Claude Nau or Claude Nau de la Boisseliere (d. 1605) was a confidential secretary of Mary, Queen of Scots , in England from 1575 to 1586. He was involved in coding Mary's letters with cipher keys.
47-709: Charles Paget may refer to: Charles Paget (conspirator) (c. 1546–1612), Roman Catholic conspirator Sir Charles Paget (Royal Navy officer) (1778–1839), MP and vice-admiral Sir Charles Paget (politician) (1799–1873), MP for Nottingham in the 1850s Charles Souders Paget (1874–1933), American architect in Canton, China Charles Paget, 6th Marquess of Anglesey (1885–1947), British peer Charles Paget, 8th Marquess of Anglesey (born 1950), British peer See also [ edit ] Charles Paget Wade (1883–1956), British architect and poet [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
94-604: A conspirator Thomas Barnes to visit Antwerp, pretending his journey was to buy tapestry and pictures for the Earl of Essex. The English Catholic exiles eventually split into two parties, one, called the Spanish faction, supporting the claims of Isabella Clara Eugenia , Infanta of Spain , to the English crown, while the other, the Scottish faction, advocated the right of James VI of Scotland . Paget
141-561: A draft in French, which he translated into English. William Cecil added a further note, that this was Curle's "superscription". Although all his plots had signally failed, Paget appears to have clung to the hope that the Protestant religion in England could be subverted by a foreign force. Writing under the signature of 'Nauris,' from Paris to one Nicholas Berden alias Thomas Rogers (a courier and
188-499: A hostage and brought up as a Catholic. She wanted Paget to discuss the scheme with her ally Claud Hamilton, who was in Scotland and could build support amongst the Scottish nobility. Mary's secretaries Claude Nau and Gilbert Curle were arrested in August 1586. Her correspondence was examined. Curle was made to certify on a copy of one of Mary's letters to Paget that she had first given him
235-574: A postscript to one of Mary's letters to her ally in France, James Beaton , Archbishop of Glasgow , that he intended to send him the queen's portrait, but the painter working at Sheffield Castle had not completed the work to perfection. At this time, Mary was contemplating marriage with John of Austria , a brother of Philip II of Spain , and the Archbishop was her negotiator. Although the artist Nicholas Hilliard had painted Mary's portrait, at this time he
282-513: A service agreeable both to the queen and the king of Spain. I am under obligation to the one as an English subject, and to the other as a catholic prince who has relieved me in my banishment. He added that His Highness was willing to treat with allies, and particularly with the queen, that the crowns of England and Spain might return to their old amity. On 27 April 1598 Paget wrote from Liège to Thomas Barnes in London: "I am unspeakably comforted that
329-583: A spy for Walsingham), on 31 January 1588 he observed, in reference to the anticipated triumph of the Spanish Armada : "When the day of invasion happens, the proudest Councillor or Minister in England will be glad of the favour of a Catholic gentleman". In the same letter, he stated that all Walsingham's alphabets or ciphers had been interpreted by him. Berden sent copies of Paget's cipher alphabets to Walsingham's cryptographer Thomas Phelippes to gather evidence against conspirators. In March 1588 Paget entered
376-520: A successful invasion of England with the objective of releasing Mary, Queen of Scots, and deposing Elizabeth. Persons later claimed that Paget and Morgan did not fully support the plan. Whether Paget and Morgan acted out of caution or for other motives is unclear. It is also said that an alliance between Paget and Morgan and Owen Lewis in Rome was the cause of disagreement among the Catholics. Persons states that
423-900: Is a most dangerous instrument, and I wish, for Northumberland's sake, he had never been born". Thomas Morgan introduced Paget to Albert Fontenay , a brother of Mary, Queen of Scots' French secretary Claude Nau. They met Claud Hamilton in Paris in January 1586, before his return to Scotland. They hoped Hamilton would be an advocate for Mary in Scotland with her son James VI . Paget wrote to Mary and Nau, mentioning Fontenay's "great comfort and friendship" and his "many friendly offices". Mary wrote to Paget in May 1586, after receiving five letters from him, with an "infinite number" of other letters written in cipher code. Mary hoped that Spain would invade England, and Scotland would assist or remain neutral. Her son, James VI, would be
