A dark-energy star is a hypothetical compact astrophysical object, which a minority of physicists think might constitute an alternative explanation for observations of astronomical black hole candidates.
17-470: Chapline is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: George Chapline Jr. (born 1942), American condensed matter physicist Jesse Grant Chapline (1870–1937), American educator and politician See also [ edit ] William Chapline House , stone house built about 1790 in Maryland [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
34-434: A B.A. in mathematics at UCLA in 1961. He was a member of the 1959 UCLA Putnam Competition team which scored 3rd in the nation. He earned a PhD in physics from Caltech in 1967. Dark-energy stars The concept was proposed by physicist George Chapline . The theory states that infalling matter is converted into vacuum energy or dark energy , as the matter falls through the event horizon . The space within
51-427: A gravastar . Dark-energy stars were first proposed because in quantum physics , absolute time is required; however, in general relativity , an object falling towards a black hole would, to an outside observer, seem to have time pass infinitely slowly at the event horizon . The object itself would feel as if time flowed normally. In order to reconcile quantum mechanics with black holes, Chapline theorized that
68-405: A phase transition in the phase of space occurs at the event horizon. He based his ideas on the physics of superfluids . As a column of superfluid grows taller, at some point, density increases, slowing down the speed of sound , so that it approaches zero. However, at that point, quantum physics makes sound waves dissipate their energy into the superfluid, so that the zero sound speed condition
85-427: A black hole actually represents a quantum critical transition of a superfluid vacuum. The Chapline–Laughlin theory predicts that space-times with a large vacuum energy are unstable to the formation of dark energy stars; in the context of the early universe, this provides a natural explanation for both dark matter and the metric fluctuations which led to the formation of galaxies. A remarkable astrophysical prediction of
102-492: A metal where the density of states at the Fermi surface is depressed because of pairing correlations. Both the actinides and high T c superconductors are examples of gossamer metals. Chapline is known for his work with Nick S. Manton on finding the classical equations which unify supergravity and Yang–Mills gauge theories in type I supergravity . These equations play an important role in superstring theory . Chapline
119-470: A new interpretation of quantum mechanics based on the similarity of quantum mechanics and Helmholtz machines . He was awarded the E. O. Lawrence Award in 1982 by the United States Department of Energy for leading the team that first demonstrated a working X-ray laser . In the field of condensed matter physics Chapline is best known as the originator of the concept of a gossamer metal ; i.e.
136-408: Is converted into dark energy . This negative pressure counteracts the mass the star gains, avoiding a singularity. The negative pressure also gives a very high number for the cosmological constant . Furthermore, 'primordial' dark-energy stars could form by fluctuations of spacetime itself, which is analogous to "blobs of liquid condensing spontaneously out of a cooling gas". This not only alters
153-571: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles George Chapline Jr. George Frederick Chapline Jr. (born May 6, 1942) is an American theoretical physicist, based at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory . His most recent interests have mainly been in quantum information theory , condensed matter , and quantum gravity . In 2003 he received the Computing Anticipatory Systems award for
170-414: Is never encountered. In the dark-energy star hypothesis, infalling matter approaching the event horizon decays into successively lighter particles. Nearing the event horizon, environmental effects accelerate proton decay . This may account for high-energy cosmic-ray sources and positron sources in the sky. When the matter falls through the event horizon, the energy equivalent of some or all of that matter
187-412: The surname Chapline . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chapline&oldid=913991875 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
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#1733092459256204-622: The Chapline–Laughlin theory is that dark energy stars should be prolific sources of positrons because nucleons decay when they encounter the surface of a dark energy star. A remarkable prediction of this new theory of black hole surfaces is that the mass spectrum of primordial black holes should have a low mass cutfoff near 0.1 solar masses, which ought to be observable with the Roman space telescope operating together with large ground based telescopes. Chapline's interest in quantum gravity dates from
221-401: The early 2000s, he proposed that objects currently thought to be black holes are actually dark-energy stars . Chapline and Mazur are also responsible for the only known exact result in quantum gravity; namely all rotating space-times can be constructed from an array of quantized spinning strings. This idea incorporates the 1980 proposal by Robert B. Laughlin and Chapline that the surface of
238-425: The event horizon would end up with a large value for the cosmological constant and have negative pressure to exert against gravity . There would be no information-destroying singularity . In March 2005, physicist George Chapline claimed that quantum mechanics makes it a "near certainty" that black holes do not exist and are instead dark-energy stars. The dark-energy star is a different concept from that of
255-482: The following years, particularly when he was a graduate student at Caltech (see photo). Feynman reportedly helped Chapline get his first job, as an assistant professor at UC Santa Cruz. Chapline is also well known for his work on quantum mechanics and Bayesian inference. The ideas which led to his Computing Anticipatory award from the U Liege in 2004 are described in his book “Quantum Mechanics and Bayesian Machines” published by World Scientific in 2023. Chapline earned
272-470: The time when as a teenager he wrote Richard Feynman a letter about the problem of quantum propagation in a gravitational field. Because quantum mechanics is intrinsically non-local while the equivalence principle is local there is a tension between quantum mechanics and general relativity that has not yet been resolved. As a result of his letter Feynman invited the 15-year-old Chapline to have lunch at Caltech. Chapline and Feynman talked often about physics in
289-547: Was also the first person to point out that the anomaly cancellation condition for superstrings in 10 dimensions could be satisfied by E8 x E8 , and the first person to suggest that the 24-dimensional Leech lattice might play a central role in a theory unifying gravity and elementary particle physics . Chapline is perhaps best known for his research on black holes , proposing that they cannot be described as solutions of Einstein’s general relativity equations. Drawing upon quantum mechanical insights of himself and Pawel Mazur from
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