted its as Chicora College, a Presbyterian institution, on May 30, 1906. Rev. Samuel Craig Byrd became the college's third president on June 1, 1906. In 1908, tuition for the literary course was $ 183, including room, board, general elocution, a servant's assistance, reading room fees, heat, light, and access to

800-788: The Presbyterian College for Women . This liberal arts college moved to 600-616 North College Street on the corner of 9th Street in Charlotte. The college moved to fifty-acres in Myers Park in 1912 and changed its name to Queen's College . Its trustees selected the Queen's College name to commemorate a school established in North Carolina in 1771, before being disallowed by the British Crown the next year. They hoped this would inspire more interest in

850-531: The United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (UPCUSA) to form the Presbyterian Church (USA) . The Presbyterian Church in the United States grew out of regional and theological divisions within the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (PCUSA), the first national Presbyterian denomination in the U.S., founded in 1789. In 1838, the PCUSA divided along theological lines due to

900-576: The Westminster Confession and interest in Calvinist scholasticism, particularly as expressed in Common Sense Realism and later the Princeton Theology . In fact, as their northern counterparts in Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. began to modify Calvinism, and experiment with confessional revision, in the later part of the 19th and into the early 20th centuries, the PCUS prided itself in being

950-627: The "northern" Presbyterian Church, known as the United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America after 1958 (despite the common reference as "northern", the UPCUSA had congregations in all 50 states by the 20th century, with most of its southern churches the result of a 1906 merger with most of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church or the affiliation of African-American churches in the South Atlantic states after

1000-461: The "ornamental arts", including drawing, elocution, and music. Students were also taught a variety of sports. In 1919, the school had a College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and a College for Fine Arts that included Schools of Art and Expression and a Conservatory of Music "under European trained specialists." It offered B.A. , B.S., B.Ped., and M.A. degrees. Its faculty included twelve instructors with B.A. and M.A. degrees. The college also had

1050-564: The 2000s, some churches from both lines began to depart from the post-merger denomination over similar concerns and moral disputes, namely in favor of the Evangelical Presbyterian Church . After the conservatives left the PCUS mainly for the PCA, but a minority for the EPC, it became easier for the remainder to work on union with the UPCUSA. Eventually, in 1983, the "Plan of Union" came up to

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1100-530: The Chicora College. They selected the name Chicora the first Native American tribe that explorers met on the coast of South Carolina. Its president was J. F. McKinnon. It was not accredited; this was normal for colleges in South Carolina at the time. The church contributed $ 1,000 to rent a house for the college and later purchase a property that was previously the home of Alexander McBee. Tuition for

1150-610: The Civil War). In 1946, with cooperation of three other denominations, it formed the United Andean Indian Mission , an agency that sent missionaries to Ecuador. Among some of the other liberalizing trends were the ordination of women in 1964, the ratification of a pro-choice position on abortion by the General Assembly, and the rejection by that assembly of the plenary verbal inspiration of the Bible , considered by conservatives as

1200-573: The General Assembly's jurisdiction. It also recommended that the constitution of the church remain unchanged, with the exception of replacing the phrase "Presbyterian Church in the United States of America" with the name "Presbyterian Church in the Confederate States of America". A general assembly was scheduled to meet in Augusta, Georgia, on December 4, and by that time 47 presbyteries and 10 synods had severed ties to PCUSA. The first General Assembly of

1250-459: The PCA, the PCUS drafted a "Declaration of Faith", which paralleled the social concerns expressed in the UPCUSA's Confession of 1967 . While it was approved by the General Assembly of 1976, it failed to receive a requisite supermajority of the presbyteries (largely due to opposition states where loyalist conservatives remained), and the 1977 General Assembly instead approved it for study purposes, without binding authority. That issue became moot upon

1300-999: The Queens Royals; their mascot is named Rex. Queens is a member of the NCAA 's Division I program nationally; regionally, the Royals participate in the ASUN Conference . Men's athletic teams include baseball , basketball , cheerleading , cross-country , golf , lacrosse , rugby , soccer , swimming , tennis , track & field , volleyball , and triathlon . Women's athletic teams include basketball, cheerleading, dance, cross-country, equestrian, field hockey , golf, lacrosse, rugby, soccer, softball , swimming, tennis, track & field, volleyball, and triathlon. 35°11′20″N 80°49′56″W  /  35.1888°N 80.8323°W  / 35.1888; -80.8323 Chicora College Chicora College , also called Chicora College for Women ,