470-492: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Charles Paget (conspirator) Charles Paget ( c. 1546 –1612) was a Roman Catholic conspirator, involved in the Babington Plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England . Charles Paget, born about 1546, was a younger son of the statesman William Paget, 1st Baron Paget , and his wife, Anne Preston,
517-422: Is guilty are already so plain and manifest (being also confessed by her two secretaries), as it is thought, they shall required no long debating". During his questioning, Nau said that Mary was averse to plans to invade England and replace Elizabeth, known as the "Enterprise", considering that she might have to renounce her claim to the throne in favour of her son James VI, or that neither she or her son would gain
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#1733086322074564-575: The Master of Gray , made it known that James was not about to accept joint rule. Nau was informed of plans to move Mary to another lodging, at Tutbury Castle . While Fontenay was still in Edinburgh, in March 1585, he warned Nau that a rumour was circulating at the Scottish court that Mary made him sleep with her ( que sa majeste vous faisoit coucher avec elle ), and so they should modify their familiar behaviour when
611-610: The alphabets and cipher keys . Pasquier usually did his cipher work in Nau's chamber. Mary kept the letters in cipher herself. Nau was accused of deciphering a letter from Anthony Babington and composing a reply from Mary (by discussion and dictation) which Gilbert Curle translated into English. Francis Walsingham sent news to the Scottish Court in September 1586 that Mary was to be moved to Fotheringhay , and that "the matters whereof she
658-467: The English government, but he nevertheless seems to have given from time to time important intelligence to Neville and to Ralph Winwood the succeeding ambassador at the French court . His attainder appears to have been reversed in the first parliament of James I, probably by the act restoring in blood his nephew William, Lord Paget , and it is presumed that he returned to England. His paternal estate, including
705-512: The English throne. Nau claimed Mary only wished to intervene or interfere in Scotland. Nau said he deciphered one or more incoming letters from Babington and had advised Mary not to reply and thus incriminate herself, and then reluctantly made a French draft which Curle translated into English and ciphered. Mary thought that her secretaries, Nau and Curle, and the clerk Pasquier, had betrayed her during their questioning, and she altered her will. After Mary's execution, Nau returned to France where he
752-433: The French court. Nau also asked him to buy some jewellery; a locket with a catch or a sealed box ( une petite boite fermee et cachetee ), a pair of bracelets made in the latest fashion, and a diamond or emerald shaped like a heart or triangle. A case for a miniature portrait was sometimes known as a "picture box" in English, as une boîte à portrait in French, and in Spanish, a caxa or caxilla , although Nau be referring to
799-557: The Master of Gray visited. Nau had a relationship with a young woman in Mary's household, Elizabeth Pierrepont . In April 1586 he sent a friend to discuss marriage with her father Henry Pierrepont . Mary was in favour of her marriage, but it seems her father had other ideas and removed her from the household. The journal of the last days of Mary's household written by the physician Dominique Bourgoing suggests she remained with Mary, and mentions
846-495: The Scottish court at Stirling Castle would not allow him an audience, apparently because Mary's letter was addressed to her son, not the King. Although Nau was accompanied by Nicolas Errington , Provost Marshal of Berwick upon Tweed , he had no papers from Elizabeth. The Privy Council of Scotland issued a proclamation that he deserved punishment and should be commanded to depart. Mary wanted to Nau to go Scotland again in 1582, and asked
893-413: The Spanish faction, Paget lost no time after his arrival at Paris in putting himself in communication with Sir Henry Neville , the English ambassador, who forwarded a detailed account of the circumstances to Sir Robert Cecil in a despatch dated 27 June (O.S.) 1599. Cecil seems to have been by no means anxious to encourage Paget, but Neville was more favourable to him. Paget said he felt himself slighted by
940-479: The ambassador Michel de Castelnau to get permissions. Claude's brother-in-law, the Sieur de Fontenay, sent from France, had more success. Fontenay was able to meet James VI in August 1584. Fontenay wrote to Claude Nau about his good reception, James had met him in his cabinet at Holyroodhouse , and lent him a horse to join the hunting at Falkland Palace . On 15 November 1584, Nau came to London as Mary's ambassador and
987-520: The daughter and heir of Henry Preston. Paget had three brothers, Henry , Thomas , and Edward (died young), and six sisters who married well. Paget left University of Cambridge on 27 May 1559 as a fellow commoner of Caius College . When Paget's father died in 1563, Paget inherited the lordship of Weston-on-Trent in Derbyshire . The following year he was present when Queen Elizabeth visited Trinity Hall, Cambridge . Like many other students, he left
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#17330863220741034-459: The discovery of a promise or contract of marriage discovered after Nau's papers were searched. Nau and another secretary Gilbert Curle were arrested at Chartley in 1586. They were escorted to London by Thomas Gorges . He seems to have lived comfortably with the family of Francis Walsingham in London. Nau was watched or supervised by a man called Anthony Hall, a Mr Mills, and John Allen. Allen
1081-604: The life of the English Queen. The King of France , however, refused to deliver them up, although he did imprison Morgan in the Bastille , and sent his papers to Queen Elizabeth. Paget went to Rouen in August 1585 and was said to be writing a book about the Throckmorton Plot . He was regarded with the utmost distrust and suspicion by Walsingham, who, in a despatch sent to Stafford on 16 December 1584, wrote that: "Charles Paget
1128-456: The manor of Weston on Trent and other manors in Derbyshire, was restored to him on 13 July 1603; and on 18 August in the same year James I granted him £200 per annum, part of a fee-farm rent reserved by a patent of Queen Elizabeth, bestowing the lands of Lord Paget on William Paget and his heirs. He died, probably in England, about the beginning of February 1611 – 1612, leaving a good estate to
1175-951: The original cause of Paget and Morgan's disagreement with Allen and himself was their exclusion, at the request of Henry I, Duke of Guise and Beaton, from the meeting held at Paris in 1582, and that after their exclusion Paget and Morgan inspired Mary with distrust of Spain and the Jesuits. Paget appears to have been a double agent, plotting against Queen Elizabeth while passing on information to her ministers. On 8 January 1582 he wrote from Paris to Sir Francis Walsingham that: God made me known to you in this town, and led me to offer you affection; nothing can so comfort me as her Majesty's and your favour. And again on 28 September 1582: In my answer to her Majesty's command for my return to England, assist me that she may yield me her favour and liberty of conscience in religion. . . . If this cannot be done, then solicit her for my enjoying my small living on this side
1222-554: The packaging of the bracelets and stone "closed-up in a small box under seal". Nau advised that the precious stone would cost less from a specialist lapidary than from a goldsmith, and prices were cheaper because of the wars in France . Mary considered other candidates to replace Dolu in October 1579, including the father-in-law of the writer Adam Blackwood . In June 1579, Mary sent Nau as her ambassador to her son, James VI of Scotland , instead of John Lesley , Bishop of Ross . However,
1269-565: The pseudonym Mope. It is alleged that the object of his journey was to concert measures for an invasion by the Duke of Guise and the King of Scots . For a time he hid in the house of William Davies, at Patching , Sussex . On 8 September he had an interview at Petworth with Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland . He was afterwards secretly conveyed to a lodge in the Earl's park called Conigar Lodge, where he stayed for about eight days. His brother, Thomas ,
1316-475: The queen inclines to listen to my humble suit. The profits of my land are worth £200 a year to myself; it is a lordship called Weston-upon-Trent. ... I cannot capitulate with the Queen; but the greater my offence has been, the greater is her mercy in pardoning and restoring me to my blood and living, showing the liberality which makes her famous, and obliging me to spend my life at her feet". In 1598, Paget arranged for