1350-534: The South established the pro-slavery United Synod of the South. Old School Presbyterians remained united until after the start of hostilities in the American Civil War . In May 1861, the Old School General Assembly passed the controversial Gardiner Spring Resolutions that called on Presbyterians to support the Federal Government of the United States as a religious duty. Southerners, with support from

1400-581: The Southern Presbyterian Church accepted the recommendations of the convention and elected Benjamin M. Palmer its first moderator . After the Confederacy's defeat, the church renamed itself as the "Presbyterian Church in the United States". The denomination grew during its early years in part due to the absorption of a number of smaller Presbyterian groups. In 1864, the church re-united with Southern New School Presbyterians when it merged with

1450-508: The Synod of South Carolina, in which the seminary was located, prohibited the teaching of evolution in 1884. Similar actions were taken by the synods of Georgia, South Georgia, Alabama, and Florida. Columbia's board of directors was reorganized, and it voted to fire Woodrow. He refused to vacate his position and appealed to Augusta Presbytery, which exonerated him of any heresy in August 1886. This decision

1500-463: The Synod struggled to meet its financial obligations to the new college for the next nineteen years because it was unable to sell the Chicora College property and had to pay out $ 250,000 on the bonds. The institution later changed its name to Queens College of Charlotte and survives today as Queens University of Charlotte . The college started in a house rented on McBee Avenue in Greenville. Later,

1550-511: The UPCUSA in the Consultation on Church Union in 1962, a group begun by UPCUSA stated clerk Eugene Carson Blake . Eventually, by 1968, union churches and presbyteries were formed (that is, members of both the UPCUSA and the PCUS), and in 1970, a "Plan of Union" was drawn up. Union did not take place for another thirteen years. Another important event occurred in 1965, when Rachel Henderlite became

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1600-832: The United Synod of the South. Between 1867 and 1874, the church welcomed the Patapsco Presbytery of Maryland, the Kentucky Synod , and the Missouri Synod after those jurisdictions withdrew from the Old School PCUSA in protest over political actions taken by that denomination. Between 1867 and 1870, the church absorbed the Alabama and Kentucky Presbyteries of the Associate Reformed Church , a denomination with roots in

1650-442: The bastion of "Old School" Presbyterianism, stoutly resisting calls for change to accommodate liberalizing sensibilities. However, in the immediate years after World War II , many ministers and churches, especially in larger cities, began to embrace, or at least tolerate, modernist and neo-orthodox understandings of doctrine and church life. One important product of this liberalization was ecumenism , expressed in merger talks with

1700-509: The college lacked an endowment and still had debt despite having the largest number of students in its history. Instead of moving to the Wales Garden location, the college expanded to the former Columbia Seminary campus in 1927. The South Carolina Presbyterians began to have concerns about the viability of supporting both Chicora College and Presbyterian College and began discussing merging the women's college with another institution. In 1929,

1750-417: The college was $ 38 a year or $ 160 with room and board. The college's enrollment was around 200 students. The religious influence at Chicora was of "first importance". Its students were not allowed to write letters or speak on Sundays and could not have visits or any communication from young men. Its motto was " Non ministrari sed ministrare" or "Not to be served, but to serve". The college catalog called

1800-453: The college. In 1930, it merged with Chicora College for Women , previously located in Columbia, South Carolina . As part of the merger, Chicora sold all of its assets and turned over the proceeds to Queens College; the latter agreed to archive Chicora's records relating to students and alumni. The merged institution was called Queens-Chicora College from 1930 to 1939. Daniel G. Lugo assumed

1850-563: The first woman ordained in the Presbyterian Church in the United States; she was ordained by the Hanover Presbytery in Virginia. The response to the civil rights movement in effect split the PCUS into three factions: a liberal group desiring full endorsement of the movement's platform, a moderate faction desiring church-wide consensus before taking positive action, and a conservative/traditionalist group vigorously opposing what it believed

1900-827: The infirmary if needed. For $ 203, additional services included training in expanded elecution, musical instruments, or voice. The college had 235 students in 1909. Soon, it began to outgrow its campus. The textile mills of Greenville began to decline in the early 20th century, negatively impacting the city's West End where the college was located. In 1914, the college moved to Columbia, South Carolina , and merged with The College for Women in Columbia . The college retired its debts by selling its Greenville campus. The renamed Chicora College for Women opened for students in 1915, with Byrd continuing as its president. In 1921, Presbyterian College stopped admitting women and referred its existing female students to Chicora, in part to strengthen