1363-407: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Paget&oldid=1230090166 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
1410-463: The sea, whereby I may be kept from necessity, which otherwise will force me to seek relief of some foreign prince. On 23 October 1582 Paget informed Walsingham of his intention to go to Rouen for his health and to drink English beer. He professed dutiful allegiance to Elizabeth, and his readiness to be employed in any service, a matter of conscience in religion only excepted. In the summer of 1583, Paget travelled from Rouen secretly into England, using
1457-662: The service of the Philip II of Spain, and went to live in Brussels , where he remained for the next eleven years. His name appears in the list of English exiles in Flanders who refused to sign the address of the English fathers of the Society of Jesus . He continued his correspondence: I am incited to boldness with you by your favour to my nephew Paget, and the good report I hear of your sweet nature, modesty, and wisdom. I desire ardently to do
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1504-482: The sons of one of his sisters. Claude Nau Nau was a successful lawyer practicing in Paris. He was recruited by the Guise family in 1574 to be Mary's secretary. Jean Champhuon, sieur du Ruisseau , an advocate who married Nau's sister Claire in 1563, also joined Mary's service. An account of the death of Mary, Queen of Scots, mentions that Ruisseau was Claude Nau's brother-in-law, a beau frere , and Albert Fontenay
1551-741: The university without taking a degree, and although he was admitted to the Middle Temple in 1560, he never practised law. Like many other members of his family, Paget was a zealous Catholic , and in 1581 he went into exile, and for seven years lived principally in Paris , but also in Rouen . While in Paris he became closely associated with Thomas Morgan , an agent of Mary, Queen of Scots . Paget and Morgan endeavoured to keep Mary informed of events in France and other parts through correspondence with her two secretaries in England, Claude Nau and Gilbert Curle , and it
1598-503: The world". After this, Charles Paget, in conjunction with Morgan and other malcontents at home and abroad, continued their plans, which were well known to the English government, and in June 1584 Sir Edward Stafford , the English ambassador to the French court, made a formal demand, in the name of Queen Elizabeth, for the surrender of Thomas Paget , Charles Paget, Charles Arundel, Thomas Throckmorton, and Thomas Morgan for having conspired against
1645-567: Was Claude Nau's brother or half brother. Nau was presented by the Duke of Guise , Mary's nephew, to Henry III of France . The King gave him diplomatic accreditation and sent him to Elizabeth I of England . On 29 March 1575, Elizabeth gave him a letter of introduction to the Earl of Shrewsbury the Scottish Queen's keeper at Sheffield Castle . Nau was a replacement for the secretary Augustine Raullet . He
1692-553: Was also summoned to Petworth. On 16 September Paget met in a wood, called Patching Copse, with William Shelley, who was subsequently convicted of treason. Paget likely also met at this time with Lord Henry Howard , who had come to Sussex from Norfolk . In a letter written on 25 October 1582 Thomas Paget told Paget that his abiding in Rouen was more misliked in England than his abiding in Paris, considering that he consorted there with men like John Lesley, Bishop of Ross , adding that: he
1739-443: Was exonerated from accusations of treachery to Mary by the King and the Duke of Guise. In 1605, Nau wrote to James VI and I . He suggested that Mary was not guilty because she had no freedom of action. He said he had tried not to prejudice Mary during his questioning by Cecil and Walsingham. He had not taken any bribes from Elizabeth, and the only gift he had from her was her portrait in miniature or in cameo framed in ebony, which he
1786-523: Was from thenceforth suspected of complicity in all his brother's treasons. On 2 December 1583, Sir Edward Stafford , the English ambassador to the French court, wrote from Paris to Sir Frances Walsingham that: "Lord Paget, with Charles Paget and Charles Arundel, suddenly entered my dining chamber before any one was aware of it, and Lord Paget says they came away for their consciences, and for fear, having enemies". They also told him that "for all things but their consciences they would live as dutifully as any in
1833-473: Was given in November 1585. Nau gave this portrait to Mary. Joseph Stevenson discovered Nau's memoirs of Mary and her history and published these works in 1883. Stevenson also attributed a treatise in French on Mary's title to the English throne to Nau. Nau wrote a history of the years 1542 to 1545 which describes Regent Arran taking power in Scotland, possession of Holyroodhouse and Falkland Palace , and
1880-523: Was in France. A surviving miniature portrait of Mary, in a later setting, the Blairs jewel, may date from this period and is associated with Elizabeth Curle, the sister of Mary's Scottish secretary Gilbert Curle . In the same month, Claude Nau wrote twice to his brother, du Ruisseau, using cipher codes. He hoped that du Ruisseau could be promoted to be treasurer of Mary's French dowry in place of René Dolu, and that du Ruisseau would speak to his own advantage at
1927-430: Was known to Mary's ally in France, James Beaton , Archbishop of Glasgow . Nau was frequently mentioned in Mary's correspondence, and many of his own letters survive. In January 1577, Nau sent cipher code keys to his brother-in-law the treasurer Jean de Champhuon, sieur du Ruisseau, to Mr Douglas, to John Lesley , Bishop of Ross , and to Ralph Lygon , for use in their correspondence with Mary. In August 1577 Nau added
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1974-465: Was later accused of allowing Nau to correspond with Bess Pierrepont. Elizabeth I considered that neither Nau or Curle were so desperate that they might kill themselves. Jérôme Pasquier , a servant who coded Mary's letters, was also arrested. Pasquier was questioned in the Tower of London about the Babington Plot and the writing of cipher codes in Mary's household. He told Thomas Phelippes that Nau kept
2021-441: Was lodged in a house belonging to Ralph Sadler . He spoke with Elizabeth, on the subject of Mary's allegations against Bess of Hardwick . Mary wanted Bess of Hardwick and her sons to acknowledge before the French ambassador that rumours about her were untrue. Nau also hoped to put forward the idea of the " association ", a scheme to return Mary to Scotland as joint ruler with her son. However, James VI and another Scottish diplomat,
2068-571: Was probably quite slight', and it is known that in 1586 Mary herself concealed from Paget the fact that she had received funds from Philip II of Spain , because she owed Paget 4000 crowns. Paget and Morgan were involved in several plots against the English government. In 1582 the Jesuit Robert Persons and William Allen conceived a plot which would have had Henry I, Duke of Guise , Philip II of Spain , and Pope Gregory XIII work in concert with Scottish and English Catholics to bring about
2115-514: Was said that 'they four governed from thenceforth all the queen's affairs at their pleasure.' Paget and Morgan also helped Mary's ambassador to the French court, James Beaton, Archbishop of Glasgow , administer Mary's income from her dower lands in France (said to have been thirty million crowns a year ), from which all three were granted pensions. According to Holmes, although Morgan and Paget's enemies accused them of fraud, 'the degree of control which they were able to exercise over Mary's finances
2162-426: Was sorry to hear by some good friends that he carried himself not so dutifully as he ought to do, and that he would disown him as a brother if he forgot the duty he owed to England. From this letter, it would seem that Thomas Paget's interview with his brother at Petworth must have been of a more innocent character than has been generally supposed. However, about the end of November Thomas Paget himself fled to Paris and
2209-594: Was the acknowledged head of the Scottish faction, and in 1599 he threw up his employment under the King of Spain, and returned to Paris. A letter from a Catholic in Brussels to his friend, a monk at Liège , giving a detailed account of Paget and his practices. The writer says that "from the first hour that his years permitted him to converse with men, he has been tampering in broils and practices, betwixt friend and friend, man and wife, and, as his credit and craft increase, betwixt prince and prince". Animated by intense hatred of
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