1950-544: The institution the Chicora College for Young Ladies for the first time in 1897; however, some sources suggest that this name was in use when the college first started. Rev. S. R. Preston, pastor of Second Presbyterian Church in Greenville, became the second president of the college in May 1899. In 1901, the college had 77 students. Students came from Greenville, fifteen counties in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. The Bethel, Enoree, and South Carolina presbyteries of

2000-498: The liberal critics believed the doctrine was a justification for maintaining racial segregation and preserving the social standing of historic upper-class white elites within Southern society, a fair percentage of whom were PCUS members. Having been eventually defeated numerous times in the General Assembly by a coalition of the liberals and moderates from the 1960s onward, some PCUS conservatives, primarily from non-metropolitan parts of

2050-525: The mainline "Northern Presbyterians", the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. and its successor denomination, the United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. A vote for merger had come up in 1954, and despite popular support among many, the vote to merge failed. The two denominations did collaborate on a joint hymnal. The PCUS also joined the Episcopalians , United Methodists , the United Church of Christ and

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2100-476: The presbyteries transferred ownership of Chicora College to the Presbyterian Synod of South Carolina which assumed its bonded debt. When the Great Depression hit in 1929, plans for the new campus and Chicora College ended. On March 24, 1930, the Synod of South Carolina met to consider merging the college with Queens College, a Presbyterian institution for women in Charlotte, North Carolina . Queens College,

2150-612: The river. The campus was accessible by the Greenville and Columbia Railroad . When the college moved to Columbia in 1915, it was located in the Hampton-Preston House that had previously housed The College for Women in Columbia. Its gardens covered a city block. The auditorium building of the original campus in Greenville burned in 1919. The former college's remaining buildings were eventually demolished. Originally, Chicora included an elementary school for boys and girls and

2200-464: The role of Queens' 21st president on July 1, 2019, after the retirement of Dr. Pamela Davies, who led Queens for 17 years. In 2020, the board of trustees voted unanimously to rename Burwell Hall, which had been named in 1914 after Margaret Anna Burwell, the wife of Robert Burwell, to Queens Hall. Burwell was the first head of Queens and the building was renamed because the couple were slaveowners. Queens University of Charlotte's athletic teams are called

2250-452: The women's college. Chicora college became the largest Presbyterian college in the South by the end of 1921. The college's board of trustees started planning a new campus on 55 acres in Wales Garden in east Columbia. Having outgrown its location, the college reported turning away students in 1925. The presbyteries approved $ 250,000 in bonds to purchase the site for the new campus. However,

2300-592: Was a Presbyterian women's college in Greenville and Columbia, South Carolina . It operated from 1893 to 1930 when it merged with Queens College in Charlotte, North Carolina . In 1893, the First Presbyterian Church in Greenville, South Carolina , decided to start a college for women. On August 12, 1893, the board of trustees was established for the Greenville Female Seminary with E. A. Smith as president. On September 20, 1893, it opened as

2350-431: Was also a Student Co-operative Association that included student government and supported "college spirit". It had more than twenty local social sororities. In 1925, athletics included varsity and junior basketball, varsity tennis, and track. The Hampton-Preston House , former campus in Columbia, is now a history museum that includes a recreation of dormitory rooms as they existed in 1915. The Hampton-Preston House

2400-553: Was appealed to the General Assembly, which after five days of debate ordered Woodrow's removal from his professorship. Despite his removal, Woodrow continued to be considered a member in good standing of the PCUS and was elected moderator of the South Carolina Synod in 1901. Nevertheless, the overwhelming sentiment of the PCUS was that evolutionary theory was a threat to Christian orthodoxy. As a result, Southern Presbyterians would disengage from scientific developments for more than

2450-650: Was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on July 29, 1969. Presbyterian Church in the United States The Presbyterian Church in the United States ( PCUS , originally Presbyterian Church in the Confederate States of America ) was a Protestant denomination in the Southern and border states of the United States that existed from 1861 to 1983. That year, it merged with

2500-545: Was the meddling of the church in the civil and cultural traditions of its native region. Conservatives argued that church activity on behalf of racial desegregation and voting rights constituted a violation of the doctrine of "the spirituality of the church", a principle developed by 19th-century Presbyterian theologian James Henley Thornwell . He had declared that social reform and political participation were duties or pursuits to be taken up by individuals, not church courts. The conservative group strongly defended that teaching, but

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